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de Amorim Ferreira M, Ferreira J. Role of Cav2.3 (R-type) Calcium Channel in Pain and Analgesia: A Scoping Review. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:1909-1922. [PMID: 37581322 PMCID: PMC11284728 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230811102700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) play an important role in pain development and maintenance. As Cav2.2 and Cav3.2 channels have been identified as potential drug targets for analgesics, the participation of Cav2.3 (that gives rise to R-type calcium currents) in pain and analgesia remains incompletely understood. OBJECTIVE Identify the participation of Cav2.3 in pain and analgesia. METHODS To map research in this area as well as to identify any existing gaps in knowledge on the potential role of Cav2.3 in pain signalling, we conducted this scoping review. We searched PubMed and SCOPUS databases, and 40 articles were included in this study. Besides, we organized the studies into 5 types of categories within the broader context of the role of Cav2.3 in pain and analgesia. RESULTS Some studies revealed the expression of Cav2.3 in pain pathways, especially in nociceptive neurons at the sensory ganglia. Other studies demonstrated that Cav2.3-mediated currents could be inhibited by analgesic/antinociceptive drugs either indirectly or directly. Some articles indicated that Cav2.3 modulates nociceptive transmission, especially at the pre-synaptic level at spinal sites. There are studies using different rodent pain models and approaches to reduce Cav2.3 activity or expression and mostly demonstrated a pro-nociceptive role of Cav2.3, despite some contradictory findings and deficiencies in the description of study design quality. There are three studies that reported the association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the Cav2.3 gene (CACNA1E) with postoperative pain and opioid consumption as well as with the prevalence of migraine in patients. CONCLUSION Cav2.3 is a target for some analgesic drugs and has a pro-nociceptive role in pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juliano Ferreira
- Graduate Program of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
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Sun L, Tong CK, Morgenstern TJ, Zhou H, Yang G, Colecraft HM. Targeted ubiquitination of sensory neuron calcium channels reduces the development of neuropathic pain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2118129119. [PMID: 35561213 PMCID: PMC9171802 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2118129119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain caused by lesions to somatosensory neurons due to injury or disease is a widespread public health problem that is inadequately managed by small-molecule therapeutics due to incomplete pain relief and devastating side effects. Genetically encoded molecules capable of interrupting nociception have the potential to confer long-lasting analgesia with minimal off-target effects. Here, we utilize a targeted ubiquitination approach to achieve a unique posttranslational functional knockdown of high-voltage-activated calcium channels (HVACCs) that are obligatory for neurotransmission in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. CaV-aβlator comprises a nanobody targeted to CaV channel cytosolic auxiliary β subunits fused to the catalytic HECT domain of the Nedd4-2 E3 ubiquitin ligase. Subcutaneous injection of adeno-associated virus serotype 9 encoding CaV-aβlator in the hind paw of mice resulted in the expression of the protein in a subset of DRG neurons that displayed a concomitant ablation of CaV currents and also led to an increase in the frequency of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Mice subjected to spare nerve injury displayed a characteristic long-lasting mechanical, thermal, and cold hyperalgesia underlain by a dramatic increase in coordinated phasic firing of DRG neurons as reported by in vivo Ca2+ spike recordings. CaV-aβlator significantly dampened the integrated Ca2+ spike activity and the hyperalgesia in response to nerve injury. The results advance the principle of targeting HVACCs as a gene therapy for neuropathic pain and demonstrate the therapeutic potential of posttranslational functional knockdown of ion channels achieved by exploiting the ubiquitin-proteasome system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Chi-Kun Tong
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Travis J. Morgenstern
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Hang Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Henry M. Colecraft
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
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3
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Biet M, Dansereau M, Sarret P, Dumaine R. The neuronal potassium current I A is a potential target for pain during chronic inflammation. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14975. [PMID: 34405579 PMCID: PMC8371350 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated ion channels play a key role in the action potential (AP) initiation and its propagation in sensory neurons. Modulation of their activity during chronic inflammation creates a persistent pain state. In this study, we sought to determine how peripheral inflammation caused by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) alters the fast sodium (INa ), L-type calcium (ICaL ), and potassium (IK ) currents in primary afferent fibers to increase nociception. In our model, intraplantar administration of CFA induced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia at day 14 post-injection. Using whole-cell patch-clamp recording in dissociated small (C), medium (Aδ), and large-sized (Aβ) rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, we found that CFA prolonged the AP duration and increased the amplitude of the tetrodotoxin-resistant (TTX-r) INa in Aβ fibers. In addition, CFA accelerated the recovery of INa from inactivation in C and Aδ nociceptive fibers but enhanced the late sodium current (INaL ) only in Aδ and Aβ neurons. Inflammation similarly reduced the amplitude of ICaL in each neuronal cell type. Fourteen days after injection, CFA reduced both components of IK (IKdr and IA ) in Aδ fibers. We also found that IA was significantly larger in C and Aδ neurons in normal conditions and during chronic inflammation. Our data, therefore, suggest that targeting the transient potassium current IA represents an efficient way to shift the balance toward antinociception during inflammation, since its activation will selectively decrease the AP duration in nociceptive fibers. Altogether, our data indicate that complex interactions between IK , INa , and ICaL reduce pain threshold by concomitantly enhancing the activity of nociceptive neurons and reducing the inhibitory action of Aβ fibers during chronic inflammation.
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MESH Headings
- Action Potentials
- Animals
- Calcium Channels, L-Type/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Ganglia, Spinal/cytology
- Ganglia, Spinal/metabolism
- Ganglia, Spinal/physiology
- Male
- Neurons, Afferent/drug effects
- Neurons, Afferent/metabolism
- Neurons, Afferent/physiology
- Nociception
- Nociceptive Pain/metabolism
- Nociceptive Pain/physiopathology
- Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Sodium Channel Blockers/pharmacology
- Sodium Channels/metabolism
- Tetrodotoxin/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Biet
- Département de Pharmacologie et PhysiologieInstitut de pharmacologie de SherbrookeCentre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de SherbrookeFaculté de médecine et des Sciences de la SantéUniversité de SherbrookeSherbrookeQuébecCanada
| | - Marc‐André Dansereau
- Département de Pharmacologie et PhysiologieInstitut de pharmacologie de SherbrookeCentre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de SherbrookeFaculté de médecine et des Sciences de la SantéUniversité de SherbrookeSherbrookeQuébecCanada
| | - Philippe Sarret
- Département de Pharmacologie et PhysiologieInstitut de pharmacologie de SherbrookeCentre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de SherbrookeFaculté de médecine et des Sciences de la SantéUniversité de SherbrookeSherbrookeQuébecCanada
| | - Robert Dumaine
- Département de Pharmacologie et PhysiologieInstitut de pharmacologie de SherbrookeCentre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de SherbrookeFaculté de médecine et des Sciences de la SantéUniversité de SherbrookeSherbrookeQuébecCanada
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4
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Li Q, Lu J, Zhou X, Chen X, Su D, Gu X, Yu W. High-Voltage-Activated Calcium Channel in the Afferent Pain Pathway: An Important Target of Pain Therapies. Neurosci Bull 2019; 35:1073-1084. [PMID: 31065935 PMCID: PMC6864004 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-019-00378-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
High-voltage-activated (HVA) Ca2+ channels are widely expressed in the nervous system. They play an important role in pain conduction by participating in various physiological processes such as synaptic transmission, changes in synaptic plasticity, and neuronal excitability. Available evidence suggests that the HVA channel is an important therapeutic target for pain management. In this review, we summarize the changes in different subtypes of HVA channel during pain and present the currently available evidence from the clinical application of HVA channel blockers. We also review novel drugs in various phases of development. Moreover, we discuss the future prospects of HVA channel blockers in order to promote "bench-to-bedside" translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jian Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314000, China
| | - Xiaoxin Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Diansan Su
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xiyao Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Weifeng Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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5
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Morgenstern TJ, Park J, Fan QR, Colecraft HM. A potent voltage-gated calcium channel inhibitor engineered from a nanobody targeted to auxiliary Ca Vβ subunits. eLife 2019; 8:49253. [PMID: 31403402 PMCID: PMC6701945 DOI: 10.7554/elife.49253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibiting high-voltage-activated calcium channels (HVACCs; CaV1/CaV2) is therapeutic for myriad cardiovascular and neurological diseases. For particular applications, genetically-encoded HVACC blockers may enable channel inhibition with greater tissue-specificity and versatility than is achievable with small molecules. Here, we engineered a genetically-encoded HVACC inhibitor by first isolating an immunized llama nanobody (nb.F3) that binds auxiliary HVACC CaVβ subunits. Nb.F3 by itself is functionally inert, providing a convenient vehicle to target active moieties to CaVβ-associated channels. Nb.F3 fused to the catalytic HECT domain of Nedd4L (CaV-aβlator), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, ablated currents from diverse HVACCs reconstituted in HEK293 cells, and from endogenous CaV1/CaV2 channels in mammalian cardiomyocytes, dorsal root ganglion neurons, and pancreatic β cells. In cardiomyocytes, CaV-aβlator redistributed CaV1.2 channels from dyads to Rab-7-positive late endosomes. This work introduces CaV-aβlator as a potent genetically-encoded HVACC inhibitor, and describes a general approach that can be broadly adapted to generate versatile modulators for macro-molecular membrane protein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis J Morgenstern
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, United States
| | - Jinseo Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, United States
| | - Qing R Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, United States
| | - Henry M Colecraft
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, United States.,Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, United States
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6
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Zhu H, Chen W, Liu D, Luo H. The role of metabolism in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis. Metabolism 2019; 93:44-51. [PMID: 30586574 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an immune-mediated autoimmune disease characterized by fibrosis and vascular abnormalities. The cellular and molecular mechanisms remain unclear, and current therapies are limited. Cell metabolism has been shown to play an essential role in cancer survival and tumour invasion as well as in rheumatic diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Although little is known about SSc, cell metabolism may provide new clues for understanding its pathogenesis. In this review, we summarize recent studies of metabolism in SSc and fibrotic disease, specifically focusing on glycolysis, fatty acid metabolism and oxidative stress. We highlight the role of metabolism in fibroblast differentiation and emphasize its potential therapeutic prospects in SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglin Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Weilin Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Luo
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Demartini C, Greco R, Zanaboni AM, Francesconi O, Nativi C, Tassorelli C, Deseure K. Antagonism of Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin Type-1 Channels as a Potential Target for the Treatment of Trigeminal Neuropathic Pain: Study in an Animal Model. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113320. [PMID: 30366396 PMCID: PMC6274796 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential ankyrin type-1 (TRPA1) channels are known to actively participate in different pain conditions, including trigeminal neuropathic pain, whose clinical treatment is still unsatisfactory. The aim of this study was to evaluate the involvement of TRPA1 channels by means of the antagonist ADM_12 in trigeminal neuropathic pain, in order to identify possible therapeutic targets. A single treatment of ADM_12 in rats 4 weeks after the chronic constriction injury of the infraorbital nerve (IoN-CCI) significantly reduced the mechanical allodynia induced in the IoN-CCI rats. Additionally, ADM_12 was able to abolish the increased levels of TRPA1, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP), and cytokines gene expression in trigeminal ganglia, cervical spinal cord, and medulla induced in the IoN-CCI rats. By contrast, no significant differences between groups were seen as regards CGRP and SP protein expression in the pars caudalis of the spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve. ADM_12 also reduced TRP vanilloid type-1 (TRPV1) gene expression in the same areas after IoN-CCI. Our findings show the involvement of both TRPA1 and TRPV1 channels in trigeminal neuropathic pain, and in particular, in trigeminal mechanical allodynia. Furthermore, they provide grounds for the use of ADM_12 in the treatment of trigeminal neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Demartini
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of Integrative Autonomic Systems, Headache Science Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Rosaria Greco
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of Integrative Autonomic Systems, Headache Science Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Anna Maria Zanaboni
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of Integrative Autonomic Systems, Headache Science Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, via Bassi 21, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Oscar Francesconi
- Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff', University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy.
| | - Cristina Nativi
- Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff', University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy.
| | - Cristina Tassorelli
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of Integrative Autonomic Systems, Headache Science Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, via Bassi 21, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Kristof Deseure
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory for Pain Research, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
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8
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Akef HM. Anticancer, antimicrobial, and analgesic activities of spider venoms. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2018; 7:381-395. [PMID: 30090588 PMCID: PMC6060684 DOI: 10.1039/c8tx00022k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Spider venoms are complex mixtures composed of a variety of compounds, including salts, small organic molecules, peptides, and proteins. But, the venom of a few species is dangerous to humans. High levels of chemical diversity make spider venoms attractive subjects for chemical prospecting. Many spider venom components show potential activity against a wide range of human diseases. However, the development of novel venom-derived therapeutics requires an understanding of their mechanisms of action. This review will highlight the structures, activities and the possible mechanisms of action of spider venoms and their components against cancer, microbial infections, and pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan M Akef
- National Organization for Research and Control of Biologicals (NORCB) , Giza , Egypt . ; ; Tel: +20-2-37480478
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9
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Kent AR, Min X, Hogan QH, Kramer JM. Mechanisms of Dorsal Root Ganglion Stimulation in Pain Suppression: A Computational Modeling Analysis. Neuromodulation 2018; 21:234-246. [PMID: 29377442 DOI: 10.1111/ner.12754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The mechanisms of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) stimulation for chronic pain remain unclear. The objective of this work was to explore the neurophysiological effects of DRG stimulation using computational modeling. METHODS Electrical fields produced during DRG stimulation were calculated with finite element models, and were coupled to a validated biophysical model of a C-type primary sensory neuron. Intrinsic neuronal activity was introduced as a 4 Hz afferent signal or somatic ectopic firing. The transmembrane potential was measured along the neuron to determine the effect of stimulation on intrinsic activity across stimulation parameters, cell location/orientation, and membrane properties. RESULTS The model was validated by showing close correspondence in action potential (AP) characteristics and firing patterns when compared to experimental measurements. Subsequently, the model output demonstrated that T-junction filtering was amplified with DRG stimulation, thereby blocking afferent signaling, with cathodic stimulation at amplitudes of 2.8-5.5 × stimulation threshold and frequencies above 2 Hz. This amplified filtering was dependent on the presence of calcium and calcium-dependent small-conductance potassium channels, which produced a hyperpolarization offset in the soma, stem, and T-junction with repeated somatic APs during stimulation. Additionally, DRG stimulation suppressed somatic ectopic activity by hyperpolarizing the soma with cathodic or anodic stimulation at amplitudes of 3-11 × threshold and frequencies above 2 Hz. These effects were dependent on the stem axon being relatively close to and oriented toward a stimulating contact. CONCLUSIONS These results align with the working hypotheses on the mechanisms of DRG stimulation, and indicate the importance of stimulation amplitude, polarity, and cell location/orientation on neuronal responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaoyi Min
- Applied Research, Abbott, Sunnyvale, CA, USA
| | - Quinn H Hogan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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10
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Difference of acute dissociation and 1-day culture on the electrophysiological properties of rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. J Physiol Biochem 2018; 74:207-221. [DOI: 10.1007/s13105-017-0606-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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11
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Thrombospondin-4 divergently regulates voltage-gated Ca2+ channel subtypes in sensory neurons after nerve injury. Pain 2017; 157:2068-2080. [PMID: 27168360 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Loss of high-voltage-activated (HVA) calcium current (ICa) and gain of low-voltage-activated (LVA) ICa after painful peripheral nerve injury cause elevated excitability in sensory neurons. Nerve injury is also accompanied by increased expression of the extracellular matrix glycoprotein thrombospondin-4 (TSP4), and interruption of TSP4 function can reverse or prevent behavioral hypersensitivity after injury. We therefore investigated TSP4 regulation of ICa in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. During depolarization adequate to activate HVA ICa, TSP4 decreases both N- and L-type ICa and the associated intracellular calcium transient. In contrast, TSP4 increases ICa and the intracellular calcium signal after low-voltage depolarization, which we confirmed is due to ICa through T-type channels. These effects are blocked by gabapentin, which ameliorates neuropathic pain by targeting the α2δ1 calcium subunit. Injury-induced changes of HVA and LVA ICa are attenuated in TSP4 knockout mice. In the neuropathic pain model of spinal nerve ligation, TSP4 application did not further regulate ICa of injured DRG neurons. Taken together, these findings suggest that elevated TSP4 after peripheral nerve injury may contribute to hypersensitivity of peripheral sensory systems by decreasing HVA and increasing LVA in DRG neurons by targeting the α2δ1 calcium subunit. Controlling TSP4 overexpression in peripheral sensory neurons may be a target for analgesic drug development for neuropathic pain.
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12
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Kadurin I, Ferron L, Rothwell SW, Meyer JO, Douglas LR, Bauer CS, Lana B, Margas W, Alexopoulos O, Nieto-Rostro M, Pratt WS, Dolphin AC. Proteolytic maturation of α 2δ represents a checkpoint for activation and neuronal trafficking of latent calcium channels. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27782881 PMCID: PMC5092059 DOI: 10.7554/elife.21143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The auxiliary α2δ subunits of voltage-gated calcium channels are extracellular membrane-associated proteins, which are post-translationally cleaved into disulfide-linked polypeptides α2 and δ. We now show, using α2δ constructs containing artificial cleavage sites, that this processing is an essential step permitting voltage-dependent activation of plasma membrane N-type (CaV2.2) calcium channels. Indeed, uncleaved α2δ inhibits native calcium currents in mammalian neurons. By inducing acute cell-surface proteolytic cleavage of α2δ, voltage-dependent activation of channels is promoted, independent from the trafficking role of α2δ. Uncleaved α2δ does not support trafficking of CaV2.2 channel complexes into neuronal processes, and inhibits Ca2+ entry into synaptic boutons, and we can reverse this by controlled intracellular proteolytic cleavage. We propose a model whereby uncleaved α2δ subunits maintain immature calcium channels in an inhibited state. Proteolytic processing of α2δ then permits voltage-dependent activation of the channels, acting as a checkpoint allowing trafficking only of mature calcium channel complexes into neuronal processes. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.21143.001
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Kadurin
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laurent Ferron
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon W Rothwell
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James O Meyer
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Leon R Douglas
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia S Bauer
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Beatrice Lana
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wojciech Margas
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Orpheas Alexopoulos
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Manuela Nieto-Rostro
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wendy S Pratt
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Annette C Dolphin
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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13
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Abstract
Chronic pain is very difficult to treat. Thus, novel analgesics are a critical area of research. Strong pre-clinical evidence supports the analgesic effects of α-conopeptides, Vc1.1 and RgIA, which block α9α10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). However, the analgesic mechanism is controversial. Some evidence supports the block of α9α10 nAChRs as an analgesic mechanism, while other evidence supports the inhibition of N-type CaV (CaV2.2) current via activation of GABAB receptors. Here we reassess the effect of Vc1.1 and RgIA on CaV current in rat sensory neurons. Unlike the previous findings, we found highly variable effects among individual sensory neurons, but on average only minimal inhibition induced by Vc1.1, and no significant effect on the current by RgIA. We also investigated the potential involvement of GABAB receptors in the Vc1.1 induced inhibition, and found no correlation between the size of CaV current inhibition induced by baclofen (GABAB agonist) vs. that induced by Vc1.1. Thus, GABAB receptors are unlikely to mediate the Vc1.1 induced CaV current inhibition. Based on the present findings, CaV current inhibition in dorsal root ganglia is unlikely to be the predominant mechanism by which either Vc1.1 or RgIA induce analgesia. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Better analgesic drugs are desperately needed to help physicians to treat pain. While many pre-clinical studies support the analgesic effects of α-conopeptides, Vc1.1 and RgIA, the mechanism is controversial. The development of improved α-conopeptide analgesics would be greatly facilitated by a complete understanding of the analgesic mechanism. However, we show that we cannot reproduce one of the proposed analgesic mechanisms, which is an irreversible inhibition of CaV current in a majority of sensory neurons.
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Murali SS, Napier IA, Mohammadi SA, Alewood PF, Lewis RJ, Christie MJ. High-voltage-activated calcium current subtypes in mouse DRG neurons adapt in a subpopulation-specific manner after nerve injury. J Neurophysiol 2014; 113:1511-9. [PMID: 25505111 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00608.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in ion channel function and expression are characteristic of neuropathic pain. Voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) are integral for neurotransmission and membrane excitability, but relatively little is known about changes in their expression after nerve injury. In this study, we investigate whether peripheral nerve ligation is followed by changes in the density and proportion of high-voltage-activated (HVA) VGCC current subtypes in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, the contribution of presynaptic N-type calcium channels in evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) recorded from dorsal horn neurons in the spinal cord, and the changes in expression of mRNA encoding VGCC subunits in DRG neurons. Using C57BL/6 mice [8- to 11-wk-old males (n = 91)] for partial sciatic nerve ligation or sham surgery, we performed whole cell patch-clamp recordings on isolated DRG neurons and dorsal horn neurons and measured the expression of all VGCC subunits with RT-PCR in DRG neurons. After nerve injury, the density of P/Q-type current was reduced overall in DRG neurons. There was an increase in the percentage of N-type and a decrease in that of P/Q-type current in medium- to large-diameter neurons. No changes were found in the contribution of presynaptic N-type calcium channels in evoked EPSCs recorded from dorsal horn neurons. The α2δ-1 subunit was upregulated by 1.7-fold and γ-3, γ-2, and β-4 subunits were all downregulated 1.7-fold in injured neurons compared with sham-operated neurons. This comprehensive characterization of HVA VGCC subtypes in mouse DRG neurons after nerve injury revealed changes in N- and P/Q-type current proportions only in medium- to large-diameter neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swetha S Murali
- Discipline of Pharmacology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia;
| | - Ian A Napier
- Discipline of Pharmacology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sarasa A Mohammadi
- Discipline of Pharmacology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul F Alewood
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Richard J Lewis
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - MacDonald J Christie
- Discipline of Pharmacology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Zahratka JA, Williams PDE, Summers PJ, Komuniecki RW, Bamber BA. Serotonin differentially modulates Ca2+ transients and depolarization in a C. elegans nociceptor. J Neurophysiol 2014; 113:1041-50. [PMID: 25411461 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00665.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoamines and neuropeptides modulate neuronal excitability and synaptic strengths, shaping circuit activity to optimize behavioral output. In C. elegans, a pair of bipolar polymodal nociceptors, the ASHs, sense 1-octanol to initiate escape responses. In the present study, 1-octanol stimulated large increases in ASH Ca(2+), mediated by L-type voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels (VGCCs) in the cell soma and L-plus P/Q-type VGCCs in the axon, which were further amplified by Ca(2+) released from intracellular stores. Importantly, 1-octanol-dependent aversive responses were not inhibited by reducing ASH L-VGCC activity genetically or pharmacologically. Serotonin, an enhancer of 1-octanol avoidance, potentiated 1-octanol-dependent ASH depolarization measured electrophysiologically, but surprisingly, decreased the ASH somal Ca(2+) transients. These results suggest that ASH somal Ca(2+) transient amplitudes may not always be predictive of neuronal depolarization and synaptic output. Therefore, although increases in steady-state Ca(2+) can reliably indicate when neurons become active, quantitative relationships between Ca(2+) transient amplitudes and neuronal activity may not be as straightforward as previously anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Zahratka
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Paul D E Williams
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Philip J Summers
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
| | | | - Bruce A Bamber
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
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Chang E, Chen X, Kim M, Gong N, Bhatia S, Luo ZD. Differential effects of voltage-gated calcium channel blockers on calcium channel alpha-2-delta-1 subunit protein-mediated nociception. Eur J Pain 2014; 19:639-48. [PMID: 25158907 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overexpression of the voltage-gated calcium channel (VGCC) alpha-2-delta1 subunit protein (Cav α2 δ1 ) has been shown to cause pain states. However, whether VGCC are involved in pain states driven by abnormal Cav α2 δ1 expression is not known. METHODS Intrathecal injection of N-, P/Q- and L-type VGCC blockers were tested in two models: a transgenic neuronal Cav α2 δ1 overexpression (TG) model with behavioural hypersensitivity and a spinal nerve ligation (SNL) model with Cav α2 δ1 overexpression in sensory pathways and neuropathy pain states. RESULTS The nociceptive response to mechanical stimuli was significantly attenuated in both models with ω-conotoxin GVIA (an N-type VGCC blocker) and nifedipine (an L-type VGCC blocker), in which ω-conotoxin GVIA appeared more potent than nifedipine. Treatments with ω-agatoxin IVA (P-VGCC blocker), but not ω-conotoxin MVIIC (Q-VGCC blocker) had similar potency in the TG model as the N-type VGCC blocker, while both ω-agatoxin IVA and ω-conotoxin MVIIC had minimal effects in the SNL model compared with controls. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that, at the spinal level, N- and L-type VGCC are likely involved in behavioural hypersensitivity states driven by Cav α2 δ1 overexpression. Q-type VGCC has minimal effects in both models. The anti-nociceptive effects of P-type VGCC blocker in the Cav α2 δ1 TG mice, but minimally at the SNL model with presynaptic Cav α2 δ1 up-regulation, suggest that its potential action site(s) is at the post-synaptic and/or supraspinal level. These findings support that N-, L- and P/Q-type VGCC have differential contributions to behavioural hypersensitivity modulated by Cav α2 δ1 dysregulation at the spinal cord level.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Chang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA; Reeve-Irvine Research Center for Spinal Cord Injury, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
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17
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Pan B, Guo Y, Kwok WM, Hogan Q, Wu HE. Sigma-1 receptor antagonism restores injury-induced decrease of voltage-gated Ca2+ current in sensory neurons. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2014; 350:290-300. [PMID: 24891452 PMCID: PMC4109486 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.114.214320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sigma-1 receptor (σ1R), an endoplasmic reticulum-chaperone protein, can modulate painful response after peripheral nerve injury. We have demonstrated that voltage-gated calcium current is inhibited in axotomized sensory neurons. We examined whether σ1R contributes to the sensory dysfunction of voltage-gated calcium channel (VGCC) after peripheral nerve injury through electrophysiological approach in dissociated rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Animals received either skin incision (Control) or spinal nerve ligation (SNL). Both σ1R agonists, (+)pentazocine (PTZ) and DTG [1,3-di-(2-tolyl)guanidine], dose dependently inhibited calcium current (ICa) with Ba(2+) as charge carrier in control sensory neurons. The inhibitory effect of σ1R agonists on ICa was blocked by σ1R antagonist, BD1063 (1-[2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]-4-methylpiperazine dihydrochloride) or BD1047 (N-[2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]-N-methyl-2-(dimethylamino)ethylamine dihydrobromide). PTZ and DTG showed similar effect on ICa in axotomized fifth DRG neurons (SNL L5). Both PTZ and DTG shifted the voltage-dependent activation and steady-state inactivation of VGCC to the left and accelerated VGCC inactivation rate in both Control and axotomized L5 SNL DRG neurons. The σ1R antagonist, BD1063 (10 μM), increases ICa in SNL L5 neurons but had no effect on Control and noninjured fourth lumbar neurons in SNL rats. Together, the findings suggest that activation of σR1 decreases ICa in sensory neurons and may play a pivotal role in pain generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (B.P., Y.G., W.-M.K., Q.H., H.-e.W.); and Department of Anesthesiology, Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (Q.H.)
| | - Yuan Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (B.P., Y.G., W.-M.K., Q.H., H.-e.W.); and Department of Anesthesiology, Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (Q.H.)
| | - Wai-Meng Kwok
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (B.P., Y.G., W.-M.K., Q.H., H.-e.W.); and Department of Anesthesiology, Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (Q.H.)
| | - Quinn Hogan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (B.P., Y.G., W.-M.K., Q.H., H.-e.W.); and Department of Anesthesiology, Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (Q.H.)
| | - Hsiang-en Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (B.P., Y.G., W.-M.K., Q.H., H.-e.W.); and Department of Anesthesiology, Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (Q.H.)
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18
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Kostic S, Pan B, Guo Y, Yu H, Sapunar D, Kwok WM, Hudmon A, Wu HE, Hogan QH. Regulation of voltage-gated Ca(2+) currents by Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in resting sensory neurons. Mol Cell Neurosci 2014; 62:10-8. [PMID: 25064143 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is recognized as a key element in encoding depolarization activity of excitable cells into facilitated voltage-gated Ca(2+) channel (VGCC) function. Less is known about the participation of CaMKII in regulating VGCCs in resting cells. We examined constitutive CaMKII control of Ca(2+) currents in peripheral sensory neurons acutely isolated from dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) of adult rats. The small molecule CaMKII inhibitor KN-93 (1.0μM) reduced depolarization-induced ICa by 16-30% in excess of the effects produced by the inactive homolog KN-92. The specificity of CaMKII inhibition on VGCC function was shown by the efficacy of the selective CaMKII blocking peptide autocamtide-2-related inhibitory peptide in a membrane-permeable myristoylated form, which also reduced VGCC current in resting neurons. Loss of VGCC currents is primarily due to reduced N-type current, as application of mAIP selectively reduced N-type current by approximately 30%, and prior N-type current inhibition eliminated the effect of mAIP on VGCCs, while prior block of L-type channels did not reduce the effect of mAIP on total ICa. T-type currents were not affected by mAIP in resting DRG neurons. Transduction of sensory neurons in vivo by DRG injection of an adeno-associated virus expressing AIP also resulted in a loss of N-type currents. Together, these findings reveal a novel molecular adaptation whereby sensory neurons retain CaMKII support of VGCCs despite remaining quiescent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Kostic
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Anesthesiology, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
| | - Bin Pan
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Anesthesiology, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
| | - Yuan Guo
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Anesthesiology, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
| | - Hongwei Yu
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Anesthesiology, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
| | - Damir Sapunar
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia.
| | - Wai-Meng Kwok
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Anesthesiology, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
| | - Andy Hudmon
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, 950 West Walnut (R2-480), Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Hsiang-En Wu
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Anesthesiology, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
| | - Quinn H Hogan
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Anesthesiology, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Zablocki VA Medical Center, 5000W. National Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53295, USA.
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Hagenston AM, Simonetti M. Neuronal calcium signaling in chronic pain. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 357:407-26. [PMID: 25012522 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1942-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Acute physiological pain, the unpleasant sensory response to a noxious stimulus, is essential for animals and humans to avoid potential injury. Pathological pain that persists after the original insult or injury has subsided, however, not only results in individual suffering but also imposes a significant cost on society. Improving treatments for long-lasting pathological pain requires a comprehensive understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying pain perception and the development of pain chronicity. In this review, we aim to highlight some of the major findings related to the involvement of neuronal calcium signaling in the processes that mediate chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Hagenston
- University of Heidelberg, Neurobiology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany,
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20
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Scamps F, Sangari S, Bowerman M, Rousset M, Bellis M, Cens T, Charnet P. Nerve injury induces a Gem-GTPase-dependent downregulation of P/Q-type Ca2+ channels contributing to neurite plasticity in dorsal root ganglion neurons. Pflugers Arch 2014; 467:351-66. [PMID: 24809506 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-014-1520-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Small RGK GTPases, Rad, Gem, Rem1, and Rem2, are potent inhibitors of high-voltage-activated (HVA) Ca(2+) channels expressed in heterologous expression systems. However, the role of this regulation has never been clearly demonstrated in the nervous system. Using transcriptional analysis, we show that peripheral nerve injury specifically upregulates Gem in mice dorsal root ganglia. Following nerve injury, protein expression was increased in ganglia and peripheral nerve, mostly under its phosphorylated form. This was confirmed in situ and in vitro in dorsal root ganglia sensory neurons. Knockdown of endogenous Gem, using specific small-interfering RNA (siRNA), increased the HVA Ca(2+) current only in the large-somatic-sized neurons. Combining pharmacological analysis of the HVA Ca(2+) currents together with Gem siRNA-transfection of larger sensory neurons, we demonstrate that only the P/Q-type Ca(2+) channels were enhanced. In vitro analysis of Gem affinity to various CaVβx-CaV2.x complexes and immunocytochemical studies of Gem and CaVβ expression in sensory neurons suggest that the specific inhibition of the P/Q channels relies on both the regionalized upregulation of Gem and the higher sensitivity of the endogenous CaV2.1-CaVβ4 pair in a subset of sensory neurons including the proprioceptors. Finally, pharmacological inhibition of P/Q-type Ca(2+) current reduces neurite branching of regenerating axotomized neurons. Taken together, the present results indicate that a Gem-dependent P/Q-type Ca(2+) current inhibition may contribute to general homeostatic mechanisms following a peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédérique Scamps
- Inserm U1051, Institut des Neurosciences, 80 rue Augustin Fliche, 34091, Montpellier, France,
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21
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Huwentoxin-XVI, an analgesic, highly reversible mammalian N-type calcium channel antagonist from Chinese tarantula Ornithoctonus huwena. Neuropharmacology 2014; 79:657-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Abstract
The extensive lengths of neuronal processes necessitate efficient mechanisms for communication with the cell body. Neuronal regeneration after nerve injury requires new transcription; thus, long-distance retrograde signalling from axonal lesion sites to the soma and nucleus is required. In recent years, considerable progress has been made in elucidating the mechanistic basis of this system. This has included the discovery of a priming role for early calcium waves; confirmation of central roles for mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling effectors, the importin family of nucleocytoplasmic transport factors and molecular motors such as dynein; and demonstration of the importance of local translation as a key regulatory mechanism. These recent findings provide a coherent mechanistic framework for axon-soma communication in the injured nerve and shed light on the integration of cytoplasmic and nuclear transport in all eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Rishal
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Mike Fainzilber
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
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23
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Fischer G, Pan B, Vilceanu D, Hogan QH, Yu H. Sustained relief of neuropathic pain by AAV-targeted expression of CBD3 peptide in rat dorsal root ganglion. Gene Ther 2013; 21:44-51. [PMID: 24152582 PMCID: PMC3881029 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2013.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The Ca2+ channel-binding domain 3 (CBD3) peptide, derived from the collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP-2), is a recently discovered voltage-gated Ca2+ channel (VGCC) blocker with a preference for CaV2.2. Rodent administration of CBD3 conjugated to cell penetrating motif TAT (TAT-CBD3) has been shown to reduce pain behavior in inflammatory and neuropathic pain models. However, TAT-CBD3 analgesia has limitations, including short half-life, lack of cellular specificity and undesired potential off-site effects. We hypothesized that these issues could be addressed by expressing CBD3 encoded by high-expression vectors in primary sensory neurons. We constructed an adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector expressing recombinant fluorescent CBD3 peptide and injected it into lumbar dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) of rats before spared nerve injury (SNI). We show that selective expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-CBD3 in lumbar 4 (L4) and L5 DRG neurons and their axonal projections results in effective attenuation of nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain in the SNI model. We conclude that AAV-encoded CBD3 delivered to peripheral sensory neurons through DRG injection may be a valuable approach for exploring the role of presynaptic VGCCs and long-term modulation of neurotransmission, and may also be considered for development as a gene therapy strategy to treat chronic neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Fischer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - B Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - D Vilceanu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Q H Hogan
- 1] Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA [2] Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - H Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Naziroğlu M, Uğuz AC, Ismailoğlu Ö, Çiğ B, Özgül C, Borcak M. Role of TRPM2 cation channels in dorsal root ganglion of rats after experimental spinal cord injury. Muscle Nerve 2013; 48:945-50. [PMID: 23512594 DOI: 10.1002/mus.23844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We sought to determine the contribution of oxidative stress-dependent activation of TRPM2 and L-type voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels (VGCC) in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons of rats after spinal cord injury (SCI). METHODS The rats were divided into 4 groups: control; sham control; SCI; and SCI+nimodipine groups. The neurons of the SCI groups were also incubated with non-specific TRPM2 channel blockers, 2-aminoethoxydiphenylborate (2-APB) and N-(p-amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid (ACA), before H2 O2 stimulation. RESULTS The [Ca(2+) ]i concentrations were higher in the SCI group than in the control groups, although their concentrations were decreased by nimodipine and 2-APB. The H2 O2 -induced TRPM2 current densities in patch-clamp experiments were decreased by ACA and 2-APB incubation. In the nimodipine group, the TRPM2 channels of neurons were not activated by H2 O2 or cumene hydroperoxide. CONCLUSIONS Increased Ca(2+) influx and currents in DRG neurons after spinal injury indicated TRPM2 and voltage-gated Ca(2+) channel activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Naziroğlu
- Department of Biophysics, Medical Faculty, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey; Neuroscience Research Center, Suleyman Demirel University, TR-32260, Isparta, Turkey
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Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Painful behavior testing, whole-cell patch clamp recordings, and PCR analysis were served to test the influence of T-type Ca channels in spinal nerve-injured rats. OBJECTIVE To determine the changes of T-type Ca channels in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons of different sizes and the contribution to neuronal firing and painful behavior in neuropathic pain induced by nerve injury. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA T-type and high-voltage-activated Ca channels play an important role in the transmission of nociceptive signals, especially in neuronal hyperexcitability in neuropathic pain. However, little is known about how nerve injury affects T-type Ca channels in DRG neurons of different sizes. METHODS The effect of intrathecal administration of mibefradil in nerve-ligated rats was examined by painful behavior testing and current clamp. The changes of T-type Ca channels in DRG neurons caused by spinal nerve ligation were determined by RT-PCR analysis and voltage clamp. RESULTS Spinal nerve injury significantly increased current density of T-type Ca channels in small DRG neurons. In addition, nerve injury significantly increased the percentage of T-type Ca channels in medium and large DRG neurons. Nerve injury significantly increased the mRNA levels of Cav3.2 and Cav3.3 in DRGs. Block of T-type Ca channels on mibefradil administration significantly normalized painful behavior and hyperexcitability in neuronal firing in spinal nerve-injured rats. CONCLUSION Our study first indicated the upregulation of functional T-type Ca channels in DRG neurons of different sizes and the changes in different subtypes of T-type Ca channels by spinal nerve injury. Considering the effect of blocking T-type Ca channels in painful behavior and abnormal neuronal firing in rats with nerve injury, our results suggest that T-type Ca channels are potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of spinal nerve ligation-induced neuropathic pain.
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Duncan C, Mueller S, Simon E, Renger JJ, Uebele VN, Hogan QH, Wu HE. Painful nerve injury decreases sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺-ATPase activity in axotomized sensory neurons. Neuroscience 2012; 231:247-57. [PMID: 23219911 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Revised: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA) is a critical pathway by which sensory neurons sequester cytosolic Ca(2+) and thereby maintain intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis. We have previously demonstrated decreased intraluminal endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) concentration in traumatized sensory neurons. Here we examine SERCA function in dissociated sensory neurons using Fura-2 fluorometry. Blocking SERCA with thapsigargin (1 μM) increased resting [Ca(2+)](c) and prolonged recovery (τ) from transients induced by neuronal activation (elevated bath K(+)), demonstrating SERCA contributes to control of resting [Ca(2+)](c) and recovery from transient [Ca(2+)](c) elevation. To evaluate SERCA in isolation, plasma membrane Ca(2+) ATPase was blocked with pH 8.8 bath solution and mitochondrial buffering was avoided by keeping transients small (≤ 400 nM). Neurons axotomized by spinal nerve ligation (SNL) showed a slowed rate of transient recovery compared to control neurons, representing diminished SERCA function, whereas neighboring non-axotomized neurons from SNL animals were unaffected. Injury did not affect SERCA function in large neurons. Repeated depolarization prolonged transient recovery, showing that neuronal activation inhibits SERCA function. These findings suggest that injury-induced loss of SERCA function in small sensory neurons may contribute to the generation of pain following peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Duncan
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Anesthesiology, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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27
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Ca²⁺-dependent regulation of Ca²⁺ currents in rat primary afferent neurons: role of CaMKII and the effect of injury. J Neurosci 2012; 32:11737-49. [PMID: 22915116 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0983-12.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Currents through voltage-gated Ca²⁺ channels (I(Ca)) may be regulated by cytoplasmic Ca²⁺ levels ([Ca²⁺](c)), producing Ca²⁺-dependent inactivation (CDI) or facilitation (CDF). Since I(Ca) regulates sensory neuron excitability, altered CDI or CDF could contribute to pain generation after peripheral nerve injury. We explored this by manipulating [Ca²⁺](c) while recording I(Ca) in rat sensory neurons. In uninjured neurons, elevating [Ca²⁺](c) with a conditioning prepulse (-15 mV, 2 s) inactivated I(Ca) measured during subsequent test pulses (-15 mV, 5 ms). This inactivation was Ca²⁺-dependent (CDI), since it was decreased with elimination of Ca²⁺ influx by depolarization to above the I(Ca) reversal potential, with high intracellular Ca²⁺ buffering (EGTA 10 mm or BAPTA 20 mm), and with substitution of Ba²⁺ for extracellular Ca²⁺, revealing a residual voltage-dependent inactivation. At longer latencies after conditioning (>6 s), I(Ca) recovered beyond baseline. This facilitation also proved to be Ca²⁺-dependent (CDF) using the protocols limiting cytoplasmic Ca²⁺ elevation. Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) blockers applied by bath (KN-93, myristoyl-AIP) or expressed selectively in the sensory neurons (AIP) reduced CDF, unlike their inactive analogues. Protein kinase C inhibition (chelerythrine) had no effect. Selective blockade of N-type Ca²⁺ channels eliminated CDF, whereas L-type channel blockade had no effect. Following nerve injury, CDI was unaffected, but CDF was eliminated in axotomized neurons. Excitability of sensory neurons in intact ganglia from control animals was diminished after a similar conditioning pulse, but this regulation was eliminated by injury. These findings indicate that I(Ca) in sensory neurons is subject to both CDI and CDF, and that hyperexcitability following injury-induced loss of CDF may result from diminished CaMKII activity.
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Yamamoto S, Tanabe M, Ono H. N- and L-Type Voltage-Dependent Ca 2+ Channels Contribute to the Generation of After-Discharges in the Spinal Ventral Root After Cessation of Noxious Mechanical Stimulation. J Pharmacol Sci 2012; 119:82-90. [DOI: 10.1254/jphs.12035fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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