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Smith M, Dodis GE, Vanderplow AM, Gonzalez S, Rhee Y, Gogliotti RG. Potentiation of the M 1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor normalizes neuronal activation patterns and improves apnea severity in Mecp2+/- mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.15.586099. [PMID: 38659804 PMCID: PMC11042204 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.15.586099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Rett syndrome (RTT) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the methyl-CpG binding protein 2 ( MeCP2 ) gene. RTT patients experience a myriad of debilitating symptoms, which include respiratory phenotypes that are often associated with lethality. Our previous work established that expression of the M 1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAchR) is decreased in RTT autopsy samples, and that potentiation of the M 1 receptor improves apneas in a mouse model of RTT; however, the population of neurons driving this rescue is unclear. Loss of Mecp2 correlates with excessive neuronal activity in cardiorespiratory nuclei. Since M 1 is found on cholinergic interneurons, we hypothesized that M 1 -potentiating compounds decrease apnea frequency by tempering brainstem hyperactivity. To test this, Mecp2 +/- and Mecp2 +/+ mice were screened for apneas before and after administration of the M 1 positive allosteric modulator (PAM) VU0453595 (VU595). Brains from the same mice were then imaged for c-Fos, ChAT, and Syto16 using whole-brain light-sheet microscopy to establish genotype and drug-dependent activation patterns that could be correlated with VU595's efficacy on apneas. The vehicle-treated Mecp2 +/- brain exhibited broad hyperactivity when coupled with the phenotypic prescreen, which was significantly decreased by administration of VU595, particularly in regions known to modulate the activity of respiratory nuclei (i.e. hippocampus and striatum). Further, the extent of apnea rescue in each mouse showed a significant positive correlation with c-Fos expression in non-cholinergic neurons in the striatum, thalamus, dentate gyrus, and within the cholinergic neurons of the brainstem. These results indicate that Mecp2 +/- mice are prone to hyperactivity in brain regions that regulate respiration, which can be normalized through M 1 potentiation.
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Hongo H, Kosaka T, Takayama KI, Baba Y, Yasumizu Y, Ueda K, Suzuki Y, Inoue S, Beltran H, Oya M. G-protein signaling of oxytocin receptor as a potential target for cabazitaxel-resistant prostate cancer. PNAS NEXUS 2024; 3:pgae002. [PMID: 38250514 PMCID: PMC10799637 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Although the treatment armamentarium for patients with metastatic prostate cancer has improved recently, treatment options after progression on cabazitaxel (CBZ) are limited. To identify the mechanisms underlying CBZ resistance and therapeutic targets, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from patients with CBZ-resistant prostate cancer. Cells were clustered based on gene expression profiles. In silico screening was used to nominate candidate drugs for overcoming CBZ resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer. CTCs were divided into three to four clusters, reflecting intrapatient tumor heterogeneity in refractory prostate cancer. Pathway analysis revealed that clusters in two cases showed up-regulation of the oxytocin (OXT) receptor-signaling pathway. Spatial gene expression analysis of CBZ-resistant prostate cancer tissues confirmed the heterogeneous expression of OXT-signaling molecules. Cloperastine (CLO) had significant antitumor activity against CBZ-resistant prostate cancer cells. Mass spectrometric phosphoproteome analysis revealed the suppression of OXT signaling specific to CBZ-resistant models. These results support the potential of CLO as a candidate drug for overcoming CBZ-resistant prostate cancer via the inhibition of OXT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Hongo
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takeo Kosaka
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Takayama
- Department of Systems Aging Science and Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-001, Japan
| | - Yuto Baba
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yota Yasumizu
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Koji Ueda
- Cancer Proteomics Group, Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Department of Systems Aging Science and Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-001, Japan
- Division of Systems Medicine and Gene Therapy, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka, Saitama 350-1298, Japan
| | - Himisha Beltran
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mototsugu Oya
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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Fogarty MJ. Inhibitory Synaptic Influences on Developmental Motor Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24086962. [PMID: 37108127 PMCID: PMC10138861 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
During development, GABA and glycine play major trophic and synaptic roles in the establishment of the neuromotor system. In this review, we summarise the formation, function and maturation of GABAergic and glycinergic synapses within neuromotor circuits during development. We take special care to discuss the differences in limb and respiratory neuromotor control. We then investigate the influences that GABAergic and glycinergic neurotransmission has on two major developmental neuromotor disorders: Rett syndrome and spastic cerebral palsy. We present these two syndromes in order to contrast the approaches to disease mechanism and therapy. While both conditions have motor dysfunctions at their core, one condition Rett syndrome, despite having myriad symptoms, has scientists focused on the breathing abnormalities and their alleviation-to great clinical advances. By contrast, cerebral palsy remains a scientific quagmire or poor definitions, no widely adopted model and a lack of therapeutic focus. We conclude that the sheer abundance of diversity of inhibitory neurotransmitter targets should provide hope for intractable conditions, particularly those that exhibit broad spectra of dysfunction-such as spastic cerebral palsy and Rett syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Fogarty
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
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Russell T, Gangotia D, Barry G. Assessing the potential of repurposing ion channel inhibitors to treat emerging viral diseases and the role of this host factor in virus replication. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113850. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
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Luo HY, Long HZ, Zhou ZW, Xu SG, Li FJ, Cheng Y, Wen DD, Deng P, Gao LC. Pharmacokinetics, Bioequivalence and Safety of Cloperastine in Chinese Healthy Subjects Under Fasting and Postprandial Conditions. Drugs R D 2022; 22:311-320. [DOI: 10.1007/s40268-022-00406-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Akaba Y, Shiohama T, Komaki Y, Seki F, Ortug A, Sawada D, Uchida W, Kamagata K, Shimoji K, Aoki S, Takahashi S, Suzuki T, Natsume J, Takahashi E, Tsujimura K. Comprehensive Volumetric Analysis of Mecp2-Null Mouse Model for Rett Syndrome by T2-Weighted 3D Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:885335. [PMID: 35620663 PMCID: PMC9127869 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.885335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rett syndrome (RTT) is a severe progressive neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by various neurological symptoms. Almost all RTT cases are caused by mutations in the X-linked methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2) gene, and several mouse models have been established to understand the disease. However, the neuroanatomical abnormalities in each brain region of RTT mouse models have not been fully understood. Here, we investigated the global and local neuroanatomy of the Mecp2 gene-deleted RTT model (Mecp2-KO) mouse brain using T2-weighted 3D magnetic resonance imaging with different morphometry to clarify the brain structural abnormalities that are involved in the pathophysiology of RTT. We found a significant reduction in global and almost all local volumes in the brain of Mecp2-KO mice. In addition, a detailed comparative analysis identified specific volume reductions in several brain regions in the Mecp2-deficient brain. Our analysis also revealed that the Mecp2-deficient brain shows changes in hemispheric asymmetry in several brain regions. These findings suggest that MeCP2 affects not only the whole-brain volume but also the region-specific brain structure. Our study provides a framework for neuroanatomical studies of a mouse model of RTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Akaba
- Group of Brain Function and Development, Nagoya University Neuroscience Institute of the Graduate School of Science, Nagoya, Japan
- Research Unit for Developmental Disorders, Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Tadashi Shiohama
- Department of Pediatrics, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuji Komaki
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiko Seki
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Alpen Ortug
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Daisuke Sawada
- Department of Pediatrics, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Wataru Uchida
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Kamagata
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keigo Shimoji
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeki Aoki
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Takeshi Suzuki
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jun Natsume
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Developmental Disability Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Emi Takahashi
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Keita Tsujimura
- Group of Brain Function and Development, Nagoya University Neuroscience Institute of the Graduate School of Science, Nagoya, Japan
- Research Unit for Developmental Disorders, Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Keita Tsujimura,
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Tsentsevitsky AN, Khaziev EF, Kovyazina IV, Petrov AM. GIRK channel as a versatile regulator of neurotransmitter release via L-type Ca 2+ channel-dependent mechanism in the neuromuscular junction. Neuropharmacology 2022; 209:109021. [PMID: 35245509 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
G protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels are one of the main regulators of neuronal excitability. Activation of GIRK channels in the CNS usually leads to postsynaptic inhibition. However, the function of GIRK channels in the presynaptic processes, notably neurotransmitter release form motor nerve terminals, is yet to be comprehensively understood. Here, using electrophysiological and fluorescent approaches, the role of GIRK channels in neurotransmitter release from frog motor nerve terminals was studied. We found that the inhibition of GIRK channels with nanomolar tertiapin-Q synchronized exocytosis events with action potential but suppressed spontaneous and evoked neurotransmitter release, as well as Ca2+ transient and membrane permeability for K+. The action of GIRK channel inhibition on evoked neurotransmission was prevented by selective antagonist of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels of L-type. Furthermore, the effects of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor activation on neurotransmitter release, Ca2+ transient and K+ channel activity were markedly modulated by inhibition of GIRK channels. Thus, at the motor nerve terminals GIRK channels can regulate timing of neurotransmitter release and be a positive modulator of synaptic vesicle exocytosis acting partially via L-type Ca2+ channels. In addition, GIRK channels are key players in a feedback control of neurotransmitter release by muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei N Tsentsevitsky
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC "Kazan Scientific Center of RAS", P.o. Box 30, 420111, Kazan, Russia
| | - Eduard F Khaziev
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC "Kazan Scientific Center of RAS", P.o. Box 30, 420111, Kazan, Russia
| | - Irina V Kovyazina
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC "Kazan Scientific Center of RAS", P.o. Box 30, 420111, Kazan, Russia; Kazan State Medical University, Butlerov St., 49, 420008, Kazan, Russia.
| | - Alexey M Petrov
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC "Kazan Scientific Center of RAS", P.o. Box 30, 420111, Kazan, Russia; Kazan State Medical University, Butlerov St., 49, 420008, Kazan, Russia
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8
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Li W. Excitation and Inhibition Imbalance in Rett Syndrome. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:825063. [PMID: 35250460 PMCID: PMC8894599 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.825063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A loss of the excitation/inhibition (E/I) balance in the neural circuit has emerged as a common neuropathological feature in many neurodevelopmental disorders. Rett syndrome (RTT), a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder that affects 1:10,000-15,000 women globally, is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the Methyl-CpG-binding Protein-2 (Mecp2) gene. E/I imbalance is recognized as the leading cellular and synaptic hallmark that is fundamental to diverse RTT neurological symptoms, including stereotypic hand movements, impaired motor coordination, breathing irregularities, seizures, and learning/memory dysfunctions. E/I balance in RTT is not homogeneously altered but demonstrates brain region and cell type specificity instead. In this review, I elaborate on the current understanding of the loss of E/I balance in a range of brain areas at molecular and cellular levels. I further describe how the underlying cellular mechanisms contribute to the disturbance of the proper E/I ratio. Last, I discuss current pharmacologic innervations for RTT and their role in modifying the E/I balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Xing H, Cui N, Johnson CM, Faisthalab Z, Jiang C. Dual synaptic inhibitions of brainstem neurons by GABA and glycine with impact on Rett syndrome. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:3615-3628. [PMID: 33169374 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Rett syndrome (RTT) is a neurodevelopmental disease caused mostly by mutations in the MECP2 gene. People with RTT show breathing dysfunction attributable to the high rate of sudden death. Previous studies have shown that insufficient GABA synaptic inhibition contributes to the breathing abnormalities in mouse models of RTT, while it remains elusive how the glycine system is affected. We found that optogenetic stimulation of GAD-expressing neurons in mice produced GABAergic and glycinergic postsynaptic inhibitions of neurons in the hypoglossal nucleus (XII) and the dorsal motor nucleus of vagus (DMNV). By sequential applications of bicuculline and strychnine, such inhibition appeared approximately 44% GABAA ergic and 52% glycinergic in XII neurons, and approximately 49% GABAA ergic and 46% glycinergic in DMNV neurons. Miniature inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (mIPSCs) in these neurons were approximately 47% GABAA ergic and 49% glycinergic in XII neurons, and approximately 48% versus 50% in DMNV neurons, respectively. Consistent with the data, our single-cell polymerase chain reaction studies indicated that transcripts of GABAA receptor γ2 subunit (GABAA Rγ2) and glycine receptor β subunit (GlyRβ) were simultaneously expressed in these cells. In MeCP2R168X mice, proportions of GABAA ergic and glycinergic mIPSCs became approximately 28% versus 69% in XII neurons, and approximately 31% versus 66% in DMNV cells. In comparison with control mice, the GABAA ergic and glycinergic mIPSCs decreased significantly in the XII and DMNV neurons from the MeCP2R168X mice, so did the transcripts of GABAA Rγ2 and GlyRβ. These results suggest that XII and DMNV neurons adopt dual GABAA ergic and glycinergic synaptic inhibitions, and with Mecp2 disruption these neurons rely more on glycinergic synaptic inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xing
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ningren Cui
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Zaakir Faisthalab
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Chun Jiang
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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