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Zhen H, Zheng M, Song Q, Liu H, Yuan Z, Cao Z, Zhao B. U73122 and m-3M3FBS Regulate the GABAergic Neuron Regeneration via PLCβ in Planarian Dugesia japonica. NEUROCHEM J+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712421040188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Xu S, Hu Y, Cui D, Zhao F, Jiang J, Feng Z, Li C, Li Z, Yang X. Association between the posterior ocular contour pattern and progression of myopia in children: A prospective study based on OCT imaging. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2021; 41:1087-1096. [PMID: 34382246 DOI: 10.1111/opo.12850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to reveal the relationship between the posterior ocular contour and the subsequent progression of myopia in children. METHODS Children aged 8-12 years with myopia received baseline measurements and were instructed to wear their glasses every day and return for a follow-up visit after one year. Axial length and other ocular parameters were measured using a noncontact biometer. The contour of the posterior eye was calculated and analysed based on images from spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Univariate and multivariate linear regression models were created to analyse the relationship between the contour of the posterior eye and the progression of myopia. RESULTS Baseline posterior ocular contour measurements correlated with baseline axial length and spherical equivalent refraction (SER) (all p < 0.05). Eyes that were more myopic tended to have a more prolate posterior ocular contour. Although the baseline contour of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and chorioscleral interface (CSI) showed no significant relationship with the progression of myopia (all p > 0.05), interestingly, when the baseline contour of the RPE was more prolate than that of the CSI, the axial length increased during the following year (R2 = 0.62; p < 0.01). The multivariate model, when adjusted for other variables, further validated the independent role of this variable. CONCLUSIONS The difference between the RPE and CSI contours correlated with the subsequent progression of myopia in children. This finding can help inform clinicians regarding the management of children at the onset of myopia and potentially provide an avenue for experimental research on the mechanism of myopia development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengsong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Opthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Opthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongmei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Opthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Opthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinyun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Opthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhibin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Opthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Opthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhouyue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Opthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Opthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Molagoda IMN, Kavinda MHD, Ryu HW, Choi YH, Jeong JW, Kang S, Kim GY. Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Inhibits α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone-Induced Melanogenesis through GABA A and GABA B Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8257. [PMID: 34361022 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is considered the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the human cortex. However, whether GABA regulates melanogenesis has not been comprehensively elucidated. In this study, we reveal that GABA (20 mM) significantly inhibited α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-induced extracellular (from 354.9% ± 28.4% to 126.5% ± 16.0%) and intracellular melanin contents (from 236.7% ± 11.1% to 102.7% ± 23.1%) in B16F10 melanoma cells, without inducing cytotoxicity. In addition, α-MSH-induced hyperpigmentation in zebrafish larvae was inhibited from 246.3% ± 5.4% to 116.3% ± 3.1% at 40 mM GABA, displaying no apparent cardiotoxicity. We also clarify that the GABA-mediated antimelanogenic properties were related to the direct inhibition of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and tyrosinase expression by inhibiting cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB). Furthermore, under α-MSH stimulation, GABA-related antimelanogenic effects were mediated through the GABAA and GABAB receptors, with subsequent inhibition of Ca2+ accumulation. In B16F10 melanoma cells and zebrafish larvae, pretreatment with bicuculline, a GABAA receptor antagonist, and CGP 46381, a GABAB receptor antagonist, reversed the antimelanogenic effect of GABA following α-MSH treatment by upregulating Ca2+ accumulation. In conclusion, our results indicate that GABA inhibits α-MSH-induced melanogenesis. Hence, in addition to the health benefits of GABA in the central nervous system, it could ameliorate hyperpigmentation disorders.
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Kim HY, Suh PG, Kim JI. The Role of Phospholipase C in GABAergic Inhibition and Its Relevance to Epilepsy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063149. [PMID: 33808762 PMCID: PMC8003358 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is characterized by recurrent seizures due to abnormal hyperexcitation of neurons. Recent studies have suggested that the imbalance of excitation and inhibition (E/I) in the central nervous system is closely implicated in the etiology of epilepsy. In the brain, GABA is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter and plays a pivotal role in maintaining E/I balance. As such, altered GABAergic inhibition can lead to severe E/I imbalance, consequently resulting in excessive and hypersynchronous neuronal activity as in epilepsy. Phospholipase C (PLC) is a key enzyme in the intracellular signaling pathway and regulates various neuronal functions including neuronal development, synaptic transmission, and plasticity in the brain. Accumulating evidence suggests that neuronal PLC is critically involved in multiple aspects of GABAergic functions. Therefore, a better understanding of mechanisms by which neuronal PLC regulates GABAergic inhibition is necessary for revealing an unrecognized linkage between PLC and epilepsy and developing more effective treatments for epilepsy. Here we review the function of PLC in GABAergic inhibition in the brain and discuss a pathophysiological relationship between PLC and epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Yun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea; (H.Y.K.); (P.-G.S.)
| | - Pann-Ghill Suh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea; (H.Y.K.); (P.-G.S.)
- Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu 41062, Korea
| | - Jae-Ick Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea; (H.Y.K.); (P.-G.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-52-217-2458
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Jing Q, Zhang H, Sun X, Xu Y, Cao S, Fang Y, Zhao X, Li C. A Comprehensive Analysis Identified Hub Genes and Associated Drugs in Alzheimer's Disease. Biomed Res Int 2021; 2021:8893553. [PMID: 33506048 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8893553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease among the elderly and has become a growing global health problem causing great concern. However, the pathogenesis of AD is unclear and no specific therapeutics are available to provide the sustained remission of the disease. In this study, we used comprehensive bioinformatics to determine 158 potential genes, whose expression levels changed between the entorhinal and temporal lobe cortex samples from cognitively normal individuals and patients with AD. Then, we clustered these genes in the protein-protein interaction analysis and identified six significant genes that had more biological functions. Besides, we conducted a drug-gene interaction analysis of module genes in the drug-gene interaction database and obtained 26 existing drugs that might be applied for the prevention and treatment of AD. In addition, a predictive model was built based on the selected genes using different machine learning algorithms to identify individuals with AD. These findings may provide new insights into AD therapy.
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Zhang T, Li J, Yu H, Shi Y, Li Z, Wang L, Wang Z, Lu T, Wang L, Yue W, Zhang D. Meta-analysis of GABRB2 polymorphisms and the risk of schizophrenia combined with GWAS data of the Han Chinese population and psychiatric genomics consortium. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198690. [PMID: 29894498 PMCID: PMC5997335 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a severe psychiatric disorder with evidence of a strong genetic component in the complex etiologies. Some studies indicated that gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptor β2 subunit gene (GABRB2) was associated with SCZ. Other studies reported a negative association. Moreover, the results of two previous meta-analyses of GABRB2 with SCZ were inconsistent and the sample sizes were limited. Therefore, an updated meta-analysis combined with genome-wide association study (GWAS) data of the Han Chinese population and Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) was performed. Available case–control and family-based genetic data were extracted from association studies, and the GWAS data were included. The findings showed no association between six single-nucleotide polymorphisms of GABRB2 (rs6556547, rs1816071, rs1816072, rs194072, rs252944, and rs187269) and SCZ in a total of 51,491 patients and 74,667 controls. The ethnic subgroup analysis revealed no significant association in Asian populations. Since the PGC data of SCZ (SCZ-PGC, 2014) contained 3 studies of Asian populations (1866 patients and 3418 controls), only the data of European samples in SCZ-PGC were used for the meta-analysis of the Caucasian population in the present study. The result still showed no association in the Caucasian population. In conclusion, the present meta-analysis on combined data from GWASs of the Han Chinese population and PGC suggested that GABRB2 polymorphisms might not be associated with SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zhang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Jun Li
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Yongyong Shi
- Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University (Qingdao Branch of SJTU Bio-X Institutes), Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Social Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Neuropsychiatric Science and Systems Biological Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Psychiatry, First Teaching Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University (Qingdao Branch of SJTU Bio-X Institutes), Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Social Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Neuropsychiatric Science and Systems Biological Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linyan Wang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Ziqi Wang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Tianlan Lu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Lifang Wang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (LW); (WY); (DZ)
| | - Weihua Yue
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (LW); (WY); (DZ)
| | - Dai Zhang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (LW); (WY); (DZ)
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Chen SY, Hsu YM, Lin YJ, Huang YC, Chen CJ, Lin WD, Liao WL, Chen YT, Lin WY, Liu YH, Yang JS, Sheu JC, Tsai FJ. Current concepts regarding developmental mechanisms in diabetic retinopathy in Taiwan. Biomedicine (Taipei) 2016; 6:7. [PMID: 27154195 PMCID: PMC4859317 DOI: 10.7603/s40681-016-0007-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most feared complications of diabetes and is a leading cause of acquired blindness in working adults. The prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes in Taiwan is about 4%, and the annual incidence of T2D (Type 2 Diabetes) in Taiwan is 1.8% following the 1985 WHO criteria. Multiple mechanisms have been shown in T2DR with some signaling pathways, including the polyol pathway, PKC pathway, AGEs pathway, and MAPK pathway. However, the cause of vision loss in diabetic retinopathy is complex and remains incompletely understood. Herein, we try to fully understand the new concepts regarding hyperglycemia-induced biochemical pathways contributing to DR pathophysiology. Our work may be able to provide new strategies for the prevention and treatment of diabetic vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Yin Chen
- Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2 Yuh Der Road, 404, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, 404, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Man Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, 404, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ju Lin
- Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2 Yuh Der Road, 404, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, 404, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuen Huang
- Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2 Yuh Der Road, 404, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, 404, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Jung Chen
- Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2 Yuh Der Road, 404, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, 404, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-De Lin
- Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2 Yuh Der Road, 404, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, 404, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Lin Liao
- Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2 Yuh Der Road, 404, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, 404, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yng-Tay Chen
- Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2 Yuh Der Road, 404, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, 404, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yong Lin
- Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2 Yuh Der Road, 404, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, 404, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Huei Liu
- Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2 Yuh Der Road, 404, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, 404, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jai-Sing Yang
- Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2 Yuh Der Road, 404, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jinn-Chyuan Sheu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, 804, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2 Yuh Der Road, 404, Taichung, Taiwan.
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, 404, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University Hospital, 404, Taichung, Taiwan.
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