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Su YF, Lin CS, Shen PC, Chuang SE, Dai YH, Huang TW, Lin CY, Hung YJ, Shieh YS. MiR-34a functions as a tumor suppressor in oral cancer through the inhibition of the Axl/Akt/GSK-3β pathway. J Dent Sci 2024; 19:428-437. [PMID: 38303867 PMCID: PMC10829669 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2023.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Oral cancer is a prevalent malignancy affecting men globally. This study aimed to investigate the regulatory role of miR-34a in oral cancer cells through the Axl/Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) pathway and its impact on cellular malignancy. Materials and methods We examined the effects of miR-34a overexpression on the malignancy of oral cancer cells. Multiple oral cancer cell lines were assessed to determine the correlation between endogenous miR-34a and Axl levels. Transfection experiments with miR-34a were conducted to analyze its influence on Axl mRNA and protein expression. Luciferase reporter assays were performed to investigate miR-34a's modulation of Axl gene transcription. Manipulation of miR-34a expression was utilized to demonstrate its regulatory effects on oral cancer cells through the Axl/Akt/GSK-3β pathway. Results Overexpression of miR-34a significantly suppressed the malignancy of oral cancer cells. We observed an inverse correlation between endogenous miR-34a and Axl levels across multiple oral cancer cell lines. Transfection of miR-34a resulted in decreased Axl mRNA and protein expression, and luciferase reporter assays confirmed miR-34a-mediated modulation of Axl gene transcription. The study revealed regulatory effects of miR-34a on oral cancer cells through the Axl/Akt/GSK-3β pathway, leading to alterations in downstream target genes involved in cellular proliferation and tumorigenesis. Conclusion Our findings highlight the significance of the miR-34a/Axl/Akt/GSK-3β signaling axis in modulating the malignancy of oral cancer cells. Targeting miR-34a may hold therapeutic potential in oral cancer treatment, as manipulating its expression can attenuate the aggressive behavior of oral cancer cells via the Axl/Akt/GSK-3β pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fu Su
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Shu Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chien Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shuang-En Chuang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Hong Dai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Wang Huang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Che-Yi Lin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Hung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shing Shieh
- Department of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Su YF, Shen PC, Huang WY, Hung YJ, Huang TW, Lin CY, Shieh YS. Nuclear translocation of Axl contributes to the malignancy of oral cancer cells. J Dent Sci 2024; 19:438-447. [PMID: 38303797 PMCID: PMC10829653 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2023.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Dysregulation of receptor tyrosine kinases is implicated in cancer development. This study aimed to investigate the nuclear translocation of Axl, a membrane protein and receptor tyrosine kinase in cancer malignancy. Materials and methods We examined Axl's entry into the cell nucleus and validated it with the nuclear export inhibitor leptomycin. Transfection experiments with mutated nuclear localization signals were conducted to assess the impact of reduced nuclear Axl levels on cancer cell malignancy. Additionally, we evaluated the effects of decreased nuclear Axl on sensitivity to radiation and cisplatin, a chemotherapeutic drug. Results In the present study, we observed nuclear translocation of Axl in cancer cells. Reducing nuclear Axl levels led to a decrease in cancer cell malignancy. This nuclear translocation was further validated using a nuclear export inhibitor, leptomycin. Additionally, transfection experiments with mutated nuclear localization signals confirmed the functional significance of Axl's nuclear localization. Notably, decreased nuclear Axl levels also increased the sensitivity of cancer cells to radiation and cisplatin treatment. Conclusion This study suggests that Axl's nuclear translocation plays a significant role in cancer malignancy. Targeting Axl's nuclear localization could offer a potential strategy to inhibit cancer progression and improve the efficacy of radiation and chemotherapy treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fu Su
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chien Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yen Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Hung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Wang Huang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Che-Yi Lin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shing Shieh
- Department of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Shen PC, Wang YF, Chang HC, Huang WY, Lo CH, Su YF, Yang JF, Lin CS, Dai YH. Developing a novel DNA methylation risk score for survival and identification of prognostic gene mutations in endometrial cancer: a study based on TCGA data. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2022; 52:992-1000. [DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyac077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Few studies have focused on DNA methylation in endometrial cancer. The aim of our study is identify its role in endometrial cancer prognosis.
Methods
A publicly available dataset was retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas. For validation of expression alteration due to methylation, RNA sequencing data were obtained from other independent cohorts. MethSurv was used to search for candidate CpG probes, which were then filtered by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression and multivariate Cox regression analyses to identify final set of CpG probes for overall survival. A methylation-based risk model was developed and receiver operating characteristic analysis with area under curve was used for evaluation. Patients were divided into high- and low-risk groups using an optimal cut-off point. Comprehensive bioinformatic analyses were conducted to identify hub genes, key transcription factors, and enriched cancer-related pathways. Kaplan–Meier curve was used for survival analysis.
Results
A 5-CpG signature score was established. Its predictive value for 5-year overall survival was high, with area under curve of 0.828, 0.835 and 0.816 for the training, testing and entire cohorts. cg27487839 and cg12885678 had strong correlation with their gene expression, XKR6 and PTPRN2, and lower PTPRN2 expression was associated with poorer survival in both The Cancer Genome Atlas and the validation datasets. Low-risk group was associated with significantly better survival. Low-risk group harboured more mutations in hub genes and key transcription factors, and mutations in SP1 and MECP2 represented favourable outcome.
Conclusion
We developed a methylation-based prognostic stratification system for endometrial cancer. Low-risk group was associated with better survival and harboured more mutations in the key regulatory genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chien Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Fu Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei
| | - Hao-Chih Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei
| | - Wen-Yen Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei
| | - Cheng-Hsiang Lo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei
| | - Yu-Fu Su
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei
| | - Jen-Fu Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei
| | - Chun-Shu Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei
| | - Yang-Hong Dai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei
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Shen PC, Huang WY, Dai YH, Lo CH, Yang JF, Su YF, Wang YF, Lu CF, Lin CS. Radiomics-Based Predictive Model of Radiation-Induced Liver Disease in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients Receiving Stereo-Tactic Body Radiotherapy. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030597. [PMID: 35327398 PMCID: PMC8945465 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The application of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) limited the risk of the radiation-induced liver disease (RILD) and we aimed to predict the occurrence of RILD more accurately. (2) Methods: 86 HCC patients were enrolled. We identified key predictive factors from clinical, radiomic, and dose-volumetric parameters using a multivariate analysis, sequential forward selection (SFS), and a K-nearest neighbor (KNN) algorithm. We developed a predictive model for RILD based on these factors, using the random forest or logistic regression algorithms. (3) Results: Five key predictive factors in the training set were identified, including the albumin–bilirubin grade, difference average, strength, V5, and V30. After model training, the F1 score, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the final random forest model were 0.857, 100, 93.3, and 94.4% in the test set, respectively. Meanwhile, the logistic regression model yielded an F1 score, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 0.8, 66.7, 100, and 94.4% in the test set, respectively. (4) Conclusions: Based on clinical, radiomic, and dose-volumetric factors, our models achieved satisfactory performance on the prediction of the occurrence of SBRT-related RILD in HCC patients. Before undergoing SBRT, the proposed models may detect patients at high risk of RILD, allowing to assist in treatment strategies accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chien Shen
- National Defense Medical Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (P.-C.S.); (W.-Y.H.); (Y.-H.D.); (C.-H.L.); (J.-F.Y.); (Y.-F.S.); (Y.-F.W.)
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yen Huang
- National Defense Medical Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (P.-C.S.); (W.-Y.H.); (Y.-H.D.); (C.-H.L.); (J.-F.Y.); (Y.-F.S.); (Y.-F.W.)
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Hong Dai
- National Defense Medical Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (P.-C.S.); (W.-Y.H.); (Y.-H.D.); (C.-H.L.); (J.-F.Y.); (Y.-F.S.); (Y.-F.W.)
| | - Cheng-Hsiang Lo
- National Defense Medical Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (P.-C.S.); (W.-Y.H.); (Y.-H.D.); (C.-H.L.); (J.-F.Y.); (Y.-F.S.); (Y.-F.W.)
| | - Jen-Fu Yang
- National Defense Medical Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (P.-C.S.); (W.-Y.H.); (Y.-H.D.); (C.-H.L.); (J.-F.Y.); (Y.-F.S.); (Y.-F.W.)
- National Defense Medical Center, Institute of Medical Science, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fu Su
- National Defense Medical Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (P.-C.S.); (W.-Y.H.); (Y.-H.D.); (C.-H.L.); (J.-F.Y.); (Y.-F.S.); (Y.-F.W.)
- National Defense Medical Center, Institute of Medical Science, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Fu Wang
- National Defense Medical Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (P.-C.S.); (W.-Y.H.); (Y.-H.D.); (C.-H.L.); (J.-F.Y.); (Y.-F.S.); (Y.-F.W.)
| | - Chia-Feng Lu
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-F.L.); (C.-S.L.); Tel.: +886-2-2826-7308 (C.-F.L.); +886-2-8792-7122 (C.-S.L.)
| | - Chun-Shu Lin
- National Defense Medical Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (P.-C.S.); (W.-Y.H.); (Y.-H.D.); (C.-H.L.); (J.-F.Y.); (Y.-F.S.); (Y.-F.W.)
- Correspondence: (C.-F.L.); (C.-S.L.); Tel.: +886-2-2826-7308 (C.-F.L.); +886-2-8792-7122 (C.-S.L.)
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He JQ, Su YF, Wang XZ, Sun HM, Qin H. [Benign rhabdomyoma originated from posterior laryngeal commissure: a case report]. Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2021; 56:507-509. [PMID: 34011008 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20200812-00666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Q He
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Y F Su
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - X Z Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - H M Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Huamin Qin
- Department of Pathology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China
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Hsu CC, Su YF, Tsai KY, Kuo FC, Chiang CF, Chien CY, Chen YC, Lee CH, Wu YC, Wang K, Liu SY, Shieh YS. Correction to: Gamma synuclein is a novel nicotine responsive protein in oral cancer malignancy. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:410. [PMID: 32863769 PMCID: PMC7448332 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01478-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chen Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114 Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fu Su
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114 Taiwan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114 Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Yang Tsai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, 500 Taiwan.,College of Nursing and Health Science, Da-Yeh University, Chang-hua, 515 Taiwan
| | - Feng-Chih Kuo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114 Taiwan
| | - Chi-Fu Chiang
- Department of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Sec. 6, Min‑Chuan East Rd., Nei‑Hu, Taipei, 114 Taiwan
| | - Chu-Yen Chien
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114 Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chen Chen
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114 Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsing Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114 Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chiao Wu
- Department of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Sec. 6, Min‑Chuan East Rd., Nei‑Hu, Taipei, 114 Taiwan
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardinal Tien Hospital and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shyun-Yeu Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, 710 Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shing Shieh
- Department of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Sec. 6, Min‑Chuan East Rd., Nei‑Hu, Taipei, 114 Taiwan.,Department and Graduate Institute of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114 Taiwan
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Hsu CC, Su YF, Tsai KY, Kuo FC, Chiang CF, Chien CY, Chen YC, Lee CH, Wu YC, Wang K, Liu SY, Shieh YS. Gamma synuclein is a novel nicotine responsive protein in oral cancer malignancy. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:300. [PMID: 32669976 PMCID: PMC7350738 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01401-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The mechanisms of neuronal protein γ-synuclein (SNCG) in the malignancy of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are not clear. This study tested the hypothesis that SNCG is involved in nicotine-induced malignant behaviors of OSCC. The effect of nicotine on SNCG expression and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers were examined. Methods Short hairpin RNA (shRNA) and an antagonist specific for α7-nicotine acetylcholine receptors (α7-nAChRs) were used to examine the role of α7-nAChRs in mediating the effects of nicotine. Knockdown of SNCG in nicotine-treated cells was performed to investigate the role of SNCG in cancer malignancy. The in vivo effect of nicotine was examined using a nude mouse xenotransplantation model. Results Nicotine increased SNCG expression in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Nicotine treatment also increased E-cadherin and ZO-1 and decreased fibronectin and vimentin expression. After specific knockdown of α7-nAChRs and inhibition of the PI3/AKT signal, the effect of nicotine on SNCG expression was attenuated. Silencing of SNCG abolished nicotine-induced invasion and migration of OSCC cells. The xenotransplantation model revealed that nicotine augmented tumor growth and SNCG expression. Conclusion Nicotine upregulated SNCG expression by activating the α7-nAChRs/PI3/AKT signaling that are participated in nicotine-induced oral cancer malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chen Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114 Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fu Su
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114 Taiwan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114 Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Yang Tsai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, 500 Taiwan.,College of Nursing and Health Science, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, 515 Taiwan
| | - Feng-Chih Kuo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114 Taiwan
| | - Chi-Fu Chiang
- Department of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No.161, Sec.6, Min-Chuan East Rd., Nei-Hu, Taipei, 114 Taiwan
| | - Chu-Yen Chien
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114 Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chen Chen
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114 Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsing Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114 Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chiao Wu
- Department of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No.161, Sec.6, Min-Chuan East Rd., Nei-Hu, Taipei, 114 Taiwan
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardinal Tien Hospital and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shyun-Yeu Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, 710 Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shing Shieh
- Department of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No.161, Sec.6, Min-Chuan East Rd., Nei-Hu, Taipei, 114 Taiwan.,Department and Graduate Institute of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114 Taiwan
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Yang F, Sun XD, Yuan L, Zhang JC, Hu JW, Liu N, Lou X, Su YF, Yu ZY, Chen JL, Li YH, Hu LD, Chen H, Jiang M. [Comparative study on the efficacy and safety between pegfilgrastim (PEG-rhG-CSF) and recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in promoting hematopoietic recovery after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation after hematological malignancy]. Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 2019; 38:831-836. [PMID: 29166733 PMCID: PMC7364959 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To observe the efficacy and safety between Pegfilgrastim (PEG-rhG-CSF) and Recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) in hematological malignancy after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) . Methods: 157 patients after allo-HSCT were enrolled in this study from June 2015 to November 2016. Two agents of G-CSF were used to stimulate hematopoietic recovery after transplantation. There were 65 cases in PEG-rhG-CSF and 92 cases in rhG-CSF groups. Patients in PEG-rhG-CSF group were given a single subcutaneous dose of 6 mg on the first day and +8 d, while cases in rhG-CSF group were given in dose of 5 μg·kg(-1)·d(-1) by subcutaneous injection from +1 d continuing to neutrophils more than 1.5×10(9)/L, and then the indicators and survival rates in two groups after transplantation were compared. Results: ①There were no significant differences of the neutrophil implantation time[13.5 (8-12) d vs 13 (9-24) d, P=0.393] and platelet implantation time [14 (9-160) d vs 14 (9-92) d, P=0.094] between PEG-rhG-CSF and rhG-CSF groups respectively. There were no significant differences in terms of neutropenia period (P=0.435) , number of cases who got fever during neutropenia (P=0.622) , and the median time of fever in neutropenia period (P=0.460) , respectively between the two groups. There were no significant differences of erythrocyte and platelet transfusions (P=0.074, P=0.059) within 1 month after transplantation. ②There were no significant differences with regard to the incidences of acute GVHD[23.1% (15/65) vs 34.8% (32/92) , P=0.115], chronic GVHD[20.0% (13/65) vs 32.6% (32/92) , P=0.081], Ⅱ-Ⅳdegree of acute GVHD[30.0% (13/65) vs 30.4% (30/92) , P=0.287] and extensive chronic GVHD[9.2% (6/65) vs 20.7% (19/92) , P=0.135] between PEG-rhG-CSF and rhG-CSF groups. ③There were no significant differences in terms of disease free survival (DFS) (62.5% vs 61.4%, P=0.478) and overall survival (OS) (67.4% vs 67.3%, P=0.718) between PEG-rhG-CSF and rhG-CSF groups. ④There was no significant difference of the non-relapse mortality (NRM) between PEG-rhG-CSF and rhG-CSF groups[20.5% (95%CI 11.4%-37.0%) vs 32.6% (95%CI 22.2%-47.9%) , P=0.141]. The relapse rate was not statistically significant[14.9% (95%CI 7.4%-29.8%) vs 10.0% (95%CI 5.0%-20.0%) , P=0.299]. Conclusion: Compared with rhG-CSF, PEG-rhG-CSF could reduce the times of injection. There were no differences in terms of hematopoietic recovery, the incidence of GVHD, relapse rate, DFS and OS rates after allo-HSCT between two groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Yang
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Affiliated Hospital to Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - M Jiang
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Affiliated Hospital to Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
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Yang F, Kong LJ, Hu JW, Liu N, Su YF, Li YH, Chen JL, Yu ZY, Qiao ZQ, Wang QH, Jiang M. [Clinical efficacy of recombinant activated factor Ⅶ a for 16 hematonosis with moderate or severe bleeding]. Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 2018; 38:216-221. [PMID: 28395445 PMCID: PMC7348376 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
目的 观察重组人凝血因子Ⅶa(rFⅦa)对血液病及其异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)术后出血患者的止血疗效。 方法 以2013年5月至2016年5月住院治疗的16例合并中至重度出血的血液病患者为观察对象,非移植组及移植组患者各8例,两组患者应用rFⅦa的用法、用量无明显差异。同时,以同期15例allo-HSCT后发生肠道急性移植物抗宿主病(aGVHD)肠出血患者为对照组(未应用rFⅦa),将其与allo-HSCT后肠道aGVHD肠出血应用rFⅦa患者进行生存比较,总结患者应用rFⅦa治疗的临床疗效。 结果 ①非移植组与移植组患者中,rFⅦa止血显效率分别为75.0%(6/8)和37.5%(3/8),显效中位时间分别为38.5和63.0 h,中位总生存(OS)时间分别为201.0和29.0 d,OS率分别为50.0%(4/8)和25.0%(2/8),出血相关死亡率分别为50.0%(2/4)和83.3%(5/6)。②16例患者中显效者9例,无效者7例,显效组与无效组患者中,中位OS时间分别为268.0和24.0 d,OS率分别为66.7%(6/9)和0(0/7)。③同期肠道aGVHD合并肠出血患者,观察组(6例)与对照组(15例)患者的中位OS时间分别为25.5和20.0 d。 结论 血液病患者尤其是allo-HSCT患者出血相关死亡率高,rFⅦa治疗有一定止血疗效;显效组患者OS率较无效组高;allo-HSCT后肠道出血患者采用rFⅦa治疗止血效果不佳的原因可能与移植后导致出血的并发症控制不佳有关。
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Affiliation(s)
- F Yang
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Affiliated Hospital to Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
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Chiang CF, Chao TT, Su YF, Hsu CC, Chien CY, Chiu KC, Shiah SG, Lee CH, Liu SY, Shieh YS. Metformin-treated cancer cells modulate macrophage polarization through AMPK-NF-κB signaling. Oncotarget 2017; 8:20706-20718. [PMID: 28157701 PMCID: PMC5400538 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence is indicating metformin to possess the potential ability in preventing tumor development and suppressing cancer growth. However, the exact mechanism of its antitumorigenic effects is still not clear. We found that metformin suppressed the ability of cancer to skew macrophage toward M2 phenotype. Metformin treated cancer cells increased macrophage expression of M1-related cytokines IL-12 and TNF-α and attenuated M2-related cytokines IL-8, IL-10, and TGF-β expression. Furthermore, metformin treated cancer cells displayed inhibited secretion of IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13; cytokines important for inducing M2 macrophages. Conversely, M1 inducing cytokine IFN-γ was upper-regulated in cancer cells. Additionally, through increasing AMPK and p65 phosphorylation, metformin treatment activated AMPK-NF-κB signaling of cancer cells that participate in regulating M1 and M2 inducing cytokines expression. Moreover, Compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, significantly increased IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13 expression while BAY-117082, an NF-κB inhibitor, decreased expression. In metformin-treated tumor tissue, the percentage of M2-like macrophages decreased while M1-like macrophages increased. These findings suggest that metformin activates cancer AMPK-NF-κB signaling, a pathway involved in regulating M1/M2 expression and inducing genes for macrophage polarization to anti-tumor phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Fu Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Ting Chao
- Medical Research Center, Cardinal Tien Hospital, School of Medicine, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fu Su
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chen Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Yen Chien
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chou Chiu
- Department of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shine-Gwo Shiah
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsing Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shyun-Yeu Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shing Shieh
- Department of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Fan CY, Lin CS, Chao HL, Huang WY, Su YF, Lin KT, Tsai IJ, Kao CH. Risk of hypothyroidism among patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with radiation therapy: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Radiother Oncol 2017; 123:394-400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2017.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Fan CY, Huang WY, Lin CS, Su YF, Lo CH, Tsao CC, Liu MY, Lin CL, Kao CH. Risk of second primary malignancies among patients with prostate cancer: A population-based cohort study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175217. [PMID: 28384363 PMCID: PMC5383246 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The rising incidence and life expectancy associated with prostate cancer (PCa) has led to increasing interest in predicting the risk of second primary malignancies (SPMs) among PCa survivors, although data regarding SPMs after PCa are controversial. Methods We identified 30,964 patients from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan who had newly diagnosed PCa between 2000 and 2010. Each patient was randomly frequency-matched with an individual without PCa, based on age, comorbidity, and index year. Competing-risks regression models were used to estimate subhazard ratios (SHRs) of SPMs development associated with PCa. The Bonferroni adjustment was used in multiple comparisons. Results Men with PCa had a trend of lower risk of developing overall SPMs compared to those without PCa (adjusted SHR = 0.94, 99.72% confidence interval [CI] = 0.89–1.00, p = 0.06). The risks of lung and liver cancer were significantly lower. In contrast, these patients had a significantly higher risk of thyroid cancer. There is a trend for a higher risk of developing SPMs in the urinary bladder and rectum/anus. Further analyses indicated that PCa patients who received radiation therapy (RT) had an increased risk of overall SPMs, hematologic malignancies, esophageal cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer, and urinary bladder cancer compared with those who did not receive RT. Conclusion Men with PCa tended to have a lower risk of SPMs, but a significantly higher risk of subsequent thyroid cancer. Continued cancer surveillance is required among PCa survivors, especially in specific sites and in individuals who received RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yueh Fan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yen Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Shu Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fu Su
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsiang Lo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Tsao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yueh Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Li Lin
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Kao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Jen YM, Lin CS, Chang WC, Lin HH, Huang WY, Chao HL, Chen CM, Su YF, Lin KT, Lin JC. The outcome of cyberknife treatment for primary or metastatic malignant lung tumors. J Med Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.4103/1011-4564.139183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Huang WY, Jen YM, Lee MS, Chang LP, Chen CM, Ko KH, Lin KT, Lin JC, Chao HL, Lin CS, Su YF, Fan CY, Chang YW. Stereotactic body radiation therapy in recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012; 84:355-61. [PMID: 22342300 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2011.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the safety and efficacy of Cyberknife stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) and its effect on survival in patients of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS AND MATERIALS This was a matched-pair study. From January 2008 to December 2009, 36 patients with 42 lesions of unresectable recurrent HCC were treated with SBRT. The median prescribed dose was 37 Gy (range, 25 to 48 Gy) in 4-5 fractions over 4-5 consecutive working days. Another 138 patients in the historical control group given other or no treatments were selected for matched analyses. RESULTS The median follow-up time was 14 months for all patients and 20 months for those alive. The 1- and 2-year in-field failure-free rates were 87.6% and 75.1%, respectively. Out-field intrahepatic recurrence was the main cause of failure. The 2-year overall survival (OS) rate was 64.0%, and median time to progression was 8.0 months. In the multivariable analysis of all 174 patients, SBRT (yes vs. no), tumor size (≤4 cm vs. >4 cm), recurrent stage (stage IIIB/IV vs. I) and Child-Pugh classification (A vs. B/C) were independent prognostic factors for OS. Matched-pair analysis revealed that patients undergoing SBRT had better OS (2-year OS of 72.6% vs. 42.1%, respectively, p = 0.013). Acute toxicities were mild and tolerable. CONCLUSION SBRT is a safe and efficacious modality and appears to be well-tolerated at the dose fractionation we have used, and its use correlates with improved survival in this cohort of patients with recurrent unresectable HCC. Out-field recurrence is the major cause of failure. Further studies of combinations of SBRT and systemic therapies may be reasonable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yen Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Lin CS, Jen YM, Kao WY, Ho CL, Dai MS, Shih CL, Cheng JC, Chang PY, Huang WY, Su YF. Improved outcomes in buccal squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2012; 35:65-71. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.22916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Huang WY, Su YF, Lin KT, Lin JC, Chang YW, Fan CY. In response to Dr. Yang and colleagues. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2011; 81:1592; author reply 1592. [PMID: 22115559 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2011.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Zhang YS, Gao BR, Wang HJ, Su YF, Yang YZ, Zhang JH, Wang C. Comparison of anastomotic leakage and stricture formation following layered and stapler oesophagogastric anastomosis for cancer: a prospective randomized controlled trial. J Int Med Res 2010; 38:227-33. [PMID: 20233534 DOI: 10.1177/147323001003800127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this prospective, randomized, controlled trial, conducted from May 2002 to December 2007, was to compare post-operative anastomotic leakage and stricture formation following layered manual versus stapler oesophagogastric anastomosis in patients who underwent resection of oesophageal or gastric cardia carcinoma. Patients (n = 516) were randomized to receive either layered manual or circular stapled oesophagogastric anastomosis. Mean follow-up time was > 12 months. Anastomotic leakage occurred in one (0.4%) patient in the layered group and six (2.2%) in the stapler group; no statistically significant between-group difference. After operation, two (0.8%) patients in the layered group and 13 (5.0%) in the stapler group developed a benign oesophageal stricture; the difference between the groups was statistically significant. Compared with stapler anastomosis, layered manual anastomosis may significantly reduce the incidence of anastomotic strictures. This method is easy to apply and could be used as an alternative procedure for oesophagogastric anastomosis after resection for oesophageal or cardia carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, No. 2 Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Huang WY, Jen YM, Chen CM, Su YF, Lin CS, Lin YS, Chang YN, Chao HL, Lin KT, Chang LP. Intensity modulated radiotherapy with concurrent chemotherapy for larynx preservation of advanced resectable hypopharyngeal cancer. Radiat Oncol 2010; 5:37. [PMID: 20470428 PMCID: PMC2890614 DOI: 10.1186/1748-717x-5-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2010] [Accepted: 05/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To analyze the rate of larynx preservation in patients of locally advanced hypopharyngeal cancer treated with intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) plus concurrent chemotherapy, and compare the results with patients treated with primary surgery. Methods Between January 2003 and November 2007, 14 patients were treated with primary surgery and 33 patients were treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) using IMRT technique. Survival rate, larynx preservation rate were calculated with the Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariate analysis was conducted for significant prognostic factors with Cox-regression method. Results The median follow-up was 19.4 months for all patients, and 25.8 months for those alive. The 5-year overall survival rate was 33% and 44% for primary surgery and definitive CCRT, respectively (p = 0.788). The 5-year functional larynx-preservation survival after IMRT was 40%. Acute toxicities were common, but usually tolerable. The rates of treatment-related mucositis (≥ grade 2) and pharyngitis (≥ grade 3) were higher in the CCRT group. For multivariate analysis, treatment response and cricoid cartilage invasion strongly correlated with survival. Conclusions IMRT plus concurrent chemotherapy may preserve the larynx without compromising survival. Further studies on new effective therapeutic agents are essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yen Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Lin CL, Su YF, Dumont AS, Shih HC, Lieu AS, Howng SL, Lee KS, Kwan AL. The effect of an adenosine A1 receptor agonist in the treatment of experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced cerebrovasospasm. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2006; 148:873-9; discussion 879. [PMID: 16791438 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-006-0793-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2005] [Accepted: 04/18/2006] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenosine is a potent vasodilator and an important modulator of cardiovascular function. It has been postulated that nitric oxide (NO) is involved in adenosine-induced vasodilation. This study was designed to examine the effect of an adenosine A1 agonist, N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA), in the prevention of subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH)-induced vasospasm. Method. Experimental SAH was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by injecting 0.3 mL autogenous blood into the cisterna magna. Intraperitoneal injections of CPA (0.003 mg/kg), or vehicle were administered 5 min and 24 hours after induction of SAH. The degree of vasospasm was determined by averaging the cross sectional areas of the basilar artery 2 days after SAH. Expressions of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in basilar artery were evaluated. Findings. There were no significant differences among the control and treated groups in physiological parameters recorded before sacrifice. When compared with animals in the control group, cross-sectional area of basilar arteries areas in the SAH only, SAH plus vehicle and SAH plus CPA groups were reduced by 19% (p < 0.01), 22% (p < 0.01), and 9% (p = 0.133), respectively. The cross-sectional areas of the CPA-treated group differed significantly from those of the SAH only and SAH plus vehicle group (p < 0.05). Induction of iNOS-mRNA and protein in basilar artery by SAH was not significantly diminished by CPA. The SAH-induced suppression of eNOS-mRNA and protein were relieved by CPA treatment. Conclusions. This is the first evidence to show an adenosine A1 receptor agonist is effective in partially preventing SAH-induced vasospasm without significant cardiovascular complications. The mechanisms of adenosine A1 receptor agonists in attenuating SAH-induced vasospasm may be, in part, related to preserve the normal eNOS expression after SAH. Inability in reversing the increased iNOS expression after SAH may lead to the incomplete anti-spastic effect of CPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Abstract
A new phenolic glycoside, 4-propionyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside (1) and a new trans-clerodane diterpene named 19-deacetylconyzalactone (2), were isolated from the aerial parts of Conyza blinii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y F Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Medical University, China
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Su YF, McNutt RW, Chang KJ. Delta-opioid ligands reverse alfentanil-induced respiratory depression but not antinociception. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1998; 287:815-23. [PMID: 9864259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests both opioid mu and delta receptors may participate in the regulation of respiration at different central nervous system sites. In the past, the overlapping receptor specificity of various opioid drugs has made it difficult to dissect the receptor subtype-specific activities involved in respiratory regulation. The new family of delta receptor selective agents such as cyclic[D-Pen2, 5]enkephalin, deltorphins, (+)-4-((alpha-R)-alpha-((2S,5R)-4-allyl-2, 5-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl)-3-hydroxybenzyl)-N,N-diethylbenzamide, naltrindole and H-Tyr-Tic(psi)[CH2NH]Phe-Phe-OH have now made it feasible to more clearly define the role of delta receptors in respiratory control. In a series of experiments we observed that systemic infusion of rats with the highly mu receptor-specific opioid alfentanil induced antinociception and hypercapnia, and both of these effects were antagonized by the mu antagonist D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-Orn-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2. However, peripheral administration of the delta receptor antagonist naltrindole reverses the hypercapnia but not the antinociceptive activity of alfentanil. This differential effect of naltrindole on antinociception and hypercapnia could also be produced with the delta agonist (+)-4-((alpha-R)-alpha-((2S,5R)-4-allyl-2, 5-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl)-3-hydroxybenzyl)-N,N-diethylbenzamide. In addition, intracerebroventricular delivery of a number of peptide delta ligands cyclic[D-Pen2,5]enkephalin, deltorpnin II and H-Tyr-Tic(psi)[CH2NH]Phe-Phe-OH also produced the same differential reversal of hypercapnia without affecting antinociception. Thus, both the traditional delta agonists and antagonists are able to reverse the alfentanil-induced hypercapnia without affecting antinociception. The reversal of alfentanil-induced hypercapnia by these delta ligands was antagonized by a novel synthetic delta antagonist cis-4-(alpha-(4-((Z)-2-butenyl)-3, 5-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl)-3-hydroxybenzyl)-N,N-diethylbenzamide. We propose that in this experimental respiration model, the delta antagonists naltrindole and H-Tyr-Tic(psi)[CH2NH]Phe-Phe-OH behave like delta agonists with low but sufficient intrinsic activities to reverse alfentanil-induced hypercapnia in rats. The results suggest that a function of the delta receptor is to modulate or counteract the respiratory depression induced by the mu receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y F Su
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pharmacology, Durham, Division of Chemistry, Glaxo Wellcome Co., Research Triangle Park, USA
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Wong CS, Liaw WJ, Tung CS, Su YF, Ho ST. Ketamine potentiates analgesic effect of morphine in postoperative epidural pain control. Reg Anesth 1996; 21:534-541. [PMID: 8956390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Ketamine is currently the only N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor channel blocker in clinical use. This study evaluated the analgesic efficacy of epidurally coadministered ketamine and morphine in postoperative pain control. METHODS The patient population consisted of ASA class I and II patients undergoing major joint replacement. Epidural lidocaine was used as the primary anesthesia for the surgery. In phase I of the study, either ketamine (10-30 mg) or morphine (0.5-2 mg) was administered via epidural catheter immediately after surgery. This was done to evaluate the dose-response effect of these drugs when used for postoperative pain relief, and the results were applied to phase II of the study, in which all patients received ketamine pretreatment (total 30 mg) with each dose of lidocaine administered before and during surgery. Forty patients were randomly divided into four groups, each of which received one of three different pain control regimens mixed with 10 ml of saline: group B received 10 mg ketamine, group C 2 mg morphine, and group D 10 mg ketamine plus 0.5 mg morphine while the control group A received 10 mL of saline with no additive. The intensity of pain expressed by patients, as well as the number of intramuscular meperidine (1 mg/kg) injections administered and any side effects that may have occurred, were recorded. RESULTS Ketamine produced no significant pain relief. A 2-mg morphine dose did produce significant analgesia but was accompanied by a high incidence of side effects. Co-administration of subanalgesic doses of ketamine, 10 mg and morphine, 0.5 mg, however, also produced a strong analgesic effect. CONCLUSIONS Ketamine, although not itself an epidural analgesic agent, potentiates the analgesic effect of morphine, especially when administered as a pretreatment. The resulting lowered dosage of epidural morphine needed for postoperative pain relief reduces, in turn, the incidence of side effects. Pretreatment of patients with ketamine epidurally, followed by injections of combined morphine and ketamine could be a promising new analgesic regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Wong
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Wong CS, Su YF, Watkins WD, Chang KJ. Opioid agonist binding affinity is increased by magnesium in the presence of guanosine diphosphate but decreased by magnesium in the presence of guanyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1994; 268:653-61. [PMID: 8113975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Opioid receptors exist in multiple affinity states for agonists. Cations and guanine nucleotides affect mu-agonist affinity by modulating the interaction between receptor molecule and G-protein. In this study, we systematically examined the effects of cations and guanine nucleotides on the binding of mu-agonist [D-Ala2, N-Me-Phe4, Met-(O)5-ol]enkephalin in rat spinal cord and brain membranes. A homogeneous class of low-affinity receptors was obtained by conducting binding assays in the presence of Na+ (100 mM) + guanosine diphosphate (100 microM). The addition of Mg++ (5 mM) shifted a portion of the low-affinity receptors to the high-affinity state. In membranes preincubated with Na+ + guanosine diphosphate and with the binding assay performed in the presence of Mg++, a homogeneous class of high-affinity receptors was induced by the agonist. Further addition of Na+ + guanyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate (30 microM) to the above Mg++-containing medium converted all receptors to a low-affinity state, whereas Na+ + guanyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate produced a mixture of high- and low-affinity states. Our results suggest that, depending on which guanine nucleotide is bound with G-proteins, mg++induces opposite effects on the states of mu-receptor affinity: high affinity with GDP and low affinity with guanyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate. Sodium ion promotes the low-affinity receptor conformation and increases total low-affinity binding sites. The affinity of the opiod antagonist naloxone is not sensitive to regulation by Mg++ and guanine nucleotides, except that the total receptor binding is increased by Na+.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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24
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Stockwell JA, Huang YC, Su YF, Piantadosi CA. Bactericidal antibiotics increase tumor necrosis factor-alpha and cardiac output in rats after cecal ligation and puncture. Circ Shock 1994; 42:68-75. [PMID: 8013063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We hypothesized that treatment of experimental sepsis with bactericidal antibiotics, known to enhance microbial toxin release, would alter tumor necrosis factor-alpha production and the hemodynamic response to the syndrome. In the rat, after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), elevated serum TNF levels and cardiac output were observed following antibiotic treatment. TNF and cardiac output were elevated to a greater extent in bactericidal-treated than bacteriostatic-treated or antibiotic-untreated rats. Animals treated with bactericidal antibiotics also had significantly greater cardiac outputs than untreated rats. Despite increases in circulating TNF with antibiotic administration, the mortality rate at 96 hr decreased after either bactericidal or bacteriostatic antibiotics. We conclude that elevated TNF after CLP in rats treated with antibiotics is associated with enhanced hemodynamic responses to CLP, but does not increase early mortality. In this model of polymicrobial sepsis, bactericidal and bacteriostatic antibiotics led to different hemodynamic effects without compromising survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Stockwell
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
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25
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Simonson SG, Zhang J, Canada AT, Su YF, Benveniste H, Piantadosi CA. Hydrogen peroxide production by monoamine oxidase during ischemia-reperfusion in the rat brain. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1993; 13:125-34. [PMID: 8417001 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.1993.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase (MAO) as a source of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was evaluated during ischemia-reperfusion in vivo in the rat brain. H2O2 production was assessed with and without inhibition of MAO during and after 15 min of ischemia. Metabolism of H2O2 by catalase during ischemia and reperfusion was measured in forebrain homogenates using aminotriazole (ATZ), an irreversible H2O2-dependent inhibitor of catalase. Catecholamine and glutathione concentrations in forebrain were measured with and without MAO inhibitors. During ischemia, forebrain blood flow was reduced to 8% of baseline and H2O2 production decreased as measured at the microperoxisome. During reperfusion, a rapid increase in H2O2 generation occurred within 5 min as measured by a threefold increase in oxidized glutathione (GSSG). The H2O2-dependent rates of ATZ inactivation of catalase between control and ischemia-reperfusion were similar, indicating that H2O2 was more available to glutathione peroxidase than to catalase in this model. MAO inhibitors eliminated the biochemical indications of increased H2O2 production and increased the catecholamine concentrations. Mortality was 67% at 48 h after ischemia-reperfusion, and there was no improvement in survival after inhibition of MAO. We conclude that MAO is an important source of H2O2 generation early in brain reperfusion, but inhibition of the enzyme does not improve survival in this model despite ablating H2O2 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Simonson
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
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26
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Huang YC, Kennedy TP, Su YF, Watkins WD, Whorton AR, Piantadosi CA. Protection against platelet-activating factor-induced injury by interferon inducer in perfused rabbit lung. J Appl Physiol (1985) 1993; 74:251-8. [PMID: 8444700 DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1993.74.1.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet-activating factor (PAF) and the interferons (IFN) are released during sepsis and the adult respiratory distress syndrome. The proinflammatory nature of PAF and anti-inflammatory property of IFN led us to investigate interactions between these two mediators in an isolated perfused lung (IPL) preparation. In the IPL, mean pulmonary arterial pressure (Ppa), lung weight gain, and peak airway pressure (Paw) were monitored continuously for 1 h in six groups of rabbits: 1) control, 2) the IFN-alpha/beta inducer polyinosinic:cytidylic acid (polyI:C) alone, 3) PAF alone, 4) polyI:C + PAF, 5) indomethacin + PAF, and 6) AA861 (a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor) + PAF. At the end of 1 h, microvascular pressure was determined by double-occlusion technique and partition of total pulmonary vascular resistance (RT) was calculated. Serial eicosanoid concentrations in the perfusate also were measured. PAF increased Ppa, Paw, lung weight gain, and RT. These changes were associated with increased thromboxane B2 and decreased leukotriene production. PolyI:C, which induced high levels of serum IFN in rabbits, blocked the PAF-induced increase in Ppa, Paw, lung weight gain, and RT, similar to indomethacin and AA861. PolyI:C suppressed PAF-stimulated release of thromboxane B2 and increased leukotriene levels in the perfusate. The PAF-induced lung responses also were attenuated by pretreatment with human recombinant IFN. These data indicate that polyI:C protects against PAF-induced responses in the rabbit IPL, most likely via its induction of IFN. This effect is related in part to inhibition of thromboxane A2 production stimulated by PAF and leukotrienes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Huang
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
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27
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Wong CS, Su YF, Chang KJ, Watkins WD. Intrathecal pertussis toxin treatment attenuates opioid antinociception and reduces high-affinity state of opioid receptors. Anesthesiology 1992; 77:691-9. [PMID: 1329580 DOI: 10.1097/00000542-199210000-00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The effect of pertussis toxin on opioid antinociception was studied in rats. Intrathecal injection of a single dose of pertussis toxin reduced the antinociceptive effect of PL017, a highly selective mu-opioid agonist, in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The maximal effective dose of pertussis toxin was 1 microgram, and the maximal effect was seen at day 3. The effect of the toxin lasted for 2 weeks, and the antinociceptive response recovered partially at the third week. The dose-response curves of the antinociceptive effect of PL017 were shifted to the right with increasing doses of pertussis toxin. Three days after pertussis injection, receptor-binding activity of membranes in the lumbosacral segment of spinal cords decreased to 70% of control as assayed by 125I-FK33824, a highly selective mu-receptor agonist. In experiments using [3H]naloxone as the radiolabeled ligand, displacement curves of FK33824 were shifted to the right after pertussis toxin treatment. The shift also was dose and time dependent. Scatchard analysis of binding data showed that, after pertussis toxin treatment, there was no significant change in the total number of binding sites, but a class of low-affinity binding sites appeared in addition to the high-affinity sites. When spinal membranes were washed in Na+ (100 mM) and guanosine diphosphate (100 microM) and binding was assayed in the presence of Mg2+ (5 mM), all the mu-receptors were in the high-affinity state in control membranes. After the pertussis toxin treatment, the ratio of low-affinity sites to high-affinity sites increased.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Wong
- Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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28
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Wong CS, Su YF, Watkins WD, Chang KJ. Continuous intrathecal opioid treatment abolishes the regulatory effects of magnesium and guanine nucleotides on mu opioid receptor binding in rat spinal membranes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1992; 262:317-26. [PMID: 1320689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulatory effects of cations and guanine nucleotides on mu receptor binding after opioid drug and pertussis toxin treatment were studied in the rat spinal cord model. Continuous intrathecal (i.t.) infusion with PL017 for 5 days induced tolerance in a dose-dependent manner. Maximal tolerance was observed at day 2. A single i.t. dose (1 microgram) of pertussis toxin also induced tolerance to opioid. When mu receptor binding of the high-affinity sites was determined by 125I-FK33824, spinal membrane preparations from morphine- and pertussis toxin-induced tolerant animals demonstrated approximately 30% less binding than control membranes. Analysis of equilibrium competition binding of FK33824 against [3H]naloxone under a variety of experimental conditions (i.e., cations and guanine nucleotides) revealed differences among control and treated membranes. With Na+ (100 mM) + GDP (100 microM) pretreated membranes and binding assays conducted in the presence of Mg++, all mu receptors were observed to be in a high-affinity state in control membranes, whereas about 30% of receptors were in the low-affinity state in membranes from opioid- and pertussis toxin-treated animals. The increase in the proportion of low-affinity sites was dependent upon the infusion dose of PL017, and the increase correlated well with the degree of opioid tolerance developed. The regulatory effect of 5'-guanylylimidodiphosphate on opioid agonist binding was reduced in membranes from pertussis toxin- or opioid-treated animals. In binding assays conducted in the presence of Na+ (100 mM) + Mg++ (5 mM) + 5'-guanylylimidodiphosphate (30 microM) or Na+ (100 mM) + GDP (100 microM), all mu receptors in control membranes were in a low affinity-state, while those from opioid- or pertussis toxin-treated animals existed in both the high- and the low-affinity states. Continuous i.t. infusion with PL017 at the high dose of 1 microgram/hr for 5 days also decreased significantly (about 40%) the total number of receptors. These studies indicate that continuous opioid infusion and pertussis toxin treatment results in impairment in the receptor-G-protein coupling. This is reflected by the decreased regulatory effects of Mg++ and guanine nucleotides. Thus, in addition to receptor down-regulation, which is induced by PL017 at high doses, receptor-G-protein uncoupling may play a role in opioid tolerance induced by continuous infusion with morphine and PL017.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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29
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Abstract
Opioid receptor was solubilized from rat brain membranes with a mixture of the detergents CHAPS and digitonin in the presence of protease inhibitors and 1 M NaCl. The solubilized receptor bound mu-opioid agonists and antagonists with affinities similar to those of native membrane receptor. The affinity of solubilized receptor for the agonist PL017 was greatly reduced by GTP gamma S, suggesting the receptor is still associated with G-protein. The solubilized material was passed through an opioid antagonist (10cd) affinity column and a wheat germ agglutinin column, set up in series, to obtain a partially purified receptor preparation. This partially purified material bound mu-agonist with low affinity and the binding affinity was no longer affected by GTP gamma S. The partially purified receptor was further purified by repeating the affinity and lectin chromatography with smaller size column. Binding of opioid antagonist [3H]diprenorphine to the partially or purified receptors was dependent upon the presence of sodium ions. The purified receptor showed saturable and stereospecific binding for opioid ligands, was predominantly of the mu-type, and exhibited as a diffuse band with a medium molecular mass of 62 kD upon sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The average specific binding activity of the purified receptor was 18.8 +/- 2.3 pmol/micrograms protein, a value close to the theoretical estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Y Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
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30
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Maples KR, Sandström T, Su YF, Henderson RF. The nitric oxide/heme protein complex as a biologic marker of exposure to nitrogen dioxide in humans, rats, and in vitro models. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1991; 4:538-43. [PMID: 1647179 DOI: 10.1165/ajrcmb/4.6.538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In an effort to develop a biologic marker of exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2), we investigated the in vivo formation of a complex between heme proteins and nitric oxide (NO). In aqueous solution, NO2 disproportionates to NO and nitrate. The NO binds to the iron of heme proteins to form an electron spin resonance (ESR)-detectable complex. We have shown that when rat liver, lung, or nasal microsomes are exposed to 20 ppm NO2 in vitro, an ESR signal attributable to an NO/heme protein complex is detected. After inhalation exposure of rats to 20 ppm NO2 for 6 h, this same ESR signal was detected in microsomes prepared from the exposed rats' lungs or liver; microsomes prepared from the nasal tissue failed to yield any detectable signal. When we lavaged the lungs of rats exposed for 6 h to 0, 5, 10, 20, or 30 ppm NO2 and isolated the bronchoalveolar cell pellets, the NO/heme protein complex was detected in the cell pellets. We were able to demonstrate a dose-dependent relationship between the ESR signal intensity of the NO/heme protein complex and the NO2 exposure concentration. Finally, we used ESR to examine bronchoalveolar lavage cell pellets obtained from human volunteers exposed to either 1.5 or 4 ppm NO2, for 20 min every other day, for six exposures. No signal was found in any of the samples taken 3 wk prior to NO2 exposure, but an ESR signal attributable to the NO/heme protein complex was detected in every sample obtained after the 4 ppm NO2 exposure and in five of eight samples obtained after the 1.5 ppm NO2 exposure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Maples
- Inhalation Toxicology Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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31
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Abstract
To evaluate the health effects of air pollutants on the respiratory tract, it is critical to determine the regional deposition of inhaled aerosols. Information on deposition of larger particles (greater than 0.2 microns) in the nasal passages of laboratory animals is available; the deposition fraction increases with increasing particle size. However, little deposition information is available for ultrafine particles of less than 0.2 microns. Three clear, plastic molds (models) of the nasal passages of F344/N rats, prepared from metal replica casts were used in these studies. Total deposition of ultrafine aerosols in the casts was determined by using a unidirectional flow system. The pressure drops measured in the casts were a function of flow rate to the power of 1.4-1.6, indicating that flow through the nasal passages has nonlaminar components. Deposition data were obtained by using monodisperse sodium chloride aerosols with particle sizes ranging from 0.2 to 0.005 microns, at inspiratory and expiratory flow rates of 200 to 600 ml/min. Similar deposition data were obtained for two of the casts studied. Deposition efficiency was greatest for the smallest particles, and decreased with increasing particle size and flow rate. At an inspiratory flow rate of 400 ml/min, which is comparable to the mean respiratory flow of an adult male F344 rat with a respiratory minute volume of 200 ml, deposition efficiencies reached 40 and 70% for 0.01- and 0.005-microns particles, respectively. These studies demonstrated that turbulent diffusional deposition was the dominant mechanism for uptake of ultrafine particles by the nasal passages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Cheng
- Inhalation Toxicology Research Institute, Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185
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32
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Nishino K, Su YF, Wong CS, Watkins WD, Chang KJ. Dissociation of mu opioid tolerance from receptor down-regulation in rat spinal cord. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1990; 253:67-72. [PMID: 2158554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of continuous intrathecal infusions of opioids was studied in rats. Chronic intrathecal infusion of the highly selective mu agonist, [NMPhe3, D-Pro4]morphiceptin produced a rapid onset of tolerance to the drug in the analgesic test. However, membrane prepared from the spinal cords of the rats chronically infused with a low dose of the drug showed no statistically significant change in the number of mu or delta receptor binding sites. In addition, membrane prepared from rats challenged with a single high-dose bolus injection of [NMPhe3, D-Pro4]morphiceptin did not produce alterations in the receptor binding number. If the chronically treated rats were challenged with an acute bolus dose of [NMPhe3, D-Pro4]morphiceptin, there was a significant decrease in the number of binding sites. The reduced binding site number was observed for the mu ligand but not for the delta ligand. A similar decrease of receptor binding can also be achieved by chronic infusion of the drug at high doses. Scatchard plot showed a decrease of maximum mu binding sites in the membranes prepared from the combined chronic infusion-acute injection treated rats. Brain tissue from the same rats showed no change in the number of mu and delta receptor binding sites, indicating that the down-regulation of mu receptors was confined to the spinal cord only. Morphine did not induce receptor down-regulation by acute, chronic or combined treatments. These results suggest that in the rat spinal cord, tolerance can be induced without apparent receptor down-regulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nishino
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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Hudson JC, Wurm WH, O'Donnel TF, Kane FR, Mackey WC, Su YF, Watkins WD. Ibuprofen pretreatment inhibits prostacyclin release during abdominal exploration in aortic surgery. Anesthesiology 1990; 72:443-9. [PMID: 2106806 DOI: 10.1097/00000542-199003000-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mesenteric traction during aortic surgery produces facial flushing, reduced mean arterial pressure (MAP), and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) with increased heart rate (HR) and cardiac index (CI). Elevated 6-keto-prostaglandin-F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha) suggests prostacyclin is the mediator. To test this hypothesis, the cyclooxygenase inhibitor, ibuprofen (n = 14), or placebo (n = 13) was administered to patients electively scheduled for aortic reconstruction. The hemodynamic measurements and plasma concentrations of prostanoids between groups were compared immediately before (0), and 5, 10, 15, 30, and 45 min following mesenteric traction. Following mesenteric traction significant differences (P less than 0.05) were observed between the ibuprofen pretreatment and placebo group over time in SVR, MAP, HR, CI, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, and thromboxane B2 (TXB2). Significant differences between groups at individual times were found in SVR, HR, CI, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, and TXB2. In the placebo group flushing was accompanied by reduced SVR and MAP and increased HR and CI. The greatest effect was seen at 10 min and resolved over 30 min. Plasma concentration of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha increased from 159 +/- 103 (mean +/- SEM) pg/ml to a peak value of 3,765 +/- 803 at 10 min. A late increase in TXB2 occurred with a peak value of 1,970 +/- 891 (mean +/- SEM) pg/ml at 30 min. In the ibuprofen pretreated group no significant changes occurred in hemodynamic measurements or concentrations of prostanoids. The inhibition of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and its associated hemodynamic changes in the treatment group, but not in the placebo group, confirms the hypothesis that prostacyclin is the mediator of the mesenteric traction response in abdominal aortic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Hudson
- Department of Anesthesiology, New England Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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Abstract
In this investigation, the hypothesis was tested that patients with valvular heart disease have higher atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) plasma levels than patients with coronary artery disease during cardiac surgery. Six patients scheduled for valve replacement (group V) and seven scheduled for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) (group C) were studied. ANP plasma levels and hemodynamic measurements were obtained at several times during surgery. ANP levels were elevated in both groups compared to those measured in healthy volunteers; and ANP levels in valvular patients were found to be higher than in the CABG patients. In addition, isotonic fluid loading, rewarming during cardiopulmonary bypass, and weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass increased ANP from baseline in group C. Mean arterial pressure and ANP levels correlated in group C. Ejection fraction, pulmonary artery diastolic pressure, and right atrial pressure did not correlate with ANP levels in either group. In conclusion, patients with valvular heart disease have higher ANP levels during surgery compared to patients with coronary artery disease. This difference probably relates to different pressure and volume loads on atrial tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Flezzani
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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35
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Hudson JC, Wurm WH, O'Donnell TF, Shoenfeld NA, Mackey WC, Callow AD, Su YF, Watkins WD. Hemodynamics and prostacyclin release in the early phases of aortic surgery: comparison of transabdominal and retroperitoneal approaches. J Vasc Surg 1988; 7:190-8. [PMID: 3339767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Although the retroperitoneal aortic approach (RP) is advocated to reduce myocardial ischemia and cardiac-related death, inadequate physiologic data exist to support this contention. As the aorta is exposed via the transabdominal approach (TA) we noted some patients have manifested reduced systemic vascular resistance (SVR) associated with tachycardia, reduced blood pressure, and facial flushing. To determine whether RP offered physiologic advantages over TA we compared cardiac dynamics and blood levels of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha), the stable metabolite of prostacyclin, during exposure of the aorta in 52 patients (33 with TA and 19 with RP), comparable in age, cardiac history, medications, and body surface area. Serial measurements of mean arterial pressure, heart rate, wedge pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, cardiac index, and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha were obtained. Results revealed decreased mean arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance, increased cardiac index and heart rate, and facial flush occurring 10 minutes after the bowel was explored in TA. This was not observed in RP. These hemodynamic alterations correlated in time and magnitude with a fourteen fold increase in 6-keto-PGF1 alpha. These changes in cardiac indexes can produce increased myocardial oxygen consumption with the risk for myocardial ischemia, particularly in patients with coronary artery disease. The absence of this response to bowel exploration in RP may account for some of the observed advantages in "high-risk" aortic reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Hudson
- Department of Anesthesiology, New England Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass
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36
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Xuan YT, Su YF, Chang KJ, Watkins WD. A pertussis/cholera toxin sensitive G-protein may mediate vasopressin-induced inositol phosphate formation in smooth muscle cell. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1987; 146:898-906. [PMID: 3113428 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(87)90615-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Arg-vasopressin (AVP) stimulates the production of inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate, inositol-1,4-bisphosphate and inositol-1-phosphate in A10 smooth muscle cell line. The AVP stimulation is rapid, time and dose dependent with an ED50 value of 5 nM. Protein kinase C activator, phorbol ester blocks the AVP effect on the production of inositol phosphates, suggesting that AVP induced phospholipase C (PLC) activation is under the negative feedback regulation by diacylglycerol production. Prolonged overnight treatment with either pertussis toxin and cholera toxin resulted partial inhibition of AVP-induced production of inositol phosphates. This result suggests that a novel G-protein similar to transducin might be involved in the AVP-induced PLC activation.
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37
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Russell RD, Leslie JB, Su YF, Watkins WD, Chang KJ. Continuous intrathecal opioid analgesia: tolerance and cross-tolerance of mu and delta spinal opioid receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1987; 240:150-8. [PMID: 3027302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The tolerance effects of continuous intrathecal infusions of opioids at mu and delta receptors were studied in rats. These effects were compared to those of chronic systemic morphine. A chronic intrathecal infusion of the relatively selective delta agonist, [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]enkephalin (DADLE), produced a larger degree of tolerance to DADLE than to the highly specific mu-activating morphiceptin analog [N-methyl-Phe3, D-Pro4]morphiceptin (PL017). The slope of the analgesic dose-response curve for the highly specific delta agonist, cyclic [D-Penicillamine2, D-Penicillamine5]enkephalin (DPDPE), was significantly different (flatter) from those of mu agonists or DADLE. High-dose infusion of PL017 induced a 61-fold parallel shift of the dose-response curve for PL017. This same treatment also induced a corresponding flattened, nonparallel change of the dose-response curve for DADLE. This altered curve for DADLE was very similar in slope to that of DPDPE. Pretreatment with the irreversible mu antagonist, beta-funaltrexamine, caused a parallel rightward shift of the dose-response curve for PL017 but did not affect DPDPE activity. beta-Funaltrexamine treatment induced a nonparallel rightward shift of the dose-response curve for DADLE with a change of slope similar to that of DPDPE. These findings demonstrate a mixed mu-delta analgesic activity for the compound DADLE, which is often referred to as a prototypic delta agonist. These interactions differ from prior reports of none or minimal mu-ligand interactions with DADLE. Despite the cross-reactivity of DADLE to mu receptors, DADLE remains a more effective analgesic than do mu agonists in states of mu receptor tolerance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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MESH Headings
- Analgesia
- Animals
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Tolerance
- Endorphins/pharmacology
- Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-
- Enkephalin, Leucine/analogs & derivatives
- Enkephalin, Leucine/pharmacology
- Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine
- Enkephalins/pharmacology
- Injections, Spinal
- Male
- Morphine/pharmacology
- Naloxone/pharmacology
- Narcotics/administration & dosage
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred Strains
- Receptors, Opioid/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, delta
- Receptors, Opioid, mu
- Spinal Cord/drug effects
- Spinal Cord/metabolism
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Abstract
Isoelectric focusing was used to study the phenol oxidase isozymes in adult female worms of Schistosoma japonicum. More than one form of phenol oxidase has been demonstrated in extracts of female worms when incubated with 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), catechol or cresol as substrates. DOPA is the best substrate among all of them. The 5-6 bands of phenol oxidase exhibit pI values in the range of 6.0-7.5, the major band is at pI 6.0.
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39
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Chang KJ, Su YF, Brent DA, Chang JK. Isolation of a specific mu-opiate receptor peptide, morphiceptin, from an enzymatic digest of milk proteins. J Biol Chem 1985; 260:9706-12. [PMID: 2991261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Specific radioimmunoassays have been developed for the measurement of naturally occurring morphiceptin and beta-casomorphin. These peptides and related exorphins were isolated from an enzymatic digest of caseins by chromatographic techniques including gel filtration, hydrophobic column and multiple-step high pressure liquid chromatography. Three exorphins were purified and characterized in their radioimmunological, biological, and chemical properties. They were identified as morphiceptin, beta-casomorphin, and 8-prolyl-beta-casomorphin. Since morphiceptin is a highly specific mu-agonist and can be derived from a milk protein, it is possible that morphiceptin is an exogenous opioid ligand specific for mu-receptors in the brain and gastrointestinal tract.
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Chang KJ, Su YF, Brent DA, Chang JK. Isolation of a specific mu-opiate receptor peptide, morphiceptin, from an enzymatic digest of milk proteins. J Biol Chem 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)39296-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Wang XZ, Yang GM, Wang FL, Su YF, Zhou XK, Hu ZQ. Malate dehydrogenase isozymes in Schistosoma japonicum (Chinese mainland strain) by electrophoresis. Chin Med J (Engl) 1983; 96:507-10. [PMID: 6418450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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Kull FC, Jacobs S, Su YF, Svoboda ME, Van Wyk JJ, Cuatrecasas P. Monoclonal antibodies to receptors for insulin and somatomedin-C. J Biol Chem 1983; 258:6561-6. [PMID: 6304046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Three monoclonal antibodies, designated alpha IR-1, alpha IR-2, and alpha IR-3, were prepared by fusing FO myeloma cells with spleen cells from a mouse immunized with a partially purified preparation of insulin receptors from human placenta. These antibodies were characterized by their ability to immunoprecipitate solubilized receptors labeled with 125I-insulin or 125I-somatomedin-C in the presence or absence of various concentrations of unlabeled insulin or somatomedin-C. alpha IR-1 preferentially immunoprecipitates insulin receptors and also less effectively immunoprecipitates somatomedin-C receptors, while alpha IR-2 and alph IR-3 preferentially immunoprecipitate somatomedin-C receptors, but may also weakly immunoprecipitate insulin receptors. These three monoclonal antibodies, as well as A410, a rabbit polyclonal antibody, were used to immunoprecipitate insulin and somatomedin-C receptors from solubilized human lymphoid (IM-9) cells and human placenta membranes that had been 125I-labeled with lactoperoxidase. Analysis of the immunoprecipitates by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicates that both receptors are composed of alpha and beta subunits. The beta subunit of the insulin receptor (immunoprecipitated by alpha IR-1 and A410) has a slightly more rapid mobility than the corresponding subunit of the somatomedin-C receptor (immunoprecipitated by alpha IR-2 and alpha IR-3). Interestingly, the alpha subunit of the placenta somatomedin-C receptor has a slightly faster mobility than its counterpart from IM-9 cells. Immunoprecipitation of receptor that had been reduced and denatured to generate isolated subunits indicates that alpha IR-2 and alpha IR-3 interact with the alpha subunit of the somatomedin-C receptor while A410 interacts with both subunits of the insulin receptor. alpha IR-1 failed to react with reduced and denatured receptors.
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Su YF, Harden TK, Perkins JP. Catecholamine-specific desensitization of adenylate cyclase. Evidence for a multistep process. J Biol Chem 1980; 255:7410-9. [PMID: 6248556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Abstract
Exposure of the intact astrocytoma cell to isoproterenol not only causes the activation of adenylate cyclase and the accumulation of cyclic AMP but sets in motion a complicated series of events designed to down-regulate the system if exposure to the agonist is extended in time. We have identified at least three of these processes: (1) a rapid uncoupling of the beta-receptor--adenylate cyclase system with subsequent loss of beta-receptors; (2) a slower, nonspecific desensitization of adenylate cyclase to the effects of all classes of receptor agonists by a process that may be mediated by cyclic AMP; and (3) a slow induction of phosphodiesterase activity that is probably mediated by cyclic AMP.
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Su YF, Harden TK, Perkins JP. Isoproterenol-induced desensitization of adenylate cyclase in human astrocytoma cells. Relation of loss of hormonal responsiveness and decrement in beta-adrenergic receptors. J Biol Chem 1979; 254:38-41. [PMID: 214444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Incubation of human astrocytoma cells (1321N1) with low concentrations of isoproterenol results in a specific loss of responsiveness to catecholamines as evidenced by a decreased accumulation of cAMP in intact cells, a reduction in isoproterenol-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity, and a decrease in beta-adrenergic receptor density, as measured by the specific binding of 125I-hydroxybenzylpindolol. The kinetics of desensitization suggest the involvement of two different reactions. The initial reaction involves a rapid loss of adenylate cyclase activity with little loss of beta-adrenergic receptors. Subsequently, a slower reaction results in the loss of measurable beta-adrenergic receptors. The degree of loss of both parameters was similar after 24 h of desensitization. It is concluded that the loss of beta-adrenergic receptors is an event that occurs as a result of the initial uncoupling of the beta-receptor-linked adenylate cyclase.
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Leichtling BH, Su YF, Wimalasena J, Harden TK, Wolfe BB, Wicks WD. Studies of cAMP metabolism in cultured hepatoma cells: presence of functional adenylate cyclase despite low cAMP content and lack of hormonal responsiveness. J Cell Physiol 1978; 96:215-23. [PMID: 209052 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.1040960210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The ability of isoproterenol, glucagon, PGE1 and cholera toxin to stimulate the synthesis of cAMP and protein kinase activity in line of liver cells (BRL) and a line of rat hepatoma cells (H35) has been determined. The concentration of cAMP in BRL cells (approximately 10 pmoles/mg protein) is in the range reported for other cultured cell lines but H35 cells contain extraordinarily low amounts of this cyclic nucleotide (approximately 0.05 pmoles/mg protein). Isoproterenol and PGE1 caused an increase in cAMP content, and protein kinase activation in BRL cells, although glucagon was ineffective. H35 cells, in contrast, were completely insensitive to all hormonal agonists. Despite this fact, cholera toxin was able to produce a marked increase in cAMP content, adenylate cyclase activity and protein kinase activation in H35 cells. binding studies with [125 I]-iodohydroxybenzylpindolol, a specific beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist, revealed that each H35 cell possesses fewer than 10 beta-adrenergic receptors whereas BRL cells contain 2-5,000 receptors per cell. The low level of cAMP in H35 cells appears to result from a combination of totally unstimulated adenylate cyclase and apparently elevated phosphodiesterase activities.
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Su YF, Johnson GL, Cubeddu L, Leichtling BH, Ortmann R, Perkins JP. Regulation of adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate content of human astrocytoma cells: mechanism of agonist-specific desensitization. J Cyclic Nucleotide Res 1976; 2:271-85. [PMID: 184126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism underlying agonist-induced loss of responsiveness to catecholamines and prostaglandins has been investigated in human astrocytoma cells. Pulse-labeling of the cells with [3H] adenine during the time course of exposure to either norepinephrine or prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) demonstrated a reduction of the rate of incorporation of label into cyclic AMP within 5 min after exposure of the cells to either agonist. The loss of responsiveness observed by this technique was essentially agonist-specific during the first 30 min of exposure of the cells to either norepinephrine or PGE1. The rate constant for degradation of cyclic AMP throughout a 60 min exposure to either norepinephrine or PGE1 did not change suggesting that loss of responsiveness is not related to increased phosphodiesterase activity. The results are discussed in terms of a standard theoretical model for the regulation of the steady state level of an intermediate in a reaction sequence in which the rate of synthesis of the intermediate follows zero order kinetics and the rate of degradation follows first order kinetics. The hypothesis is put forth that agonist-induced desensitization is caused by an agonist-specific reduction in the rate of synthesis of cyclic AMP that follows rapidly after the initial stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity.
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Su YF, Cubeddu L, Perkins JP. Regulation of adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate content of human astrocytoma cells: desensitization to catecholamines and prostaglandins. J Cyclic Nucleotide Res 1976; 2:257-70. [PMID: 184125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human astrocytoma cells (1321N1) exhibit adenylate cyclase activities coupled to independent receptors for catecholamines and prostaglandins of the E-series. Exposure of the cells to either norepinephrine or prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) results in an initial rapid accumulation of cyclic AMP but also results in a progressive loss of responsiveness of the cells to agonists. Initially, the desensitization is in large part agonist-specific. However, with continued exposure to high concentrations of norepinephrine, partial loss of responsiveness to PGE1 occurs, and vice versa. The mechanism underlying this phenomenon does not appear to involve inactivation of the effectors, formation of an inhibitory substance in the culture medium or an increase in the rate of excretion of cyclic AMP from the cell. Blockade of protein synthesis (85%) by 5 mug/ml cycloheximide did not change the rate or extent of desensitization. When desensitized cells were incubated in the presence of the effectors, responsiveness was essentially completely recovered with a t1/2 of 5-7 hr. Cycloheximide recovery reduced. Norepinephrine-induced desensitization to either norepinephrine or PGE1 was blocked by sotalol, a beta receptor blocking agent. Incubation of the cells with dibutyryl cyclic AMP caused desensitization to both norepinephrine and PGE). The results suggest that catecholamine-induced desensitization occurs as a result of interaction of the agonist with the same receptor that is linked to activation of adenylate cyclase. Cyclic AMP appears to mediate at least the non-specific aspect of agonist-induced desensitization.
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Clark RB, Su YF, Ortmann R, Cubeddu L, Johnson GL, Perkins JP. Factors influencing the effect of hormones on the accumulation of cyclic AMP in cultured human astrocytoma cells. Metabolism 1975; 24:343-58. [PMID: 165356 DOI: 10.1016/0026-0495(75)90115-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The characteristics of the effects of catecholamines, prostaglandins, and adenosine on the adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) content of human astrocytoma cells are described. Catecholamines interact with a typical beta-adrenergic receptor, i.e., the order of potency of catecholamines is isoproterenol larger than or equal to epinephrine greater than norepinephrine greater than dopamine, and propranolol is an inhibitor but phentolamine is not. The prostaglandins interact with a receptor that recognized PGE-1, PGE-2, and PGA-1 but not PGF-2-alpha. The effects of PGE-1 are blocked by 7-oxa-13-prostynoic acid, indomethacin, and meclofenamic acid in a rapid, reversible manner. The cells contain another adenylate cyclase-linked receptor that recognizes adenosine and the adenine nucleotides but not guanosine, deoxyadenosine, or adenine. Theophylline and other methylxanthines are competitive inhibitors of the effect of adenosine. Each class of effector appears to stimulate adenylate cyclase by interacting with a structure-specific receptor. This follows from the observation that the effect of each class of agonists can be blocked selectively by the various inhibitors and is consistant with the observation that co-addition of different agonists results in additive effects on accumulation of cAMP. The magnitude of the effect of any of the classes of agonists can be influenced by a variety of factors, some of which may be related to the peculiarities of growth in culture: (1) The cells secrete cAMP into the medium, and the magnitude of this secretion for a given rise in intracellular cAMP is different for different agonists. (2) The exposure of the cells to catecholamines or prostaglandins leads to a loss of responsiveness to a subsequent challenge by the same agonist. The magnitude of the agonist-induced loss of responsiveness is dependent on the concentration of the agonist and the time of exposure. The process is at least partially agonist specific in that exposure of cells to isoproterenol can lead to greater than 90% loss in catecholamine responsiveness with less than 20% loss in responsiveness to prostaglandins. (3) The responsiveness of the cells also changes as a function of the age of the culture and as a function of cell density. (4) Finally, it can be demonstrated that cells maintained in culture for prolonged periods (months to years) may lose responsiveness to specific agonists while responsiveness to other agonists remains unchanges or actually increases. The advantages and disadvantages of the use of cells in culture for studies of the regulation of cAMP metabolism are discussed.
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