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Ding H, Zhong Y, Liu N, Wu H, Xu H, Wu Y, Liu G, Yuan S, Zhou Q, Wang C. Panic disorder aging characteristics: The role of telomerase reverse transcriptase gene and brain function. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:835963. [PMID: 35992589 PMCID: PMC9389410 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.835963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Panic disorder (PD) causes serious functional damage and disability and accelerates the process of individual aging. The pathological basis of PD is the same as that of age-related diseases, which is proposed as a new viewpoint in recent years. Memory decline and social functional impairment are common manifestations of accelerated aging in PD. The function of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and telomere length (TL) is abnormal in patients with aging and PD. However, the molecular mechanism behind remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between TERT gene expression (including DNA methylation) and the changes in PD aging characteristics (memory and social function). By TERT gene knockout mice, we found that loss of TERT attenuated the acquisition of recent fear memory during contextual fear conditioning. This study reported that a significantly lower methylation level of human TERT (hTERT) gene was detected in PD patients compared with healthy control and particularly decreased CpG methylation in the promoter region of hTERT was associated with the clinical characteristics in PD. Regional homogeneity (ReHo) analysis showed that the methylation of hTERT (cg1295648) influenced social function of PD patients through moderating the function of the left postcentral gyrus (PCG). This indicates that the hTERT gene may play an important role in the pathological basis of PD aging and may become a biological marker for evaluating PD aging. These findings provide multidimensional evidence for the underlying genetic and pathological mechanisms of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huachen Ding
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Zhong
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Na Liu
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huiqin Wu
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huazhen Xu
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Wu
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiting Yuan
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qigang Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Qigang Zhou,
| | - Chun Wang
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Chun Wang,
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A Role for Neuropeptide S in Alcohol and Cocaine Seeking. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15070800. [PMID: 35890099 PMCID: PMC9317571 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuropeptide S (NPS) is the endogenous ligand of the NPS receptor (NPSR). The NPSR is widely expressed in brain regions that process emotional and affective behavior. NPS possesses a unique physio-pharmacological profile, being anxiolytic and promoting arousal at the same time. Intracerebroventricular NPS decreased alcohol consumption in alcohol-preferring rats with no effect in non-preferring control animals. This outcome is most probably linked to the anxiolytic properties of NPS, since alcohol preference is often associated with high levels of basal anxiety and intense stress-reactivity. In addition, NPSR mRNA was overexpressed during ethanol withdrawal and the anxiolytic-like effects of NPS were increased in rodents with a history of alcohol dependence. In line with these preclinical findings, a polymorphism of the NPSR gene was associated with anxiety traits contributing to alcohol use disorders in humans. NPS also potentiated the reinstatement of cocaine and ethanol seeking induced by drug-paired environmental stimuli and the blockade of NPSR reduced reinstatement of cocaine-seeking. Altogether, the work conducted so far indicates the NPS/NPSR system as a potential target to develop new treatments for alcohol and cocaine abuse. An NPSR agonist would be indicated to help individuals to quit alcohol consumption and to alleviate withdrawal syndrome, while NPSR antagonists would be indicated to prevent relapse to alcohol- and cocaine-seeking behavior.
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Tobinski AM, Rappeneau V. Role of the Neuropeptide S System in Emotionality, Stress Responsiveness and Addiction-Like Behaviours in Rodents: Relevance to Stress-Related Disorders. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14080780. [PMID: 34451877 PMCID: PMC8400992 DOI: 10.3390/ph14080780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuropeptide S (NPS) and its receptor (NPSR1) have been extensively studied over the last two decades for their roles in locomotion, arousal/wakefulness and anxiety-related and fear-related behaviours in rodents. However, the possible implications of the NPS/NPSR1 system, especially those of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs324981, in stress-related disorders and substance abuse in humans remain unclear. This is possibly due to the fact that preclinical and clinical research studies have remained separated, and a comprehensive description of the role of the NPS/NPSR1 system in stress-relevant and reward-relevant endpoints in humans and rodents is lacking. In this review, we describe the role of the NPS/NPSR1 system in emotionality, stress responsiveness and addiction-like behaviour in rodents. We also summarize the alterations in the NPS/NPSR1 system in individuals with stress-related disorders, as well as the impact of the SNP rs324981 on emotion, stress responses and neural activation in healthy individuals. Moreover, we discuss the therapeutic potential and possible caveats of targeting the NPS/NPSR1 system for the treatment of stress-related disorders. The primary goal of this review is to highlight the importance of studying some rodent behavioural readouts modulated by the NPS/NPSR1 system and relevant to stress-related disorders.
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Bengoetxea X, Goedecke L, Remmes J, Blaesse P, Grosch T, Lesting J, Pape HC, Jüngling K. Human-Specific Neuropeptide S Receptor Variants Regulate Fear Extinction in the Basal Amygdala of Male and Female Mice Depending on Threat Salience. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 90:145-155. [PMID: 33902914 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.02.967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphism in the neuropeptide S receptor 1 (NPSR1) gene (rs324981) results in isoleucine-to-asparagine substitution at amino acid 107. In humans, the ancestral variant (NPSR1 I107) is associated with increased anxiety sensitivity and risk of panic disorder, while the human-specific variant (NPSR1 N107) is considered protective against excessive anxiety. In rodents, neurobiological constituents of the NPS system have been analyzed in detail and their anxiolytic-like effects have been endorsed. However, their implication for anxiety and related disorders in humans remains unclear, as rodents carry only the ancestral NPSR1 I107 variant. METHODS We hypothesized that phenotypic correlates of NPSR1 variants manifest in fear-related circuits in the amygdala. We used CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9)-mediated gene editing to generate a "humanized" mouse strain, in which individuals express either NPSR1 I107 or NPSR1 N107. RESULTS Stimulation of NPSR1 evoked excitatory responses in principal neurons of the anterior basal amygdala with significant differences in magnitude between genotypes, resulting in synaptic disinhibition of putative extinction neurons in the posterior basal amygdala in mice expressing the human-specific hypofunctional N107 but not the ancestral I107 variant. N107 mice displayed improved extinction of conditioned fear, which was phenocopied after pharmacological antagonism of NPSR1 in the anterior basal amygdala of I107 mice. Differences in fear extinction between male and female mice were related to an interaction of Npsr1 genotype and salience of fear training. CONCLUSIONS The NPS system regulates extinction circuits in the amygdala depending on the Npsr1 genotype, contributing to sex-specific differences in fear extinction and high anxiety sensitivity of individuals bearing the ancestral NPSR1 I107 variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xabier Bengoetxea
- Institute of Physiology I, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Lena Goedecke
- Institute of Physiology I, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Jasmin Remmes
- Institute of Physiology I, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Peter Blaesse
- Institute of Physiology I, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Grosch
- Institute of Physiology I, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Jörg Lesting
- Institute of Physiology I, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Hans-Christian Pape
- Institute of Physiology I, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Kay Jüngling
- Institute of Physiology I, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany.
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Reinscheid RK, Ruzza C. Pharmacology, Physiology and Genetics of the Neuropeptide S System. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14050401. [PMID: 33922620 PMCID: PMC8146834 DOI: 10.3390/ph14050401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Neuropeptide S (NPS) system is a rather ‘young’ transmitter system that was discovered and functionally described less than 20 years ago. This review highlights the progress that has been made in elucidating its pharmacology, anatomical distribution, and functional involvement in a variety of physiological effects, including behavior and immune functions. Early on, genetic variations of the human NPS receptor (NPSR1) have attracted attention and we summarize current hypotheses of genetic linkage with disease and human behaviors. Finally, we review the therapeutic potential of future drugs modulating NPS signaling. This review serves as an introduction to the broad collection of original research papers and reviews from experts in the field that are presented in this Special Issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer K. Reinscheid
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller University, 07747 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physiology I, University Hospital Münster, Westfälische-Wilhelms University, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Correspondence: (R.K.R.); (C.R.)
| | - Chiara Ruzza
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Correspondence: (R.K.R.); (C.R.)
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Lai CH. Biomarkers in Panic Disorder. CURRENT PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH AND REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/2666082216999200918163245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Panic disorder (PD) is a kind of anxiety disorder that impacts the life quality
and functional perspectives in patients. However, the pathophysiological study of PD seems still
inadequate and many unresolved issues need to be clarified.
Objectives:
In this review article of biomarkers in PD, the investigator will focus on the findings of
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain in the pathophysiology study. The MRI biomarkers
would be divided into several categories, on the basis of structural and functional perspectives.
Methods:
The structural category would include the gray matter and white matter tract studies. The
functional category would consist of functional MRI (fMRI), resting-state fMRI (Rs-fMRI), and
magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). The PD biomarkers revealed by the above methodologies
would be discussed in this article.
Results:
For the gray matter perspectives, the PD patients would have alterations in the volumes of
fear network structures, such as the amygdala, parahippocampal gyrus, thalamus, anterior cingulate
cortex, insula, and frontal regions. For the white matter tract studies, the PD patients seemed to have
alterations in the fasciculus linking the fear network regions, such as the anterior thalamic radiation,
uncinate fasciculus, fronto-occipital fasciculus, and superior longitudinal fasciculus. For the fMRI
studies in PD, the significant results also focused on the fear network regions, such as the amygdala,
hippocampus, thalamus, insula, and frontal regions. For the Rs-fMRI studies, PD patients seemed to
have alterations in the regions of the default mode network and fear network model. At last, the
MRS results showed alterations in neuron metabolites of the hippocampus, amygdala, occipital
cortex, and frontal regions.
Conclusion:
The MRI biomarkers in PD might be compatible with the extended fear network model
hypothesis in PD, which included the amygdala, hippocampus, thalamus, insula, frontal regions, and
sensory-related cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Han Lai
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Siminski N, Böhme S, Zeller JBM, Becker MPI, Bruchmann M, Hofmann D, Breuer F, Mühlberger A, Schiele MA, Weber H, Schartner C, Deckert J, Pauli P, Reif A, Domschke K, Straube T, Herrmann MJ. BNST and amygdala activation to threat: Effects of temporal predictability and threat mode. Behav Brain Res 2020; 396:112883. [PMID: 32860830 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent animal and human studies highlight the uncertainty about the onset of an aversive event as a crucial factor for the involvement of the centromedial amygdala (CM) and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) activity. However, studies investigating temporally predictable or unpredictable threat anticipation and confrontation processes are rare. Furthermore, the few existing fMRI studies analyzing temporally predictable and unpredictable threat processes used small sample sizes or limited fMRI paradigms. Therefore, we measured functional brain activity in 109 predominantly female healthy participants during a temporally predictable-unpredictable threat paradigm, which aimed to solve limited aspects of recent studies. Results showed higher BNST activity compared to the CM during the cue indicating that the upcoming confrontation is aversive relative to the cue indicating an upcoming neutral confrontation. Both the CM and BNST showed higher activity during the confrontation with unpredictable and aversive stimuli, but the reaction to aversive confrontation relative to neutral confrontation was stronger in the CM compared to the BNST. Additional modulation analyses by NPSR1 rs324981 genotype revealed higher BNST activity relative to the CM in unpredictable anticipation relative to predictable anticipation in T-carriers compared to AA carriers. Our results indicate that during the confrontation with aversive or neutral stimuli, temporal unpredictability modulates CM and BNST activity. Further, there is a differential activity concerning threat processing, as BNST is more involved when focussing on fear-related anticipation processes and CM is more involved when focussing on threat confrontation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Siminski
- Center of Mental Health, Dept. of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - S Böhme
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - J B M Zeller
- Center of Mental Health, Dept. of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - M P I Becker
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - M Bruchmann
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - D Hofmann
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - F Breuer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits (IIS), Development Center for X-ray Technology (EZRT), Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - A Mühlberger
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - M A Schiele
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - H Weber
- Center of Mental Health, Dept. of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - C Schartner
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - J Deckert
- Center of Mental Health, Dept. of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - P Pauli
- Department of Psychology (Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology, and Psychotherapy), University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - A Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - K Domschke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Center for Basics in Neuro Modulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - T Straube
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - M J Herrmann
- Center of Mental Health, Dept. of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.
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