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Nair S, Szaflarski JP, Wang Y, Pizarro D, Killen JF, Allendorfer JB. Assessing dynamic brain activity during verbal associative learning using MEG/fMRI co-processing. NEUROIMAGE: REPORTS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ynirp.2022.100154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Izaute M, Thuaire F, Méot A, Rondepierre F, Jalenques I. Metacognitive preserved generation strategy benefits for both younger and elderly participants with schizophrenia. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241356. [PMID: 33216755 PMCID: PMC7679005 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive memory and introspection disturbances are considered core features of schizophrenia. Moreover, it remains unclear whether or not participants with schizophrenia are more cognitively impaired with ageing than healthy participants. The aims of this study were to use a metacognitive approach to determine whether elderly participants with schizophrenia are able to improve their memory performance using a specific generation strategy and to evaluate the memory benefits for them using this strategy. 20 younger and 20 older participants with schizophrenia and their comparison participants matched for age, gender and education learned paired associates words with either reading or generation, rated judgment of learning (JOL) and performed cued recall. Participants with schizophrenia recalled fewer words than healthy comparison participants, but they benefited more from generation, and this difference was stable with ageing. Their JOL magnitude was lower than that of healthy comparison participants, but JOL accuracy was not affected by either age or the pathology. In spite of their memory deficit, elderly and younger participants with schizophrenia benefited remarkably from the memory generation strategy. This result gives some cause for optimism as to the possibility for participants with schizophrenia to reduce memory impairment if learning conditions lead them to encode deeply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Izaute
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LAPSCO, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Flavien Thuaire
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LAPSCO, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Alain Méot
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LAPSCO, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Fabien Rondepierre
- Service de Psychiatrie de l’Adulte A et Psychologie Médicale, Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Isabelle Jalenques
- Service de Psychiatrie de l’Adulte A et Psychologie Médicale, Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Institut de Psychiatrie-GDR 3557, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Effects of highly purified cannabidiol (CBD) on fMRI of working memory in treatment-resistant epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2020; 112:107358. [PMID: 32871501 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine changes in working memory and functional connectivity via functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)-modified Sternberg task after treatment with highly purified cannabidiol (CBD, Epidiolex®; 100 mg/mL) in patients with treatment-resistant epilepsy (TRE). METHODS Twenty patients with TRE (mean age: 35.8 years; 7 male) performed fMRI Sternberg task before receiving CBD ("PRE") and after reaching stable dosage of CBD (15-25 mg/kg/day; "ON"). Each patient performed 2 runs of the modified Sternberg task during PRE and ON fMRI. Twenty-three healthy controls (HCs; mean age: 25 years; 11 M) also completed the task. All were presented with a sequence of 2 or 6 letters and instructed to remember them (encoding). After a delay, a single letter was shown, and participants recalled if letter was shown in sequence (retrieval). Paired t-tests were used to analyze accuracy/response times. For each subject, event-related modeling of encoding (2 and 6 letters) and retrieval was performed. Paired t-tests controlling for seizure frequency change and scanner type were performed to assess changes in neural recruitment during encoding and retrieval in key regions of interest. RESULTS There was nonsignificant increase in mean modified Sternberg task accuracy from PRE to ON-CBD (28.6 vs. 32.1%). PRE and ON accuracy was worse than HCs (75.5%, p < 0.001). ON-PRE comparison revealed increased activation in the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) during 6-letter encoding. ON-HC comparison revealed increased activation in bilateral IFG and insula during 2-letter encoding. PRE-HC comparison revealed decreased activation in the left middle frontal gyrus during 6-letter encoding. None of these activations were associated with working memory performance. SIGNIFICANCE Treatment-resistant epilepsy results in poorer working memory performance and lower neural recruitment compared with HCs. Treatment with CBD results in no significant changes in working memory performance and in significant increases in neural activity in regions important for verbal memory and attention compared with HCs during memory encoding.
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Gaston TE, Nair S, Allendorfer JB, Martin RC, Beattie JF, Szaflarski JP. Memory response and neuroimaging correlates of a novel cognitive rehabilitation program for memory problems in epilepsy: A pilot study. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2020; 37:457-468. [PMID: 31282442 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-190919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Memory deficits are very common in epilepsy, but no standard of care exists to effectively manage them. OBJECTIVE We assessed effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation (CR) on memory and neural plasticity in people with epilepsy (PWE) reporting memory impairments. METHODS Nine PWE completed 6 weekly sessions adapted from 2 generic CR programs enriched with information regarding epilepsy. Participants completed neuropsychological, mood, and quality of life (QOLIE-31) measures prior and after completion of CR; 5/9 participants also completed pre- and post-CR fMRI while performing a verbal paired associates learning task. FMRI data were analyzed using group spatial independent components analysis methods; paired t-tests compared spatial activations for pre-/post-CR. RESULTS Improvements were seen in immediate recall in Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Task, QOLIE-31, and read word recognition in paired associates task (all p's≤0.05). FMRI changes comparing pre-to-post CR were noted through increased activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and anterior cingulate and decreased activation in the left superior temporal gyrus; also noted were decreased activations in the default mode network (DMN), right cingulate, right middle temporal gyrus, right supramarginal gyrus, and increased DMN activation in the left cuneus. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates feasibility of conducting CR program in PWE with fMRI as a mechanistic biomarker. Improvements in cognition and cortical plasticity await confirmation in larger samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler E Gaston
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Department of UAB Epilepsy Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Birmingham Veterans Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sangeeta Nair
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jane B Allendorfer
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Roy C Martin
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Julia Fleming Beattie
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jerzy P Szaflarski
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Department of UAB Epilepsy Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Nair S, Nenert RE, Allendorfer JB, Goodman AM, Vannest J, Mirman D, Szaflarski JP. Sex, Age, and Handedness Modulate the Neural Correlates of Active Learning. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:961. [PMID: 31572114 PMCID: PMC6749092 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-generation of material compared to passive learning results in mproved memory performance; this may be related to recruitment of a fronto-temporal encoding network. Using a verbal paired-associate learning fMRI task, we examined the effects of sex, age, and handedness on the neural correlates of self-generation. METHODS Data from 174 healthy English-speaking participants (78M, 56 atypically handed; ages 19-76) were preprocessed using AFNI and FSL. Independent component analysis was conducted using GIFT (Group ICA fMRI Toolbox). Forty-one independent components were temporally sorted by task time series. Retaining correlations (r > 0.25) resulted in three task-positive ("generate") and three task-negative ("read") components. Using participants' back-projected components, we evaluated the effects of sex, handedness, and aging on activation lateralization and localization in task-relevant networks with two-sample t-tests. Further, we examined the linear relationship between sex and neuroimaging data with multiple regression, covarying for scanner, age, and handedness. RESULTS Task-positive components identified using ICA revealed a fronto-parietal network involved with self-generation, while task-negative components reflecting passive reading showed temporo-occipital involvement. Compared to older adults, younger adults exhibited greater task-positive involvement of the left inferior frontal gyrus and insula, whereas older adults exhibited reduced prefrontal lateralization. Greater involvement of the left angular gyrus in task-positive encoding networks among right-handed individuals suggests the reliance on left dominant semantic processing areas may be modulated by handedness. Sex effects on task-related encoding networks while controlling for age and handedness suggest increased right hemisphere recruitment among males compared to females, specifically in the paracentral lobe during self-generation and the suparmarginal gyrus during passive reading. IMPLICATIONS Identified neuroimaging differences suggest that sex, age, and handedness are factors in the differential recruitment of encoding network regions for both passive and active learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Nair
- Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Rodolphe E. Nenert
- Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jane B. Allendorfer
- Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Adam M. Goodman
- Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jennifer Vannest
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Daniel Mirman
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jerzy P. Szaflarski
- Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Oliveira CR, Lopes Filho BJP, Esteves CS, Rossi T, Nunes DS, Lima MMBMP, Irigaray TQ, Argimon IIL. Neuropsychological Assessment of Older Adults With Virtual Reality: Association of Age, Schooling, and General Cognitive Status. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1085. [PMID: 30008689 PMCID: PMC6034167 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of neuropsychological assessment methods using virtual reality (VR) is a valid and promising option for the detection of cognitive impairment in the older people, focusing on activities composed of tasks of multiple demands. This study verified the association of age, schooling, and general cognitive status on the performance of neurologically healthy older adults in ECO-VR, a VR task of multiple demands for neuropsychological assessment. A total of 111 older adults answered a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Mini Mental State Examination, the Vocabulary subtest of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Adults (third edition), and the ECO-VR. Correlation analyses, multiple linear regression, and comparisons between groups (effects by age and schooling groups) were used to evaluate the results. The ECO-VR total score was significantly associated with age, years of education, MMSE, and Vocabulary subtest. The linear regression models identified that age was the main predictor for total score and rule breaking of ECO-VR. According to the univariate analysis, it was identified the main effect of age group and schooling group in the total ECO-VR score, but there was no interaction effect. The results are discussed in order to understand the role of sociodemographic characteristics in the performance of older adults in a VR task of multiple demands. It was also verified the possibility use of VR for neuropsychological assessment of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila R. Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Psychology, Faculdade Meridional IMED, Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | - Brandel J. P. Lopes Filho
- Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Gerontology, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Cristiane S. Esteves
- Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Gerontology, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Tainá Rossi
- Postgraduate Program in Psychology, Faculdade Meridional IMED, Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | - Daniela S. Nunes
- Postgraduate Program in Psychology, Faculdade Meridional IMED, Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | | | - Tatiana Q. Irigaray
- Postgraduate Program in Psychology, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Irani I. L. Argimon
- Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Gerontology, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Psychology, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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fNIRS can robustly measure brain activity during memory encoding and retrieval in healthy subjects. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9533. [PMID: 28842618 PMCID: PMC5572719 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09868-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Early intervention in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) requires novel biomarkers that can capture changes in brain activity at an early stage. Current AD biomarkers are expensive and/or invasive and therefore unsuitable for use as screening tools, but a non-invasive, inexpensive, easily accessible screening method could be useful in both clinical and research settings. Prior studies suggest that especially paired-associate learning tasks may be useful in detecting the earliest memory impairment in AD. Here, we investigated the utility of functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy in measuring brain activity from prefrontal, parietal and temporal cortices of healthy adults (n = 19) during memory encoding and retrieval under a face-name paired-associate learning task. Our findings demonstrate that encoding of novel face-name pairs compared to baseline as well as compared to repeated face-name pairs resulted in significant activation in left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex while recalling resulted in activation in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex bilaterally. Moreover, brain response to recalling was significantly higher than encoding in medial, superior and middle frontal cortices for novel faces. Overall, this study shows that fNIRS can reliably measure cortical brain activation during a face-name paired-associate learning task. Future work will include similar measurements in populations with progressing memory deficits.
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