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Gross ME, Martini D, Schooler JW. Can Viewing Films Promote Creative Thinking Styles? Examining The Complex Roles of Personality and Meaning-Making. CREATIVITY RESEARCH JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10400419.2022.2138040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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2
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Machine learning of large-scale multimodal brain imaging data reveals neural correlates of hand preference. Neuroimage 2022; 262:119534. [PMID: 35931311 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lateralization is a fundamental characteristic of many behaviors and the organization of the brain, and atypical lateralization has been suggested to be linked to various brain-related disorders such as autism and schizophrenia. Right-handedness is one of the most prominent markers of human behavioural lateralization, yet its neurobiological basis remains to be determined. Here, we present a large-scale analysis of handedness, as measured by self-reported direction of hand preference, and its variability related to brain structural and functional organization in the UK Biobank (N = 36,024). A multivariate machine learning approach with multi-modalities of brain imaging data was adopted, to reveal how well brain imaging features could predict individual's handedness (i.e., right-handedness vs. non-right-handedness) and further identify the top brain signatures that contributed to the prediction. Overall, the results showed a good prediction performance, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) score of up to 0.72, driven largely by resting-state functional measures. Virtual lesion analysis and large-scale decoding analysis suggested that the brain networks with the highest importance in the prediction showed functional relevance to hand movement and several higher-level cognitive functions including language, arithmetic, and social interaction. Genetic analyses of contributions of common DNA polymorphisms to the imaging-derived handedness prediction score showed a significant heritability (h2=7.55%, p <0.001) that was similar to and slightly higher than that for the behavioural measure itself (h2=6.74%, p <0.001). The genetic correlation between the two was high (rg=0.71), suggesting that the imaging-derived score could be used as a surrogate in genetic studies where the behavioural measure is not available. This large-scale study using multimodal brain imaging and multivariate machine learning has shed new light on the neural correlates of human handedness.
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Christensen R, Haenschel C, Gaigg SB, Fett AKJ. Loneliness, positive, negative and disorganised Schizotypy before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Schizophr Res Cogn 2022; 29:100243. [PMID: 35223431 PMCID: PMC8860670 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2022.100243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Loneliness is common in psychosis and occurs along a continuum. Here we investigate inter-relationships between loneliness, three-dimensional schizotypy, and depressive symptoms before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The sample included 507 university students (48.3% participated before and 51.7% during the COVID-19 pandemic) who completed the Multidimensional Schizotypy Scale-Brief, the Counseling Center Assessment of Psychological Symptoms depression scale and the University of California, Los Angeles Loneliness Scale. Schizotypy and depression scores were regressed onto loneliness individually and in multiple regressions. The cohorts did not differ in any of the schizotypy domains (all p > .29). Depressive symptoms (p = .05) and loneliness (p = .006) were higher during the pandemic than before. Across cohorts, loneliness was significantly associated with positive (β = 0.23, p < .001), negative (β = 0.44, p < .001), and disorganised schizotypy (β = 0.44, p < .001), and with depression (β = 0.72, p < .001). Schizotypy together explained a significant amount of variance in loneliness (R2 = 0.26), with significant associations with positive (β = −0.09, p = .047), negative (β = 0.31, p < .001) and disorganised schizotypy (β = 0.34, p < .001). When depression was included (β = 0.69, p < .001), only positive (β = −0.09, p = .008) and negative schizotypy (β = 0.22, p < .001) significantly predicted loneliness. When all schizotypy dimensions and depression were considered together, only negative schizotypy and depression significantly predicted loneliness. Loneliness and depressive symptoms were higher during the pandemic, but this did not relate to cohort differences in schizotypy. Loneliness is uniquely associated with negative schizotypy and depression, but not disorganised schizotypy. Certain aspects of positive schizotypy may protect against loneliness. Loneliness and depressive symptoms were higher in students during the COVID-19 pandemic than before. Cohorts of students assessed before and during the pandemic showed similar levels of schizotypy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronja Christensen
- Department of Psychology, City, University of London, London ECIV 0HB, UK.,King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF London, UK
| | - Corinna Haenschel
- Department of Psychology, City, University of London, London ECIV 0HB, UK
| | - Sebastian B Gaigg
- Department of Psychology, City, University of London, London ECIV 0HB, UK
| | - Anne-Kathrin J Fett
- Department of Psychology, City, University of London, London ECIV 0HB, UK.,King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF London, UK
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Handedness and its genetic influences are associated with structural asymmetries of the cerebral cortex in 31,864 individuals. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2113095118. [PMID: 34785596 PMCID: PMC8617418 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2113095118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Left-handedness occurs in roughly 10% of people, but whether it involves altered brain anatomy has remained unclear. We measured left to right asymmetry of the cerebral cortex in 28,802 right-handers and 3,062 left-handers. There were small average differences between the two handedness groups in brain regions important for hand control, language, vision, and working memory. Genetic influences on handedness were associated with some of these brain asymmetries, especially of language-related regions. This suggests links between handedness and language during human development and evolution. One implicated gene is NME7, which also affects placement of the visceral organs (heart, liver, etc.) on the left to right body axis—a possible connection between brain and body asymmetries in embryonic development. Roughly 10% of the human population is left-handed, and this rate is increased in some brain-related disorders. The neuroanatomical correlates of hand preference have remained equivocal. We resampled structural brain image data from 28,802 right-handers and 3,062 left-handers (UK Biobank population dataset) to a symmetrical surface template, and mapped asymmetries for each of 8,681 vertices across the cerebral cortex in each individual. Left-handers compared to right-handers showed average differences of surface area asymmetry within the fusiform cortex, the anterior insula, the anterior middle cingulate cortex, and the precentral cortex. Meta-analyzed functional imaging data implicated these regions in executive functions and language. Polygenic disposition to left-handedness was associated with two of these regional asymmetries, and 18 loci previously linked with left-handedness by genome-wide screening showed associations with one or more of these asymmetries. Implicated genes included six encoding microtubule-related proteins: TUBB, TUBA1B, TUBB3, TUBB4A, MAP2, and NME7—mutations in the latter can cause left to right reversal of the visceral organs. There were also two cortical regions where average thickness asymmetry was altered in left-handedness: on the postcentral gyrus and the inferior occipital cortex, functionally annotated with hand sensorimotor and visual roles. These cortical thickness asymmetries were not heritable. Heritable surface area asymmetries of language-related regions may link the etiologies of hand preference and language, whereas nonheritable asymmetries of sensorimotor cortex may manifest as consequences of hand preference.
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Wu CL, Chan YC, Chen HC. Neurocognitive Mechanism of Remote and Close Associations: An fMRI Study. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.5406/amerjpsyc.134.3.0333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Remote association is the ability to combine seemingly unrelated components into new concepts and is evaluated via the Remote Associates Test (RAT). The RAT has generally been used to examine brain activation during insight problem solving but not remote association. Moreover, little is known about the neural correlates of remote association and close association. To address this issue, we used the associative distance in the development of the RAT and designed remote associated items and close associated items. We collected brain images during observation of remote and close associated items from 30 adult participants and analyzed the activation of brain regions involved in remote and close associations. The results showed that processing of remote and close association occurred in the posterior cingulate cortex. After controlling for the influence of other associations, we found that the rostromedial prefrontal cortex, precuneus, and middle temporal gyrus were involved exclusively in remote association. These results showed that remote association has conjunctive and disjunctive neurocognitive mechanisms. Our results contribute to the understanding of the neurocognitive mechanisms of different associations and provide empirical support for the associative theory of creativity.
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Structural properties of corpus callosum are associated differently with verbal creativity and visual creativity. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 226:2511-2521. [PMID: 34430997 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02329-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent neuroimaging studies demonstrate that creativity is related to brain regions across both hemispheres, and the corpus callosum forms the structural basis of inter-hemispheric information exchange. However, the findings regarding the relationship between inter-hemispheric interaction and creativity remain inconsistent, which may be caused by different types of creativity and neural features being adopted. To clarify the inconsistency, and understand how inter-hemispheric interactions are related to different kinds of creativity, we explored the correlation between eight structural measures of the corpus callosum (CC) and two different domains of creativity [verbal creativity (VerC) and visual creativity (VisC)] using a large healthy-adult sample (n = 446). The results showed that VerC was positively correlated with fractional anisotropy (FA) and negatively correlated with the radial diffusivity (RD) of CC; whereas there was no significant association between VisC and CC measures. These results persisted after regressing VisC from VerC, regressing VerC from VisC, and regress out general intelligence from both creativity measures. In summary, we showed that the structural properties of corpus collosum are associated in different ways with two domains of creativity, i.e., verbal creativity and visual creativity, which enriches our understanding of the underlying neural mechanism in different types of creativity.
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Huber KB, Marsolek CJ. Do cerebral motivational asymmetries mediate the relationship between handedness and personality? Laterality 2021; 27:21-56. [PMID: 34238115 DOI: 10.1080/1357650x.2021.1942483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Handedness has long been tied to personality, but detailed explanations for the association are lacking. Importantly for purposes of theory development, measures of approach and withdrawal associated with Big Five personality traits have also been traced back to activity in brain areas that relate to handedness. Specifically, increased right-hemisphere frontal activity appears to be linked to both withdrawal motivation and left/inconsistent-handedness, while increased left-hemisphere frontal activity is associated with approach motivation and right/consistent-handedness. Cerebral motivational asymmetries therefore present one plausible mechanism by which approach and withdrawal motivation could mediate the relationship between handedness and personality. We tested this possibility in a large online study (N = 499) in which participants completed multiple survey measures. Results indicated that approach/withdrawal motivation partially accounts for relationships between handedness and personality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie B Huber
- Psychological Sciences Department, University of Wisconsin-River Falls, River Falls, WI, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Chad J Marsolek
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Kállai J, Vincze G, Török IA, Hargitai R, Rózsa S, Hartung I, Tamás I, Láng A, Herold R. Cognitive Gain or Handicap: Magical Ideation and Self-Absorption in Clinical and Non-clinical Participants. Front Psychol 2021; 12:613074. [PMID: 33716876 PMCID: PMC7952430 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.613074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to examine magical ideation and absorption traits across non-clinical and clinical groups to determine their potential adaptive and maladaptive functions. Method: We enrolled 760 healthy participants from neighboring communities (female = 53.2%). Moreover, we recruited 318 patients (female = 66.5%), which included 25, 183, and 110 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, anxiety disorders, and mood disorders, respectively. Potentially adaptive and maladaptive sociocognitive functions were measured to determine the role of magical ideation and self-absorption in patients with psychiatric disorders. Results: The degree of magical ideation and absorption gradually increased in the following order: anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Furthermore, enhanced self-absorption-related enhanced consciousness traits were essential indicators of the presence of self-integration weakness in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Conclusion: Magical ideation and psychological absorption may be considered as mental model construction functions, which result in both gains and handicaps in social adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- János Kállai
- Department of Behavioural Sciences, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gábor Vincze
- Pándy Kálmán Division, Department of Psychiatry, Békés Country Hospital Center, Gyula, Hungary
| | - Imre András Török
- Pándy Kálmán Division, Department of Psychiatry, Békés Country Hospital Center, Gyula, Hungary
| | - Rita Hargitai
- Institute of Psychology, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sándor Rózsa
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - István Hartung
- Department of Behavioural Sciences, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - István Tamás
- Department of Behavioural Sciences, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - András Láng
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Róbert Herold
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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9
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Unmasking the relevance of hemispheric asymmetries—Break on through (to the other side). Prog Neurobiol 2020; 192:101823. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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10
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Cheng Y, Hegarty M, Chrastil ER. Telling right from right: the influence of handedness in the mental rotation of hands. Cogn Res Princ Implic 2020; 5:25. [PMID: 32494941 PMCID: PMC7270479 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-020-00230-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the impact of handedness on a common spatial abilities task, the mental rotation task (MRT). The influence of a right-handed world was contrasted with people's embodied experience with their own hands by testing both left- and right-handed people on an MRT of right- and left-hand stimuli. An additional consideration is the influence of matching the shape of the hand stimuli with the proprioception of one's own hands. Two orthogonal hypothesis axes were crossed to yield four competing hypotheses. One axis contrasted (i) embodied experience versus (ii) world knowledge; the other axis contrasted (a) the match between the visual image of a hand on the screen and one's own hand versus (b) the resemblance of the shape outline information from the hand stimuli with the proprioception of one's own hands. RESULTS Among people with mixed handedness, right-handers performed more accurately for left-hand stimuli, while left-handers had a trend for higher accuracy for right-hand stimuli. For people with extreme handedness, right-handers outperformed left-handers. Regardless of group, there was no significant variation in performance for left-hand stimuli, with only right-hand stimuli producing significant variation. CONCLUSIONS No hypothesis fully aligned with all the data. For left-hand stimuli, the consistent performance across groups does not provide support for embodied experience, while world knowledge might influence all groups similarly. Alternatively, the within-group variation for mixed-handed people supports embodied experience in the hand MRT, likely processed through visual-proprioceptive integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Cheng
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
- University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Mary Hegarty
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Chrastil
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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11
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Metacontrol of human creativity: The neurocognitive mechanisms of convergent and divergent thinking. Neuroimage 2020; 210:116572. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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12
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Chen J, Lee ACH, O'Neil EB, Abdul-Nabi M, Niemeier M. Mapping the anatomy of perceptual pseudoneglect. A multivariate approach. Neuroimage 2019; 207:116402. [PMID: 31783115 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fundamental to the understanding of the functions of spatial cognition and attention is to clarify the underlying neural mechanisms. It is clear that relatively right-dominant activity in ventral and dorsal parieto-frontal cortex is associated with attentional reorienting, certain forms of mental imagery and spatial working memory for higher loads, while lesions mostly to right ventral areas cause spatial neglect with pathological attentional biases to the right side. In contrast, complementary leftward biases in healthy people, called pseudoneglect, have been associated with varying patterns of cortical activity. Notably, this inconsistency may be explained, at least in part, by the fact that pseudoneglect studies have often employed experimental paradigms that do not control sufficiently for cognitive processes unrelated to pseudoneglect. To address this issue, here we administered a carefully designed continuum of pseudoneglect and control tasks in healthy adults while using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Data submitted to partial least square (PLS) imaging analysis yielded a significant latent variable that identified a right-dominant network of brain regions along the intra-occipital and -parietal sulci, frontal eye fields and right ventral cortex in association with perceptual pseudoneglect. Our results shed new light on the interplay of attentional and cognitive systems in pseudoneglect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqing Chen
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada.
| | - Andy C H Lee
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada; Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care, 3560 Bathurst St, Toronto, ON, M6A 2E1, Canada.
| | - Edward B O'Neil
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada.
| | - Mura Abdul-Nabi
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada.
| | - Matthias Niemeier
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada; Centre for Vision Research, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada.
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13
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Gross ME, Araujo DB, Zedelius CM, Schooler JW. Is perception the missing link between creativity, curiosity and schizotypy? Evidence from spontaneous eye-movements and responses to auditory oddball stimuli. Neuroimage 2019; 202:116125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Albayay J, Villarroel-Gruner P, Bascour-Sandoval C, Parma V, Gálvez-García G. Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory in a sample of Chilean undergraduates. Brain Cogn 2019; 137:103618. [PMID: 31629000 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2019.103618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
An individual's nervous and cognitive systems are lateralized, and handedness represents a behavioral manifestation of such organization. Therefore, accurately and reliably measuring handedness has repercussion on our understanding of both the human brain and cognition. The Edinburgh Handedness Inventory (EHI) is the most frequently used instrument to measure handedness both in clinical practice and research. We assessed the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the EHI in a sample of 348 Chilean university students by confirmatory factor analysis. Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability were calculated to evaluate the internal consistency and reliability of the EHI, while the average variance extracted was estimated to evaluate its convergent validity. A 10-item unifactorial structure was confirmed, with factor loadings ≥0.50, showing excellent goodness-of-fit indicators, very high internal consistency and adequate composite reliability and convergent validity. Socio-demographic variables (sex, area of residence and belonging to an indigenous people or community) did not significantly modulate the EHI scores. Overall, by using this validated version of the EHI to accurately and reliably measure handedness in the greater Spanish population, researchers will be able to produce robust data to tackle the still open questions of lateralization in human cognitive and neural architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Albayay
- Dipartimento di Psicologia Generale, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Venezia 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Bascour-Sandoval
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, 4780000 Temuco, Chile; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Avenida Alemania 1090, 4780000 Temuco, Chile
| | - Valentina Parma
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, 1701 N 13th St, Philadelphia, PA 19122, United States; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Nobelsväg 9, Solna, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Germán Gálvez-García
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, 4780000 Temuco, Chile; Département de Psychologie Cognitive, Sciences Cognitives & Neuropsychologie, Institut de Psychologie, Laboratoire d'Étude des Mécanismes Cognitifs, Université Lyon 2, 5 Avenue Pierre Mendès France, 69500 Bron, France.
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15
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Chen Q, Beaty RE, Cui Z, Sun J, He H, Zhuang K, Ren Z, Liu G, Qiu J. Brain hemispheric involvement in visuospatial and verbal divergent thinking. Neuroimage 2019; 202:116065. [PMID: 31398434 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemispheric lateralization for creative thinking remains a controversial topic. Early behavioral and neuroimaging research supported right hemisphere dominance in creative thinking, but more recent evidence suggests the left hemisphere plays an equally important role. In addition, the extent to which hemispheric lateralization in specific brain regions relates to individual creative ability, and whether hemispheric dominance relates to distinct task performance, remain poorly understood. Here, using multivariate predictive modeling of resting-state functional MRI data in a large sample of adults (N = 502), we estimated hemispheric segregation and integration for each brain region and investigated these lateralization indices with respect to individual differences in visuospatial and verbal divergent thinking. Our analyses revealed that individual visuospatial divergent thinking performance could be predicted by right-hemispheric segregation within the visual network, sensorimotor network, and some regions within the default mode network. High visuospatial divergent thinking was related to stronger functional connectivity between the visual network, fronto-parietal network, and default mode network within the right hemisphere. In contrast, high verbal divergent thinking performance could be predicted by inter-hemispheric balance within regions mainly involved in complex semantic processing (e.g., lateral temporal cortex and inferior frontal gyrus) and cognitive control processing (e.g., inferior frontal gyrus, middle frontal cortex, and superior parietal lobule). The current study suggests that two distinct forms of functional lateralization support individual differences in visuospatial and verbal divergent thinking. These findings have important implications for our understanding of hemispheric interaction mechanisms of creative thinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunlin Chen
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China; School of Mathematics and Statistics, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Roger E Beaty
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16801, USA
| | - Zaixu Cui
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jiangzhou Sun
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Hong He
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Kaixiang Zhuang
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zhiting Ren
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Guangyuan Liu
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Jiang Qiu
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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Abstract
The human brain is often characterized in terms of a duality, with the left and right brains serving complementary functions, and even individuals are sometimes classified as either "left-brained" or "right-brained." Recent evidence from brain imaging shows that hemispheric asymmetry is multidimensional, comprised of independent lateralized circuits. Cerebral asymmetries, which include handedness, probably arise in phylogenesis through the fissioning of ancestral systems that divided and lateralized with increasing demand for specialization. They also vary between individuals, with some showing absent or reversed asymmetries. It is unlikely that this variation is controlled by a single gene, as sometimes assumed, but depends rather on complex interplay among several, perhaps many, genes. Hemispheric asymmetry has often been regarded as a unique mark of being human, but it has also become evident that behavioral and cerebral asymmetries are not confined to humans, and are widespread among animal species. They nevertheless exist against a fundamental background of bilateral symmetry, suggesting a tradeoff between the two. Individual differences in asymmetry, moreover, are themselves adaptive, contributing to the cognitive and behavioral specializations necessary for societies to operate efficiently.
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Peña J, Sampedro A, Ibarretxe-Bilbao N, Zubiaurre-Elorza L, Ojeda N. Improvement in creativity after transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7116. [PMID: 31068654 PMCID: PMC6506544 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43626-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Creativity has previously been shown to improve after the application of direct and alternating current transcranial stimulation over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). However, previous studies have not tested whether transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) was efficient for this purpose. The aim of this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was to investigate the effect of tRNS on both verbal convergent and (verbal and visual) divergent thinking during left DLPFC tRNS stimulation. Thirty healthy participants were randomly allocated to either a tRNS active group or a sham group. Each session lasted 20 min and the current was set to 1.5 mA (100-500 Hz). Participants' verbal convergent thinking was assessed with the Remote Associates Test (RAT). Verbal and visual divergent thinking were respectively measured by using the Unusual Uses and Picture Completion subtests from the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking. Bootstrapped analysis of variance showed significant differences in the mean change scores between the active tRNS group and the sham group in RAT scores (d = 1.68); unusual uses: fluency (d = 2.29) and originality (d = 1.43); and general creativity (d = 1.45). Visual divergent thinking, in contrast, did not show any significant improvement. Our results suggested that tRNS over the left DLPFC is effective for increasing verbal divergent and convergent thinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Peña
- Department of Methods and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain.
| | - Agurne Sampedro
- Department of Methods and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Naroa Ibarretxe-Bilbao
- Department of Methods and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Leire Zubiaurre-Elorza
- Department of Methods and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Natalia Ojeda
- Department of Methods and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
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Interhemispheric functional connectivity and its relationships with creative problem solving. Neuroreport 2019; 30:415-420. [PMID: 30789389 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Creative problem solving (CPS) is a particular mental process when people solve problems. Findings from previous research, which used functional MRI, showed that CPS could involve specific neural mechanisms. However, few studies have directly explored the changes of interhemispheric resting-state functional connectivity during CPS. Recently, a validated voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) method has been widely used to calculate the interhemispheric resting-state functional connectivity. In this study, we recruited 60 participants and used a revised chunk decomposing task to estimate participants' individual differences during CPS. Then, the VMHC method was used to explore neural correlates underlying individual differences of CPS. Results showed that altered VMHC in the bilateral middle frontal gyrus/precentral gyrus, bilateral hippocampus/insula/amygdala, and bilateral fusiform gyrus/cerebellum/middle occipital gyrus was related to individual differences of CPS. These brain regions reflect the information integration of both hemispheres might be critical for CPS. Therefore, our results may shed light on the neural correlates of CPS.
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Leppanen ML, Lyle KB, Edlin FM, Schäfke VD. Is self-report a valid measure of unimanual object-based task performance? Laterality 2018; 24:538-558. [PMID: 30468107 DOI: 10.1080/1357650x.2018.1550493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Hand preference is commonly measured via self-report using instruments known as handedness inventories. These instruments query which hand subjects use to perform unimanual object-based tasks and also the consistency of usage. Scores reveal which hand people report using most (i.e., which hand is preferred). Some people report highly consistent usage of their preferred hand while others report relatively inconsistent usage. These reports are often assumed to be accurate descriptions of people's actual behavior, but empirical evidence concerning their validity is surprisingly scant. In the present research, subjects completed a handedness inventory on which higher scores indicated more consistent usage of the preferred hand. After a brief filled interval, subjects performed tasks listed on the inventory, spontaneously choosing which hand to use for each task. Subjects who scored higher on the inventory used the preferred hand more often. Subjects were then timed while performing the tasks as fast as they could with each hand. Subjects were faster when using their preferred hand and the magnitude of the preferred hand advantage was positively correlated with self-reported consistency. These results support the validity of inventory scores by showing that they are related to spontaneous hand choice and manual fluency when performing inventory tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus L Leppanen
- a Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences , University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Keith B Lyle
- a Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences , University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Freya M Edlin
- a Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences , University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Vanessa D Schäfke
- b Department of Psychology , University of Hildesheim, Hildesheim, Germany
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Ntolka E, Papadatou-Pastou M. Right-handers have negligibly higher IQ scores than left-handers: Systematic review and meta-analyses. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 84:376-393. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Crespi B, Read S, Hurd P. Segregating polymorphisms of FOXP2 are associated with measures of inner speech, speech fluency and strength of handedness in a healthy population. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2017; 173:33-40. [PMID: 28609679 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We genotyped a healthy population for three haplotype-tagging FOXP2 SNPs, and tested for associations of these SNPs with strength of handedness and questionnaire-based metrics of inner speech characteristics (ISP) and speech fluency (FLU), as derived from the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-BR. Levels of mixed-handedness were positively correlated with ISP and FLU, supporting prior work on these two domains. Genotype for rs7799109, a SNP previously linked with lateralization of left frontal regions underlying language, was associated with degree of mixed handedness and with scores for ISP and FLU phenotypes. Genotype of rs1456031, which has previously been linked with auditory hallucinations, was also associated with ISP phenotypes. These results provide evidence that FOXP2 SNPs influence aspects of human inner speech and fluency that are related to lateralized phenotypes, and suggest that the evolution of human language, as mediated by the adaptive evolution of FOXP2, involved features of inner speech.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Crespi
- Department of Biological Sciences, 8888 University Drive, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Silven Read
- Department of Biological Sciences, 8888 University Drive, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Peter Hurd
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Neuroscience, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2R3, Canada
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Abstract
Hemispheric asymmetry is commonly viewed as a dual system, unique to humans, with the two sides of the human brain in complementary roles. To the contrary, modern research shows that cerebral and behavioral asymmetries are widespread in the animal kingdom, and that the concept of duality is an oversimplification. The brain has many networks serving different functions; these are differentially lateralized, and involve many genes. Unlike the asymmetries of the internal organs, brain asymmetry is variable, with a significant minority of the population showing reversed asymmetries or the absence of asymmetry. This variability may underlie the divisions of labor and the specializations that sustain social life. (JINS, 2017, 23, 710-718).
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Lyle KB, Dombroski BA, Faul L, Hopkins RF, Naaz F, Switala AE, Depue BE. Bimanual coordination positively predicts episodic memory: A combined behavioral and MRI investigation. Brain Cogn 2017; 118:71-79. [PMID: 28800429 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Some people remember events more completely and accurately than other people, but the origins of individual differences in episodic memory are poorly understood. One way to advance understanding is by identifying characteristics of individuals that reliably covary with memory performance. Recent research suggests motor behavior is related to memory performance, with individuals who consistently use a single preferred hand for unimanual actions performing worse than individuals who make greater use of both hands. This research has relied on self-reports of behavior. It is unknown whether objective measures of motor behavior also predict memory performance. Here, we tested the predictive power of bimanual coordination, an important form of manual dexterity. Bimanual coordination, as measured objectively on the Purdue Pegboard Test, was positively related to correct recall on the California Verbal Learning Test-II and negatively related to false recall. Furthermore, MRI data revealed that cortical surface area in right lateral prefrontal regions was positively related to correct recall. In one of these regions, cortical thickness was negatively related to bimanual coordination. These results suggest that individual differences in episodic memory may partially reflect morphological variation in right lateral prefrontal cortex and suggest a relationship between neural correlates of episodic memory and motor behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith B Lyle
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, United States.
| | - Brynn A Dombroski
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, United States
| | - Leonard Faul
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, United States
| | - Robin F Hopkins
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, United States
| | - Farah Naaz
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, United States
| | - Andrew E Switala
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, United States
| | - Brendan E Depue
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, United States; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, United States
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Abstract
Abstract
Creativity plays a role in innovation, development, and health. Recent research has used neuroscientific methods to study originality, novelty, insight, divergent thinking, and other processes related to creative mental activity. Findings indicate that both hemispheres are involved in divergent thinking, which is accompanied by both event-related increases and decreases in the neural activation. Divergent thinking seems to be associated with high neural activation in the central, temporal, and parietal regions, indications of semantic processing and re-combination of semantically related information. Most of the research in this area has been done in the last 10 years, and very likely refining and standardizing DT testing and scoring will lead to additional insights about creativity.
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25
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Pseudoneglect in line bisection judgement is associated with a modulation of right hemispheric spatial attention dominance in right-handers. Neuropsychologia 2017; 94:75-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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26
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Zago L, Petit L, Mellet E, Jobard G, Crivello F, Joliot M, Mazoyer B, Tzourio-Mazoyer N. The association between hemispheric specialization for language production and for spatial attention depends on left-hand preference strength. Neuropsychologia 2016; 93:394-406. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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27
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Beaton AA, Mutinelli S, Corr PJ. Fractionating negative and positive affectivity in handedness: Insights from the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of personality. Laterality 2016; 22:419-444. [DOI: 10.1080/1357650x.2016.1213274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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28
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Streuli JC, Obrist G, Brugger P. Childrens' left-turning preference is not modulated by magical ideation. Laterality 2016; 22:90-104. [PMID: 27221655 DOI: 10.1080/1357650x.2015.1134565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The literature on human turning preferences is inconsistent. While the few studies with children below 14 years of age uniformly describe an overall left-turning (counterclockwise) tendency, a recent Internet study with more than 1500 adults found a right-sided (clockwise) bias. We set out to investigate spontaneous turning behaviour in children age 5-3 years and, based on neuropsychiatric work in adults, also explored a potential association with magical thinking. Findings indicated a clear left-turning preference, independent of a participant's sex and handedness. Whether a child responded a question about the existence of extrasensory communication in the affirmative or not was unrelated to direction and size of turning bias and lateral preference. Our results are consistent with a left-sided turning preference reported for children, but in opposition to the clockwise bias recently described in a large-scale study with adults. Whether they point to a maturational gradient in the preferred direction of spontaneous whole-body rotation or rather to a lack of comparability between measures used in observational versus Internet-based studies remains to be further investigated. Regarding a purported association between body turns and magical thinking, our study is preliminary, as only one single question was used to probe the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürg C Streuli
- a Department of Neurology, Neuropsychology Unit , University Hospital Zürich , Zürich , Switzerland.,b University Children Hospital, University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland.,c Institute of Biomedical Ethics, University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Gina Obrist
- a Department of Neurology, Neuropsychology Unit , University Hospital Zürich , Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Peter Brugger
- a Department of Neurology, Neuropsychology Unit , University Hospital Zürich , Zürich , Switzerland
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29
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Crespi B, Leach E, Dinsdale N, Mokkonen M, Hurd P. Imagination in human social cognition, autism, and psychotic-affective conditions. Cognition 2016; 150:181-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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30
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Abstract
Atypical lateralization for language has been found in schizophrenia, suggesting that language and thought disorders on the schizophrenia spectrum may be due to left hemispheric dysfunction. However, research with those with non-clinical schizotypy has been inconsistent, with some studies finding reduced or reversed language laterality (particularly with positive schizotypal traits), and others finding typical left hemispheric specialization. The aim of the current study was to use both a behavioural (dual reading-finger tapping) task and an functional magnetic resonance imaging lexical decision task to investigate language laterality in a university sample of high- and low-schizotypal adults. Findings revealed no evidence for atypical lateralization in our sample for both overall schizotypy (measured by the Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences) and positive schizotypy (measured by the Unusual Experiences subscale) groups. Our findings provide further evidence that non-clinical schizotypy is not associated with atypical language laterality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haeme R P Park
- a School of Psychology and Centre for Brain Research , The University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Karen E Waldie
- a School of Psychology and Centre for Brain Research , The University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
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31
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Robinson KJ, Hurd PL, Read S, Crespi BJ. The PCSK6 gene is associated with handedness, the autism spectrum, and magical ideation in a non-clinical population. Neuropsychologia 2016; 84:205-12. [PMID: 26921480 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Common polymorphisms in the gene PCSK6, whose protein product mediates the development of brain and body asymmetry through the NODAL pathway, have recently been associated with handedness in three studies, making it a key candidate gene for understanding the developmental and expression of human lateralization. We tested the hypothesis that the PCSK6 VNTR polymorphism rs1053972 influences the expression of handedness and aspects of dimensional schizotypy and autism. For a sample of 709 healthy individuals, rs1053972 genotype was significantly associated with categorical measures of handedness, and with dimensional handedness in subsets of the population with high schizotypy and magical ideation or a lack of strong right-handedness. Both findings showed evidence of stronger or exclusive effects among females, compared to males. Genotypes of PCSK6 also showed significant sex-limited associations with magical ideation, a component of positive schizotypal cognition measured using the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire, and total autism score, measured using the Autism Spectrum Quotient. These results partially replicate previous studies on effects of PCSK6 rs1053972 genetic variation on handedness phenotypes, link the PCSK6 gene with the dimensional expression of neurodevelopmental conditions in healthy individuals, and show that associations of this gene with handedness and psychological phenotypes exhibit evidence of sex-limited effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey J Robinson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Peter L Hurd
- Department of Psychology, and Centre for Neuroscience, University of Alberta, 116 St. and 85 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2R3.
| | - Silven Read
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Bernard J Crespi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6.
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32
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Prichard EC, Christman SD. Need for cognition moderates paranormal beliefs and magical ideation in inconsistent-handers. Laterality 2016; 21:228-42. [DOI: 10.1080/1357650x.2015.1125914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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33
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Porac C. Left-Handers and the Right Mind. Laterality 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-801239-0.00004-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Motor behavior reflects reduced hemispheric asymmetry in the psychosis risk period. Schizophr Res 2016; 170:137-42. [PMID: 26492987 PMCID: PMC4707112 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2015.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A body of work focusing on brain connectivity, language dominance, and motor laterality research suggests that reduced hemispheric asymmetry is a core feature in schizophrenia. However, there is little consensus about whether reduced dominance is present in those at ultrahigh risk (UHR) for psychosis. METHODS A total of 94 demonstrated right-handed neuroleptic free participants (38 UHR and 56 matched healthy controls) were assessed with structured clinical interviews and completed an innovative handwriting task using a digital tablet computer. A laterality quotient (LQ) was calculated using kinematic variables from the participant's left and right hands. A subset of the sample (26 UHR and 29 controls) returned after 12-months to complete clinical interviews in order to examine relationships between handwriting laterality and progression of psychosis risk symptoms. RESULTS The UHR group showed decreased dextrality compared to healthy controls. At the 12-month follow-up, decreased dextrality accounted for 8% of the variance in worsened positive symptoms within the UHR group. CONCLUSION The current results suggest that disrupted cerebral dominance is also present in the ultrahigh risk period and that decreased dextrality may serve as a novel biomarker for the progression of psychosis risk.
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McDowell A, Felton A, Vazquez D, Chiarello C. Neurostructural correlates of consistent and weak handedness. Laterality 2015; 21:348-370. [PMID: 26470000 DOI: 10.1080/1357650x.2015.1096939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Various cognitive differences have been reported between consistent and weak handers, but little is known about the neurobiological factors that may be associated with this distinction. The current study examined cortical structural lateralization and corpus callosum volume in a large, well-matched sample of young adults (N = 164) to explore potential neurostructural bases for this hand group difference. The groups did not differ in corpus callosum volume. However, at the global hemispheric level, weak handers had reduced or absent asymmetries for grey and white matter volume, cortical surface area, thickness, and local gyrification, relative to consistent handers. Group differences were also observed for some regional hemispheric asymmetries, the most prominent of which was reduced or absent gyrification asymmetry for weak handers in a large region surrounding the central sulcus and extending into parietal association cortex. The findings imply that variations in handedness strength are associated with differences in structural lateralization, not only in somatomotor regions, but also in areas associated with high level cognitive control of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra McDowell
- a Department of Psychology , University of California , Riverside , CA , USA
| | - Adam Felton
- a Department of Psychology , University of California , Riverside , CA , USA
| | - David Vazquez
- a Department of Psychology , University of California , Riverside , CA , USA
| | - Christine Chiarello
- a Department of Psychology , University of California , Riverside , CA , USA
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36
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Milenković S, Paunović K. Noise sensitivity, handedness, and the occurrence of high perceived anxiety and depression in young adults. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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37
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Magical ideation associated social cognition in adolescents: signs of a negative facial affect recognition deficit. Compr Psychiatry 2015; 61:90-6. [PMID: 26073064 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies provide evidence for impaired social cognition in schizotypy and its association with negative symptoms. Cognitive features related to magical ideation - a component of the positive dimension of schizotypy - have been less investigated. We aimed to assess social cognitive functioning among adolescents with high magical ideation scores, mainly focusing on face and emotion recognition. METHODS 22 subjects with magical ideation scale scores above the cut off level and 22 controls with lowest scores from among 250 students screened with this scale were included in the study. A face and emotion recognition n-back test, the empathy quotient, theory of mind tests and the Physical Anhedonia Scale were applied to both magical ideation and control groups. RESULTS The magical ideation group performed significantly worse than controls on both face and emotion recognition tests. Emotion recognition performance was found to be affected by memory load, with sadness, among emotions, revealing a difference between the two groups. Empathy and theory of mind tests did not distinguish the magical ideation group from controls. CONCLUSION Our findings provide evidence for a deficit in negative emotion recognition affected by memory load associated with magical ideation in adolescents.
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Colombo B, Bartesaghi N, Simonelli L, Antonietti A. The combined effects of neurostimulation and priming on creative thinking. A preliminary tDCS study on dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:403. [PMID: 26236219 PMCID: PMC4505103 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of prefrontal cortex (PFC) in influencing creative thinking has been investigated by many researchers who, while succeeding in proving an effective involvement of PFC, reported suggestive but sometimes conflicting results. In order to better understand the relationships between creative thinking and brain activation in a more specific area of the PFC, we explored the role of dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC). We devised an experimental protocol using transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS). The study was based on a 3 (kind of stimulation: anodal vs. cathodal vs. sham) × 2 (priming: divergent vs. convergent) design. Forty-five healthy adults were randomly assigned to one stimulation condition. Participants' creativity skills were assessed using the Product Improvement subtest from the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (TTCT). After 20 min of tDCS stimulation, participants were presented with visual images of common objects. Half of the participants were instructed to visualize themselves using the object in an unusual way (divergent priming), whereas the other half were asked to visualize themselves while using the object in a common way (convergent priming). Priming was aimed at inducing participants to adopt different attitudes toward the creative task. Afterwards, participants were asked to describe all of the possible uses of the objects that were presented. Participants' physiological activation was recorded using a biofeedback equipment. Results showed a significant effect of anodal stimulation that enhanced creative performance, but only after divergent priming. Participants showed lower skin temperature values after cathodal stimulation, a finding which is coherent with studies reporting that, when a task is not creative or creative thinking is not prompted, people show lower levels of arousal. Differences in individual levels of creativity as assessed by the Product Improvement test were not influential. The involvement of DLPFC in creativity has been supported, presumably in association to shift of attention modulated by priming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Colombo
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred HeartMilano, Italy
- Division of Education and Human Studies, Champlain CollegeBurlington, VT, USA
| | - Noemi Bartesaghi
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred HeartMilano, Italy
| | - Luisa Simonelli
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred HeartMilano, Italy
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39
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Francks C. Exploring human brain lateralization with molecular genetics and genomics. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2015; 1359:1-13. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clyde Francks
- Language and Genetics Department; Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics; Nijmegen the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior; Radboud University Nijmegen; Nijmegen the Netherlands
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Son S, Kubota M, Miyata J, Fukuyama H, Aso T, Urayama SI, Murai T, Takahashi H. Creativity and positive symptoms in schizophrenia revisited: Structural connectivity analysis with diffusion tensor imaging. Schizophr Res 2015; 164:221-6. [PMID: 25823399 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Both creativity and schizotypy are suggested to be manifestations of the hyperactivation of unusual or remote concepts/words. However, the results of studies on creativity in schizophrenia are diverse, possibly due to the multifaceted aspects of creativity and difficulties of differentiating adaptive creativity from pathological schizotypy/positive symptoms. To date, there have been no detailed studies comprehensively investigating creativity, positive symptoms including delusions, and their neural bases in schizophrenia. In this study, we investigated 43 schizophrenia and 36 healthy participants using diffusion tensor imaging. We used idea, design, and verbal (semantic and phonological) fluency tests as creativity scores and Peters Delusions Inventory as delusion scores. Subsequently, we investigated group differences in every psychological score, correlations between fluency and delusions, and relationships between these scores and white matter integrity using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS). In schizophrenia, idea and verbal fluency were significantly lower in general, and delusion score was higher than in healthy controls, whereas there were no group differences in design fluency. We also found positive correlation between phonological fluency and delusions in schizophrenia. By correlation analyses using TBSS, we found that the anterior part of corpus callosum was the substantially overlapped area, negatively correlated with both phonological fluency and delusion severity. Our results suggest that the anterior interhemispheric dysconnectivity might be associated with executive dysfunction, and disinhibited automatic spreading activation in the semantic network was manifested as uncontrollable phonological fluency or delusions. This dysconnectivity could be one possible neural basis that differentiates pathological positive symptoms from adaptive creativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuraku Son
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Manabu Kubota
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Jun Miyata
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hidenao Fukuyama
- Human Brain Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Aso
- Human Brain Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Urayama
- Human Brain Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Toshiya Murai
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Takahashi
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
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Edlin JM, Leppanen ML, Fain RJ, Hackländer RP, Hanaver-Torrez SD, Lyle KB. On the use (and misuse?) of the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory. Brain Cogn 2015; 94:44-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Beaton AA, Kaack IH, Corr PJ. Handedness and behavioural inhibition system/behavioural activation system (BIS/BAS) scores: A replication and extension of Wright, Hardie, and Wilson (2009). Laterality 2015; 20:585-603. [DOI: 10.1080/1357650x.2015.1016530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Ocklenburg S, Beste C, Arning L. Handedness genetics: considering the phenotype. Front Psychol 2014; 5:1300. [PMID: 25426097 PMCID: PMC4227468 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Ocklenburg
- Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Ruhr-University Bochum Bochum, Germany
| | - Christian Beste
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dresden University of Technology Dresden, Germany
| | - Larissa Arning
- Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr-University Bochum Bochum, Germany
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Mattson MP. Superior pattern processing is the essence of the evolved human brain. Front Neurosci 2014; 8:265. [PMID: 25202234 PMCID: PMC4141622 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2014.00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans have long pondered the nature of their mind/brain and, particularly why its capacities for reasoning, communication and abstract thought are far superior to other species, including closely related anthropoids. This article considers superior pattern processing (SPP) as the fundamental basis of most, if not all, unique features of the human brain including intelligence, language, imagination, invention, and the belief in imaginary entities such as ghosts and gods. SPP involves the electrochemical, neuronal network-based, encoding, integration, and transfer to other individuals of perceived or mentally-fabricated patterns. During human evolution, pattern processing capabilities became increasingly sophisticated as the result of expansion of the cerebral cortex, particularly the prefrontal cortex and regions involved in processing of images. Specific patterns, real or imagined, are reinforced by emotional experiences, indoctrination and even psychedelic drugs. Impaired or dysregulated SPP is fundamental to cognitive and psychiatric disorders. A broader understanding of SPP mechanisms, and their roles in normal and abnormal function of the human brain, may enable the development of interventions that reduce irrational decisions and destructive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Mattson
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program Baltimore, MD, USA ; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD, USA
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45
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Lindell AK. On the interrelation between reduced lateralization, schizotypy, and creativity. Front Psychol 2014; 5:813. [PMID: 25120516 PMCID: PMC4112911 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Annukka K Lindell
- School of Psychological Science, La Trobe University Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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46
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On the other hand: including left-handers in cognitive neuroscience and neurogenetics. Nat Rev Neurosci 2014; 15:193-201. [DOI: 10.1038/nrn3679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Ribolsi M, Lisi G, Di Lorenzo G, Rociola G, Niolu C, Siracusano A. Negative correlation between leftward bias in line bisection and schizotypal features in healthy subjects. Front Psychol 2013; 4:846. [PMID: 24294208 PMCID: PMC3827540 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Recent studies have found a lack of normal pseudoneglect in schizophrenia patients and in their first degree relatives. Similarly, several contributions have reported that measures of schizotypy in the healthy population may be related to signs of right-sided lateralization, but most of these studies differ greatly in methodology (sample size, choice of schizotypy scales, and laterality tasks) and, consequently, the results cannot be compared and so definitive conclusion cannot be drawn. In this study, our purpose is to investigate whether some tasks of spatial attention may be related to different dimensions of schizotypy not only in a larger sample of healthy subjects (HS), but testing the same people with several supposedly related measures several times. Materials and Methods: In the first part of the study (Part I), the performance on “paper and pencil” line bisection (LB) tasks in 205 HS was investigated. Each task was repeated three times. In the second part of the study (Part II), a subgroup of 80 subjects performed a computerized version of the LB test and of the mental number line bisection (MNL) test. In both parts of the study, every subject completed the 74-item version of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) and the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory (EHI). Results: In both parts of the study, high scores on the subscale “magical thinking” of SPQ have resulted in being closely linked to a decreased pseudoneglect as assessed by the LB task. On the contrary, right handedness is related to an increased leftward bias at the same task. No association was found between MNL and the other variables. Discussion: The main finding of this study is that a decreased spatial leftward bias at the LB task correlates with positive schizotypy in the healthy population. This finding supports the hypothesis that a deviation from leftward hemispatial visual preference may be related to the degree of psychosis-like schizotypal signs in non-clinical population and should be investigated as a possible marker of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Ribolsi
- Clinica Psichiatrica, Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata Rome, Italy
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Inaction inertia, the sunk cost effect, and handedness: Avoiding the losses of past decisions. Brain Cogn 2012; 80:192-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2012.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Revised: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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50
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Lyle KB, Chapman LK, Hatton JM. Is handedness related to anxiety? New answers to an old question. Laterality 2012; 18:520-35. [DOI: 10.1080/1357650x.2012.720259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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