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Kopach O, Krotov V, Shysh A, Sotnic A, Viatchenko-Karpinski V, Dosenko V, Voitenko N. Spinal PKCα inhibition and gene-silencing for pain relief: AMPAR trafficking at the synapses between primary afferents and sensory interneurons. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10285. [PMID: 29980697 PMCID: PMC6035211 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28512-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Upregulation of Ca2+-permeable AMPA receptors (CP-AMPARs) in dorsal horn (DH) neurons has been causally linked to persistent inflammatory pain. This upregulation, demonstrated for both synaptic and extrasynaptic AMPARs, depends on the protein kinase C alpha (PKCα) activation; hence, spinal PKC inhibition has alleviated peripheral nociceptive hypersensitivity. However, whether targeting the spinal PKCα would alleviate both pain development and maintenance has not been explored yet (essential to pharmacological translation). Similarly, if it could balance the upregulated postsynaptic CP-AMPARs also remains unknown. Here, we utilized pharmacological and genetic inhibition of spinal PKCα in various schemes of pain treatment in an animal model of long-lasting peripheral inflammation. Pharmacological inhibition (pre- or post-treatment) reduced the peripheral nociceptive hypersensitivity and accompanying locomotive deficit and anxiety in rats with induced inflammation. These effects were dose-dependent and observed for both pain development and maintenance. Gene-therapy (knockdown of PKCα) was also found to relieve inflammatory pain when applied as pre- or post-treatment. Moreover, the revealed therapeutic effects were accompanied with the declined upregulation of CP-AMPARs at the DH synapses between primary afferents and sensory interneurons. Our results provide a new focus on the mechanism-based pain treatment through interference with molecular mechanisms of AMPAR trafficking in central pain pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Kopach
- Department of Sensory Signalling, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Kyiv, Ukraine. .,Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Volodymyr Krotov
- Department of Sensory Signalling, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Angela Shysh
- Department of General and Molecular Pathophysiology, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Andrij Sotnic
- Department of Sensory Signalling, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Viacheslav Viatchenko-Karpinski
- Department of Sensory Signalling, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Kyiv, Ukraine.,The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States
| | - Victor Dosenko
- Department of General and Molecular Pathophysiology, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Kyiv, Ukraine.,Kyiv Academic University, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Nana Voitenko
- Department of Sensory Signalling, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Kyiv, Ukraine. .,Kyiv Academic University, Kyiv, Ukraine.
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Bu F, Tian H, Gong S, Zhu Q, Xu GY, Tao J, Jiang X. Phosphorylation of NR2B NMDA subunits by protein kinase C in arcuate nucleus contributes to inflammatory pain in rats. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15945. [PMID: 26515544 PMCID: PMC4626761 DOI: 10.1038/srep15945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus plays a key role in pain processing. Although it is well known that inhibition of NMDA receptor (NMDAR) in ARC attenuates hyperalgesia induced by peripheral inflammation, the underlying mechanism of NMDAR activation in ARC remains unclear. Protein kinase C (PKC) is involved in several signalling cascades activated in physiological and pathological conditions. Therefore, we hypothesised that upregulation of PKC activates NMDARs in the ARC, thus contributing to inflammatory hyperalgesia. Intra-ARC injection of chelerythrine (CC), a specific PKC inhibitor, attenuated complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) induced thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia in a dose-dependent manner. In vivo extracellular recordings showed that microelectrophoresis of CC or MK-801 (a NMDAR antagonist) significantly reduced the enhancement of spontaneous discharges and pain-evoked discharges of ARC neurons. In addition, CFA injection greatly enhanced the expression of total and phosphorylated PKCγ in the ARC. Interestingly, CFA injection also remarkably elevated the level of phosphorylated NR2B (Tyr1472) without affecting the expression of total NR2B. Importantly, intra-ARC injection of CC reversed the upregulation of phosphorylated NR2B subunits in the ARC. Taken together, peripheral inflammation leads to an activation of NMDARs mediated by PKC activation in the ARC, thus producing thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Bu
- Key Laboratory of Pain Basic Research and Clinical Therapy, Department of Physiology &Neurobiology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
| | - Huiyu Tian
- Key Laboratory of Pain Basic Research and Clinical Therapy, Department of Physiology &Neurobiology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
| | - Shan Gong
- Key Laboratory of Pain Basic Research and Clinical Therapy, Department of Physiology &Neurobiology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
| | - Qi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pain Basic Research and Clinical Therapy, Department of Physiology &Neurobiology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Yin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pain Basic Research and Clinical Therapy, Department of Physiology &Neurobiology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
| | - Jin Tao
- Key Laboratory of Pain Basic Research and Clinical Therapy, Department of Physiology &Neurobiology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
| | - Xinghong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Pain Basic Research and Clinical Therapy, Department of Physiology &Neurobiology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
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Song Z, Guo Q, Zhang J, Li M, Liu C, Zou W. Proteomic analysis of PKCγ-related proteins in the spinal cord of morphine-tolerant rats. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42068. [PMID: 22860055 PMCID: PMC3409149 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Morphine tolerance is a common drawback of chronic morphine exposure, hindering use of this drug. Studies have shown that PKCã may play a key role in the development of morphine tolerance, although the mechanisms are not fully known. Methodology/Principal Findings In a rat model of morphine tolerance, PKCã knockdown in the spinal cord was successfully carried out using RNA interference (RNAi) with lentiviral vector-mediated short hairpin RNA of PKCã (LV-shPKCã). Spinal cords (L4-L5) were obtained surgically from morphine-tolerant (MT) rats with and without PKCã knockdown, for comparative proteomic analysis. Total proteins from the spinal cords (L4-L5) were extracted and separated using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DGE); 2D gel images were analyzed with PDQuest software. Seven differential gel-spots were observed with increased spot volume, and 18 spots observed with decreased spot volume. Among these, 13 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), comparing between MT rats with and without PKCã knockdown. The DEPs identified have roles in the cytoskeleton, as neurotrophic factors, in oxidative stress, in ion metabolism, in cell signaling, and as chaperones. Three DEPs (GFAP, FSCN and GDNF) were validated with Western blot analysis, confirming the DEP data. Furthermore, using immunohistochemical analysis, we reveal for the first time that FSCN is involved in the development of morphine tolerance. Conclusions/Significance These data cast light on the proteins associated with the PKCã activity during morphine tolerance, and hence may contribute to clarification of the mechanisms by which PKCã influences MT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongbin Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qulian Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Maoyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wangyuan Zou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- * E-mail:
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Huang YN, Tsai RY, Lin SL, Chien CC, Cherng CH, Wu CT, Yeh CC, Wong CS. Amitriptyline attenuates astrocyte activation and morphine tolerance in rats: Role of the PSD-95/NR1/nNOS/PKCγ signaling pathway. Behav Brain Res 2012; 229:401-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Revised: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Song Z, Zou W, Liu C, Guo Q. Gene knockdown with lentiviral vector-mediated intrathecal RNA interference of protein kinase C gamma reverses chronic morphine tolerance in rats. J Gene Med 2010; 12:873-80. [PMID: 21105149 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2010] [Revised: 08/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although morphine is a widely used opioid analgesic, morphine tolerance (MT) has limited the use of the drug because it creates the necessity for high doses. Protein kinase C (PKC), especially the PKCγ isoform, is considered to play a key role in the development of MT. Because RNA interference provides a powerful method for the investigation of gene function, and lentiviral delivery systems have been approved for human use, this present study examined rats tolerant to morphine to determine whether an intrathecal injection of a lentiviral vector of PKCγ short hairpin RNA (LV-shPKCγ) down-regulated the expression of the PKCγ gene and reversed MT. METHODS MT was induced by intrathecal morphine (10 µg b.i.d.) for six consecutive days. A lentiviral-mediated short hairpin RNA (shRNA) system was synthesized to deliver the PKCγ shRNAs to the spinal cord of the rats with MT. Mechanical and thermal paw withdrawal threshold were assessed to determine the analgesic effects of morphine. Expression of PKCγ mRNA and protein was determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting analysis, respectively. RESULTS The chronic administration of morphine induced a stabilized analgesic tolerance. A single injection of LV-shPKCγ significantly reversed morphine antinociceptive tolerance. Compared to the control group, PKCγ mRNA and protein levels were dramatically down-regulated in the LV-shPKCγ group. CONCLUSIONS A single injection of LV-shPKCγ reversed MT by reducing the expression of PKCγ in the spinal cord. These findings indicate that the use of LV-shPKCγ might be a potential strategy for therapy in MT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongbin Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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The neuropathy-protective agent acetyl-l-carnitine activates protein kinase C-γ and MAPKs in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Neuroscience 2010; 165:1345-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2009] [Revised: 10/25/2009] [Accepted: 11/10/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Chu J, Zheng H, Zhang Y, Loh HH, Law PY. Agonist-dependent mu-opioid receptor signaling can lead to heterologous desensitization. Cell Signal 2010; 22:684-96. [PMID: 20043990 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2009.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2009] [Revised: 12/07/2009] [Accepted: 12/19/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Desensitization of the micro-opioid receptor (MOR) has been implicated as an important regulatory process in the development of tolerance to opiates. Monitoring the release of intracellular Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)](i)), we reported that [D-Ala(2), N-Me-Phe(4), Gly(5)-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO)-induced receptor desensitization requires receptor phosphorylation and recruitment of beta-arrestins (betaArrs), while morphine-induced receptor desensitization does not. In current studies, we established that morphine-induced MOR desensitization is protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent. By using RNA interference techniques and subtype specific inhibitors, PKCepsilon was shown to be the PKC subtype activated by morphine and the subtype responsible for morphine-induced desensitization. In contrast, DAMGO did not increase PKCepsilon activity and DAMGO-induced MOR desensitization was not affected by modulating PKCepsilon activity. Among the various proteins within the receptor signaling complex, Galphai2 was phosphorylated by morphine-activated PKCepsilon. Moreover, mutating three putative PKC phosphorylation sites, Ser(44), Ser(144) and Ser(302) on Galphai2 to Ala attenuated morphine-induced, but not DAMGO-induced desensitization. In addition, pretreatment with morphine desensitized cannabinoid receptor CB1 agonist WIN 55212-2-induced [Ca(2+)](i) release, and this desensitization could be reversed by pretreating the cells with PKCepsilon inhibitor or overexpressing Galphai2 with the putative PKC phosphorylation sites mutated. Thus, depending on the agonist, activation of MOR could lead to heterologous desensitization and probable crosstalk between MOR and other Galphai-coupled receptors, such as the CB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Chu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, 6-120 Jackson Hall, 321 Church St. S.E., Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0217, USA.
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Abstract
This paper is the thirtieth consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2007 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior, and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia; stress and social status; tolerance and dependence; learning and memory; eating and drinking; alcohol and drugs of abuse; sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology; mental illness and mood; seizures and neurologic disorders; electrical-related activity and neurophysiology; general activity and locomotion; gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions; cardiovascular responses; respiration and thermoregulation; and immunological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd.,Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
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