1
|
Yan S, Ji J, Zhang Z, Imam M, Chen H, Zhang D, Wang J. Targeting the crosstalk between estrogen receptors and membrane growth factor receptors in breast cancer treatment: Advances and opportunities. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116615. [PMID: 38663101 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Estrogens play a critical role in the initiation and progression of breast cancer. Estrogen receptor (ER)α, ERβ, and G protein-coupled estrogen receptor are the primary receptors for estrogen in breast cancer. These receptors are mainly activated by binding with estrogens. The crosstalk between ERs and membrane growth factor receptors creates additional pathways that amplify the effects of their ligands and promote tumor growth. This crosstalk may cause endocrine therapy resistance in ERα-positive breast cancer. Furthermore, this may explain the resistance to anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) treatment in ERα-/HER2-positive breast cancer and chemotherapy resistance in triple-negative breast cancer. Accordingly, it is necessary to understand the complex crosstalk between ERs and growth factor receptors. In this review, we delineate the crosstalk between ERs and membrane growth factor receptors in breast cancer. Moreover, this review highlights the current progress in clinical treatment and discusses how pharmaceuticals target the crosstalk. Lastly, we discuss the current challenges and propose potential solutions regarding the implications of targeting crosstalk via pharmacological inhibition. Overall, the present review provides a landscape of the crosstalk between ERs and membrane growth factor receptors in breast cancer, along with valuable insights for future studies and clinical treatments using a chemotherapy-sparing regimen to improve patient quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunchao Yan
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, China.
| | - Jiale Ji
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, China
| | - Zhijie Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, China
| | - Murshid Imam
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, China
| | - Duo Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, China
| | - Jinpeng Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lu J, Zhang L, Zhang J, Sun Y, Wang H, Wang W, Wang K, Qin L, Jia J. Oxidative stress plays an important role in the central regulatory mechanism of orofacial hyperalgesia under low estrogen conditions. Behav Brain Res 2024; 469:115047. [PMID: 38759799 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Hyperalgesia occurs in the orofacial region of rats when estrogen levels are low, although the specific mechanism needs to be investigated further. Furthermore, oxidative stress plays an important role in the transmission of pain signals. This study aimed to explore the role of oxidative stress in orofacial hyperalgesia under low estrogen conditions. We firstly found an imbalance between oxidative and antioxidant capacity within the spinal trigeminal subnucleus caudalis (SP5C) of rats after ovariectomy (OVX), resulting in oxidative stress and then a decrease in the orofacial pain threshold. To investigate the mechanism by which oxidative stress occurs, we used virus as a tool to silence or overexpress the excitatory amino acid transporter 3 (EAAT3) gene. Further investigation revealed that the regulation of glutathione (GSH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be achieved by regulating EAAT3, which in turn impacts the occurrence of oxidative stress. In summary, our findings suggest that reduced expression of EAAT3 within the SP5C of rats in the low estrogen state may decrease GSH content and increase ROS levels, resulting in oxidative stress and ultimately lead to orofacial hyperalgesia. This suggests that antioxidants could be a potential therapeutic direction for orofacial hyperalgesia under low estrogen conditions, though more research is needed to understand its mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Lu
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Linqian Zhang
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jinglin Zhang
- Yuncheng Vocational Nursing College, Yuncheng, China
| | - Yanrong Sun
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hanfei Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Lihua Qin
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
| | - Jing Jia
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, China; Department of Stomatology, The Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang Y, Jiang Y, Jiang L, Xiong W, Wang Y, Gao X, Chen Q, Lin L, Yu T, Tang Y. Estrogen increases the expression of BKCa and impairs the contraction of colon smooth muscle via upregulation of sphingosine kinase 1. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:2390-2406. [PMID: 37642352 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen (E2) may impair the contraction of colonic smooth muscle (SM) leading to constipation. Large conductance Ca2+ -activated K+ channels (BKCa ) are widely expressed in the smooth muscle cells (SMCs) contributing to hyperpolarization and relaxation of SMCs. Sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) is known to influence the expression of BKCa . We aimed to elucidate the potential underlying molecular mechanism of BKCa and SphK1 that may influence E2-induced colonic dysmotility. In ovariectomized rats, SM contraction and expression of BKCa , SphK1, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1PR) were analyzed after the treatment with vehicle, BSA-E2, E2, and E2 receptor antagonist. The role of BKCa , SphK1, and S1PR in E2-induced SM dysmotility was investigated in rat colonic SMCs. The effect of SphK1 on SM contraction as well as on the expression of BKCa and S1PR was analyzed in SphK1 knock-out mutant mice and wild-type (WT) mice treated with or without E2. The E2-treated group exhibited a weak contraction of colonic SM and a delayed colonic transit. The treatment with E2 significantly upregulated the expression of BKCa , SphK1, S1PR1, and S1PR2, but not S1PR3, in colon SM and SMCs. Inhibition of BKCa , SphK1, S1PR1, and S1PR2 expression attenuated the effect of E2 on Ca2+ mobilization in rat colon SMCs. WT mice treated with E2 showed impaired gastrointestinal motility and enhanced expression of BKCa , S1PR1, and S1PR2 compared with those without E2 treatment. Conversely, in SphK1 knock-out mice treated with E2, these effects were partially reversed. E2 increased the release of S1P which in turn could have activated S1PR1 and S1PR2. Loss of SphK1 attenuated the effect of E2 on the upregulation of S1PR1 and S1PR2 expression. These findings indicated that E2 impaired the contraction of colon SM through activation of BKCa via the upregulation of SphK1 and the release of S1P. In the E2-induced BKCa upregulation, S1PR1 and S1PR2 might also be involved. These results may provide further insights into a therapeutic target and optional treatment approaches for patients with constipation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ya Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjie Xiong
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanjuan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangyue Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yurong Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ozkaya HM, Sayitoglu M, Comunoglu N, Sun E, Keskin FE, Ozata D, Hocaoglu RH, Khodzaev K, Firtina S, Tanriover N, Gazioglu N, Oz B, Kadioglu P. G-protein Coupled Estrogen Receptor Expression in Growth Hormone Secreting and Non-Functioning Adenomas. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2020; 129:634-643. [PMID: 33091936 DOI: 10.1055/a-1274-1330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the expression of G-protein coupled estrogen receptor (GPER1), aromatase, estrogen receptor α (ERα), estrogen receptor β (ERβ), pituitary tumor transforming gene (PTTG), and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) in GH-secreting and non-functioning adenomas (NFA). METHODS Thirty patients with acromegaly and 27 patients with NFA were included. Gene expression was determined via quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR). Protein expression was determined via immunohistochemistry. RESULTS There was no difference, in terms of gene expression of aromatase, ERα, PTTG, and FGF2 between the two groups (p>0.05 for all). ERβ gene expression was higher and GPER1 gene expression was lower in GH-secreting adenomas than NFAs (p<0.05 for all). Aromatase and ERβ protein expression was higher in GH-secreting adenomas than NFAs (p=0.01). None of the tumors expressed ERα. GPER1 expression was detected in 62.2% of the GH-secreting adenomas and 45% of NFAs. There was no difference in terms of GPER1, PTTG, FGF2 H scores between the two groups (p>0.05 for all). GPER1 gene expression was positively correlated to ERα, ERβ, PTTG, and FGF2 gene expression (p<0.05 for all). There was a positive correlation between aromatase and GPER1 protein expression (r=0.31; p=0.04). CONCLUSIONS GPER1 is expressed at both gene and protein level in a substantial portion of GH-secreting adenomas and NFAs. The finding of a positive correlation between GPER1 and ERα, ERβ, PTTG, and FGF2 gene expression and aromatase and GPER1 protein expression suggests GPER1 along with aromatase and classical ERs might mediate the effects of estrogen through upregulation of PTTG and FGF2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hande Mefkure Ozkaya
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul
| | - Muge Sayitoglu
- Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul
| | - Nil Comunoglu
- Department of Pathology, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul
| | - Eda Sun
- Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul
| | - Fatma Ela Keskin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Demiroglu Bilim University, Istanbul
| | - Duygu Ozata
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul
| | - Rabia Hacer Hocaoglu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul
| | - Khusan Khodzaev
- Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul
| | - Sinem Firtina
- Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul
| | - Necmettin Tanriover
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul.,Pituitary Center, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul
| | - Nurperi Gazioglu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Demiroglu Bilim University, Istanbul
| | - Buge Oz
- Department of Pathology, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul
| | - Pinar Kadioglu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul.,Pituitary Center, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Magi S, Piccirillo S, Maiolino M, Lariccia V, Amoroso S. NCX1 and EAAC1 transporters are involved in the protective action of glutamate in an in vitro Alzheimer's disease-like model. Cell Calcium 2020; 91:102268. [PMID: 32827867 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2020.102268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that metabolic dysfunctions are at the roots of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). In particular, defects in cerebral glucose metabolism, which have been often noted even before the occurrence of clinical symptoms and histopathological lesions, are now regarded as critical contributors to the pathogenesis of AD. Hence, the stimulation of energy metabolism, by enhancing the availability of specific metabolites, might be an alternative way to improve ATP synthesis and to positively affect AD progression. For instance, glutamate may serve as an intermediary metabolite for ATP synthesis through the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and the oxidative phosphorylation. We have recently shown that two transporters are critical for the anaplerotic use of glutamate: the Na+-dependent Excitatory Amino Acids Carrier 1 (EAAC1) and the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger 1 (NCX1). Therefore, in the present study, we established an AD-like phenotype by perturbing glucose metabolism in both primary rat cortical neurons and retinoic acid (RA)-differentiated SH-SY5Y cells, and we explored the potential of glutamate to halt cell damage by monitoring neurotoxicity, AD markers, ATP synthesis, cytosolic Ca2+ levels and EAAC1/NCX1 functional activities. We found that glutamate significantly increased ATP production and cell survival, reduced the increase of AD biomarkers (amyloid β protein and the hyperphosphorylated form of tau protein), and recovered the increase of NCX reverse-mode activity. The RNA silencing of either EAAC1 or NCX1 caused the loss of the beneficial effects of glutamate, suggesting the requirement of a functional interplay between these transporters for glutamate-induced protection. Remarkably, our results indicate, as proof-of-principle, that facilitating the use of alternative fuels, like glutamate, may be an effective approach to overcome deficits in glucose utilization and significantly slow down neuronal degenerative process in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Magi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Public Health, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Via Tronto 10/A, 60126, Ancona, Italy
| | - Silvia Piccirillo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Public Health, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Via Tronto 10/A, 60126, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marta Maiolino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Public Health, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Via Tronto 10/A, 60126, Ancona, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Lariccia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Public Health, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Via Tronto 10/A, 60126, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Amoroso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Public Health, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Via Tronto 10/A, 60126, Ancona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Malik AR, Willnow TE. Excitatory Amino Acid Transporters in Physiology and Disorders of the Central Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225671. [PMID: 31726793 PMCID: PMC6888459 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) encompass a class of five transporters with distinct expression in neurons and glia of the central nervous system (CNS). EAATs are mainly recognized for their role in uptake of the amino acid glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter. EAATs-mediated clearance of glutamate released by neurons is vital to maintain proper glutamatergic signalling and to prevent toxic accumulation of this amino acid in the extracellular space. In addition, some EAATs also act as chloride channels or mediate the uptake of cysteine, required to produce the reactive oxygen speciesscavenger glutathione. Given their central role in glutamate homeostasis in the brain, as well as their additional activities, it comes as no surprise that EAAT dysfunctions have been implicated in numerous acute or chronic diseases of the CNS, including ischemic stroke and epilepsy, cerebellar ataxias, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease and Huntington’s disease. Here we review the studies in cellular and animal models, as well as in humans that highlight the roles of EAATs in the pathogenesis of these devastating disorders. We also discuss the mechanisms regulating EAATs expression and intracellular trafficking and new exciting possibilities to modulate EAATs and to provide neuroprotection in course of pathologies affecting the CNS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna R. Malik
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Santolla MF, Vivacqua A, Lappano R, Rigiracciolo DC, Cirillo F, Galli GR, Talia M, Brunetti G, Miglietta AM, Belfiore A, Maggiolini M. GPER Mediates a Feedforward FGF2/FGFR1 Paracrine Activation Coupling CAFs to Cancer Cells toward Breast Tumor Progression. Cells 2019; 8:cells8030223. [PMID: 30866584 PMCID: PMC6468560 DOI: 10.3390/cells8030223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The FGF2/FGFR1 paracrine loop is involved in the cross-talk between breast cancer cells and components of the tumor stroma as cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). By quantitative PCR (qPCR), western blot, immunofluorescence analysis, ELISA and ChIP assays, we demonstrated that 17β-estradiol (E2) and the G protein estrogen receptor (GPER) agonist G-1 induce the up-regulation and secretion of FGF2 via GPER together with the EGFR/ERK/c-fos/AP-1 signaling cascade in (ER)-negative primary CAFs. Evaluating the genetic alterations from METABRIC and TCGA datasets, we then assessed that FGFR1 is the most frequently amplified FGFRs family member and its amplification/expression associates with shorter survival rates in breast cancer patients. Therefore, in order to assess the functional FGF2/FGFR1 interplay between CAFs and breast cancer cells, we generated the FGFR1-knockout MDA-MB-231 cells using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing strategy. Using conditioned medium from estrogen-stimulated CAFs, we established that the activation of FGF2/FGFR1 paracrine signaling triggers the expression of the connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), leading to the migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells. Our findings shed new light on the role elicited by estrogens through GPER in the activation of the FGF2/FGFR1 signaling. Moreover, our findings may identify further biological targets that could be considered in innovative combination strategies halting breast cancer progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Francesca Santolla
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy.
| | - Adele Vivacqua
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy.
| | - Rosamaria Lappano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy.
| | | | - Francesca Cirillo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy.
| | - Giulia Raffaella Galli
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy.
| | - Marianna Talia
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Brunetti
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1180 Vienna, Austria.
| | | | - Antonino Belfiore
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, 95122 Catania, Italy.
| | - Marcello Maggiolini
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tantikanlayaporn D, Tourkova IL, Larrouture Q, Luo J, Piyachaturawat P, Witt MR, Blair HC, Robinson LJ. Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Modulates the Effect of Estrogen in Human Osteoblasts. JBMR Plus 2018; 2:217-226. [PMID: 30123862 PMCID: PMC6095197 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Production of sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) is linked to 17β‐estradiol (E2) activity in many estrogen‐responsive cells; in bone development, the role of S1P is unclear. We studied effects of S1P on proliferation and differentiation of human osteoblasts (hOB). Ten nM E2, 1 μM S1P, or 1 μM of the S1P receptor 1 (S1PR1) agonist SEW2871 increased hOB proliferation at 24 hours. S1PR 1, 2, and 3 mRNAs are expressed by hOB but not S1PR4 or S1PR5. Expression of S1PR2 was increased at 7 and 14 days of differentiation, in correspondence with osteoblast‐related mRNAs. Expression of S1PR1 was increased by E2 or S1P in proliferating hOB, whereas S1PR2 mRNA was unaffected in proliferating cells; S1PR3 was not affected by E2 or S1P. Inhibiting sphingosine kinase (SPHK) activity with sphingosine kinase inhibitor (Ski) greatly reduced the E2 proliferative effect. Both E2 and S1P increased SPHK mRNA at 24 hours in hOB. S1P promoted osteoblast proliferation via activating MAP kinase activity. Either E2 or S1P increased S1P synthesis in a fluorescent S1P assay. Interaction of E2 and S1P signaling was indicated by upregulation of E2 receptor mRNA after S1P treatment. E2 and S1P also promoted alkaline phosphatase expression. During osteoblast differentiation, S1P increased bone‐specific mRNAs, similarly to the effects of E2. However, E2 and S1P showed differences in the activation of some osteoblast pathways. Pathway analysis by gene expression arrays was consistent with regulation of pathways of osteoblast differentiation; collagen and cell adhesion proteins centered on Rho/Rac small GTPase signaling and Map kinase or signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat) intermediates. Transcriptional activation also included significant increases in superoxide dismutase 1 and 2 transcription by either S1P or E2. We demonstrate that the SPHK system is a co‐mediator for osteoblast proliferation and differentiation, which is mainly, but not entirely, complementary to E2, whose effects are mediated by S1PR1 and S1PR2. © 2018 The Authors JBMR Plus is published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Irina L Tourkova
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Jianhua Luo
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Michelle R Witt
- Departments of Pathology and of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Harry C Blair
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lisa J Robinson
- Departments of Pathology and of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Parthasarathy G, Philipp MT. Receptor tyrosine kinases play a significant role in human oligodendrocyte inflammation and cell death associated with the Lyme disease bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:110. [PMID: 28558791 PMCID: PMC5450372 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-0883-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In previous studies, human oligodendrocytes were demonstrated to undergo apoptosis in the presence of Borrelia burgdorferi under an inflammatory milieu. Subsequently, we determined that the MEK/ERK pathway played a significant role in triggering downstream inflammation as well as apoptosis. However, the identity of receptors triggered by exposure to B. burgdorferi and initiating signaling events was unknown. Methods In this study, we explored the role of several TLR and EGFR/FGFR/PDGFR tyrosine kinase pathways in inducing inflammation in the presence of B. burgdorferi, using siRNA and/or inhibitors, in MO3.13 human oligodendrocytes. Cell death and apoptosis assays were also carried out in the presence or absence of specific receptor inhibitors along with the bacteria to determine the role of these receptors in apoptosis induction. The expression pattern of specific receptors with or without B. burgdorferi was also determined. Results TLRs 2 and 5 had a minimal role in inducing inflammation, particularly IL-6 production. Rather, their effect was mostly inhibitory, with TLR2 downregulation significantly upregulating CXCL8, and CXCL (1,2,3) levels, and TLR5 likely having a similar role in CXCL8, CXCL(1,2,3), and CCL5 levels. TLR4 contributed mostly towards CCL5 production. On the other hand, inhibition of all three EGF/FGF/PDGF receptors significantly downregulated all five of the inflammatory mediators tested even in the presence of B. burgdorferi. Their inhibition also downregulated overall cell death and apoptosis levels. The expression pattern of these receptors, as assessed by immunohistochemistry indicated that the PDGFRβ receptor was the most predominantly expressed receptor, followed by FGFR, although no significant differences were discernible between presence and absence of bacteria. Interestingly, inhibition of individual EGFR, FGFR, or PDGFR receptors did not indicate an individual role for any of these receptors in the overall downregulation of pathogenesis. Contrarily, suppression of FGFR signaling alone in the presence of bacteria significantly upregulated inflammatory mediator levels indicating that it might control an inhibitory pathway when triggered individually. Conclusions Unlike TLRs, EGF/FGF/PDGF receptors collectively play a significant role in the inflammation and apoptosis of human oligodendrocytes as mediated by B. burgdorferi. It is likely that these three receptors need to be triggered simultaneously to achieve this effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geetha Parthasarathy
- Division of Bacteriology and Parasitology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, 18703, Three Rivers Road, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
| | - Mario T Philipp
- Division of Bacteriology and Parasitology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, 18703, Three Rivers Road, Covington, LA, 70433, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Deng LJ, Cheng C, Wu J, Wang CH, Zhou HB, Huang J. Oxabicycloheptene Sulfonate Protects Against β-Amyloid-induced Toxicity by Activation of PI3K/Akt and ERK Signaling Pathways Via GPER1 in C6 Cells. Neurochem Res 2017; 42:2246-2256. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2237-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|