1
|
Joyce LJ, Lindsay AJ. A systematic computational analysis of the endosomal recycling pathway in glioblastoma. Biochem Biophys Rep 2024; 38:101700. [PMID: 38638676 PMCID: PMC11024495 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2024.101700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive brain cancer in adults. The standard treatment is brutal and has changed little in 20 years, and more than 85% of patients will die within two years of their diagnosis. There is thus an urgent need to identify new drug targets and develop novel therapeutic strategies to increase survival and improve quality of life. Using publicly available genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics datasets, we compared the expression of endosomal recycling pathway regulators in non-tumour brain tissue with their expression in GBM. We found that key regulators of this pathway are dysregulated in GBM and their expression levels can be linked to survival outcomes. Further analysis of the differentially expressed endosomal recycling regulators allowed us to generate an 8-gene prognostic signature that can distinguish low-risk from high-risk GBM and potentially identify tumours that may benefit from treatment with endosomal recycling inhibitors. This study presents the first systematic analysis of the endosomal recycling pathway in glioblastoma and suggests it could be a promising target for the development of novel therapies and therapeutic strategies to improve outcomes for patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luke J. Joyce
- Membrane Trafficking and Disease Laboratory, School of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, T12 YT20, Ireland
| | - Andrew J. Lindsay
- Membrane Trafficking and Disease Laboratory, School of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, T12 YT20, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tannoo RM, Richert L, Koschut D, Tomishige N, Treffert SM, Kobayashi T, Mély Y, Orian-Rousseau V. Quantitative live imaging reveals a direct interaction between CD44v6 and MET in membrane domains upon activation with both MET ligands, HGF and internalin B. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr 2024; 1866:184236. [PMID: 37793560 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2023.184236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Deregulation of the receptor tyrosine kinase MET/hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) pathway results in several pathological processes involved in tumor progression and metastasis. In a different context, MET can serve as an entry point for the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes, when activated by the internalin B (InlB) protein during infection of non-phagocytic cells. We have previously demonstrated that MET requires CD44v6 for its ligand-induced activation. However, the stoichiometry and the steps required for the formation of this complex, are still unknown. In this work, we studied the dynamics of the ligand-induced interaction of CD44v6 with MET at the plasma membrane. Using Förster resonance energy transfer-based fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy in T-47D cells, we evidenced a direct interaction between MET and CD44v6 promoted by HGF and InlB in live cells. In the absence of MET, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy experiments further showed the dimerization of CD44v6 and the increase of its diffusion induced by HGF and InlB. In the presence of MET, stimulation of the cells by HGF or InlB significantly decreased the diffusion of CD44v6, in line with the formation of a ternary complex of MET with CD44v6 and HGF/InlB. Finally, similarly to HGF/InlB, disruption of liquid-ordered domains (Lo) by methyl-β-cyclodextrin increased CD44v6 mobility suggesting that these factors induce the exit of CD44v6 from the Lo domains. Our data led us to propose a model for MET activation, where CD44v6 dimerizes and diffuses rapidly out of Lo domains to form an oligomeric MET/ligand/CD44v6 complex that is instrumental for MET activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryshtee Mary Tannoo
- Laboratory of Bioimaging and Pathologies (LBP), University of Strasbourg (UNISTRA), France; Institute of Biological and Chemical systems-Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany
| | - Ludovic Richert
- Laboratory of Bioimaging and Pathologies (LBP), University of Strasbourg (UNISTRA), France.
| | - David Koschut
- Institute of Biological and Chemical systems-Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany; Disease Intervention Technology Lab (DITL), Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Nario Tomishige
- Laboratory of Bioimaging and Pathologies (LBP), University of Strasbourg (UNISTRA), France
| | - Sven Máté Treffert
- Institute of Biological and Chemical systems-Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany
| | - Toshihide Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Bioimaging and Pathologies (LBP), University of Strasbourg (UNISTRA), France
| | - Yves Mély
- Laboratory of Bioimaging and Pathologies (LBP), University of Strasbourg (UNISTRA), France.
| | - Véronique Orian-Rousseau
- Institute of Biological and Chemical systems-Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Su YF, Shen PC, Huang WY, Hung YJ, Huang TW, Lin CY, Shieh YS. Nuclear translocation of Axl contributes to the malignancy of oral cancer cells. J Dent Sci 2024; 19:438-447. [PMID: 38303797 PMCID: PMC10829653 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2023.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Dysregulation of receptor tyrosine kinases is implicated in cancer development. This study aimed to investigate the nuclear translocation of Axl, a membrane protein and receptor tyrosine kinase in cancer malignancy. Materials and methods We examined Axl's entry into the cell nucleus and validated it with the nuclear export inhibitor leptomycin. Transfection experiments with mutated nuclear localization signals were conducted to assess the impact of reduced nuclear Axl levels on cancer cell malignancy. Additionally, we evaluated the effects of decreased nuclear Axl on sensitivity to radiation and cisplatin, a chemotherapeutic drug. Results In the present study, we observed nuclear translocation of Axl in cancer cells. Reducing nuclear Axl levels led to a decrease in cancer cell malignancy. This nuclear translocation was further validated using a nuclear export inhibitor, leptomycin. Additionally, transfection experiments with mutated nuclear localization signals confirmed the functional significance of Axl's nuclear localization. Notably, decreased nuclear Axl levels also increased the sensitivity of cancer cells to radiation and cisplatin treatment. Conclusion This study suggests that Axl's nuclear translocation plays a significant role in cancer malignancy. Targeting Axl's nuclear localization could offer a potential strategy to inhibit cancer progression and improve the efficacy of radiation and chemotherapy treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fu Su
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chien Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yen Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Hung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Wang Huang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Che-Yi Lin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shing Shieh
- Department of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hirashima T, Hino N, Aoki K, Matsuda M. Stretching the limits of extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) signaling - Cell mechanosensing to ERK activation. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2023; 84:102217. [PMID: 37574635 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) has been recognized as a critical regulator in various physiological and pathological processes. Extensive research has elucidated the signaling mechanisms governing ERK activation via biochemical regulations with upstream molecules, particularly receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). However, recent advances have highlighted the role of mechanical forces in activating the RTK-ERK signaling pathways, thereby opening new avenues of research into mechanochemical interplay in multicellular tissues. Here, we review the force-induced ERK activation in cells and propose possible mechanosensing mechanisms underlying the mechanoresponsive ERK activation. We conclude that mechanical forces are not merely passive factors shaping cells and tissues but also active regulators of cellular signaling pathways controlling collective cell behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Hirashima
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Naoya Hino
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria. https://twitter.com/NaoyaHino
| | - Kazuhiro Aoki
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan; National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan; Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Japan.
| | - Michiyuki Matsuda
- Center for Living Systems Information Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Japan; Department of Pathology and Biology of Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan; Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Japan. https://twitter.com/Phogemon
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mol P, Balaya RDA, Dagamajalu S, Babu S, Chandrasekaran P, Raghavan R, Suresh S, Ravishankara N, Raju AH, Nair B, Modi PK, Mahadevan A, Prasad TSK, Raju R. A network map of GDNF/RET signaling pathway in physiological and pathological conditions. J Cell Commun Signal 2023; 17:1089-1095. [PMID: 36715855 PMCID: PMC10409931 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-023-00726-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) signals through a multi-component receptor system predominantly consisting of glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-anchored GDNF family receptor alpha-1 (GFRα1) and the Rearranged during transfection (RET) receptor tyrosine kinase. GDNF/RET signaling is vital to the central and peripheral nervous system, kidney morphogenesis, and spermatogenesis. In addition, the dysregulation of the GDNF/RET signaling has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cancers. Despite the extensive research on GDNF/RET signaling, a molecular network of reactions induced by GDNF reported across the published literature. However, a comprehensive GDNF/RET pathway resource is currently unavailable. We describe an integrated signaling pathway reaction map of GDNF/RET consisting of 1151 molecular reactions. These include information pertaining to 52 molecular association events, 70 enzyme catalysis events, 36 activation/inhibition events, 22 translocation events, 856 gene regulation events, and 115 protein-level expression events induced by GDNF in diverse cell types. We developed a comprehensive GDNF/RET signaling network map based on these molecular reactions. The pathway map was made accessible through WikiPathways database ( https://www.wikipathways.org/index.php/Pathway:WP5143 ). Biocuration and development of gene regulatory network map of GDNF/RET signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Praseeda Mol
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Whitefield, Bangalore, 560066 India
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, 690525 India
| | | | - Shobha Dagamajalu
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), Mangalore, 575018 India
| | - Sreeranjini Babu
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), Mangalore, 575018 India
| | - Pavithra Chandrasekaran
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Whitefield, Bangalore, 560066 India
| | - Reshma Raghavan
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Whitefield, Bangalore, 560066 India
| | - Sneha Suresh
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Whitefield, Bangalore, 560066 India
| | - Namitha Ravishankara
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Whitefield, Bangalore, 560066 India
| | - Anu Hemalatha Raju
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Whitefield, Bangalore, 560066 India
| | - Bipin Nair
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, 690525 India
| | - Prashant Kumar Modi
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), Mangalore, 575018 India
| | - Anita Mahadevan
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, 560029 India
- Human Brain Tissue Repository, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, 560029 India
| | | | - Rajesh Raju
- Centre for Integrative Omics Data Science, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), Mangalore, 575018 India
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), Mangalore, 575018 India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lau A, Le N, Nguyen C, Kandpal RP. Signals transduced by Eph receptors and ephrin ligands converge on MAP kinase and AKT pathways in human cancers. Cell Signal 2023; 104:110579. [PMID: 36572189 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Eph receptors, the largest known family of receptor tyrosine kinases, and ephrin ligands have been implicated in a variety of human cancers. The novel bidirectional signaling events initiated by binding of Eph receptors to their cognate ephrin ligands modulate many cellular processes such as proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, invasion, and apoptosis. The relationships between the abundance of a unique subset of Eph receptors and ephrin ligands with associated cellular processes indicate a key role of these molecules in tumorigenesis. The combinatorial expression of these molecules converges on MAP kinase and/or AKT/mTOR signaling pathways. The intracellular target proteins of the initial signal may, however, vary in some cancers. Furthermore, we have also described the commonality of up- and down-regulation of individual receptors and ligands in various cancers. The current state of research in Eph receptors illustrates MAP kinase and mTOR pathways as plausible targets for therapeutic interventions in various cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Lau
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, United States of America
| | - Nghia Le
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, United States of America
| | - Claudia Nguyen
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, United States of America
| | - Raj P Kandpal
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Guney Eskiler G, Kazan N, Haciefendi A, Deveci Ozkan A, Ozdemir K, Ozen M, Kocer HB, Yilmaz F, Kaleli S, Sahin E, Bilir C. The prognostic and predictive values of differential expression of exosomal receptor tyrosine kinases and associated with the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Clin Transl Oncol 2023; 25:460-472. [PMID: 36181664 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02959-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer cell-derived exosomes are the mediator of the tumor microenvironment and the molecular content of exosomes presents a promising prognostic or predictive marker in tumor progression and the treatment response of cancer patients. The aim of this study was to identify the expression levels of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and AKT1 and mTOR before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in the exosomes of BC patients compared with healthy females. METHODS After isolating exosomes in the serum of 25 BC patients and characterization by flow cytometry, the mRNA levels of FGFR2, FGFR3, PDGFRB, AKT1 and mTOR in the exosomes were analyzed by RT-PCR. RESULTS Our preliminary findings showed that FGFR2, PDGFRB, AKT1 and mTOR levels were significantly upregulated in BC patients before NACT compared with the healthy group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the mRNA levels PDGFRB and AKT1 were significantly down-regulated after NACT compared with control. PDGFRB expression level could predict pathological non-response and significantly correlated with tumor size after NACT. CONCLUSION Therefore, especially FGFR2, PDGFRB and AKT1 could be a therapeutic target as a prognostic marker, whereas PDGFRB may be a promising predictive indicator of therapy response in BC patients. However, the prognostic or predictive role of RTKs and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in the exosomes should be further investigated in a large patient population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Guney Eskiler
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, 54290, Sakarya, Turkey.
| | - Nur Kazan
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Ayten Haciefendi
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Asuman Deveci Ozkan
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, 54290, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Kayhan Ozdemir
- Department of General Surgery, Nevsehir Urgup State Hospital, Nevsehir, Turkey
| | - Mirac Ozen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Havva Belma Kocer
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Fahri Yilmaz
- Department of Medical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Kaleli
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, 54290, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Elvan Sahin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Cemil Bilir
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Istinye University VM Medical Park Pendik Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang X, Yin J, Pan W, Li Y, Li N, Tang B. Imaging strategies for receptor tyrosine kinase dimers in living cells. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:67-82. [PMID: 36190534 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04334-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are the essential regulators of cell signal transduction pathways and play important roles in biological processes. RTK dimerization is generally considered the first step in receptor activation and cell communication. And the abnormal expression of RTK dimers is closely related to the occurrence and development of many diseases. Therefore, the visualization of RTK dimerization is of great significance for monitoring physiological processes. The genetic and nongenetic imaging strategies have attracted widespread attention due to their high efficiency and high sensitivity. In this review, the RTKs and their dimers as well as the advances in strategies for imaging RTK dimers are introduced. Furthermore, we analyze the limitations of existing imaging strategies and put forward suggestions for the future development of imaging probes. We expect that this review will inspire more in-depth investigation of RTK dimers, which will also broaden the application of strategies of RTK dimers in biomedical areas.
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
The HER3 protein, that belongs to the ErbB/HER receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family, is expressed in several types of tumors. That fact, together with the role of HER3 in promoting cell proliferation, implicate that targeting HER3 may have therapeutic relevance. Furthermore, expression and activation of HER3 has been linked to resistance to drugs that target other HER receptors such as agents that act on EGFR or HER2. In addition, HER3 has been associated to resistance to some chemotherapeutic drugs. Because of those circumstances, efforts to develop and test agents targeting HER3 have been carried out. Two types of agents targeting HER3 have been developed. The most abundant are antibodies or engineered antibody derivatives that specifically recognize the extracellular region of HER3. In addition, the use of aptamers specifically interacting with HER3, vaccines or HER3-targeting siRNAs have also been developed. Here we discuss the state of the art of the preclinical and clinical development of drugs aimed at targeting HER3 with therapeutic purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Gandullo-Sánchez
- grid.428472.f0000 0004 1794 2467Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC, IBSAL and CIBERONC, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alberto Ocaña
- grid.411068.a0000 0001 0671 5785Hospital Clínico San Carlos and CIBERONC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Atanasio Pandiella
- grid.428472.f0000 0004 1794 2467Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC, IBSAL and CIBERONC, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Diwanji D, Trenker R, Jura N, Verba KA. Efficient expression, purification, and visualization by cryo-EM of unliganded near full-length HER3. Methods Enzymol 2022; 667:611-632. [PMID: 35525556 PMCID: PMC9288109 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2022.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Biochemical analyses of membrane receptor kinases have been limited by challenges in obtaining sufficient homogeneous receptor samples for downstream structural and biophysical characterization. Here, we report a suite of methods for the efficient expression, purification, and visualization by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) of near full-length Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 3 (HER3), a receptor tyrosine pseudokinase, in the unliganded state. Through transient mammalian cell expression, a two-step purification with detergent exchange into lauryl maltose neopentyl glycol (LMNG), and freezing devoid of background detergent micelle, we obtained ~6Å reconstructions of the ~60kDa fully-glycosylated unliganded extracellular domain of HER3 from just 30mL of suspension culture. The reconstructions reveal previously unappreciated extracellular domain dynamics and glycosylation sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Devan Diwanji
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Raphael Trenker
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Natalia Jura
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.
| | - Kliment A Verba
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Trenker R, Diwanji D, Verba KA, Jura N. An effective strategy for ligand-mediated pulldown of the HER2/HER3/NRG1β heterocomplex and cryo-EM structure determination at low sample concentrations. Methods Enzymol 2022; 667:633-662. [PMID: 35525557 PMCID: PMC9288110 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2022.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Obtaining high-resolution structures of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases that visualize extracellular, transmembrane and intracellular kinase regions simultaneously is an eagerly pursued but still unmet challenge of structural biology. The Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 3 (HER3) that has a catalytically inactive kinase domain (pseudokinase) forms a potent signaling complex upon binding of growth factor neuregulin 1β (NRG1β) and upon dimerization with a close homolog, the HER2 receptor. The HER2/HER3/NRG1β complex is often referred to as an oncogenic driver in breast cancer and is an attractive target for anti-cancer therapies. After overcoming significant hurdles in isolating sufficient amounts of the HER2/HER3/NRG1β complex for structural studies by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), we recently obtained the first high-resolution structures of the extracellular portion of this complex. Here we describe a step-by-step protocol for obtaining a stable and homogenous HER2/HER3/NRG1β complex for structural studies and our recommendation for collecting and processing cryo-EM data for this sample. We also show improved EM density for the transmembrane and kinase domains of the receptors, which continue to evade structural determination at high resolution. The discussed strategies are tunable and applicable to other membrane receptor complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Trenker
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Devan Diwanji
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Kliment A Verba
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.
| | - Natalia Jura
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang Z, Kim J, Zhang P, Galvan Achi JM, Jiang Y, Rong L. Current therapy and development of therapeutic agents for lung cancer. Cell Insight 2022; 1:100015. [PMID: 37193130 PMCID: PMC10120308 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellin.2022.100015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In the past decades, great progress has been made for the prevention and treatment of lung cancer. Yet, lung cancer remains as the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. In this manuscript, we describe the current genetic and molecular characterization of lung cancer subtypes, review up-to-date treatment options for lung cancer patients, summarize the antibodies and small molecule drugs under clinical development, and elaborate on the expression and characteristics of important RTK primary targets and representative preclinical agents which may provide new opportunities for lung cancer treatment. Since gefitinib was first introduced to non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) patients in 2002, remarkable progress has been made in targeted therapy for NSCLC patients with the development of multiple generations of small molecule inhibitors targeting relevant driver mutations. However, very little achievement has been made in the development of targeted drugs for small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). The successful harness of immune checkpoint inhibitors against PD-1/PD-L1 has marked a major advancement in recent lung cancer treatment. Looking forward, therapeutic strategies that tackle brain metastasis are highly desirable, the combination of molecular testing and strategies tailored to tackle tumor heterogeneity and resistance mechanisms is the key direction for future development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zilai Wang
- Chicago BioSolutions, Inc., 2242 W Harrison Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Jiyeon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Pin Zhang
- Chicago BioSolutions, Inc., 2242 W Harrison Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Jazmin M. Galvan Achi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Yuwei Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Lijun Rong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mostafa GA, ElGebaly HH, Shehab AAS, Mohamed MAEH. Up-regulated serum levels of TAM receptor tyrosine kinases in a group of Egyptian autistic children. J Neuroimmunol 2022; 364:577811. [PMID: 35033774 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2022.577811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
TAM receptor family belongs to receptor tyrosine kinases (TAMRTKs). It includes three receptors; Tyro-3, Axl and Mer. TAMRTKs has a great role in resolution of inflammation due to their role in clearance of apoptotic cells by macrophages. Dysregulated TAM signaling pathways are associated with many autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammatory disorders. Autism may be an autoimmune disease in some patients. This work was the first study that investigated serum levels of the soluble ectodomain shed TAMRTKs in a group of autistic children. Serum levels of TAMRTKs were measured by ELISA in 30 autistic children aged between 3.5 and 11 years and 30 age and sex-matched healthy control children. Serum levels of TAMRTKs were significantly higher in autistic children than healthy control children (P < 0.001). Patients with severe autism had significantly higher serum levels of TAMRTKs than patients with mild to moderate autism (P < 0.01). In addition, there were significant positive correlations between scores of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) and serum levels of TAMRTKs in autistic patients, (P < 0.01). In conclusions, serum levels of TAMRTKs were up-regulated in autistic children with significant positive correlations with the degree of the disease severity. This initial report requires further studies to investigate the relationship between TAMRTKs and autism.
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are a conserved superfamily of transmembrane growth factor receptors that drive numerous cellular processes during development and in the adult. Upon activation, multiple adaptors and signaling effector proteins are recruited to binding site motifs located within the intracellular domain of the RTK. These RTK-effector interactions drive subsequent intracellular signaling cascades involved in canonical RTK signaling. Genetic dissection has revealed that alleles of Fibroblast Growth Factor receptors (FGFRs) that lack all canonical RTK signaling still retain some kinase-dependent biological activity. Here we examine how genetic analysis can be used to understand the mechanism by which RTKs drive multiple developmental processes via canonical signaling while revealing noncanonical activities. Recent data from both FGFRs and other RTKs highlight potential noncanonical roles in cell adhesion and nuclear signaling. The data supporting such functions are discussed as are recent technologies that have the potential to provide valuable insight into the developmental significance of these noncanonical activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James F Clark
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Philippe M Soriano
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bonfil RD, Chen W, Vranic S, Sohail A, Shi D, Jang H, Kim HR, Prunotto M, Fridman R. Expression and subcellular localization of Discoidin Domain Receptor 1 (DDR1) define prostate cancer aggressiveness. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:507. [PMID: 34548097 PMCID: PMC8456559 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02206-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Discoidin Domain Receptor 1 (DDR1) is one of the two members of a unique family of receptor tyrosine kinase receptors that signal in response to collagen, which has been implicated in cancer progression. Here, we examined the expression of DDR1 in prostate cancer (PCa), and assessed its potential value as a prognostic marker, as a function of grade, stage and other clinicopathologic parameters. METHODS We investigated the association between the expression level and subcellular localization of DDR1 protein and PCa aggressiveness by immunohistochemistry, using tissue microarrays (TMAs) encompassing 200 cases of PCa with various Gleason scores (GS) and pathologic stages with matched normal tissue, and a highly specific monoclonal antibody. RESULTS DDR1 was found to be localized in the membrane, cytoplasm, and nuclear compartments of both normal and cancerous prostate epithelial cells. Analyses of DDR1 expression in low GS (≤ 7[3 + 4]) vs high GS (≥ 7[4 + 3]) tissues showed no differences in nuclear or cytoplasmic DDR1in either cancerous or adjacent normal tissue cores. However, relative to normal-matched tissue, the percentage of cases with higher membranous DDR1 expression was significantly lower in high vs. low GS cancers. Although nuclear localization of DDR1 was consistently detected in our tissue samples and also in cultured human PCa and normal prostate-derived cell lines, its presence in that site could not be associated with disease aggressiveness. No associations between DDR1 expression and overall survival or biochemical recurrence were found in this cohort of patients. CONCLUSION The data obtained through multivariate logistic regression model analysis suggest that the level of membranous DDR1 expression status may represent a potential biomarker of utility for better determination of PCa aggressiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Daniel Bonfil
- Division of Pathology, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 S. University Drive, Terry Building # 1337, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33328-2018, USA.
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Semir Vranic
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Anjum Sohail
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Scott Hall #8200, 540 E. Canfield St, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Dongping Shi
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Scott Hall #8200, 540 E. Canfield St, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Hyejeong Jang
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Hyeong-Reh Kim
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Scott Hall #8200, 540 E. Canfield St, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Marco Prunotto
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rafael Fridman
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Scott Hall #8200, 540 E. Canfield St, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Pediatric fibroblastic/myofibroblastic tumors are rare but include a wide variety of benign to malignant tumors. Given their uncommon frequency, they may present as a diagnostic dilemma. This article is focused on using clinical and pathologic clues in conjunction with the increasingly relevant and available molecular techniques to classify, predict prognosis, and/or guide treatment in these tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Davis
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, L-471, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
| | - Erin R Rudzinski
- Department of Laboratories, Seattle Children's Hospital, OC.8.720, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mandal S, Bandyopadhyay S, Tyagi K, Roy A. Recent advances in understanding the molecular role of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C gamma 1 as an emerging onco-driver and novel therapeutic target in human carcinogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188619. [PMID: 34454048 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide metabolism is crucial intracellular signaling system that regulates a plethora of biological functions including mitogenesis, cell proliferation and division. Phospholipase C gamma 1 (PLCγ1) which belongs to phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PLC) family, is activated by many extracellular stimuli including hormones, neurotransmitters, growth factors and modulates several cellular and physiological functions necessary for tumorigenesis such as cell survival, migration, invasion and angiogenesis by generating inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG) via hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate (PIP2). Cancer remains as a leading cause of global mortality and aberrant expression and regulation of PLCγ1 is linked to a plethora of deadly human cancers including carcinomas of the breast, lung, pancreas, stomach, prostate and ovary. Although PLCγ1 cross-talks with many onco-drivers and signaling circuits including PI3K, AKT, HIF1-α and RAF/MEK/ERK cascade, its precise role in carcinogenesis is not completely understood. This review comprehensively discussed the status quo of this ubiquitously expressed phospholipase as a tumor driver and highlighted its significance as a novel therapeutic target in cancer. Furthermore, we have highlighted the significance of somatic driver mutations in PLCG1 gene and molecular roles of PLCγ1 in several major human cancers, a knowledgebase that can be utilized to develop novel, isoform-specific small molecule inhibitors of PLCγ1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Supratim Mandal
- Department of Microbiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal 741235, India.
| | - Shrabasti Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Microbiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal 741235, India
| | - Komal Tyagi
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303, India
| | - Adhiraj Roy
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303, India.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Taghehchian N, Moghbeli M, Mashkani B, Abbaszadegan MR. The Level of Mesenchymal-Epithelial Transition Autophosphorylation is Correlated with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Migration. Iran Biomed J 2021; 25:243-54. [PMID: 34217156 PMCID: PMC8334392 DOI: 10.52547/ibj.25.4.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background The MET receptor is a critical member of cancer-associated receptor tyrosine kinases and plays an important role in different biological activities, including differentiation, migration, and cell proliferation. Methods In this study, novel MET inhibitors were introduced and applied on esophageal squamous carcinoma cell line KYSE-30, and the level of proliferation and migration, as well as the activated form of MET receptor protein were assessed in the examined cells. The human KYSE-30 cell line was cultured according to ATCC recommendations. The mRNA level of the MET gene was measured in the examined cell line using the quantitative RT-PCR assay. Cytotoxicity evaluation test was performed at different concentrations of heterocyclic anti-MET compounds (i.e. D1, D2, D5, D6, D7, and D8). Finally, the capability of these compounds in MET receptor inhibition was evaluated using the migration assay and Western blot. All experiments were performed in triplicate and repeated three times with similar results. Results Cell growth and proliferation were significantly inhibited (p ≤ 0.05) by all the above-mentioned compounds. Moreover, the majority of compounds significantly prevented the cell migration (p ≤ 0.05) and inhibited MET autophosphorylation. Interestingly, the level of phosphorylated MET was significantly correlated with KYSE-30 cell migration. Conclusion The obtained data introduced and confirmed the biological activities of the mentioned novel compounds in KYSE-30 cells and proposed that the therapeutic inhibition of MET with these compounds may be a powerful approach for inhibiting cancer cell migration and proliferation although some structural optimizations are needed to improve their inhibitory functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Negin Taghehchian
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Meysam Moghbeli
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Baratali Mashkani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Neill T, Kapoor A, Xie C, Buraschi S, Iozzo RV. A functional outside-in signaling network of proteoglycans and matrix molecules regulating autophagy. Matrix Biol 2021; 100-101:118-149. [PMID: 33838253 PMCID: PMC8355044 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Proteoglycans and selected extracellular matrix constituents are emerging as intrinsic and critical regulators of evolutionarily conversed, intracellular catabolic pathways. Often, these secreted molecules evoke sustained autophagy in a variety of cell types, tissues, and model systems. The unique properties of proteoglycans have ushered in a paradigmatic shift to broaden our understanding of matrix-mediated signaling cascades. The dynamic cellular pathway controlling autophagy is now linked to an equally dynamic and fluid signaling network embedded in a complex meshwork of matrix molecules. A rapidly emerging field of research encompasses multiple matrix-derived candidates, representing a menagerie of soluble matrix constituents including decorin, biglycan, endorepellin, endostatin, collagen VI and plasminogen kringle 5. These matrix constituents are pro-autophagic and simultaneously anti-angiogenic. In contrast, perlecan, laminin α2 chain, and lumican have anti-autophagic functions. Mechanistically, each matrix constituent linked to intracellular catabolic events engages a specific cell surface receptor that often converges on a common core of the autophagic machinery including AMPK, Peg3 and Beclin 1. We consider this matrix-evoked autophagy as non-canonical given that it occurs in an allosteric manner and is independent of nutrient availability or prevailing bioenergetics control. We propose that matrix-regulated autophagy is an important outside-in signaling mechanism for proper tissue homeostasis that could be therapeutically leveraged to combat a variety of diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Neill
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, and the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Aastha Kapoor
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, and the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christopher Xie
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, and the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Simone Buraschi
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, and the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Renato V Iozzo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, and the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhou L, Matsushima GK. Tyro3, Axl, Mertk receptor-mediated efferocytosis and immune regulation in the tumor environment. Int Rev Cell Mol Biol 2021; 361:165-210. [PMID: 34074493 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Three structurally related tyrosine receptor cell surface kinases, Tyro3, Axl, and Mertk (TAM) have been recognized to modulate immune function, tissue homeostasis, cardiovasculature, and cancer. The TAM receptor family appears to operate in adult mammals across multiple cell types, suggesting both widespread and specific regulation of cell functions and immune niches. TAM family members regulate tissue homeostasis by monitoring the presence of phosphatidylserine expressed on stressed or apoptotic cells. The detection of phosphatidylserine on apoptotic cells requires intermediary molecules that opsonize the dying cells and tether them to TAM receptors on phagocytes. This complex promotes the engulfment of apoptotic cells, also known as efferocytosis, that leads to the resolution of inflammation and tissue healing. The immune mechanisms dictating these processes appear to fall upon specific family members or may involve a complex of different receptors acting cooperatively to resolve and repair damaged tissues. Here, we focus on the role of TAM receptors in triggering efferocytosis and its consequences in the regulation of immune responses in the context of inflammation and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Zhou
- UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina-CH, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Glenn K Matsushima
- UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina-CH, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; UNC Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina-CH, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; UNC Integrative Program for Biological & Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina-CH, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bourn JR, Ruiz-Torres SJ, Hunt BG, Benight NM, Waltz SE. Tumor cell intrinsic RON signaling suppresses innate immune responses in breast cancer through inhibition of IRAK4 signaling. Cancer Lett 2021; 503:75-90. [PMID: 33508385 PMCID: PMC7981256 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that cancer cells require both alterations in intrinsic cellular processes and the tumor microenvironment for tumor establishment, growth, and progression to metastatic disease. Despite this, knowledge of tumor-cell intrinsic molecular mechanisms controlling both tumor cell processes as well as the tumor microenvironment is limited. In this study, we provide evidence demonstrating the novel role of RON signaling in regulating breast cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis through modulation of tumor cell intrinsic processes and the tumor microenvironment. Using clinically relevant models of breast cancer, we show that RON signaling in the mammary epithelial tumor cells promotes tumor cell survival and proliferation as well as an immunopermissive microenvironment associated with decreased M1 macrophage, natural killer (NK) cell, and CD8+ T cell recruitment. Moreover, we demonstrate that RON signaling supports these phenotypes through novel mechanisms involving suppression of IRAK4 signaling and inhibition of type I Interferons. Our studies indicate that activation of RON signaling within breast cancer cells promotes tumor cell intrinsic growth and immune evasion which support breast cancer progression and highlight the role of targeting RON signaling as a potential therapeutic strategy against breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Bourn
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0521, USA
| | - Sasha J Ruiz-Torres
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0521, USA
| | - Brian G Hunt
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0521, USA
| | - Nancy M Benight
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0521, USA
| | - Susan E Waltz
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0521, USA; Research Service, Cincinnati Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Shah AA, Kamal MA, Akhtar S. Tumor Angiogenesis and VEGFR-2: Mechanism, Pathways and Current Biological Therapeutic Interventions. Curr Drug Metab 2021; 22:50-59. [PMID: 33076807 DOI: 10.2174/1389200221666201019143252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiogenesis, involving the formation of new blood vessels from preexisting vessels, caters an important biological phenomenon for the growth and development of bodily structures in the human body. Regulation of angiogenesis in non-pathological conditions takes place through a well-defined balanced angiogenic-switch, which upon exposure to various pathological conditions may get altered. This makes the cells change their normal behavior resulting in uncontrolled division and angiogenesis. METHODS The current review tries to present a brief framework of angiogenesis and tumor progression phenomenon along with the latest therapeutic interventions against VEGFR-2 and its future directions. RESULTS The tumor angiogenic pathways functioning in diverse mechanisms via sprouting angiogenesis, intussusceptive angiogenesis, vascular co-option, vascular mimicry, and glomeruloid angiogenesis are normally activated by varied angiogenic stimulators and their receptors are interrelated to give rise to specialized signaling pathways. Amongst these receptors, VEGFR-2 is found as one of the key, critical mediators in tumor angiogenesis and is seen as a major therapeutic target for combating angiogenesis. Though a number of anti-angiogenic drugs like Ramucirumab, Sunitinib, Axitinib, Sorafenib, etc. showing good survival rates have been developed and approved by FDA against VEGFR-2, but these have also been found to be associated with serious health effects and adverse reactions. CONCLUSION An improved or alternative treatment is needed shortly that has a higher survival rate with the least side effects. Innovative strategies, including personalized medicine, nano-medicine, and cancer immunotherapy have also been outlined as an alternative treatment with a discussion on advancements and improvements required for their implementation methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Altaf A Shah
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow-226026, UP, India
| | - Mohammad A Kamal
- Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Peterlee Place, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia
| | - Salman Akhtar
- Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Peterlee Place, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Murugesan S, Murugesan J, Palaniappan S, Palaniappan S, Murugan T, Siddiqui SS, Loganathan S. Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs) in Lung Cancer Treatment: A Comprehensive Analysis. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2021; 21:55-69. [PMID: 33038912 DOI: 10.2174/1568009620666201009130008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading type of cancer worldwide today. Kinases play a crucial role in mediating the signaling pathways, and it directs to control several necessary cellular processes. Conversely, the deregulation of tyrosine kinases leads to oncogenic conversion, uncontrolled cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. Tyrosine kinases are largely deregulated in lung cancer and specifically in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Therefore, the inhibition of pathogenic kinases is a breakthrough development in cancer research, treatment and care, which clinically improve the quality of life. In the last decades, various single or combination inhibitors are approved by U.S Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and commercially available in clinics, and currently, several preclinical studies are ongoing and examining the kinase inhibitors. However, many gaps remain in understanding the mechanisms of kinase inhibitors and their selectivity. In this analysis, we focus on a class of receptor and non-receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors and their novel role in lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sivakumar Murugesan
- Department of Environmental Science, Periyar University, Salem-636011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jayakumar Murugesan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar- 608002, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Seedevi Palaniappan
- Department of Environmental Science, Periyar University, Salem-636011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sivasankar Palaniappan
- Department of Environmental Science, Periyar University, Salem-636011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Tamilselvi Murugan
- Department of Zoology, Government Arts College (Autonomous), Coimbatore-641018, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shahid S Siddiqui
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL-60637, United States
| | - Sivakumar Loganathan
- Department of Environmental Science, Periyar University, Salem-636011, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hojjat-Farsangi M, Moshfegh A, Schultz J, Norin M, Olin T, Österborg A, Mellstedt H. Targeting the Receptor Tyrosine Kinase ROR1 by Small Molecules. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 269:75-99. [PMID: 34490515 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are frequently dysregulated in malignancies and important for the malignant characteristics of tumor cells. RTKs are attractive structures for drug targeting of cancer. The RTK ROR1 is of significance during embryogenesis but downregulated in post-partum tissues. However, ROR1 is overexpressed in several hematological and solid tumors and important for tumor cell proliferation, survival, migration, and metastasis. WNT5a is a main ligand for ROR1. Several clinical trials are ongoing using anti-ROR1 antibody based drugs directed against the external domain (monoclonal antibodies, BiTE, CAR-T). We have produced small molecules (KAN834/1571c) fitting to the ATP pocket of the intracellular tyrosine kinase (TK) domain of ROR1 (TK inhibitor, TKI). These inhibitors of ROR1 prevented ROR1 phosphorylation and inactivated the WNT/β-catenin independent as well as WNT/β-catenin dependent pathways. ROR1-TKI induced apoptosis of ROR1 positive fresh patient derived tumor cells and appropriate cell lines and a dose and time dependent tumor reduction in animal models. In combination with other clinically relevant targeting drugs as venetoclax a synergistic apoptotic effect was seen. Two other small molecules (ARI-1 and strictinin) bound also to ROR1 and inhibited tumor growth. Development of small molecule ROR1 inhibitors is warranted to include this novel therapeutic approach for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Moshfegh
- BioClinicum, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Schultz
- Kancera AB, Karolinska Institutet Science Park, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Norin
- Kancera AB, Karolinska Institutet Science Park, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Olin
- Kancera AB, Karolinska Institutet Science Park, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Österborg
- BioClinicum, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Håkan Mellstedt
- BioClinicum, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Aryanezhad M, Abdi M, Amini S, Hassanzadeh K, Valadbeigi E, Rahimi K, Izadpanah E, Moloudi MR. Cinnamomum zeylanicum extract has antidepressant-like effects by increasing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor in prefrontal cortex of rats. Avicenna J Phytomed 2021; 11:302-313. [PMID: 34046326 PMCID: PMC8140207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Depression is one of the most common mood disorders. Considering the evidence on the effect of Cinnamomum on mood disorders, this study investigatedthe effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Cinnamomum (HEC) in an animal model of depression. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-two male rats were selected and divided into four groups (n=8) including: control, depressed, and depressed treated with200 and 400 mg/kg HEC. Depression induction protocol was conducted in all groups except for the control group. Sucrose preference test (SPT) and forced swimming test (FST) were done to analyze the depression score. After four weeks, the animals brain cortex was removed and BDNF protein and tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB) gene expression levels were determined by ELISA and Real Time PCR, respectively. RESULTS The results of this study showed that 400 mg/kg of HEC increased the tendency to drink the sucrose solution. Furthermore, immobility time significantly increased in the depressed group compared to the control group while it was attenuated by administration of 400 mg/kg extract on the 28th day versus the depressed group. Also the extract at both doses increased swimming time compared to the depressed group. In addition, an increase in the BDNF protein and TrkB gene expression levels was observed in the prefrontal cortex of the treatment groups. CONCLUSION We found that HEC ameliorated depression symptoms in rats and these effects were probably due to an increase in BDNF proteins and its receptor, TrkB, gene expressions in the prefrontal cortex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Aryanezhad
- Department of Biology, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdi
- Cancer and Immunology Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Sabrieh Amini
- Department of Biology, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Kambiz Hassanzadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Elham Valadbeigi
- Department of Biology, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Kaveh Rahimi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Esmael Izadpanah
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran,Corresponding Author: Tel: +98-8733664674, Fax: +98-8733664645, , x.moloudi@ muk.ac.ir
| | - Mohammad Raman Moloudi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran,Corresponding Author: Tel: +98-8733664674, Fax: +98-8733664645, , x.moloudi@ muk.ac.ir
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Shi Z, Li X, Wei M, Chen P, Zhang T, Ling X, Zhang J, Zhao C, Wang F, Liang G. Receptor tyrosine kinases-instructed release of its inhibitor from hydrogel to delay ovarian aging. Biomaterials 2021; 269:120536. [PMID: 33248720 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Premature ovarian failure (POF) is the most frequently occurred disease in ovary. Direct inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity can treat woman POF but brings adverse effects to women. Herein, by rational design of a hydrogelator Nap-Phe-Phe-Asp-Arg-Leu-Tyr-OH (Y) and co-assembling Y with an inhibitor of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK, an upstream kinase of mTOR), Ala-Glu-Ala-Ala-Leu-Tyr-Lys-Asn-Leu-Leu-His-Ser-OH (Inh), to form hydrogel Gel Y + Inh, we develop a "smart" strategy of RTK-responsive disassembly of the hydrogel to release Inh. Release of Inh moderately inhibits the activity of mTOR and therefore delays ovarian aging. Oocyte and zygote experiments show that Gel Y + Inh improves both meiotic maturation of the oocytes and early embryonic development of the zygotes. In vivo animal experiments indicate that Gel Y + Inh effectively delays ovarian aging in aged mice by down regulation of mTOR activity, stimulation of ovaries to secrete estrogen and progesterone, and development of more antral follicles for reproduction. We expect that our new hydrogel Gel Y + Inh could be applied to treat woman POF, as well as delay ovarian aging, in clinic in the near future.
Collapse
|
27
|
Foki E, Stanisz I, Kadletz L, Kotowski U, Seemann R, Schmid R, Heiduschka G. HS-173, a selective PI3K inhibitor, induces cell death in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2020; 133:26-31. [PMID: 32876741 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-020-01729-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The selective PI3K (Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor HS-173 has anticancer activity in non-small cell lung cancer and pancreatic cancer cells. Of all head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) 20% harbor specific mutations in the genome. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of HS-173 on HNSCC cell lines. METHODS The cell lines SCC25, CAL27 and FaDu were incubated with HS-173. Its antiproliferative effect was determined using the CCK‑8 cell proliferation assay. Combined incubation with cisplatin was performed and combination index analysis was conducted. To investigate its effect on radiotherapy, cells were irradiated with 2, 4, 6 and 8 Gy, respectively. Synergistic effects of radiation and HS-173 were measured by proliferation assays and clonogenic survival. RESULTS The use of HS-173 induced significant reduction of cell proliferation across all cell lines. Most interestingly, it showed a synergistic effect with cisplatin treatment. Clonogenic survival revealed a radiosensitizing effect in CAL27 and FaDu cells. The HS-173 caused significant induction of apoptosis in SCC25 and FaDu cells. CONCLUSION The selective PI3K inhibitor HS-173 is a potent chemosensitizing and also radiosensitizing drug in treatment of HNSCC cell lines and could be an effective treatment in PI3K-mutated HNSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Foki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Isabella Stanisz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lorenz Kadletz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulana Kotowski
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Seemann
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rainer Schmid
- Department of Radiotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Heiduschka
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Feng L, Li W, Chao Y, Huan Q, Lu F, Yi W, Jun W, Binbin C, Na L, Shougang Z. Synergistic Inhibition of Renal Fibrosis by Nintedanib and Gefitinib in a Murine Model of Obstructive Nephropathy. Kidney Dis (Basel) 2020; 7:34-49. [PMID: 33614732 DOI: 10.1159/000509670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Our recent studies demonstrated that both nintedanib, an FDA-approved quadruple kinase inhibitor, and gefitinib, an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor, protect against obstructive kidney disease. It remains unknown whether they have a synergistic effect. Methods In this study, we investigated the effect of combined administration of nintedanib and gefitinib on renal fibrosis in a murine model of renal fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Results Combined treatment with nintedanib and gefitinib after UUO resulted in a greater antifibrotic effect compared with their individual application. Mechanistically, administration of nintedanib blocked UUO-induced phosphorylation of multiple kinase receptors associated renal fibrosis, including platelet-derived growth factor receptors, fibroblast growth factor receptors, vascular endothelial growth factor receptors, and Src family kinase, while gefitinib inhibited EGFR phosphorylation. Their combination also exhibited a more pronounced effect in reducing expression of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2), increasing expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), and suppressing renal proinflammatory cytokine expression and macrophage infiltration in the injured kidney. Furthermore, simultaneous administration of nintedanib and gefitinib was more potent in inhibiting UUO-induced renal phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3), nuclear factor-κB, and Smad-3 compared with monotherapy. In cultured renal interstitial fibroblasts, cotreatment with these 2 inhibitors also had synergistic effects in abrogating transforming growth factor β1-induced activation of renal fibroblasts and phosphorylation of Akt, STAT3, and Smad3. Conclusions Combined application of nintedanib and gefitinib has a synergistic antifibrotic effect in the kidney and may hold translational potential for the treatment of chronic kidney disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liu Feng
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wang Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Chao
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Huan
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wang Yi
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wang Jun
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cui Binbin
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liu Na
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuang Shougang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Tissue factor (TF) is the primary initiator of the coagulation cascade, though its effects extend well beyond hemostasis. When TF binds to Factor VII, the resulting TF:FVIIa complex can proteolytically cleave transmembrane G protein-coupled protease-activated receptors (PARs). In addition to activating PARs, TF:FVIIa complex can also activate receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and integrins. These signaling pathways are utilized by tumors to increase cell proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, and cancer stem-like cell maintenance. Herein, we review in detail the regulation of TF expression, mechanisms of TF signaling, their pathological consequences, and how it is being targeted in experimental cancer therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dusten Unruh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, 303 East Superior St, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Craig Horbinski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, 303 East Superior St, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.,Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Rocha-Brito KJP, Fonseca EMB, Oliveira BGDF, Fátima ÂD, Ferreira-Halder CV. Calix[6]arene diminishes receptor tyrosine kinase lifespan in pancreatic cancer cells and inhibits their migration and invasion efficiency. Bioorg Chem 2020; 100:103881. [PMID: 32388429 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a challenging malignancy, mainly due to aggressive regional involvement, early systemic dissemination, high recurrence rate, and subsequent low patient survival. Scientific advances have contributed in particular by identification of molecular targets as well as the definition of the mechanism of action of the drug candidate in the cellular microenvironment. Previously, we have reported the identification of the molecular mechanisms by which calix[6]arene (CLX6) reduces the viability and proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells. Now, we show the biochemical mechanisms by which CLX6 decreases the aggressiveness of Panc-1 cells, focusing specifically on receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK). The results show that clathrin-mediated endocytosis is involved in CLX6-induced AXL receptor tyrosine kinase degradation in Panc-1 cells. This response may be related to the interaction of CLX6 with the tyrosine kinase receptor binding site (such as AXL). As a result, RTK is internalized and degraded by endocytosis, a condition that negatively impacts events dependent on its signaling. Additionally, CLX6 inhibits migration and invasion of Panc-1 cells by downregulating FAK (downstream mediator of AXL) activity and reducing expression levels of MMP2 and MMP9, directly related to the metastatic profile of these cells. It is noteworthy that according to the mechanism proposed here, CLX6 appears as a candidate to be used in therapeutic protocols of patients that display high expression of AXL and consequently, poor diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Juliane Pelizzaro Rocha-Brito
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Medicine, Health Sciences Center, University Center of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Emanuella Maria Barreto Fonseca
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of São Paulo, São Roque, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ângelo de Fátima
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Gómez-Ganau S, Castillo J, Cervantes A, de Julián-Ortiz JV, Gozalbes R. Computational Evaluation and In Vitro Validation of New Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors. Curr Top Med Chem 2020; 20:1628-1639. [PMID: 32493189 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200603122726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) is a transmembrane protein that acts as a receptor of extracellular protein ligands of the epidermal growth factor (EGF/ErbB) family. It has been shown that EGFR is overexpressed by many tumours and correlates with poor prognosis. Therefore, EGFR can be considered as a very interesting therapeutic target for the treatment of a large variety of cancers such as lung, ovarian, endometrial, gastric, bladder and breast cancers, cervical adenocarcinoma, malignant melanoma and glioblastoma. METHODS We have followed a structure-based virtual screening (SBVS) procedure with a library composed of several commercial collections of chemicals (615,462 compounds in total) and the 3D structure of EGFR obtained from the Protein Data Bank (PDB code: 1M17). The docking results from this campaign were then ranked according to the theoretical binding affinity of these molecules to EGFR, and compared with the binding affinity of erlotinib, a well-known EGFR inhibitor. A total of 23 top-rated commercial compounds displaying potential binding affinities similar or even better than erlotinib were selected for experimental evaluation. In vitro assays in different cell lines were performed. A preliminary test was carried out with a simple and standard quick cell proliferation assay kit, and six compounds showed significant activity when compared to positive control. Then, viability and cell proliferation of these compounds were further tested using a protocol based on propidium iodide (PI) and flow cytometry in HCT116, Caco-2 and H358 cell lines. RESULTS The whole six compounds displayed good effects when compared with erlotinib at 30 μM. When reducing the concentration to 10μM, the activity of the 6 compounds depends on the cell line used: the six compounds showed inhibitory activity with HCT116, two compounds showed inhibition with Caco-2, and three compounds showed inhibitory effects with H358. At 2 μM, one compound showed inhibiting effects close to those from erlotinib. CONCLUSION Therefore, these compounds could be considered as potential primary hits, acting as promising starting points to expand the therapeutic options against a wide range of cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Gómez-Ganau
- ProtoQSAR SL, European Center for Innovative Companies (CEEI), Valencia Technology Park, Avenida Benjamin Franklin 12, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Josefa Castillo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Andrés Cervantes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Rafael Gozalbes
- ProtoQSAR SL, European Center for Innovative Companies (CEEI), Valencia Technology Park, Avenida Benjamin Franklin 12, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Schröder MS, Harwardt MLIE, Rahm JV, Li Y, Freund P, Dietz MS, Heilemann M. Imaging the fibroblast growth factor receptor network on the plasma membrane with DNA-assisted single-molecule super-resolution microscopy. Methods 2020; 193:38-45. [PMID: 32389748 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) are a subfamily of receptor tyrosine kinases and central players in health and disease. Following ligand binding and the formation of homo- and heteromeric complexes, FGFRs initiate a cellular response. Challenges in studying FGFR activation are inner-subfamily interactions and a complex heterogeneity of these in the cell membrane, which demand for observation techniques that can resolve individual protein complexes and that are compatible with endogenous protein levels. Here, we established an imaging and analysis pipeline for multiplexed single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) of the FGFR network at the plasma membrane. Using DNA-labeled primary antibodies, we visualize all four FGFRs in the same cell with near-molecular spatial resolution. From the super-resolution imaging data, we extract information on FGFR density, spatial distribution, and inner-subfamily colocalization. Our approach is straightforward and easily adaptable to other multiplexed SMLM data of membrane proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Schröder
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Marie-Lena I E Harwardt
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Johanna V Rahm
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Yunqing Li
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Petra Freund
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Marina S Dietz
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Mike Heilemann
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Yin J, Jiao Y, Peng X, He H, Duan C. Ionic fluorescent sensor targeting receptor tyrosine kinases for biosystems imaging and application in flow cytometry. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 153:112026. [PMID: 31989936 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent imaging of receptor tyrosine kinases in living biosystems is an important means for the early diagnosis of cancer, herein an ionic fluorescent sensor (SNB) composed of targeting unit (sunitinib) and nile blue fluorophore linked via long flexible chain has been designed and evaluated. The SNB sensor exhibits distinct fluorescence responses to receptor tyrosine kinases derived from unfolding strategy and targeting ability, which were evaluated through 2D NMR analyses, optical studies, kinase activity assays. The SNB sensor has excellent membrane fluorescent imaging by electrostatic adsorption and can selectively insert into receptor tyrosine kinases domain pocket on the membrane of cancer cell lines. The SNB sensor has been successfully applied in flow cytometry for cell sorting and fluorescence imaging with tumor mouse model in vivo. The SNB senor may help transition the technology into a widely suitable tool for flow cytometry, imaging with confocal microscopes, whole animal imaging and possibly facilitating early diagnoses and treatment of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiqiu Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China; College of Medical Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Haiyang He
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Chunying Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Iida M, Harari PM, Wheeler DL, Toulany M. Targeting AKT/PKB to improve treatment outcomes for solid tumors. Mutat Res 2020; 819-820:111690. [PMID: 32120136 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2020.111690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The serine/threonine kinase AKT, also known as protein kinase B (PKB), is the major substrate to phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and consists of three paralogs: AKT1 (PKBα), AKT2 (PKBβ) and AKT3 (PKBγ). The PI3K/AKT pathway is normally activated by binding of ligands to membrane-bound receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) as well as downstream to G-protein coupled receptors and integrin-linked kinase. Through multiple downstream substrates, activated AKT controls a wide variety of cellular functions including cell proliferation, survival, metabolism, and angiogenesis in both normal and malignant cells. In human cancers, the PI3K/AKT pathway is most frequently hyperactivated due to mutations and/or overexpression of upstream components. Aberrant expression of RTKs, gain of function mutations in PIK3CA, RAS, PDPK1, and AKT itself, as well as loss of function mutation in AKT phosphatases are genetic lesions that confer hyperactivation of AKT. Activated AKT stimulates DNA repair, e.g. double strand break repair after radiotherapy. Likewise, AKT attenuates chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. These observations suggest that a crucial link exists between AKT and DNA damage. Thus, AKT could be a major predictive marker of conventional cancer therapy, molecularly targeted therapy, and immunotherapy for solid tumors. In this review, we summarize the current understanding by which activated AKT mediates resistance to cancer treatment modalities, i.e. radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and RTK targeted therapy. Next, the effect of AKT on response of tumor cells to RTK targeted strategies will be discussed. Finally, we will provide a brief summary on the clinical trials of AKT inhibitors in combination with radiochemotherapy, RTK targeted therapy, and immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Iida
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin in Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - P M Harari
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin in Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - D L Wheeler
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin in Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - M Toulany
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Tuebingen, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Tsimafeyeu I, Volkova M, Olshanskaia A, Raskin G, Aschuba S, Khochenkova Y, Bondarenko A, Khochenkov D. Expression of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases on Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma and Healthy Donors. Oncology 2020; 98:252-258. [PMID: 32053815 DOI: 10.1159/000505373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Very little is known about receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) expression on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in humans including renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients. OBJECTIVES The primary objective of this study was to evaluate expression levels of major RTKs on PBMC and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) isolated from RCC patients. The secondary aim was to compare levels of RTK expression in RCC patients before surgery and on the 180th day after surgery (lymphocyte lifetime) and to compare them with the expression in healthy donors. In addition, we compared RTK and PD-L1 expression in TIL. METHODS Tumor and blood samples were obtained from 20 patients with primary RCC immediately after surgical resection. Blood samples were collected from 20 healthy donors. Tumors were harvested into RPMI 1640 medium (Gibco) and processed within 4 h. TIL isolation was performed using a modified protocol [Baldan et al. Br J Cancer. 2015;112:1510-18]. Expression of RTKs was evaluated with NovoExpress Software. Twenty tumors from the same patients were stained with PD-L1 IHC assay (clone SP142; Ventana). RESULTS PBMC and TIL express RTKs in humans. The RTK expression level was significantly lower on peripheral blood cells in patients with RCC (mean 41%, range 27.1-62.6%) as compared with healthy donor PBMC (mean 77.1%, range 72.1-80.1%, all p < 0.05). Furthermore, RTK expression was significantly downregulated on intratumoral cells (mean 40%, range 23.2-52.3%) in comparison with healthy donor PBMC. There was no significant recovery of RTK expression on the 180th day except for VEGFR2. Five of 20 (25%) patients were PD-L1 positive. PD-L1 expression on TIL was strongly associated with downregulated expression of PDGFRα (p = 0.017) and PDGFRβ (p = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS PBMC and TIL had similar low RTK expression levels in RCC patients. PBMC of healthy humans had a significantly higher expression of RTK. PD-L1 and PDGFRα-β expression could correlate. Comprehensive basic and clinical studies will be needed to define a biological role of RTKs on different lymphocyte subsets and correlations between clinical outcomes and expression levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Volkova
- Department of Urology, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Anna Olshanskaia
- Department of Urology, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Grigory Raskin
- A.M. Granov Russian Scientific Center of Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Saida Aschuba
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Tumor Therapy, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yulia Khochenkova
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Tumor Therapy, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Dmitry Khochenkov
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Tumor Therapy, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Togliatti State University, Togliatti, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
The primary conclusions of our 2014 contribution to this series were as follows: Multiple receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) likely contribute to aggressive phenotypes in osteosarcoma and, therefore, inhibition of multiple RTKs is likely necessary for successful clinical outcomes. Inhibition of multiple RTKs may also be useful to overcome resistance to inhibitors of individual RTKs as well as resistance to conventional chemotherapies. Different combinations of RTKs are likely important in individual patients. AXL, EPHB2, FGFR2, IGF1R, and RET were identified as promising therapeutic targets by our in vitro phosphoproteomic/siRNA screen of 42 RTKs in the highly metastatic LM7 and 143B human osteosarcoma cell lines. This chapter is intended to provide an update on these topics as well as the large number of osteosarcoma clinical studies of inhibitors of multiple tyrosine kinases (multi-TKIs) that were recently published.
Collapse
|
37
|
Moosavi F, Giovannetti E, Saso L, Firuzi O. HGF/MET pathway aberrations as diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers in human cancers. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2019; 56:533-566. [PMID: 31512514 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2019.1653821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a major cause of death worldwide. MET tyrosine kinase receptor [MET, c-MET, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor] pathway activation is associated with the appearance of several hallmarks of cancer. The HGF/MET pathway has emerged as an important actionable target across many solid tumors; therefore, biomarker discovery becomes essential in order to guide clinical intervention and patient stratification with the aim of moving towards personalized medicine. The focus of this review is on how the aberrant activation of the HGF/MET pathway in tumor tissue or the circulation can provide diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and predictive biomarkers of drug response. Many meta-analyses have shown that aberrant activation of the MET pathway in tumor tissue, including MET gene overexpression, gene amplification, exon 14 skipping and other activating mutations, is almost invariably associated with shorter survival and poor prognosis. Most meta-analyses have been performed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), breast, head and neck cancers as well as colorectal, gastric, pancreatic and other gastrointestinal cancers. Furthermore, several studies have shown the predictive value of MET biomarkers in the identification of patients who gain the most benefit from HGF/MET targeted therapies administered as single or combination therapies. The highest predictive values have been observed for response to foretinib and savolitinib in renal cancer, as well as tivantinib in NSCLC and colorectal cancer. However, some studies, especially those based on MET expression, have failed to show much value in these stratifications. This may be rooted in lack of standardization of methodologies, in particular in scoring systems applied in immunohistochemistry determinations or absence of oncogenic addiction of cancer cells to the MET pathway, despite detection of overexpression. Measurements of amplification and mutation aberrations are less likely to suffer from these pitfalls. Increased levels of MET soluble ectodomain (sMET) in circulation have also been associated with poor prognosis; however, the evidence is not as strong as it is with tissue-based biomarkers. As a diagnostic biomarker, sMET has shown its value in distinguishing cancer patients from healthy individuals in prostate and bladder cancers and in melanoma. On the other hand, increased circulating HGF has also been presented as a valuable prognostic and diagnostic biomarker in many cancers; however, there is controversy on the predictive value of HGF as a biomarker. Other biomarkers such as circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and tumor HGF levels have also been briefly covered. In conclusion, HGF/MET aberrations can provide valuable diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers and represent vital assets for personalized cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Moosavi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center (VUmc) , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,Cancer Pharmacology Lab, AIRC Start Up Unit, Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza Onlus , Pisa , Italy
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, "Vittorio Erspamer," Sapienza University , Rome , Italy
| | - Omidreza Firuzi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Agarwal G, Smith AW, Jones B. Discoidin domain receptors: Micro insights into macro assemblies. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res 2019; 1866:118496. [PMID: 31229648 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Assembly of cell-surface receptors into specific oligomeric states and/or clusters before and after ligand binding is an important feature governing their biological function. Receptor oligomerization can be mediated by specific domains of the receptor, ligand binding, configurational changes or other interacting molecules. In this review we summarize our understanding of the oligomeric state of discoidin domain receptors (DDR1 and DDR2), which belong to the receptor tyrosine kinase family (RTK). DDRs form an interesting system from an oligomerization perspective as their ligand collagen(s) can also undergo supramolecular assembly to form fibrils. Even though DDR1 and DDR2 differ in the domains responsible to form ligand-free dimers they share similarities in binding to soluble, monomeric collagen. However, only DDR1b forms globular clusters in response to monomeric collagen and not DDR2. Interestingly, both DDR1 and DDR2 are assembled into linear clusters by the collagen fibril. Formation of these clusters is important for receptor phosphorylation and is mediated in part by other membrane components. We summarize how the oligomeric status of DDRs shares similarities with other members of the RTK family and with collagen receptors. Unraveling the multiple macro-molecular configurations adopted by this receptor-ligand pair can provide novel insights into the intricacies of cell-matrix interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gunjan Agarwal
- Biomedical Engineering Department, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Adam W Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | - Blain Jones
- Biomedical Engineering Department, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Yunus M, Jansson PJ, Kovacevic Z, Kalinowski DS, Richardson DR. Tumor-induced neoangiogenesis and receptor tyrosine kinases - Mechanisms and strategies for acquired resistance. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1863:1217-1225. [PMID: 31029846 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiogenesis is essential for tumor growth, proliferation and metastasis. Tumor-related angiogenesis is complex and involves multiple signaling pathways. Controlling angiogenesis is a promising strategy for limiting cancer progression. SCOPE OF REVIEW Several receptor tyrosine kinases influence the angiogenic response via multiple signaling molecules and pathways. Understanding the functional interaction of kinases in the angiogenic process and development of resistance to kinase inhibition is essential for future successful therapeutic strategies. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Strategies that target receptor tyrosine kinases and other tumor microenvironment factors simultaneously, or sequentially, are required for achieving an efficient and robust anti-angiogenic response. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Understanding the molecular mechanism of angiogenesis has improved, and has led, to the clinical development and approval of anti-angiogenic drugs. While many patients have benefited from these agents, their limited efficacy and the development of resistance remains a challenge. This review highlights current therapies and challenges associated with targeting angiogenesis in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madiha Yunus
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Patric J Jansson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Zaklina Kovacevic
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Danuta S Kalinowski
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Des R Richardson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, a better understanding of tumor biology and molecular features of gastric cancer has been reached. It may serve as a roadmap for patient stratification and trials of targeted therapies. The apparent efficacy of PD-1 blockade might be limited to a relatively small subset of advanced gastric cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, preclinical and clinical studies, which investigated molecular features, promising treatment targets, and immune checkpoint inhibitor in gastric cancer, were reviewed via PubMed and the congress webpages of the American Society of Clinical Oncology and European Society of Medical Oncology. RESULTS Next-generation sequencing technologies have defined the genomic landscape of gastric cancer. Indeed, several molecular classifications have been proposed, and distinct molecular subtypes have been identified. Based on these molecular profiles, clinical trials of new agents such as receptor tyrosine kinases inhibitors, antibody-drug conjugates, and IMAB362 (anti-Claudin 18.2) are ongoing. In addition, biomarkers to predict response during immune checkpoint inhibitors and combination therapy have been enthusiastically investigated. CONCLUSION Remarkable advances in an understanding of molecular profiles of gastric cancer enable the development of novel agents. The better treatment selection of immune checkpoint inhibitors or combination therapy should be established. These developments could facilitate precision medicine on gastric cancer in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Ishii
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Akihito Kawazoe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Kohei Shitara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kennedy SP, Han JZR, Portman N, Nobis M, Hastings JF, Murphy KJ, Latham SL, Cadell AL, Miladinovic D, Marriott GR, O'Donnell YEI, Shearer RF, Williams JT, Munoz AG, Cox TR, Watkins DN, Saunders DN, Timpson P, Lim E, Kolch W, Croucher DR. Targeting promiscuous heterodimerization overcomes innate resistance to ERBB2 dimerization inhibitors in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2019; 21:43. [PMID: 30898150 PMCID: PMC6429830 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-019-1127-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ERBB2 is known to dimerize with other EGFR family members, particularly ERBB3, through which it potently activates PI3K signalling. Antibody-mediated inhibition of this ERBB2/ERBB3/PI3K axis has been a cornerstone of treatment for ERBB2-amplified breast cancer patients for two decades. However, the lack of response and the rapid onset of relapse in many patients now question the assumption that the ERBB2/ERBB3 heterodimer is the sole relevant effector target of these therapies. Methods Through a systematic protein-protein interaction screen, we have identified and validated alternative RTKs that interact with ERBB2. Using quantitative readouts of signalling pathway activation and cell proliferation, we have examined their influence upon the mechanism of trastuzumab- and pertuzumab-mediated inhibition of cell growth in ERBB2-amplified breast cancer cell lines and a patient-derived xenograft model. Results We now demonstrate that inactivation of ERBB3/PI3K by these therapeutic antibodies is insufficient to inhibit the growth of ERBB2-amplified breast cancer cells. Instead, we show extensive promiscuity between ERBB2 and an array of RTKs from outside of the EGFR family. Paradoxically, pertuzumab also acts as an artificial ligand to promote ERBB2 activation and ERK signalling, through allosteric activation by a subset of these non-canonical RTKs. However, this unexpected activation mechanism also increases the sensitivity of the receptor network to the ERBB2 kinase inhibitor lapatinib, which in combination with pertuzumab, displays a synergistic effect in single-agent resistant cell lines and PDX models. Conclusions The interaction of ERBB2 with a number of non-canonical RTKs activates a compensatory signalling response following treatment with pertuzumab, although a counter-intuitive combination of ERBB2 antibody therapy and a kinase inhibitor can overcome this innate therapeutic resistance. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13058-019-1127-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean P Kennedy
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 370 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.,Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Jeremy Z R Han
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 370 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Neil Portman
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 370 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Hospital Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Max Nobis
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 370 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Jordan F Hastings
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 370 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Kendelle J Murphy
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 370 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Sharissa L Latham
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 370 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Antonia L Cadell
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 370 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Dushan Miladinovic
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 370 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Gabriella R Marriott
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 370 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Yolande E I O'Donnell
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 370 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Robert F Shearer
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 370 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - James T Williams
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 370 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Sydney, NSW, 2011, Australia
| | - Amaya Garcia Munoz
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Thomas R Cox
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 370 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Hospital Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - D Neil Watkins
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 370 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Hospital Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Darren N Saunders
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 370 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2025, Australia
| | - Paul Timpson
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 370 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Hospital Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Elgene Lim
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 370 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Hospital Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Walter Kolch
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.,Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.,School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - David R Croucher
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 370 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia. .,St Vincent's Hospital Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia. .,School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Fan Y, Bazai SK, Daian F, Arechederra M, Richelme S, Temiz NA, Yim A, Habermann BH, Dono R, Largaespada DA, Maina F. Evaluating the landscape of gene cooperativity with receptor tyrosine kinases in liver tumorigenesis using transposon-mediated mutagenesis. J Hepatol 2019; 70:470-82. [PMID: 30529386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The variety of alterations found in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) makes the identification of functionally relevant genes and their combinatorial actions in tumorigenesis challenging. Deregulation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) is frequent in HCC, yet little is known about the molecular events that cooperate with RTKs and whether these cooperative events play an active role at the root of liver tumorigenesis. METHODS A forward genetic screen was performed using Sleeping Beauty transposon insertional mutagenesis to accelerate liver tumour formation in a genetic context in which subtly increased MET RTK levels predispose mice to tumorigenesis. Systematic sequencing of tumours identified common transposon insertion sites, thus uncovering putative RTK cooperators for liver cancer. Bioinformatic analyses were applied to transposon outcomes and human HCC datasets. In vitro and in vivo (through xenografts) functional screens were performed to assess the relevance of distinct cooperative modes to the tumorigenic properties conferred by RTKs. RESULTS We identified 275 genes, most of which are altered in patients with HCC. Unexpectedly, these genes are not restricted to a small set of pathway/cellular processes, but cover a large spectrum of cellular functions, including signalling, metabolism, chromatin remodelling, mRNA degradation, proteasome, ubiquitination, cell cycle regulation, and chromatid segregation. We validated 15 tumour suppressor candidates, as shRNA-mediated targeting confers tumorigenicity to RTK-sensitized cells, but not to cells with basal RTK levels. This demonstrates that the context of enhanced RTK levels is essential for their action in tumour initiation. CONCLUSION Our study identifies unanticipated genetic interactions underlying gene cooperativity with RTKs in HCC. Moreover, these results show how subtly increased levels of wild-type RTKs provide a tumour permissive cellular environment allowing a large spectrum of deregulated mechanisms to initiate liver cancer. LAY SUMMARY Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are among signals frequently deregulated in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and their deregulation confers essential biological properties to cancer cells. We have applied a genetic method to randomly mutate large numbers of genes in the context of a mouse model with increased RTK levels, predisposed to develop liver cancer. We identified mechanisms that accelerate tumour formation in cooperation with enhanced RTK levels. The wide array of cellular functions among these cooperators illustrates an extraordinary capability of RTKs to render the liver more vulnerable to additional alterations, by priming cells for tumour initiation.
Collapse
|
43
|
Wintgens JP, Wichert SP, Popovic L, Rossner MJ, Wehr MC. Monitoring activities of receptor tyrosine kinases using a universal adapter in genetically encoded split TEV assays. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:1185-99. [PMID: 30623207 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-03003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) play key roles in various aspects of
cell biology, including cell-to-cell communication, proliferation and
differentiation, survival, and tissue homeostasis, and have been implicated in
various diseases including cancer and neurodevelopmental disorders. Ligand-activated
RTKs recruit adapter proteins through a phosphotyrosine (p-Tyr) motif that is
present on the RTK and a p-Tyr-binding domain, like the Src homology 2 (SH2) domain
found in adapter proteins. Notably, numerous combinations of RTK/adapter
combinations exist, making it challenging to compare receptor activities in
standardised assays. In cell-based assays, a regulated adapter recruitment can be
investigated using genetically encoded protein–protein interaction detection
methods, such as the split TEV biosensor assay. Here, we applied the split TEV
technique to robustly monitor the dynamic recruitment of both naturally occurring
full-length adapters and artificial adapters, which are formed of clustered SH2
domains. The applicability of this approach was tested for RTKs from various
subfamilies including the epidermal growth factor (ERBB) family, the insulin
receptor (INSR) family, and the hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGFR) family.
Best signal-to-noise ratios of ligand-activated RTK receptor activation was obtained
when clustered SH2 domains derived from GRB2 were used as adapters. The sensitivity
and robustness of the RTK recruitment assays were validated in dose-dependent
inhibition assays using the ERBB family-selective antagonists lapatinib and WZ4002.
The RTK split TEV recruitment assays also qualify for high-throughput screening
approaches, suggesting that the artificial adapter may be used as universal adapter
in cell-based profiling assays within pharmacological intervention studies.
Collapse
|
44
|
Polyansky AA, Bocharov EV, Velghe AI, Kuznetsov AS, Bocharova OV, Urban AS, Arseniev AS, Zagrovic B, Demoulin JB, Efremov RG. Atomistic mechanism of the constitutive activation of PDGFRA via its transmembrane domain. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1863:82-95. [PMID: 30253204 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Single-point mutations in the transmembrane (TM) region of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) can lead to abnormal ligand-independent activation. We use a combination of computational modeling, NMR spectroscopy and cell experiments to analyze in detail the mechanism of how TM domains contribute to the activation of wild-type (WT) PDGFRA and its oncogenic V536E mutant. Using a computational framework, we scan all positions in PDGFRA TM helix for identification of potential functional mutations for the WT and the mutant and reveal the relationship between the receptor activity and TM dimerization via different interfaces. This strategy also allows us design a novel activating mutation in the WT (I537D) and a compensatory mutation in the V536E background eliminating its constitutive activity (S541G). We show both computationally and experimentally that single-point mutations in the TM region reshape the TM dimer ensemble and delineate the structural and dynamic determinants of spontaneous activation of PDGFRA via its TM domain. Our atomistic picture of the coupling between TM dimerization and PDGFRA activation corroborates the data obtained for other RTKs and provides a foundation for developing novel modulators of the pathological activity of PDGFRA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anton A Polyansky
- MM Shemyakin and Yu A Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya, 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Campus Vienna Biocenter 5, A-1030 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Eduard V Bocharov
- MM Shemyakin and Yu A Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya, 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Institutskiy Pereulok 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow region 141700, Russia; National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Akad. Kurchatova pl. 1, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Amélie I Velghe
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 75, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andrey S Kuznetsov
- MM Shemyakin and Yu A Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya, 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Institutskiy Pereulok 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow region 141700, Russia; Higher School of Economics, Myasnitskaya 20, 101000 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga V Bocharova
- MM Shemyakin and Yu A Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya, 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Institutskiy Pereulok 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow region 141700, Russia
| | - Anatoly S Urban
- MM Shemyakin and Yu A Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya, 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Institutskiy Pereulok 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow region 141700, Russia
| | - Alexander S Arseniev
- MM Shemyakin and Yu A Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya, 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Institutskiy Pereulok 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow region 141700, Russia
| | - Bojan Zagrovic
- Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Campus Vienna Biocenter 5, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jean-Baptiste Demoulin
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 75, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Roman G Efremov
- MM Shemyakin and Yu A Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya, 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Institutskiy Pereulok 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow region 141700, Russia; Higher School of Economics, Myasnitskaya 20, 101000 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Shlamkovich T, Aharon L, Koslawsky D, Einav Y, Papo N. Targeting the Tie2-α vβ 3 integrin axis with bi-specific reagents for the inhibition of angiogenesis. BMC Biol 2018; 16:92. [PMID: 30119679 PMCID: PMC6097439 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-018-0557-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased activity of the receptor tyrosine kinase Tie2 has been implicated in the promotion of pathological angiogenesis. This activity is mainly mediated through angiopoietin (Ang)1- and Ang2-dependent activation of integrins by Tie2, rendering the Ang/Tie2/integrin axis an attractive putative target for cancer therapeutics. RESULTS To target this axis, we developed single domain, non-immunoglobulin high-affinity bi-specific protein inhibitors against both Tie2 and αvβ3 integrin. We have previously engineered the Ang2-binding domain of Tie2 (Ang2-BD) as a Tie2 inhibitor. Here, we engineered an exposed loop in Ang2-BD to generate variants that include an integrin-binding Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motif and used flow cytometry screening of a yeast-displayed Ang2-BD RGD loop library to identify the integrin antagonists. The bi-specific antagonists targeting both Tie2 and αvβ3 integrin inhibited adhesion and proliferation of endothelial cells cultured together with the αvβ3 integrin ligand vitronectin, as well as endothelial cell invasion and tube formation. The bi-specific reagents inhibited downstream signaling by Tie2 intracellularly in response to its agonist Ang1 more effectively than the wild-type Ang2 BD that binds Tie2 alone. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, this study-the first to describe inhibitors targeting all the known functions resulting from Tie2/integrin αvβ3 cross-talk-has created new tools for studying Tie2- and integrin αvβ3-dependent molecular pathways and provides the basis for the rational and combinatorial engineering of ligand-Tie2 and ligand-integrin αvβ3 receptor interactions. Given the roles of these pathways in cancer angiogenesis and metastasis, this proof of principle study paves the route to create novel Tie2/integrin αvβ3-targeting proteins for clinical use as imaging and therapeutic agents.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/chemistry
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Animals
- Mice
- Neovascularization, Physiologic/genetics
- Receptor, TIE-2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, TIE-2/chemistry
- Receptor, TIE-2/genetics
- Receptor, TIE-2/metabolism
- Receptors, Vitronectin/chemistry
- Receptors, Vitronectin/genetics
- Receptors, Vitronectin/metabolism
- Ribonuclease, Pancreatic/antagonists & inhibitors
- Ribonuclease, Pancreatic/chemistry
- Ribonuclease, Pancreatic/genetics
- Ribonuclease, Pancreatic/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomer Shlamkovich
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering and the National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, 84105, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Lidan Aharon
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering and the National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, 84105, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Dana Koslawsky
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering and the National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, 84105, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Yulia Einav
- Faculty of Engineering, Holon Institute of Technology, Holon, Israel
| | - Niv Papo
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering and the National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, 84105, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Striese F, Sihver W, Gao F, Bergmann R, Walther M, Pietzsch J, Steinbach J, Pietzsch HJ. Exploring pitfalls of 64Cu-labeled EGFR-targeting peptide GE11 as a potential PET tracer. Amino Acids 2018; 50:1415-31. [PMID: 30039310 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2616-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) represents an important molecular target for both radiotracer-based diagnostic imaging and radionuclide therapy of various cancer entities. For the delivery of radionuclides to the tumor, peptides hold great potential as a transport vehicle. With respect to EGFR, the peptide YHWYGYTPQNVI (GE11) has been reported to bind the receptor with high specificity and affinity. In the present study, GE11 with β-alanine (β-Ala-GE11) was conjugated to the chelating agent p-SCN-Bn-NOTA and radiolabeled with 64Cu for the first radio pharmacological evaluation as a potential probe for positron emission tomography (PET)-based cancer imaging. For better water solubility, an ethylene glycol-based linker was introduced between the peptide's N terminus and the radionuclide chelator. The stability of the 64Cu-labeled peptide conjugate and its binding to EGFR-expressing tumor cells was investigated in vitro and in vivo, and then compared with the 64Cu-labeled EGFR-targeting antibody conjugate NOTA-cetuximab. The GE11 peptide conjugate [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-linker-β-Ala-GE11 ([64Cu]Cu-1) was stable in a buffer solution for at least 24 h but only 50% of the original compound was detected after 24 h of incubation in human serum. Stability could be improved by amidation of the peptide's C terminus (β-Ala-GE11-NH2 (2)). Binding assays with both conjugates, [64Cu]Cu-1 and [64Cu]Cu-2, using the EGFR-expressing tumor cell lines A431 and FaDu showed no specific binding. A pilot small animal PET investigation in FaDu tumor-bearing mice revealed only low tumor uptake (standard uptake value (SUV) < 0.2) for both conjugates. The best tumor-to-muscle ratio determined was 3.75 for [64Cu]Cu-1, at 1 h post injection. In conclusion, the GE11 conjugates in its present form are not suitable for further biological investigations, since they presumably form aggregates.
Collapse
|
47
|
Berning P, Schaefer C, Clemens D, Korsching E, Dirksen U, Potratz J. The CXCR4 antagonist plerixafor (AMD3100) promotes proliferation of Ewing sarcoma cell lines in vitro and activates receptor tyrosine kinase signaling. Cell Commun Signal 2018; 16:21. [PMID: 29776413 PMCID: PMC5960216 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-018-0233-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The CXCR4 receptor antagonist plerixafor (AMD3100) is raising interest as an anti-cancer agent that disrupts the CXCL12-CXCR4 chemokine - receptor interaction between neoplastic cells and their microenvironment in tumor progression and metastasis. Here, we investigated plerixafor for anti-cancer activity in Ewing sarcoma, a rare and aggressive cancer of bone and soft tissues. METHODS We used a variety of methods such as cell viability and migration assays, flow cytometry, phospho-tyrosine arrays and western blotting to determine plerixafor effects on five characterized Ewing sarcoma cell lines and a low-passage culture in vitro. RESULTS Unexpectedly, plerixafor led to an increase in cell viability and proliferation in standard cell growth conditions, and to chemotactic migration towards plerixafor. Exploring potential molecular mechanisms underlying this effect, we found that Ewing sarcoma cell lines divided into classes of high- and low-level CXCR4 surface expression. Proliferative plerixafor responses were observed in both groups, maintained despite significant CXCR4 down-regulation or inhibition of Gαi-protein signal transduction, and involved activation of multiple receptor tyrosine kinases (DDR2, MERTK, MST1R, NTRK1, RET), the most prominent being platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRB). PDGFRB was activated in response to inhibition of the CXCL12-CXCR4 axis by plerixafor and/or pertussis toxin (Gαi-protein inhibitor). Dasatinib, a multi-kinase inhibitor of both PDGFRB and the CXCR4 downstream kinase SRC, counteracted this activation in some but not all cell lines. CONCLUSION These data suggest a feedback interaction between the CXCR4 chemokine receptor and RTK signaling cascades that elicits compensatory cell survival signaling and can shift the net effect of plerixafor towards proliferation. PDGFRB was identified as a candidate driver RTK and potential therapeutic co-target for CXCR4 in Ewing sarcoma. Although as yet limited to in vitro studies, these findings call for further investigation in the cancer - microenvironment interplay in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Berning
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Present address: Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Christiane Schaefer
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics III, West German Cancer Centre, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Dagmar Clemens
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Eberhard Korsching
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Uta Dirksen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics III, West German Cancer Centre, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Jenny Potratz
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
Resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs exemplifies the greatest hindrance to effective treatment of cancer patients. The molecular mechanisms responsible have been investigated for over 50 years and have revealed the lack of a single cause, but instead, multiple mechanisms including induced expression of membrane transporters that pump drugs out of cells (multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype), changes in the glutathione system, and altered metabolism. Treatment of cancer patients/cancer cells with chemotherapeutic agents and/or molecularly targeted drugs is accompanied by acquisition of resistance to the treatment administered. Chemotherapeutic agent resistance was initially assumed to be due to induction of mutations leading to a resistant phenotype. While this has occurred for molecularly targeted drugs, it is clear that drugs selectively targeting tyrosine kinases (TKs) cause the acquisition of mutational changes and resistance to inhibition. The first TK to be targeted, Bcr-Abl, led to the generation of several drugs including imatinib, dasatinib, and sunitinib that provided a rich understanding of this phenomenon. It became clear that mutations alone were not the only cause of resistance. Additional mechanisms were involved, including alternative splicing, alternative/compensatory signaling pathways, and epigenetic changes. This review will focus on resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), receptor TK (RTK)-directed antibodies, and antibodies that inactivate specific RTK ligands. New approaches and concepts aimed at avoiding the generation of drug resistance will be examined. Many RTKs, including the IGF-1R, are dependence receptors that induce ligand-independent apoptosis. How this signaling paradigm has implications on therapeutic strategies will also be considered.
Collapse
|
49
|
Montor WR, Salas AROSE, Melo FHMD. Receptor tyrosine kinases and downstream pathways as druggable targets for cancer treatment: the current arsenal of inhibitors. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:55. [PMID: 29455659 PMCID: PMC5817866 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0792-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Searching for targets that allow pharmacological inhibition of cell proliferation in over-proliferative states, such as cancer, leads us to finely understand the complex mechanisms orchestrating the perfect control of mitosis number, frequency and pace as well as the molecular arrangements that induce cells to enter functional quiescence and brings them back to cycling in specific conditions. Although the mechanisms regulating cell proliferation have been described several years ago, never before has so much light been shed over this machinery as during the last decade when therapy targets have been explored and molecules, either synthetic or in the form of antibodies with the potential of becoming cancer drugs were produced and adjusted for specific binding and function. Proteins containing tyrosine kinase domains, either membrane receptors or cytoplasmic molecules, plus the ones activated by those in downstream pathways, having tyrosine kinase domains or not, such as RAS which is a GTPase and serine/threonine kinases such as RAF, play crucial role in conducting proliferation information from cell surroundings to the nucleus where gene expression takes place. Tyrosine kinases phosphorylate tyrosine residues in an activating mode and are found in important growth factor receptors, such as for ligands from families collectively known as VEGF, PDGF and EGF, to name a few and in intracellular downstream molecules. They all play important roles in normal physiology and are commonly found mutated or overexpressed in neoplastic states. Our objective here is to present such kinases as druggable targets for cancer therapy, highlighting the ones for which the pharmacological arsenal is available, discussing specificity, resistance mechanisms and treatment alternatives in cases of resistance, plus listing potential targets that have not been successfully worked yet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wagner Ricardo Montor
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
The neurotrophins are a family of closely related proteins that were first identified as survival factors for sympathetic and sensory neurons and have since been shown to control a number of aspects of survival, development, and function of neurons in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. Limiting quantities of neurotrophins during development control the numbers of surviving neurons to ensure a match between neurons and the requirement for a suitable density of target innervation. Biological effects of each of the four mammalian neurotrophins are mediated through activation of one or more of the three members of the tropomyosin-related kinase (Trk) family of receptor tyrosine kinases (TrkA, TrkB, and TrkC). In addition, all neurotrophins activate the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR), a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily. Neurotrophin engagement of Trk receptors leads to activation of Ras, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, phospholipase C-γ1, and signaling pathways controlled through these proteins, including the mitogen-activated protein kinases. Neurotrophin availability is required into adulthood, where they control synaptic function and plasticity and sustain neuronal cell survival, morphology, and differentiation. This article will provide an overview of neurotrophin biology, their receptors, and signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D Skaper
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|