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Ozdemir Y, Nakamoto K, Boivin B, Bullock D, Andrews NA, González-Cano R, Costigan M. Quantification of stimulus-evoked tactile allodynia in free moving mice by the chainmail sensitivity test. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1352464. [PMID: 38464715 PMCID: PMC10920263 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1352464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain occurs at epidemic levels throughout the population. Hypersensitivity to touch, is a cardinal symptom of chronic pain. Despite dedicated research for over a century, quantifying this hypersensitivity has remained impossible at scale. To address these issues, we developed the Chainmail Sensitivity Test (CST). Our results show that control mice spend significantly more time on the chainmail portion of the device than mice subject to neuropathy. Treatment with gabapentin abolishes this difference. CST-derived data correlate well with von Frey measurements and quantify hypersensitivity due to inflammation. Our study demonstrates the potential of the CST as a standardized tool for assessing mechanical hypersensitivity in mice with minimal operator input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yildirim Ozdemir
- The Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kazuo Nakamoto
- The Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Bruno Boivin
- The Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Daniel Bullock
- The Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nick A. Andrews
- The Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- In Vivo Scientific Services, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Rafael González-Cano
- The Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Research Center (Neurosciences Institute), Biosanitary Research Institute ibs.GRANADA, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Michael Costigan
- The Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Smith MT. Nonopioid analgesics discovery and the Valley of Death: EMA401 from concept to clinical trial. Pain 2022; 163:S15-S28. [PMID: 35984369 PMCID: PMC10578428 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maree T Smith
- Centre for Integrated Preclinical Drug Development, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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3
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Hargreaves R, Akinsanya K, Ajit SK, Dhruv NT, Driscoll J, Farina P, Gavva N, Gill M, Houghton A, Iyengar S, Jones C, Kavelaars A, Kaykas A, Koroshetz WJ, Laeng P, Laird JM, Lo DC, Luthman J, Munro G, Oshinsky ML, Sittampalam GS, Woller SA, Tamiz AP. Preclinical target validation for non-addictive therapeutics development for pain. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:811-822. [DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2147063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Seena K. Ajit
- Department of Pharmacology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Neel T. Dhruv
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Jamie Driscoll
- National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Peter Farina
- Canaan Partners, Westport, Connecticut, United States
| | - Narender Gavva
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, California, United States
| | - Marie Gill
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | | | - Smriti Iyengar
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Carrie Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Annemieke Kavelaars
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States
| | | | - Walter J. Koroshetz
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Pascal Laeng
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Jennifer M. Laird
- Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Donald C. Lo
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | | | | | - Michael L. Oshinsky
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - G. Sitta Sittampalam
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Sarah A. Woller
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Amir P. Tamiz
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
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Hankerd K, McDonough KE, Wang J, Tang SJ, Chung JM, La JH. Postinjury stimulation triggers a transition to nociplastic pain in mice. Pain 2022; 163:461-473. [PMID: 34285154 PMCID: PMC8669020 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Acute injury-induced pain can transition to chronic nociplastic pain, which predominantly affects women. To facilitate studies on the underlying mechanisms of nociplastic pain, we developed a mouse model in which postinjury thermal stimulation (intermittent 40°C water immersion for 10 minutes at 2 hours postcapsaicin) prolongs capsaicin (ie, experimental injury)-induced transient mechanical hypersensitivity outside of the injury area. Although capsaicin injection alone induced mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity that resolved in ∼7 days (slower recovery in females), the postinjury stimulation prolonged capsaicin-induced mechanical, but not thermal, hypersensitivity up to 3 weeks in both sexes. When postinjury stimulation was given at a lower intensity (30°C) or at later time points (40°C at 1-3 days postcapsaicin), chronification of mechanical hypersensitivity occurred only in females. Similar chronification could be induced by a different postinjury stimulation modality (vibration of paw) or with a different injury model (plantar incision). Notably, the 40°C postinjury stimulation did not prolong capsaicin-induced inflammation in the hind paw, indicating that the prolonged mechanical hypersensitivity in these mice arises without clear evidence of ongoing injury, reflecting nociplastic pain. Although morphine and gabapentin effectively alleviated this persistent mechanical hypersensitivity in both sexes, sexually dimorphic mechanisms mediated the hypersensitivity. Specifically, ongoing afferent activity at the previously capsaicin-injected area was critical in females, whereas activated spinal microglia were crucial in males. These results demonstrate that postinjury stimulation of the injured area can trigger the transition from transient pain to nociplastic pain more readily in females, and sex-dependent mechanisms maintain the nociplastic pain state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kali Hankerd
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
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5
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Borgini M, Mondal P, Liu R, Wipf P. Chemical modulation of Kv7 potassium channels. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:483-537. [PMID: 34046626 PMCID: PMC8128042 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00328j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The rising interest in Kv7 modulators originates from their ability to evoke fundamental electrophysiological perturbations in a tissue-specific manner. A large number of therapeutic applications are, in part, based on the clinical experience with two broad-spectrum Kv7 agonists, flupirtine and retigabine. Since precise molecular structures of human Kv7 channel subtypes in closed and open states have only very recently started to emerge, computational studies have traditionally been used to analyze binding modes and direct the development of more potent and selective Kv7 modulators with improved safety profiles. Herein, the synthetic and medicinal chemistry of small molecule modulators and the representative biological properties are summarized. Furthermore, new therapeutic applications supported by in vitro and in vivo assay data are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Borgini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
| | - Pravat Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
| | - Ruiting Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
| | - Peter Wipf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
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6
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Ferreira MA, Lückemeyer DD, Macedo-Júnior SJ, Schran RG, Silva AM, Prudente AS, Tonello R, Ferreira J. Sex-dependent Cav2.3 channel contribution to the secondary hyperalgesia in a mice model of central sensitization. Brain Res 2021; 1764:147438. [PMID: 33753067 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Central sensitization (CS) is characteristic of difficult to treat painful conditions, such as fibromyalgia and neuropathies and have sexual dimorphism involved. The calcium influx in nociceptive neurons is a key trigger for CS and the role of Cav2.1 and Cav2.2 voltage gated calcium channels (VGCC) in this role were evidenced with the use of ω-agatoxin IVA and ω-agatoxin MVIIA blockers, respectively. However, the participation of the α1 subunit of the voltage-gated channel Cav2.3, which conducts R-type currents, in CS is unknown. Furthermore, the role of sexual differences in painful conditions is still poorly understood. Thus, we investigated the role of Cav2.3 in capsaicin-induced secondary hyperalgesia in mice, which serve as a CS model predictive of the efficacy of novel analgesic drugs. Capsaicin injection in C57BL/6 mice caused secondary hyperalgesia from one to five hours after injection, and the effects were similar in male and female mice. In female but not male mice, intrathecal treatment with the Cav2.3 inhibitor SNX-482 partially and briefly reversed secondary hyperalgesia at a dose (300 pmol/site) that did not cause adverse effects. Moreover, Cav2.3 expression in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and spinal cord was reduced by intrathecal treatment with an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) targeting Cav2.3 in female and male mice. However, ASO treatment was able to provide a robust and durable prevention of secondary hyperalgesia caused by capsaicin in female mice, but not in male mice. Thus, our results demonstrate that Cav2.3 inhibition, especially in female mice, has a relevant impact on a model of CS. Our results provide a proof of concept for Cav2.3 as a molecular target. In addition, the result associated to the role of differences in painful conditions linked to sex opens a range of possibilities to be explored and needs more attention. Thus, the relevance of testing Cav2.3 inhibition or knockdown in clinically relevant pain models is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Amorim Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Débora Denardin Lückemeyer
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Sérgio José Macedo-Júnior
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Centro de Inovação e Ensaios Pré-Clínicos, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Roberta Giusti Schran
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Ana Merian Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Arthur Silveira Prudente
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Instituto Latino-Americano de Ciências da Vida e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana, Foz do Iguaçu, PR, Brazil
| | - Raquel Tonello
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Research Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Juliano Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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7
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Nagakura Y, Miwa M, Yoshida M, Miura R, Tanei S, Tsuji M, Takeda H. Spontaneous pain-associated facial expression and efficacy of clinically used drugs in the reserpine-induced rat model of fibromyalgia. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 864:172716. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Shimodaira T, Mikoshiba S, Taguchi T. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and acetaminophen ameliorate muscular mechanical hyperalgesia developed after lengthening contractions via cyclooxygenase-2 independent mechanisms in rats. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224809. [PMID: 31693705 PMCID: PMC6834261 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and acetaminophen are cyclooxygenase inhibitors commonly used as symptomatic medicines for myofascial pain syndrome. Using the selective inhibitors celecoxib and zaltoprofen, cyclooxygenase-2 has been shown to be involved in the initiation, but not the maintenance, of muscular mechanical hyperalgesia induced by lengthening contractions, which serves as a useful model for the study of myofascial pain syndrome. The effect of other cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, such as acetylsalicylic acid, ibuprofen, loxoprofen sodium, and acetaminophen, on muscular mechanical hyperalgesia during maintenance has not been studied. Here, we examined the analgesic effects of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and acetaminophen on the model. Consistent with previous studies, mechanical withdrawal threshold of the muscle was significantly decreased and reached its lowest level 24 h after lengthening contractions. Celecoxib had no effect on muscular mechanical hyperalgesia, when orally administered 24 h after lengthening contractions. In contrast, acetylsalicylic acid, ibuprofen, loxoprofen sodium, and acetaminophen increased the withdrawal threshold, which had decreased by lengthening contractions, in a dose-dependent manner. These results demonstrate the analgesic actions of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and acetaminophen in the maintenance process of lengthening contraction-induced muscular mechanical hyperalgesia, which may occur through cyclooxygenase-2 independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shigeo Mikoshiba
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Lion Corporation, Odawara, Japan
| | - Toru Taguchi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Kita-ku, Niigata, Japan
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Kita-ku, Niigata, Japan
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9
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Osuma AT, Xu X, Wang Z, Van Camp JA, Freiberg GM. Design and evaluation of pyrazolopyrimidines as KCNQ channel modulators. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:126603. [PMID: 31416667 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Effective treatments of neuropathic pain have been a focus of many discovery programs. KCNQ (kv7) are voltage gated potassium channel openers that have the potential for the treatment of CNS disorders including neuropathic pain. Clinical studies have suggested agents such as Retigabine to be a modulator of pain-like effects such as hyperalgesia and allodynia. In this paper, we describe the discovery and evaluation of a series of novel pyrazolopyrimidines and their affinity for potassium channels KCNQ2/3. These pyrazolopyrimidines have also shown good efficacy in the capsaicin-induced acute and secondary mechanical allodynia model and excellent pharmacokinetic properties, which may be superior to Retigabine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustine T Osuma
- Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, IL 60064-6101, United States.
| | - Xiangdong Xu
- Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, IL 60064-6101, United States
| | - Zhi Wang
- Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, IL 60064-6101, United States
| | | | - Gail M Freiberg
- Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, IL 60064-6101, United States
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Abstract
Nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain is difficult to treat. In this study, we used exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (UCMSC) as a cell-free therapy for nerve injury-induced pain in rats. Isolated UCMSC exosomes range in size from 30 to 160 nm and contain CD63, HSP60, and CD81 exosome markers. After L5/6 spinal nerve ligation surgery, single intrathecal injection of exosomes reversed nerve ligation-induced mechanical and thermal hypersensitivities of right hindpaw of rats at initial and well-developed pain stages. Moreover, continuous intrathecal infusion of exosomes achieved excellent preventive and reversal effects for nerve ligation-induced pain. In immunofluorescent study, lots of Exo-green-labelled exosomes could be found majorly in the ipsilateral L5 spinal dorsal horn, dorsal root ganglion, and peripheral axons, suggesting the homing ability of UCMSC exosomes. They also appeared in the central terminals or cell bodies of IB4, CGRP, and NF200 sensory neurons. In addition, exosome treatment suppressed nerve ligation-induced upregulation of c-Fos, CNPase, GFAP, and Iba1. All these data suggest that the analgesic effects of exosomes may involve their actions on neuron and glial cells. Exosomes also inhibited the level of TNF-α and IL-1β, while enhanced the level of IL-10, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in the ipsilateral L5/6 dorsal root ganglion of nerve-ligated rats, indicating anti-inflammatory and proneurotrophic abilities. Protein analysis revealed the content of vascular endothelial growth factor C, angiopoietin-2, and fibroblast growth factor-2 in the exosomes. In summary, intrathecal infusion of exosomes from UCMSCs may be considered as a novel therapeutic approach for nerve injury-induced pain.
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11
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Marzoli F, Marianecci C, Rinaldi F, Passeri D, Rossi M, Minosi P, Carafa M, Pieretti S. Long-Lasting, Antinociceptive Effects of pH-Sensitive Niosomes Loaded with Ibuprofen in Acute and Chronic Models of Pain. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11020062. [PMID: 30717144 PMCID: PMC6410004 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11020062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ibuprofen is one of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) widely used to treat pain conditions. NSAIDs encounter several obstacles to passing across biological membranes. To overcome these constraints, we decided to study the effects of a new pH-sensitive formulation of niosomes containing Polysorbate 20 derivatized by Glycine and loaded with ibuprofen (NioIbu) in several animal models of pain in mice. We performed two tests commonly used to study acute antinociceptive activity, namely the writhing test and the capsaicin test. Our results demonstrated that NioIbu, administered 2 h before testing, reduced nociception, whereas the free form of ibuprofen was ineffective. In a model of inflammatory pain, hyperalgesia induced by zymosan, NioIbu induced a long-lasting reduction in hyperalgesia in treated mice. In a model of neuropathic pain induced by sciatic nerve chronic constriction, NioIbu reduced both neuropathy-induced allodynia and hyperalgesia. The results obtained in our experiments suggest that pH-sensitive niosomes containing Polysorbate 20 derivatized by Glycine is an effective model for NSAIDs delivery, providing durable antinociceptive effects and reducing the incidence of side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Marzoli
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Carlotta Marianecci
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Federica Rinaldi
- Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (ITT), 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Daniele Passeri
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Marco Rossi
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
- Research Center for Nanotechnology Applied to Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome (CNIS), 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Paola Minosi
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Carafa
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Stefano Pieretti
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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12
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Tumor growth activity of duloxetine in Ehrlich carcinoma in mice. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:525. [PMID: 30064486 PMCID: PMC6069801 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3655-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study was to analyze whether duloxetine influences tumor growth in Ehrlich carcinoma. The mice were administered 5 or 30 mg/kg of duloxetine or saline solution. All animals were inoculated with tumor cells. The tumor progression was evaluated by body weight, abdominal circumference, ascites volume and tumor cell count. The effect of duloxetine on immune response was evaluated by lymphoid cells, nitric oxide (NO) production, arginase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and the spleen immunophenotyping. Results There was no difference between the groups regarding weight, abdominal circumference, ascites volume and number of tumor cells. Duloxetine increased the cells of the inguinal lymph node. There was no difference in the number of cells in the bone marrow and spleen. Ascites SOD activity was greater in Duloxetine groups. There were no differences in the levels of NO, nitrite, and arginase. The number of antibody for CD3 (CD3+), CD4+, CD8+ and CD28+ cells was lower in the duloxetine groups. In conclusion, duloxetine has no direct effect on tumor growth and does not alter immunity. The drug increased the SOD that fights free radicals and led the migration of lymphocytes, suggesting that duloxetine could be used in tumor-bearing individuals. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-018-3655-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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13
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Neuroprotective effect of duloxetine in a mouse model of diabetic neuropathy: Role of glia suppressing mechanisms. Life Sci 2018; 205:113-124. [PMID: 29763613 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) is one of the most frequent complications of diabetes and the current therapies have limited efficacy. This study aimed to study the neuroprotective effect of duloxetine, a serotonin noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (SNRI), in a mouse model of diabetic neuropathy. MAIN METHODS Nine weeks after developing of PDN, mice were treated with either saline or duloxetine (15 or 30 mg/kg) for four weeks. The effect of duloxetine was assessed in terms of pain responses, histopathology of sciatic nerve and spinal cord, sciatic nerve growth factor (NGF) gene expression and on the spinal expression of astrocytes (glial fibrillary acidic protein, GFAP) and microglia (CD11b). KEY FINDINGS The present results highlighted that duloxetine (30 mg/kg) increased the withdrawal threshold in von-Frey test. In addition, both doses of duloxetine prolonged the licking time and latency to jump in the hot-plate test. Moreover, duloxetine administration downregulated the spinal expression of both CD11b and GFAP associated with enhancement in sciatic mRNA expression of NGF. SIGNIFICANCE The current results highlighted that duloxetine provided peripheral and central neuroprotective effects in neuropathic pain is, at least in part, related to its downregulation in spinal astrocytes and microglia. Further, this neuroprotective effect was accompanied by upregulation of sciatic expression of NGF.
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14
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Judge RA, Vasudevan A, Scott VE, Simler GH, Pratt SD, Namovic MT, Putman CB, Aguirre A, Stoll VS, Mamo M, Swann SI, Cassar SC, Faltynek CR, Kage KL, Boyce-Rustay JM, Hobson AD. Design of Aminobenzothiazole Inhibitors of Rho Kinases 1 and 2 by Using Protein Kinase A as a Structure Surrogate. Chembiochem 2018; 19:613-621. [PMID: 29314498 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We describe the design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationships (SARs) of a series of 2-aminobenzothiazole inhibitors of Rho kinases (ROCKs) 1 and 2, which were optimized to low nanomolar potencies by use of protein kinase A (PKA) as a structure surrogate to guide compound design. A subset of these molecules also showed robust activity in a cell-based myosin phosphatase assay and in a mechanical hyperalgesia in vivo pain model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell A Judge
- AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Anil Vasudevan
- AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Victoria E Scott
- AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Gricelda H Simler
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Steve D Pratt
- AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Marian T Namovic
- AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - C Brent Putman
- AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Ana Aguirre
- AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Vincent S Stoll
- AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Mulugeta Mamo
- AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA.,Current address: Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
| | - Steven I Swann
- AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA.,Current address: Takeda Pharmaceuticals, 10410 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Steven C Cassar
- AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | | | - Karen L Kage
- AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA.,Current address: Altor Bioscience, 2810 North Commerce Parkway, Miramar, FL, 33025, USA
| | - Janel M Boyce-Rustay
- AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA.,Current address: Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Adrian D Hobson
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
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15
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Entrena JM, Sánchez-Fernández C, Nieto FR, González-Cano R, Yeste S, Cobos EJ, Baeyens JM. Sigma-1 Receptor Agonism Promotes Mechanical Allodynia After Priming the Nociceptive System with Capsaicin. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37835. [PMID: 27886264 PMCID: PMC5122889 DOI: 10.1038/srep37835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Sigma-1 receptor antagonists promote antinociception in several models of pain, but the effects of sigma-1 agonists on nociception (particularly when the nociceptive system is primed) are not so well characterized; therefore we evaluated the effects of sigma-1 agonists on pain under different experimental conditions. The systemic administration of the selective sigma-1 agonists (+)-pentazocine and PRE-084, as well as the nonselective sigma-1 agonist carbetapentane (used clinically as an antitussive drug), did not alter sensitivity to mechanical stimulation under baseline conditions. However, they greatly promoted secondary mechanical allodynia after priming the nociceptive system with capsaicin. These effects of sigma-1 agonists were consistent in terms potency with the affinities of these drugs for sigma-1 receptors, were reversed by sigma-1 antagonists, and were not observed in sigma-1 knockout mice, indicating that they are sigma-1-mediated. Repeated systemic treatment with PRE-084 induced proallodynic effects even 24 h after treatment completion, but only after the nociceptive system was primed. However, neither the presence of this drug in the organism nor changes in sigma-1 receptor expression in areas involved in pain processing explains its long-term effects, suggesting that sustained sigma-1 agonism induces plastic changes in the nociceptive system that promote nociception.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. M. Entrena
- Institute of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain
- Animal Behavior Research Unit, Scientific Instrumentation Center, University of Granada, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain
- Biosanitary Research Institute, University Hospital Complex of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - C. Sánchez-Fernández
- Institute of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain
- Biosanitary Research Institute, University Hospital Complex of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - F. R. Nieto
- Institute of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain
- Biosanitary Research Institute, University Hospital Complex of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - R. González-Cano
- Institute of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain
- Biosanitary Research Institute, University Hospital Complex of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - S. Yeste
- Drug Discovery and Preclinical Development, Esteve, 08041, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E. J. Cobos
- Institute of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain
- Biosanitary Research Institute, University Hospital Complex of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Teófilo Hernando Institute for Drug Discovery, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - J. M. Baeyens
- Institute of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain
- Biosanitary Research Institute, University Hospital Complex of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
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16
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Asad ABA, Seah S, Baumgartner R, Feng D, Jensen A, Manigbas E, Henry B, Houghton A, Evelhoch JL, Derbyshire SWG, Chin CL. Distinct BOLD fMRI Responses of Capsaicin-Induced Thermal Sensation Reveal Pain-Related Brain Activation in Nonhuman Primates. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156805. [PMID: 27309348 PMCID: PMC4911046 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Approximately 20% of the adult population suffer from chronic pain that is not adequately treated by current therapies, highlighting a great need for improved treatment options. To develop effective analgesics, experimental human and animal models of pain are critical. Topically/intra-dermally applied capsaicin induces hyperalgesia and allodynia to thermal and tactile stimuli that mimics chronic pain and is a useful translation from preclinical research to clinical investigation. Many behavioral and self-report studies of pain have exploited the use of the capsaicin pain model, but objective biomarker correlates of the capsaicin augmented nociceptive response in nonhuman primates remains to be explored. Methodology Here we establish an aversive capsaicin-induced fMRI model using non-noxious heat stimuli in Cynomolgus monkeys (n = 8). BOLD fMRI data were collected during thermal challenge (ON:20 s/42°C; OFF:40 s/35°C, 4-cycle) at baseline and 30 min post-capsaicin (0.1 mg, topical, forearm) application. Tail withdrawal behavioral studies were also conducted in the same animals using 42°C or 48°C water bath pre- and post- capsaicin application (0.1 mg, subcutaneous, tail). Principal Findings Group comparisons between pre- and post-capsaicin application revealed significant BOLD signal increases in brain regions associated with the ‘pain matrix’, including somatosensory, frontal, and cingulate cortices, as well as the cerebellum (paired t-test, p<0.02, n = 8), while no significant change was found after the vehicle application. The tail withdrawal behavioral study demonstrated a significant main effect of temperature and a trend towards capsaicin induced reduction of latency at both temperatures. Conclusions These findings provide insights into the specific brain regions involved with aversive, ‘pain-like’, responses in a nonhuman primate model. Future studies may employ both behavioral and fMRI measures as translational biomarkers to gain deeper understanding of pain processing and evaluate the preclinical efficacy of novel analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Bakar Ali Asad
- Translational Biomarkers, Merck Research Laboratories, MSD, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail:
| | - Stephanie Seah
- Translational Biomarkers, Merck Research Laboratories, MSD, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Richard Baumgartner
- Biometrics Research, Biostatistics & Research Decision Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Rahway, NJ, United States of America
| | - Dai Feng
- Biometrics Research, Biostatistics & Research Decision Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Rahway, NJ, United States of America
| | - Andres Jensen
- Early Discovery Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, MSD, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Brian Henry
- Early Discovery Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, MSD, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrea Houghton
- Early Discovery Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., West Point, PA, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey L. Evelhoch
- Translational Biomarkers, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., West Point, PA, United States of America
| | - Stuart W. G. Derbyshire
- Dept of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- A*STAR-NUS Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chih-Liang Chin
- Translational Biomarkers, Merck Research Laboratories, MSD, Singapore, Singapore
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17
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Reitz MC, Hrncic D, Treede RD, Caspani O. A comparative behavioural study of mechanical hypersensitivity in 2 pain models in rats and humans. Pain 2016; 157:1248-1258. [DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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18
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Nahman-Averbuch H, Sprecher E, Jacob G, Yarnitsky D. The Relationships Between Parasympathetic Function and Pain Perception: The Role of Anxiety. Pain Pract 2016; 16:1064-1072. [PMID: 26878998 DOI: 10.1111/papr.12407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have identified relationships between autonomic function and pain perception. Anxiety was found to influence both autonomic and pain responses. We examined the effect of anxiety level on parasympathetic function and pain perception as well as on the relationships between these 2 systems. METHODS Thirty healthy females were divided into high- and low-anxiety groups according to their trait anxiety levels. Parasympathetic function was obtained using heart rate variability, deep breathing, and Valsalva ratios. Pain perception parameters of heat pain thresholds, pain rating of supra-thresholds stimulus, mechanical temporal summation, and conditioned pain modulation response were examined. RESULTS The low-anxiety and high-anxiety groups exhibited no significant differences in the parasympathetic function and pain perception parameters. Assessment of the associations revealed that in the high-anxiety group, higher mean ratings of the tonic heat pain stimulus were significantly correlated with higher rMSSD (r2 = 0.358, P = 0.019), but this was not found for the low-anxiety group (P = 0.282). In addition, in the high-anxiety group, efficient conditioned pain modulation response was correlated with higher deep breathing ratio (r2 = 0.363, P = 0.023); however, in the low-anxiety group, the correlation did not reach significance (P = 0.109). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the role of anxiety level on the relationships between parasympathetic function and pain perception. We suggest that a situation of high anxiety leads to higher norepinephrine levels that can influence both parasympathetic function and pain perception, thus explaining the significant relationships found between these 2 systems only in subjects with high anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadas Nahman-Averbuch
- The Laboratory of Clinical Neurophysiology, the Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Elliot Sprecher
- The Laboratory of Clinical Neurophysiology, the Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Giris Jacob
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - David Yarnitsky
- The Laboratory of Clinical Neurophysiology, the Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,Department of Neurology, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
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19
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Romero L, Merlos M, Vela JM. Antinociception by Sigma-1 Receptor Antagonists: Central and Peripheral Effects. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2016; 75:179-215. [PMID: 26920013 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There is plenty of evidence supporting the modulatory role of sigma-1 receptors (σ1Rs) in nociception, mainly based on the pain-attenuated phenotype of σ1R knockout mice and on the antinociceptive effect exerted by σ1R antagonists, particularly in nonacute sensitizing conditions involving sustained afferent drive, activity-dependent plasticity/sensitization, and ultimately pain hypersensitivity, as it is the case in chronic pains of different etiology. Antinociceptive effects of σ1R antagonists both when acting alone and in combination with opioids (to enhance opioid analgesia) have been reported at both central and peripheral sites. At the central level, findings at the behavioral (animal pain models), electrophysiological (spinal wind-up recordings), neurochemical (spinal release of neurotransmitters) and molecular (NMDAR function) level supports a role for σ1R antagonists in inhibiting augmented excitability secondary to sustained afferent input. Attenuation of activity-induced plastic changes (central sensitization) following tissue injury/inflammation or nerve damage could thus underlie the central inhibitory effect of σ1R antagonists. Moreover, recent pieces of information confirm the involvement of σ1R in mechanisms regulating pain at the periphery, where σ1Rs are highly expressed, particularly in dorsal root ganglia. Indeed, local peripheral administration of σ1R antagonists reduces inflammatory hyperalgesia. Potentiation of opioid analgesia is also supported, particularly at supraspinal sites and at the periphery, where locally administered σ1R antagonists unmask opioid analgesia. Altogether, whereas σ1R activation is coupled to pain facilitation and inhibition of opioid antinociception, σ1R antagonism inhibits pain hypersensitivity and "releases the brake" enabling opioids to exert enhanced antinociceptive effects, both at the central nervous system and at the periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz Romero
- Drug Discovery and Preclinical Development, ESTEVE, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 4-8, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Merlos
- Drug Discovery and Preclinical Development, ESTEVE, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 4-8, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Miguel Vela
- Drug Discovery and Preclinical Development, ESTEVE, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 4-8, Barcelona, Spain.
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20
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Zhu C, Bannon A, Joshi S. Complete Freund's adjuvant-induced reduction of exploratory activity in a novel environment as an objective nociceptive endpoint for sub-acute inflammatory pain model in rats. Eur J Pain 2015; 19:1527-36. [DOI: 10.1002/ejp.686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C.Z. Zhu
- Neuroscience Research; Research and Development; AbbVie; North Chicago
| | - A.W. Bannon
- Neuroscience Research; Research and Development; AbbVie; North Chicago
| | - S.K. Joshi
- Neuroscience Research; Research and Development; AbbVie; North Chicago
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21
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High-throughput analysis of behavior for drug discovery. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 750:82-9. [PMID: 25592319 PMCID: PMC4552324 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Drug testing with traditional behavioral assays constitutes a major bottleneck in the development of novel therapies. PsychoGenics developed three comprehensive highthroughtput systems, SmartCube®, NeuroCube® and PhenoCube® systems, to increase the efficiency of the drug screening and phenotyping in rodents. These three systems capture different domains of behavior, namely, cognitive, motor, circadian, social, anxiety-like, gait and others, using custom-built computer vision software and machine learning algorithms for analysis. This review exemplifies the use of the three systems and explains how they can advance drug screening with their applications to phenotyping of disease models, drug screening, selection of lead candidates, behavior-driven lead optimization, and drug repurposing.
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22
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Wodarski R, Schuh-Hofer S, Yurek DA, Wafford KA, Gilmour G, Treede RD, Kennedy JD. Development and pharmacological characterization of a model of sleep disruption-induced hypersensitivity in the rat. Eur J Pain 2014; 19:554-66. [PMID: 25195796 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep disturbance is a commonly reported co-morbidity in chronic pain patients, and conversely, disruption of sleep can cause acute and long-lasting hypersensitivity to painful stimuli. The underlying mechanisms of sleep disruption-induced pain hypersensitivity are poorly understood. Confounding factors of previous studies have been the sleep disruption protocols, such as the 'pedestal over water' or 'inverted flower pot' methods, that can cause large stress responses and therefore may significantly affect pain outcome measures. METHODS Sleep disruption was induced by placing rats for 8 h in a slowly rotating cylindrical cage causing arousal via the righting reflex. Mechanical (Von Frey filaments) and thermal (Hargreaves) nociceptive thresholds were assessed, and plasma corticosterone levels were measured (mass spectroscopy). Sleep disruption-induced hypersensitivity was pharmacologically characterized with drugs relevant for pain treatment, including gabapentin (30 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg), Ica-6p (Kv7.2/7.3 potassium channel opener; 10 mg/kg), ibuprofen (30 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg) and amitriptyline (10 mg/kg). RESULTS Eight hours of sleep disruption caused robust mechanical and heat hypersensitivity in the absence of a measurable change in plasma corticosterone levels. Gabapentin had no effect on reduced nociceptive thresholds. Ibuprofen attenuated mechanical thresholds, while Ica-6p and amitriptyline attenuated only reduced thermal nociceptive thresholds. CONCLUSIONS These results show that acute and low-stress sleep disruption causes mechanical and heat hypersensitivity in rats. Mechanical and heat hypersensitivity exhibited differential sensitivity to pharmacological agents, thus suggesting dissociable mechanisms for those two modalities. Ultimately, this model could help identify underlying mechanisms linking sleep disruption and hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Wodarski
- Eli Lilly & Company, Neuroscience Discovery, Erl Wood Manor, Windlesham, UK
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23
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Chu KL, Xu J, Frost J, Li L, Gomez E, Dart MJ, Jarvis MF, Meyer MD, McGaraughty S. A selective α2 B adrenoceptor agonist (A-1262543) and duloxetine modulate nociceptive neurones in the medial prefrontal cortex, but not in the spinal cord of neuropathic rats. Eur J Pain 2014; 19:649-60. [PMID: 25154730 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The noradrenergic system contributes to pain modulation, but the roles of its specific adrenoceptors are still being defined. We have identified a novel, potent (rat EC50 = 4.3 nM) and selective α2B receptor agonist, A-1262543, to further explore this adrenoceptor subtype's contribution to pathological nociception. METHODS Systemic administration of A-1262543 (1-10 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) dose-dependently attenuated mechanical allodynia in animals with a spinal nerve ligation injury. To further explore its mechanism of action, the activity of nociceptive neurones in the spinal cord and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) were examined after injection of 3 mg/kg of A-1262543 (intravenous, i.v.). These effects were compared with duloxetine (3 mg/kg, i.v.), a dual noradrenaline (NA) and serotonin (5-HT) reuptake inhibitor. RESULTS Systemic administration of A-1262543 or duloxetine did not alter the spontaneous or evoked firing of spinal wide dynamic range and nociceptive-specific neurones in the neuropathic rats, indicating that neither compound engaged spinal, peripheral or descending pathways. In contrast to the lack of effect on spinal neurones, both A-1262543 and duloxetine reduced the evoked and spontaneous firing of 'pain-responsive' (PR) neurones in the mPFC. Duloxetine, but not A-1262543, also inhibited the firing of pain non-responsive (nPR) neurones in the mPFC probably reflecting duloxetine's contribution to modulating non-pain endpoints. CONCLUSIONS These data highlight that activation of the α2B adrenoceptor as well as inhibiting NA and 5-HT reuptake can result in modulating the ascending nociceptive system, and in particular, dampening the firing of PR neurones in the mPFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Chu
- Neuroscience Research, AbbVie, North Chicago, USA
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24
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Tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium channels in sensory neurons generate slow resurgent currents that are enhanced by inflammatory mediators. J Neurosci 2014; 34:7190-7. [PMID: 24849353 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.5011-13.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Resurgent sodium currents contribute to the regeneration of action potentials and enhanced neuronal excitability. Tetrodotoxin-sensitive (TTX-S) resurgent currents have been described in many different neuron populations, including cerebellar and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons. In most cases, sodium channel Nav1.6 is the major contributor to these TTX-S resurgent currents. Here we report a novel TTX-resistant (TTX-R) resurgent current recorded from rat DRG neurons. The TTX-R resurgent currents are similar to classic TTX-S resurgent currents in many respects, but not all. As with TTX-S resurgent currents, they are activated by membrane repolarization, inhibited by lidocaine, and enhanced by a peptide-mimetic of the β4 sodium channel subunit intracellular domain. However, the TTX-R resurgent currents exhibit much slower kinetics, occur at more depolarized voltages, and are sensitive to the Nav1.8 blocker A803467. Moreover, coimmunoprecipitation experiments from rat DRG lysates indicate the endogenous sodium channel β4 subunits associate with Nav1.8 in DRG neurons. These results suggest that slow TTX-R resurgent currents in DRG neurons are mediated by Nav1.8 and are generated by the same mechanism underlying TTX-S resurgent currents. We also show that both TTX-S and TTX-R resurgent currents in DRG neurons are enhanced by inflammatory mediators. Furthermore, the β4 peptide increased excitability of small DRG neurons in the presence of TTX. We propose that these slow TTX-R resurgent currents contribute to the membrane excitability of nociceptive DRG neurons under normal conditions and that enhancement of both types of resurgent currents by inflammatory mediators could contribute to sensory neuronal hyperexcitability associated with inflammatory pain.
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25
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Jarvis MF, Scott VE, McGaraughty S, Chu KL, Xu J, Niforatos W, Milicic I, Joshi S, Zhang Q, Xia Z. A peripherally acting, selective T-type calcium channel blocker, ABT-639, effectively reduces nociceptive and neuropathic pain in rats. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 89:536-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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26
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Face-to-face comparison of the predictive validity of two models of neuropathic pain in the rat: analgesic activity of pregabalin, tramadol and duloxetine. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 735:17-25. [PMID: 24726848 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We compared the preclinical analgesic activity of three marketed drugs with different pharmacological properties, pregabalin, tramadol and duloxetine, described as effective against neuropathic pain in the clinic. These drugs were tested against evoked pain in two different neuropathic models in the rat, the Bennett (CCI) and the Chung (SNL) models. The selected endpoints were tactile allodynia, tactile hyperalgesia, heat hyperalgesia and cold allodynia. Although all three drugs displayed analgesic activity, the effects observed varied according to the behavioral evaluation. Pregabalin showed clear analgesic effects against cold allodynia and tactile hyperalgesia in both the CCI and Chung models. Tramadol was active against all four endpoints in the Chung model with similar effects in the CCI model, apart from tactile allodynia. Duloxetine inhibited tactile allodynia and heat hyperalgesia in both neuropathic pain models. It also displayed efficacy against tactile hyperalgesia in the CCI model and against cold allodynia in the Chung model. These data confirm that the CCI and the Chung models of neuropathic pain do not detect the activity of analgesics with the same sensitivity. Furthermore, the mode of stimulation (tactile or thermal) and the type of endpoint (allodynia or hyperalgesia) can further influence the observed efficacy of gold standards as well as novel compounds developed for treating neuropathic pain symptoms.
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27
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Banozic A, Grkovic I, Puljak L, Sapunar D. Behavioral changes following experimentally-induced acute myocardial infarction in rats. Int Heart J 2014; 55:169-77. [PMID: 24632959 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.13-275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Rats with experimentally-induced acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have proven to be a clinically relevant model for visceral pain. As there are no behavioral data available on rats in the postinfarction period, we aimed to identify specific pain-related behavioral changes following AMI to increase the validity of the model. AMI was induced by left coronary artery ligation and pain-related behavior was analyzed using the open field test (OFT) and elevated plus maze (EPM). Morphine was applied following AMI induction to differentiate pain-related changes from those related to nonspecific global changes in responsiveness. AMI was histologically confirmed. Hypolocomotion was consistently evident in all behavioral tests for both the infarcted group and sham group. In the OFT, both AMI and sham rats exhibited less exploratory behavior and less activity. A similar pattern of behavior was observed in EPM, where both surgical groups showed fewer entries to the open arms and spent less time in the open arms. The sham group with an intact pericardium showed the same pattern of activity as control rats. The reduction in activity and rearing observed following AMI was successfully reversed following morphine injection. This effect was abolished after naloxone application allowing us to attribute observed changes specifically to pain.This study demonstrates that pain-related behavior in the acute postinfarction period is generally characterized by reduced mobility and explorative behavior. Our results showed that cardiac ischemia as a consequence of experimentally-induced infarction is a less important source of pain behavior than manipulation of the pericardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Banozic
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Histology, University of Split School of Medicine
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28
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Hirsch SJ, Dickenson AH. Morphine sensitivity of spinal neurons in the chronic constriction injury neuropathic rat pain model. Neurosci Lett 2013; 562:97-101. [PMID: 24128881 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Opioid analgesia involves suppression of neuronal activity in central sensory pathways. We show that the classic opioid morphine reduces spinal neuronal spontaneous and evoked activity after induction of neuropathy by chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve in rats. The minimal effective dose of morphine was 0.3 mg/kg for most response parameters tested. Morphine sensitivity of spinal cord neurons is similar across neuropathic pain models. We therefore conclude that nerve damage per se rather than the experimental model determines the effectiveness of opioids in general and investigate several pain measurement endpoints which might be important to clinically determine morphine's efficacy in neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke J Hirsch
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, CNS Research, 88400 Biberach, Germany.
| | - Anthony H Dickenson
- Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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29
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Synthesis and SAR of 4-aminocyclopentapyrrolidines as orally active N-type calcium channel inhibitors for inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:4857-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.06.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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30
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He SQ, Yang F, Perez FM, Xu Q, Shechter R, Cheong YK, Carteret AF, Dong X, Sweitzer SM, Raja SN, Guan Y. Tolerance develops to the antiallodynic effects of the peripherally acting opioid loperamide hydrochloride in nerve-injured rats. Pain 2013; 154:2477-2486. [PMID: 23880055 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2013.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Peripherally acting opioids are potentially attractive drugs for the clinical management of certain chronic pain states due to the lack of centrally mediated adverse effects. However, it remains unclear whether tolerance develops to peripheral opioid analgesic effects under neuropathic pain conditions. We subjected rats to L5 spinal nerve ligation (SNL) and examined the analgesic effects of repetitive systemic and local administration of loperamide hydrochloride, a peripherally acting opioid agonist. We found that the inhibition of mechanical hypersensitivity, an important manifestation of neuropathic pain, by systemic loperamide (1.5mg/kg subcutaneously) decreased after repetitive drug treatment (tolerance-inducing dose: 0.75 to 6.0mg/kg subcutaneously). Similarly, repeated intraplantar injection of loperamide (150 μg/50 μL intraplantarly) and D-Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Glyol(5) enkephalin (300 μg/50 μL), a highly selective mu-opioid receptor (MOR) agonist, also resulted in decreased inhibition of mechanical hypersensitivity. Pretreatment with naltrexone hydrochloride (5mg/kg intraperitoneally) and MK-801 (0.2mg/kg intraperitoneally) attenuated systemic loperamide tolerance. Western blot analysis showed that repetitive systemic administration of morphine (3mg/kg subcutaneously), but not loperamide (3mg/kg subcutaneously) or saline, significantly increased MOR phosphorylation in the spinal cord of SNL rats. In cultured rat dorsal root ganglion neurons, loperamide dose-dependently inhibited KCl-induced increases in [Ca(2+)]i. However, this drug effect significantly decreased in cells pretreated with loperamide (3 μM, 72 hours). Intriguingly, in loperamide-tolerant cells, the delta-opioid receptor antagonist naltrindole restored loperamide's inhibition of KCl-elicited [Ca(2+)]i increase. Our findings indicate that animals with neuropathic pain may develop acute tolerance to the antiallodynic effects of peripherally acting opioids after repetitive systemic and local drug administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Qiu He
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Ikscan, South Korea Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Hooker B, Tobon G, Baker S, Zhu C, Hesterman J, Schmidt K, Rajagovindan R, Chandran P, Joshi S, Bannon A, Hoppin J, Beaver J, Fox G, Day M, Upadhyay J. Gabapentin-induced pharmacodynamic effects in the spinal nerve ligation model of neuropathic pain. Eur J Pain 2013; 18:223-37. [DOI: 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2013.00364.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B.A. Hooker
- Integrated Science and Technology; Abbvie Inc.; North Chicago USA
| | | | - S.J. Baker
- Integrated Science and Technology; Abbvie Inc.; North Chicago USA
| | - C. Zhu
- Neuroscience Discovery; Abbvie Inc.; North Chicago USA
| | | | | | - R. Rajagovindan
- Integrated Science and Technology; Abbvie Inc.; North Chicago USA
| | - P. Chandran
- Integrated Science and Technology; Abbvie Inc.; North Chicago USA
| | - S.K. Joshi
- Neuroscience Discovery; Abbvie Inc.; North Chicago USA
| | - A.W. Bannon
- Neuroscience Discovery; Abbvie Inc.; North Chicago USA
| | | | - J. Beaver
- Integrated Science and Technology; Abbvie Inc.; North Chicago USA
| | - G.B. Fox
- Integrated Science and Technology; Abbvie Inc.; North Chicago USA
| | - M. Day
- Integrated Science and Technology; Abbvie Inc.; North Chicago USA
| | - J. Upadhyay
- Integrated Science and Technology; Abbvie Inc.; North Chicago USA
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Disturbances in slow-wave sleep are induced by models of bilateral inflammation, neuropathic, and postoperative pain, but not osteoarthritic pain in rats. Pain 2013; 154:1092-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2013.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Cortright DN, Matson DJ, Broom DC. New frontiers in assessing pain and analgesia in laboratory animals. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2013; 3:1099-108. [PMID: 23506182 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.3.9.1099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Translating promising analgesic compounds into reliable pain therapeutics in humans is made particularly challenging by the difficulty in measuring the pain quantitatively. This problem is manifest not only in clinical settings in which patient pain assessments involve mostly subjective measures but also in preclinical settings wherein laboratory animals, most commonly rodents, are typically evaluated in stimulus-evoked response tests. OBJECTIVE Given the limitations of traditional pain tests, we sought out new approaches to measure pain, and analgesia, in laboratory animals. METHODS We reviewed the peer reviewed literature to identify pain tests that could be utilized in preclinical settings to understand the effects of new and established analgesics. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS The tests identified include weight bearing differential, suppression of feeding, reduction in locomotor activity, gait analysis, conditioning models and functional MRI. Although the pharmacology of known and new analgesics has not been broadly established in these models, they hold the promise of better predictive utility for the discovery of pain relievers.
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Hansen RR, Erichsen HK, Brown DT, Mirza NR, Munro G. Positive allosteric modulation of GABA-A receptors reduces capsaicin-induced primary and secondary hypersensitivity in rats. Neuropharmacology 2012; 63:1360-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Nagakura Y, Ishikawa G, Kawasaki-Yatsugi S, Yoshimi E, Takeshita N, Aoki T, Shimizu Y, Ito H. [New methodologies in drug discovery research for analgesic agents: automated measurement of spontaneous pain-associated animal behaviors for alignment of preclinical/clinical endpoints]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2012; 140:211-215. [PMID: 23138318 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.140.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
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36
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Miller TR, Wetter JB, Jarvis MF, Bitner RS. Spinal microglial activation in rat models of neuropathic and osteoarthritic pain: an autoradiographic study using [3H]PK11195. Eur J Pain 2012; 17:692-703. [PMID: 23070996 DOI: 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2012.00232.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microglia serve as macrophage-like cells in the central nervous system, and activation of microglial cells in the spinal cord may contribute to ongoing pain following peripheral trauma or nerve injury. Following pronociceptive stimulation, activated microglia exhibit increased expression of the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR)/translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO). METHODS Using radioligand binding autoradiography and filtration assays, we examined the specific binding of the PBR/TSPO ligand [(3)H]PK11195 in spinal cords from the following rat experimental pain models: neuropathic pain induced by spinal nerve ligation (SNL), osteoarthritic pain induced by intraarticular injection of monosodium iodoacetate in the knee joint (MIA-OA), and subchronic inflammatory pain induced by intraplantar injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). RESULTS Specific [(3)H]PK11195 binding in dorsal and ventral regions of lumbar spinal cord was increased by ≥70% ipsilateral to SNL. Also, specific [(3)H]PK11195 binding in the ipsilateral (injured) lumbar spinal cord was increased by approximately 25% in MIA-OA. In contrast to the data obtained in these chronic neuropathic and nociceptive pain models, specific [(3)H]PK11195 binding in the ipsilateral (injured) dorsal horn was elevated in only one of six CFA rats. Consistent with increased PBR/TSPO binding measured for SNL and MIA-OA rats, increased anti-OX-42 immunostaining of the cell surface microglial marker CD11b was observed in the ipsilateral spinal cord from these models. CONCLUSIONS These studies demonstrate that [(3)H]PK11195 binding assays may serve as a marker of spinal microglial activation in experimental models of chronic neuropathic or osteoarthritic pain, which may be translatable to clinical research through novel applications of PBR/TSPO imaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Miller
- Neuroscience Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, USA.
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Brumfield S, Korakas P, Silverman LS, Tulshian D, Matasi JJ, Qiang L, Bennett CE, Burnett DA, Greenlee WJ, Knutson CE, Wu WL, Sasikumar TK, Domalski M, Bertorelli R, Grilli M, Lozza G, Reggiani A, Li C. Synthesis and SAR development of novel mGluR1 antagonists for the treatment of chronic pain. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:7223-6. [PMID: 23084894 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Revised: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
High throughput screening identified the pyridothienopyrimidinone 1 as a ligand for the metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1=10 nM). Compound 1 has an excellent in vivo profile; however, it displays unfavorable pharmacokinetic issues and metabolic stability. Therefore, using 1 as a template, novel analogues (10i) were prepared. These analogues displayed improved oral exposure and activity in the Spinal Nerve Ligation (SNL) pain model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Brumfield
- Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, MS 2545, Kenilworth, NJ 07033-0539, USA.
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Brenchat A, Zamanillo D, Hamon M, Romero L, Vela JM. Role of peripheral versus spinal 5-HT(7) receptors in the modulation of pain undersensitizing conditions. Eur J Pain 2012; 16:72-81. [PMID: 21843960 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2011.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have suggested that 5-HT(7) receptors are involved in nociceptive processing but the exact contribution of peripheral versus central 5-HT(7) receptors still needs to be elucidated. In the present study, the respective roles of peripheral and spinal 5-HT(7) receptors in the modulation of mechanical hypersensitivity were investigated under two different experimental pain conditions. In a first set of experiments, the selective 5-HT(7) receptor agonist, E-57431, was systemically, intrathecally or peripherally (intraplantarly) administered to rats sensitized by intraplantar injection of capsaicin. Oral administration of E-57431 (1.25-10 mg/kg) was found to exert a clear-cut dose-dependent reduction of capsaicin-induced mechanical hypersensitivity. Interestingly, intrathecal administration of E-57431 (100 μg) also inhibited mechanical hypersensitivity secondary to capsaicin injection. In contrast, a dose-dependent enhancement of capsaicin-induced mechanical hypersensitivity was observed after local intraplantar injection of E-57431 (0.01-1 μg). In a second set of experiments, E-57431 was systemically or intrathecally administered to rats submitted to neuropathic pain (spared nerve injury model). Significant inhibition of nerve injury-induced mechanical hypersensitivity was found after intraperitoneal (10 mg/kg) as well as intrathecal (100 μg) administration of E-57431 in this chronic pain model. These studies provide evidence that, under sensitizing neurogenic/neuropathic conditions, activation of 5-HT(7) receptors exerts antinociceptive effects at the level of the spinal cord and pronociceptive effects at the periphery. The antinociceptive effect mediated by central 5-HT(7) receptors seems to predominate over the pronociceptive effect at the periphery when a selective 5-HT(7) receptor agonist is systemically administered.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Brenchat
- Department of Pharmacology, Drug Discovery and Preclinical Development, ESTEVE. Av. Mare de Déu de Montserrat, 221, 08041, Barcelona, Spain
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Munro G, Storm A, Hansen MK, Dyhr H, Marcher L, Erichsen HK, Sheykhzade M. The combined predictive capacity of rat models of algogen-induced and neuropathic hypersensitivity to clinically used analgesics varies with nociceptive endpoint and consideration of locomotor function. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2012; 101:465-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2012.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Revised: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kawasaki-Yatsugi S, Nagakura Y, Ogino S, Sekizawa T, Kiso T, Takahashi M, Ishikawa G, Ito H, Shimizu Y. Automated measurement of spontaneous pain-associated limb movement and drug efficacy evaluation in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Eur J Pain 2012; 16:1426-36. [DOI: 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2012.00142.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Kawasaki-Yatsugi
- Pharmacology Research Labs; Drug Discovery Research; Astellas Pharma Inc; Ibaraki; Japan
| | - Y. Nagakura
- Pharmacology Research Labs; Drug Discovery Research; Astellas Pharma Inc; Ibaraki; Japan
| | - S. Ogino
- Pharmacology Research Labs; Drug Discovery Research; Astellas Pharma Inc; Ibaraki; Japan
| | - T. Sekizawa
- Pharmacology Research Labs; Drug Discovery Research; Astellas Pharma Inc; Ibaraki; Japan
| | - T. Kiso
- Pharmacology Research Labs; Drug Discovery Research; Astellas Pharma Inc; Ibaraki; Japan
| | - M. Takahashi
- Pharmacology Research Labs; Drug Discovery Research; Astellas Pharma Inc; Ibaraki; Japan
| | - G. Ishikawa
- Pharmacology Research Labs; Drug Discovery Research; Astellas Pharma Inc; Ibaraki; Japan
| | - H. Ito
- Pharmacology Research Labs; Drug Discovery Research; Astellas Pharma Inc; Ibaraki; Japan
| | - Y. Shimizu
- Pharmacology Research Labs; Drug Discovery Research; Astellas Pharma Inc; Ibaraki; Japan
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Berge OG. Predictive validity of behavioural animal models for chronic pain. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 164:1195-206. [PMID: 21371010 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01300.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rodent models of chronic pain may elucidate pathophysiological mechanisms and identify potential drug targets, but whether they predict clinical efficacy of novel compounds is controversial. Several potential analgesics have failed in clinical trials, in spite of strong animal modelling support for efficacy, but there are also examples of successful modelling. Significant differences in how methods are implemented and results are reported means that a literature-based comparison between preclinical data and clinical trials will not reveal whether a particular model is generally predictive. Limited reports on negative outcomes prevents reliable estimate of specificity of any model. Animal models tend to be validated with standard analgesics and may be biased towards tractable pain mechanisms. But preclinical publications rarely contain drug exposure data, and drugs are usually given in high doses and as a single administration, which may lead to drug distribution and exposure deviating significantly from clinical conditions. The greatest challenge for predictive modelling is, however, the heterogeneity of the target patient populations, in terms of both symptoms and pharmacology, probably reflecting differences in pathophysiology. In well-controlled clinical trials, a majority of patients shows less than 50% reduction in pain. A model that responds well to current analgesics should therefore predict efficacy only in a subset of patients within a diagnostic group. It follows that successful translation requires several models for each indication, reflecting critical pathophysiological processes, combined with data linking exposure levels with effect on target.
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Synthesis and evaluation of 2-amido-3-carboxamide thiophene CB₂ receptor agonists for pain management. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:2604-8. [PMID: 22370265 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.01.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Revised: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SAR studies on a series of thiophene amide derivatives provided CB(2) receptor agonists. The activity of the compounds was characterized by radioligand binding determination, multiple functional assays, ADME, and pharmacokinetic studies. A representative compound with selectivity for CB(2) over CB(1) effectively produced analgesia in behavioral models of neuropathic, inflammatory, and postsurgical pain. Control experiments using a CB(2) antagonist demonstrated the efficacy in the pain models resulted from CB(2) agonism.
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Zhu CZ, Mills CD, Hsieh GC, Zhong C, Mikusa J, Lewis LG, Gauvin D, Lee CH, Decker MW, Bannon AW, Rueter LE, Joshi SK. Assessing carrageenan-induced locomotor activity impairment in rats: comparison with evoked endpoint of acute inflammatory pain. Eur J Pain 2012; 16:816-26. [PMID: 22337256 DOI: 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2011.00099.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most animal models currently used to evaluate antinociceptive efficacy of analgesics rely on the assessment of evoked pain behaviours as primary endpoints. METHODS Here, we have developed and characterized the carrageenan-induced locomotor activity impairment (CLAIM) model to objectively assess non-evoked inflammatory pain behaviour in rats. In this model, 100 µL of 1% carrageenan was subcutaneously injected into the plantar aspect of the right hind paw and exploratory behaviour in the novel testing chamber was recorded using an automated locomotor activity system. RESULTS Carrageenan-injected animals exhibited an exploratory behavioural deficit 2-7 h following injection compared to saline-injected animals. The severity of impairment was carrageenan dose related, and sensitive to the light intensity in the testing room. The effects of standard analgesics on CLAIM were examined 2 or 3 h following carrageenan injection. Diclofenac and ibuprofen, in a dose range exerting no effect on locomotor activity in naïve rats, exhibited dose-related reversal of CLAIM (ED(50) = 1.5 and 5.0 mg/kg, respectively), with comparable efficacy on carrageenan-induced thermal hyperalgesia (ED(50) = 2.0 and 6.0 mg/kg, respectively). Gabapentin and duloxetine produced no reversal of CLAIM, or attenuation of thermal hyperalgesia. Efficacy discrepancy was noted for morphine on thermal hyperalgesia and CLAIM. Additionally, amphetamine dose dependently reversed CLAIM, and similarly increased locomotor activity in normal animals. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The results presented here demonstrate that CLAIM provides an objective assessment of non-evoked pain behaviours for acute inflammatory pain. The pharmacological profile of standard analgesics supports that CLAIM model can be used to identify agents to treat acute inflammatory pain in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Z Zhu
- Neuroscience Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, USA.
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44
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Nitecapone reduces development and symptoms of neuropathic pain after spinal nerve ligation in rats1. Eur J Pain 2012; 15:732-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2010.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2010] [Revised: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Doherty GA, Bhatia P, Vortherms TA, Marsh KC, Wetter JM, Mack H, Scott VE, Jarvis MF, Stewart AO. Discovery of diphenyl lactam derivatives as N-type calcium channel blockers. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:1716-8. [PMID: 22277280 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.12.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2011] [Revised: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel series of diphenyl lactam containing calcium channel blockers is described. Extensive SAR studies resulted in compounds with low molar activity and good plasma exposure after oral dosing. Compounds 2, 6 and 7 demonstrated significant efficacy in the capsaicin model of secondary hyperalgesia following oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Doherty
- Abbott Laboratories, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Park, IL 60064, USA.
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46
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Ortega-Álvaro A, Berrocoso E, Rey-Brea R, Leza JC, Mico JA. Comparison of the antinociceptive effects of ibuprofen arginate and ibuprofen in rat models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Life Sci 2012; 90:13-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2011.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Lang Y, Finn DP, Pandit A, Walsh PJ. Pharmacological activity of ibuprofen released from mesoporous silica. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2012; 23:73-80. [PMID: 22105222 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-011-4488-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Novel drug delivery systems (DDS) to improve the pharmacokinetic profile of hydrophobic drugs following oral administration are an area of keen interest in drug research. An ideal DDS should not adversely affect drug activity, be capable of delivering a therapeutic dose of drug, and allow homogenous drug loading and drug release. Mesoporous silica has been proposed for this application, with ibuprofen employed as the model drug. It was hypothesised that mesoporous silica MCM-41 is capable of delivering a pharmacologically therapeutic dose of ibuprofen. Ibuprofen-loaded MCM-41 can be prepared reproducibly at a drug to carrier ratio of 30% (wt/wt). The release profile was seen to be 90% within 2 h. Initial assessment of COX-1 inhibitory activity suggests the absence of adverse effects attributable to drug-carrier interaction. The results of this study provide further evidence in support of the proposed use of mesoporous silica in drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Lang
- Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
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A-1048400 is a novel, orally active, state-dependent neuronal calcium channel blocker that produces dose-dependent antinociception without altering hemodynamic function in rats. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 83:406-18. [PMID: 22153861 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Revised: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Blockade of voltage-gated Ca²⁺ channels on sensory nerves attenuates neurotransmitter release and membrane hyperexcitability associated with chronic pain states. Identification of small molecule Ca²⁺ channel blockers that produce significant antinociception in the absence of deleterious hemodynamic effects has been challenging. In this report, two novel structurally related compounds, A-686085 and A-1048400, were identified that potently block N-type (IC₅₀=0.8 μM and 1.4 μM, respectively) and T-type (IC₅₀=4.6 μM and 1.2 μM, respectively) Ca²⁺ channels in FLIPR based Ca²⁺ flux assays. A-686085 also potently blocked L-type Ca²⁺ channels (EC₅₀=0.6 μM), however, A-1048400 was much less active in blocking this channel (EC₅₀=28 μM). Both compounds dose-dependently reversed tactile allodynia in a model of capsaicin-induced secondary hypersensitivity with similar potencies (EC₅₀=300-365 ng/ml). However, A-686085 produced dose-related decreases in mean arterial pressure at antinociceptive plasma concentrations in the rat, while A-1048400 did not significantly alter hemodynamic function at supra-efficacious plasma concentrations. Electrophysiological studies demonstrated that A-1048400 blocks native N- and T-type Ca²⁺ currents in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons (IC₅₀=3.0 μM and 1.6 μM, respectively) in a voltage-dependent fashion. In other experimental pain models, A-1048400 dose-dependently attenuated nociceptive, neuropathic and inflammatory pain at doses that did not alter psychomotor or hemodynamic function. The identification of A-1048400 provides further evidence that voltage-dependent inhibition of neuronal Ca²⁺ channels coupled with pharmacological selectivity vs. L-type Ca²⁺ channels can provide robust antinociception in the absence of deleterious effects on hemodynamic or psychomotor function.
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Predictive validity of pharmacologic interventions in animal models of neuropathic pain. Scand J Pain 2011; 2:178-184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sjpain.2011.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
The pathophysiologic and neurochemical characteristics of neuropathic pain must be considered in the search for new treatment targets. Breakthroughs in the understanding of the structural and biochemical changes in neuropathy have opened up possibilities to explore new treatment paradigms. However, long term sequels from the damage are still difficult to treat.
Aim of the study
To examine the validity of pharmacological treatments in humans and animals for neuropathic pain.
Method
An overview from the literature and own experiences of pharmacological treatments employed to interfere in pain behavior in different animal models was performed.
Results
The treatment principles tested in animal models of neuropathic pain may have predictive validity for treatment of human neuropathies. Opioids, neurotransmitter blockers, drugs interfering with the prostaglandin syntheses as well as voltage gated sodium channel blockers and calcium channel blockers are treatment principles having efficacy and similar potency in humans and in animals. Alternative targets have been identified and have shown promising results in the validated animal models. Modulators of the glutamate system with an increased expression of glutamate re-uptake transporters, inhibition of pain promoters as nitric oxide and prostaglandins need further exploration. Modulation of cytokines and neurotrophins in neuropathic pain implies new targets for study. Further, a combination of different analgesic treatments may as well improve management of neuropathic pain, changing the benefit/risk ratio.
Implications
Not surprisingly most pharmacologic principles that are tested in animal models of neuropathic pain are also found to be active in humans. Whereas many candidate drugs that were promising in animal models of neuropathic pain turned out not to be effective or too toxic in humans, animal models for neuropathic pain are still the best tools available to learn more about mechanisms of neuropathic pain. Better understanding of pathogenesis is the most hopeful approach to improve treatment of neuropathic pain.
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Mixcoatl-Zecuatl T, Jolivalt CG. A spinal mechanism of action for duloxetine in a rat model of painful diabetic neuropathy. Br J Pharmacol 2011; 164:159-69. [PMID: 21410686 PMCID: PMC3171868 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01334.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Revised: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE This study was designed to clarify mechanisms responsible for the anti-allodynic effects of duloxetine in diabetes. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model was used to compare the efficacy of duloxetine, 5-HT, the 5-HT(2A) receptor agonist [1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane hydrochloride (DOI)] and two antagonists (ketanserin and pruvanserin) on tactile allodynia. KEY RESULTS Systemic or intrathecal injection of duloxetine alleviated tactile allodynia in diabetic rats. The effect of systemic duloxetine was reduced by intrathecal administration of ketanserin or pruvanserin, indicating participation of spinal 5-HT(2A) receptors in the mechanism of action of duloxetine. In contrast to spinal delivery, systemic and local peripheral injections of ketanserin or pruvanserin alleviated tactile allodynia in diabetic rats. This effect was reversed immediately after systemic or local DOI injection. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These results support the involvement of spinal 5-HT(2A) receptors in the ability of duloxetine to ameliorate painful diabetic neuropathy. Our data also suggest that the role of 5-HT(2A) receptors depends on the level of the neuraxis at which activation takes place, with peripheral activation contributing to tactile allodynia in diabetic rats, whereas spinal activation of this receptor alleviates tactile allodynia. The development of selective peripheral 5-HT(2A) receptor antagonists may offer a novel approach for the treatment of diabetic neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Mixcoatl-Zecuatl
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0612, USA
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