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Ibáñez-Cabellos JS, Pallardó FV, García-Giménez JL, Seco-Cervera M. Oxidative Stress and Epigenetics: miRNA Involvement in Rare Autoimmune Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040800. [PMID: 37107175 PMCID: PMC10135388 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases (ADs) such as Sjögren’s syndrome, Kawasaki disease, and systemic sclerosis are characterized by chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and autoantibodies, which cause joint tissue damage, vascular injury, fibrosis, and debilitation. Epigenetics participate in immune cell proliferation and differentiation, which regulates the development and function of the immune system, and ultimately interacts with other tissues. Indeed, overlapping of certain clinical features between ADs indicate that numerous immunologic-related mechanisms may directly participate in the onset and progression of these diseases. Despite the increasing number of studies that have attempted to elucidate the relationship between miRNAs and oxidative stress, autoimmune disorders and oxidative stress, and inflammation and miRNAs, an overall picture of the complex regulation of these three actors in the pathogenesis of ADs has yet to be formed. This review aims to shed light from a critical perspective on the key AD-related mechanisms by explaining the intricate regulatory ROS/miRNA/inflammation axis and the phenotypic features of these rare autoimmune diseases. The inflamma-miRs miR-155 and miR-146, and the redox-sensitive miR miR-223 have relevant roles in the inflammatory response and antioxidant system regulation of these diseases. ADs are characterized by clinical heterogeneity, which impedes early diagnosis and effective personalized treatment. Redox-sensitive miRNAs and inflamma-miRs can help improve personalized medicine in these complex and heterogeneous diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Federico V. Pallardó
- U733, Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER-ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Mixed Unit for Rare Diseases INCLIVA-CIPF, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: (F.V.P.); (J.L.G.-G.); (M.S.-C.); Tel.: +34-963-864-646 (F.V.P.)
| | - José Luis García-Giménez
- U733, Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER-ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Mixed Unit for Rare Diseases INCLIVA-CIPF, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: (F.V.P.); (J.L.G.-G.); (M.S.-C.); Tel.: +34-963-864-646 (F.V.P.)
| | - Marta Seco-Cervera
- Hospital Dr. Peset, Fundación para la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana, FISABIO, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: (F.V.P.); (J.L.G.-G.); (M.S.-C.); Tel.: +34-963-864-646 (F.V.P.)
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Using Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking to Explore the Mechanism of Qiju Dihuang Pill against Dry Eye Disease. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7316794. [PMID: 36590763 PMCID: PMC9800906 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7316794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disease of the ocular surface, which affects the quality of life and work efficiency of affected patients. The traditional Chinese medicine formula Qiju Dihuang Pill (QJDHP) has a good therapeutic effect on DED. However, the pharmacological mechanism is not clear. Objective To explore the mechanism of QJDHP in the treatment of DED based on network pharmacology. Method The active components in QJDHP were screened in Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP), and putative molecular targets of QJDHP were identified using the SwissTargetPrediction database. DED-related targets were screened by GeneCards and OMIM. We established protein-protein interaction (PPI) and core targets and corresponding active compound network by Cytoscape to identify the core targets and main compounds of QJDHP against DED. DAVID database was utilized for Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses. Molecular docking was used to evaluate the binding activity between key active compounds and core targets. Results The results of network pharmacology showed that 253 targets of QJDHP were related to DED. PPI network analysis showed the 18 core targets. The binding affinity of docking results ranged from -5.7 to -9.3 kcal/mol, indicating a good docking effect. The results of GO enrichment analysis showed that the mechanism of QJDHP in the treatment of DED mainly involved biological processes such as apoptosis, oxidative stress, response to estrogen, angiogenesis, and the regulation of transcription factors. KEGG analysis showed that QJDHP may be regulated by the TNF signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, and estrogen signaling pathway in the treatment of DED. Conclusion In this study, we demonstrated the multicomponent, multitarget, and multichannel action mechanism of QJDHP in the treatment of DED and provided a foundation for further drug development research.
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Potential Mechanisms of White Peony against Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:5507472. [PMID: 35990826 PMCID: PMC9391099 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5507472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background Multiple system and organ damage occurs with the continuous progression of primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS), and the lack of specific drugs against this disease is a huge challenge. White peony (WP), a widely used traditional Chinese herb, has been confirmed to have a therapeutic value in pSS. However, the specific mechanisms of WP in the treatment of pSS are unknown. Methods The active ingredients and their targets in WP were searched on the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), and disease-related targets were collected from GeneCards, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), and the Therapeutic Target Database (TTD). The overlapping targets were acquired by taking the intersection. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was structured using the STRING database. A disease-drug-ingredient-target (D-D-I-T) network was built using Cytoscape software. By filtering twice, core targets were acquired. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia Gene and Genome (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were accompanied by R packages. Finally, molecular docking was used to verify the abovementioned results. Results In total, we screened 88 WP-related targets, 1480 pSS-related targets, and 32 overlapping targets. D-D-I-T Network analysis displayed six main active ingredients of WP, which played a significant therapeutic role in pSS. Further topological analysis selected seven core target genes, including IL-6, TNF, PPARγ, AKT1, CASP3, NOS3, and JUN. GO and KEGG analysis were used to elucidate pharmacological mechanisms, mainly acting in the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway. Molecular docking proved that paeoniflorin bound well with core targets. Conclusion Our study revealed that IL-6, TNF, AKT1, CASP3, NOS3, and JUN may be pathogenic target genes, and PPARγ may be a protective target gene. The main active ingredients of WP mainly played a therapeutic role via the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway. These findings provide a fundamental and theoretical basis for the clinical application of WP.
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Yousefi-Manesh H, Aghamollaei H, Dehpour AR, Sheibani M, Tavangar SM, Bagheri M, Shirooie S, Daryabari SH, Noori T. The role of saffron in improvement of ocular surface disease in a mouse model of Lacrimal Gland Excision-induced dry eye disease. Exp Eye Res 2022; 221:109127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Navel V, Sapin V, Henrioux F, Blanchon L, Labbé A, Chiambaretta F, Baudouin C, Dutheil F. Oxidative and antioxidative stress markers in dry eye disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Ophthalmol 2022; 100:45-57. [PMID: 33938134 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the levels of oxidative stress markers and antioxidants in dry eye disease (DED) compared with healthy subject. METHOD The PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Science Direct and Google Scholar databases were searched on 10 January 2021 for studies reporting oxidative and antioxidative stress markers in DED and healthy controls. Main meta-analysis was stratified by type of biomarkers, type of samples (tears, conjunctival cells or biopsies), Sjögren's syndrome (SS) (patients with or without SS) and by geographical zones (Asia or Europe). RESULTS We included nine articles, for a total of 333 patients (628 eye samples) with DED and 165 healthy controls (451 eye samples). There is an overall increase in oxidative stress markers in DED compared with healthy controls (standard mean deviation = 2.39, 95% confidence interval 1.85-2.94), with a significant increase in lipid peroxide (1.90, 0.69-3.11), myeloperoxidase (2.17, 1.06-3.28), nitric oxide synthase 3 (2.52, 0.95-4.08), xanthine oxidase/oxidoreductase (2.41, 1.40-5.43), 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4HNE) (4.75, 1.67-7.84), malondialdehyde (3.00, 2.55-3.45) and reactive oxygen species (1.31, 0.94-1.68). Oxidative stress markers were higher in tears, conjunctival cells and conjunctival biopsies of DED than controls. Even if small number of studies were included for antioxidants, catalase seemed to be decreased in DED compared with healthy controls (-2.17, -3.00 to -1.34), with an increase of antioxidants in tears of DED patients without SS (1.13, 0.76-1.49). CONCLUSION Oxidative stress markers, and probably antioxidants, were dysregulated in DED, establishing a local oxidative environment in tears, conjunctival cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Navel
- University Hospital of Clermont‐Ferrand CHU Clermont‐Ferrand, Ophthalmology Clermont‐Ferrand France
- Université Clermont Auvergne CNRS UMR 6293 INSERM U1103 Genetic Reproduction and Development Laboratory (GReD) Translational Approach to Epithelial Injury and Repair Team Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Vincent Sapin
- Université Clermont Auvergne CNRS UMR 6293 INSERM U1103 Genetic Reproduction and Development Laboratory (GReD) Translational Approach to Epithelial Injury and Repair Team Clermont‐Ferrand France
- University Hospital of Clermont‐Ferrand CHU Clermont‐Ferrand, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Fanny Henrioux
- Université Clermont Auvergne CNRS UMR 6293 INSERM U1103 Genetic Reproduction and Development Laboratory (GReD) Translational Approach to Epithelial Injury and Repair Team Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Loïc Blanchon
- Université Clermont Auvergne CNRS UMR 6293 INSERM U1103 Genetic Reproduction and Development Laboratory (GReD) Translational Approach to Epithelial Injury and Repair Team Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Antoine Labbé
- Department of Ophthalmology III Quinze‐Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital IHU FOReSIGHT Paris France
- Sorbonne Université INSERM CNRS Institut de la Vision Paris France
- Department of Ophthalmology Ambroise Paré Hospital APHP Université de Versailles Saint‐Quentin en Yvelines Versailles France
| | - Frédéric Chiambaretta
- University Hospital of Clermont‐Ferrand CHU Clermont‐Ferrand, Ophthalmology Clermont‐Ferrand France
- Université Clermont Auvergne CNRS UMR 6293 INSERM U1103 Genetic Reproduction and Development Laboratory (GReD) Translational Approach to Epithelial Injury and Repair Team Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Christophe Baudouin
- Department of Ophthalmology III Quinze‐Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital IHU FOReSIGHT Paris France
- Sorbonne Université INSERM CNRS Institut de la Vision Paris France
- Department of Ophthalmology Ambroise Paré Hospital APHP Université de Versailles Saint‐Quentin en Yvelines Versailles France
| | - Frédéric Dutheil
- Université Clermont Auvergne CNRS LaPSCo Physiological and Psychosocial Stress CHU Clermont‐Ferrand University Hospital of Clermont‐Ferrand, Preventive and Occupational Medicine Witty Fit Clermont‐Ferrand France
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Jin M, Wang Y, An X, Kang H, Wang Y, Wang G, Gao Y, Wu S, Reinach PS, Liu Z, Xue Y, Li C. Phenotypic and transcriptomic changes in the corneal epithelium following exposure to cigarette smoke. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 287:117540. [PMID: 34147784 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke extract (CSE), a complex mixture of compounds, contributes to a range of eye diseases; however, the underlying pathophysiological responses to tobacco smoke remain ambiguous. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the cigarette smoke-induced phenotypic and transcriptomic changes in the corneal epithelium with a view to elucidating the likely underlying mechanism. Accordingly, for the first time, we characterized the genome-wide effects of CSE on the corneal epithelium. The ocular surface of the mice in the experimental groups was exposed to CSE for 1 h per day for a period of one week, while mice in the control group were exposed to preservative-free artificial tears. Corneal fluorescein staining, in vivo confocal microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were performed to examine the corneal ultrastructure. Transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were performed followed by RT-qPCR to validate gene expression changes. The results indicate that CSE exposure disrupted the structural integrity of the superficial epithelium, decreased the density of microvilli, and compromised the corneal epithelial barrier intactness. RNA-seq revealed 667 differentially expressed genes, and functional analysis highlighted the enhancement of several biological processes such as antioxidant activity and the response to oxidative stress. Moreover, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis showed that glutathione metabolism and drug metabolism cytochrome P450 were the most relevant pathways contributing to the effects of CSE on the corneal epithelium. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis illustrated that GCLC, NQO1, and HMOX1 were the most relevant nodes. In conclusion, the present study indicates that CSE exposure induces changes in the phenotype and genotype of the corneal epithelium. The antioxidant response element is essential for counteracting the effects of cigarette smoke on this tissue layer. These results shed novel insights into how cigarette smoke damages this ocular surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyi Jin
- Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yanzi Wang
- Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Xiaoya An
- Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Honghua Kang
- Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yixin Wang
- Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Guoliang Wang
- Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yang Gao
- College of Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Shuiping Wu
- College of Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Peter S Reinach
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Zuguo Liu
- Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yuhua Xue
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
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Medication use and dry eye symptoms: A large, hypothesis-free, population-based study in the Netherlands. Ocul Surf 2021; 22:1-12. [PMID: 34171471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2021.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To date, population-based studies reporting associations between dry eye disease and medications were hypothesis-driven, did not take into account underlying comorbidities, and did not investigate individual drugs. The purpose of this study was to clarify the association of dry eye symptoms with medication classes and individual drugs, using a hypothesis-free approach. METHODS 79,606 participants (age 20-97 years, 59.2% female) from the population-based Lifelines cohort in the Netherlands were cross-sectionally assessed for dry eye symptoms using the Womens' Health Study dry eye questionnaire. All medications used were coded with the ATC classification system. Logistic regression was used to assess the risk of the 59 most-used therapeutic/pharmacological subgroups and the 99 most-used individual drugs (all n > 200) on dry eye symptoms, correcting for age, sex, body mass index, and 48 comorbidities associated with dry eye. RESULTS Thirty-eight (64%) medication subgroups and fifty-two (53%) individual drugs were associated with dry eye symptoms (P < 0.05), after correction for age and sex only. A multivariable model correcting for comorbidities revealed highly significant associations between dry eye symptoms and drugs for peptic ulcer (particularly proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)), antiglaucoma and anticholinergic medications. CONCLUSIONS This study underlines that medication use is highly informative of risk of dry eye symptoms. Correction for underlying comorbidities is critical to avoid confounding effects. This study confirms suggested associations between medications and dry eye symptoms at a population level and shows several new associations. The novel link between PPIs and dry eye symptoms deserves particular attention given how commonly they are prescribed.
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Tummanapalli SS, Kuppusamy R, Yeo JH, Kumar N, New EJ, Willcox MDP. The role of nitric oxide in ocular surface physiology and pathophysiology. Ocul Surf 2021; 21:37-51. [PMID: 33940170 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has a wide array of biological functions including the regulation of vascular tone, neurotransmission, immunomodulation, stimulation of proinflammatory cytokine expression and antimicrobial action. These functions may depend on the type of isoform that is responsible for the synthesis of NO. NO is found in various ocular tissues playing a pivotal role in physiological mechanisms, namely regulating vascular tone in the uvea, retinal blood circulation, aqueous humor dynamics, neurotransmission and phototransduction in retinal layers. Unregulated production of NO in ocular tissues may result in production of toxic superoxide free radicals that participate in ocular diseases such as endotoxin-induced uveitis, ischemic proliferative retinopathy and neurotoxicity of optic nerve head in glaucoma. However, the role of NO on the ocular surface in mediating physiology and pathophysiological processes is not fully understood. Moreover, methods used to measure levels of NO in the biological samples of the ocular surface are not well established due to its rapid oxidation. The purpose of this review is to highlight the role of NO in the physiology and pathophysiology of ocular surface and propose suitable techniques to measure NO levels in ocular surface tissues and tears. This will improve the understanding of NO's role in ocular surface biology and the development of new NO-based therapies to treat various ocular surface diseases. Further, this review summarizes the biochemistry underpinning NO's antimicrobial action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajesh Kuppusamy
- School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Australia; School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jia Hao Yeo
- The University of Sydney, School of Chemistry, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Naresh Kumar
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elizabeth J New
- The University of Sydney, School of Chemistry, NSW, 2006, Australia; The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano), The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Mark D P Willcox
- School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Australia
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Hwang JS, Shin YJ. Role of Choline in Ocular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094733. [PMID: 33946979 PMCID: PMC8124599 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Choline is essential for maintaining the structure and function of cells in humans. Choline plays an important role in eye health and disease. It is a precursor of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system, and it is involved in the production and secretion of tears by the lacrimal glands. It also contributes to the stability of the cells and tears on the ocular surface and is involved in retinal development and differentiation. Choline deficiency is associated with retinal hemorrhage, glaucoma, and dry eye syndrome. Choline supplementation may be effective for treating these diseases.
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Health Potential of Aloe vera against Oxidative Stress Induced Corneal Damage: An "In Vitro" Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020318. [PMID: 33672553 PMCID: PMC7923787 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) is characterized by the gradual deterioration of corneal endothelial cells (CECs) and is the most common cause of corneal transplantation worldwide. CECs apoptosis caused by oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of FECD. Antioxidant compounds have been of considerable significance as a candidate treatment in the management of corneal diseases. Based on these findings, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of an aloe extract with antioxidant properties, in an “in vitro” model of FECD. Human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells were preincubated with aloe extract 100 μg/mL, two hours before hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stimulus. H2O2 challenge significantly reduced the cell viability, increased the generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and malondialdehyde levels. Moreover, m-RNA expression and activity of Nrf-2, Catalase and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) were reduced together with an enhanced expression of IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-6, and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2). Furthermore, Bcl-2, Caspase-3 and Caspase-8 expression were down-regulated while Bax was up-regulated by H2O2 stimulus. Aloe extract blunted the oxidative stress-induced inflammatory cascade triggered by H2O2 and modulated apoptosis. Aloe extract defends HCE cells from H2O2-induced injury possibly due its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, indicating that eye drops containing aloe extract may be used as an adjunctive treatment for FECD.
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Ajith TA. Alpha-lipoic acid: A possible pharmacological agent for treating dry eye disease and retinopathy in diabetes. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 47:1883-1890. [PMID: 32621549 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is a naturally occurring dithiol micronutrient which acts as a cofactor for mitochondrial enzyme activity. Due to its potential antioxidant activity, it is considered as "universal antioxidant". Previous studies reported the pharmacological benefits of ALA such as glycaemic control, improved insulin sensitivity and alleviation of diabetic complications such as neuropathy and cardiovascular diseases. Dry eye disease and retinopathy are prevalent in diabetic patients. Experimental studies demonstrated the beneficial effects of ALA in dry eye and diabetic retinopathy. ALA can prevent the dry eye by down regulating the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in the corneal epithelial cells and activating the antioxidant status of the ocular surface. Furthermore, its direct antioxidant effect can also prevent oxidative stress-induced corneal surface erosion and lachrymal gland damage. ALA prevents diabetic retinopathy through inhibition of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase and nuclear factor-kappa B activity and alleviation of oxidative stress. It can activate the nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 and AMP-activated protein kinase in retinal ganglion cells. Clinical trials conducted in pre-retinopathic diabetic patients showed ALA with genistein and vitamins could protect the retinal cells and decline the inflammatory effect in diabetic patients. However, studies are scant to explore its beneficial effects in dry eye disease and diabetic retinopathy. Therefore, this review article discusses an update on the role of ALA in dry eye disease and diabetic retinopathy, two ocular diseases prevalent in diabetic patients.
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Comparison of ophthalmic toxicity of light-emitting diode and organic light-emitting diode light sources. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11582. [PMID: 32665663 PMCID: PMC7360575 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68565-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) has rapidly increased in recent years. However, the effect of OLEDs on human health has not been studied yet. We investigated morphologic and functional changes after OLEDs exposure of human ocular cells, including corneal, conjunctival, lens, and retinal pigment epithelial cells, and mouse eyes. In corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells, the levels of reactive oxygen species production and interleukin-8 expression after white light-emitting diodes (LED) exposure were significantly greater than those after OLED exposure. Although no gross morphologic changes of the eyelid or cornea were found in LED- or OLED-exposed mice, oxidative stress on ocular surface was significantly increased, and the outer nuclear layer (ONL) was significantly shorter in both light-treated groups than the control group. Moreover, ONL thickness was significantly lower in the LED group than the OLED group. The electroretinography response was significantly lower in light exposure group, and there was significant difference between LED- and OLED-treated mice. Although OLED exhibits certain ocular toxicity, it can be less toxic to eyes than LED. The higher blue-wavelength energy of LED light might be the reason for its higher toxicity relative to OLED.
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Vaz VVA, Jardim da Silva L, Geihs MA, Maciel FE, Nery LEM, Vargas MA. Single and repeated low-dose UVB radiation exposures affect the visual system. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2020; 209:111941. [PMID: 32629396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.111941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The visual system is an important biological indicator of effects induced by ultraviolet (UV) radiation. However, research has extensively investigated the effects of high-dose UV radiation in a single exposure, thus, the differential of this work was to investigate the effects of UVB radiation in low doses in single and repeated exposure. Therefore, we investigated the effects of repeated exposure to environmental UVB doses (0.09 J/cm2) on the retina and optic lobes of the crab Neohelice granulata. We evaluated the reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration, antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals (ACAP) levels, catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities and lipoperoxidation (LPO) levels and performed histological analysis. The crabs were exposed to UVB radiation for 1 or 60 days, while the control group was exposed to visible light. In the retina region, increases in ROS concentration and CAT and GST activities after the single exposure were observed. After 60 days of exposure, we observed an increase in ACAP levels. In the optic lobes, we observed an increase in GST activity and a decrease in LPO levels after the single exposure. However, we observed an increase in ROS concentration after 60 days of exposure. Moreover, after 60 days of exposure, infiltrating hemocytes in the retina and disorganization in neuron cell bodies of the external medulla were observed. In this sense, single and repeated exposure to low doses of UVB radiation induced changes in oxidative status and inflammatory process in the visual system of the crab Neohelice granulata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valmor Vinicius Araujo Vaz
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Leandra Jardim da Silva
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Márcio Alberto Geihs
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Fábio Everton Maciel
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Luiz Eduardo Maia Nery
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Alves Vargas
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
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Deng Y, Chen W, Xiao P, Jiang H, Wang J, Chen W, Li S, Zhong J, Peng L, Wang Q, Yuan J. Conjunctival microvascular responses to anti-inflammatory treatment in patients with dry eye. Microvasc Res 2020; 131:104033. [PMID: 32615134 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2020.104033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study characterized conjunctival microvascular morphological and haemodynamic responses after anti-inflammatory treatment in dry eye (DE). MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-five patients with moderate DE (17 females and 8 males aged 48 ± 16 years) who underwent anti-inflammatory therapy (0.1% fluorometholone) and 25 healthy subjects (20 females and 5 males aged 48 ± 17 years) recruited as controls were enrolled. The conjunctival blood flow rate (BFR), blood flow velocity (BFV) and vessel diameter were measured by functional slit-lamp biomicroscopy (FSLB). DE symptoms and signs were assessed. All measurements were performed at baseline and at 30 and 60 days after commencement of treatment. RESULTS At baseline, the conjunctival BFR, BFV, and vessel diameter were higher in the DE group than in the control group (p < 0.05). The BFR, BFV and corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) scores decreased at 60 days after therapy compared to at baseline and 30 days (all pcorrected < 0.05); Ocular surface diseases index (OSDI), the hyperaemia index (HI) and vessel diameters only showed significant decreases at 30 days. Moreover, significant increases in the noninvasive tear film break-up time (NI-BUT) and Schirmer I test score (ST) were observed. The CFS score correlated positively with BFV (r = 0.46), BFR (r = 0.58) and vessel diameter (r = 0.47). CONCLUSION This study characterized conjunctival microvascular responses to anti-inflammatory treatment in DE patients. The results suggest that conjunctival BFV and BFR can be used as dynamic markers for treatment efficacy in DE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Wan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Peng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Weirong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Saiqun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lulu Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Kuo YK, Lin IC, Chien LN, Lin TY, How YT, Chen KH, Dusting GJ, Tseng CL. Dry Eye Disease: A Review of Epidemiology in Taiwan, and its Clinical Treatment and Merits. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E1227. [PMID: 31443274 PMCID: PMC6722537 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8081227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) has become common on a global scale in recent years. There is a wide prevalence of DED in different countries based on various ethnicities and environment. DED is a multifactorial ocular disorder. In addition to advanced age and gender, such factors as living at high altitude, smoking, pterygium, prolonged use of consumer electronics or overingesting of caffeine or multivitamins are considered to be the major risk factors of DED. We report the DED epidemiology in Taiwan firstly in this article. According to the pathophysiological factors and changes inthe composition of the tear film in DED, it can be categorized into several subtypes, including lipid anomaly dry eye, aqueous tear deficiency, allergic and toxic dry eye among others. Each subtype has its own cause and disease management; therefore, it is important for ophthalmologists to identify the type through literature review and investigation. The management of DED, relies not only on traditional medications such as artificial tears, gels and ointments, but also newer treatment options such as acupuncture, SYL1001, and nanomedicine therapy. We also conducted a comprehensive literature review including common subtypes and treatment of DED. Clearly, more clinical trials are needed to assess the efficacy and safety of the various treatments and common subtypes of DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Kai Kuo
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - I-Chan Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Li-Nien Chien
- School of Health Care Administration, College of Management, , Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Health and Clinical Data Research Center, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yu Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ting How
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials & Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Hua Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Gregory J Dusting
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Ching-Li Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials & Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Institute of International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Research Center of Biomedical Device, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- International PhD Program in Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
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Chloroquine Protects Human Corneal Epithelial Cells from Desiccation Stress Induced Inflammation without Altering the Autophagy Flux. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:7627329. [PMID: 30519584 PMCID: PMC6241345 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7627329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial ocular surface disorder affecting millions of individuals worldwide. Inflammation has been associated with dry eye and anti-inflammatory drugs are now being targeted as the alternate therapeutic approach for dry eye condition. In this study, we have explored the anti-inflammatory and autophagy modulating effect of chloroquine (CQ) in human corneal epithelial and human corneal fibroblasts cells exposed to desiccation stress, (an in-vitro model for DED). Gene and protein expression profiling of inflammatory and autophagy related molecular factors were analyzed in HCE-T and primary HCF cells exposed to desiccation stress with and without CQ treatment. HCE-T and HCF cells exposed to desiccation stress exhibited increased levels of activated p65, TNF-α, MCP-1, MMP-9, and IL-6. Further, treatment with CQ decreased the levels of active p65, TNF-α, MCP-1, and MMP-9 in cells underdesiccation stress. Increased levels of LC3B and LAMP1 markers in HCE-T cells exposed to desiccation stress suggest activation of autophagy and the addition of CQ did not alter these levels. Changes in the phosphorylation levels of MAPKinase and mTOR pathway proteins were found in HCE-T cells under desiccation stress with or without CQ treatment. Taken together, the data suggests that HCE-T cells under desiccation stress showed NFκB mediated inflammation, which was rescued through the anti-inflammatory effect of CQ without altering the autophagy flux. Therefore, CQ may be used as an alternate therapeutic management for dry eye condition.
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Smallwood MJ, Nissim A, Knight AR, Whiteman M, Haigh R, Winyard PG. Oxidative stress in autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 125:3-14. [PMID: 29859343 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.05.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The management of patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains a significant challenge. Often the rheumatologist is restricted to treating and relieving the symptoms and consequences and not the underlying cause of the disease. Oxidative stress occurs in many autoimmune diseases, along with the excess production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). The sources of such reactive species include NADPH oxidases (NOXs), the mitochondrial electron transport chain, nitric oxide synthases, nitrite reductases, and the hydrogen sulfide producing enzymes cystathionine-β synthase and cystathionine-γ lyase. Superoxide undergoes a dismutation reaction to generate hydrogen peroxide which, in the presence of transition metal ions (e.g. ferrous ions), forms the hydroxyl radical. The enzyme myeloperoxidase, present in inflammatory cells, produces hypochlorous acid, and in healthy individuals ROS and RNS production by phagocytic cells is important in microbial killing. Both low molecular weight antioxidant molecules and antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and peroxiredoxin remove ROS. However, when ROS production exceeds the antioxidant protection, oxidative stress occurs. Oxidative post-translational modifications of proteins then occur. Sometimes protein modifications may give rise to neoepitopes that are recognized by the immune system as 'non-self' and result in the formation of autoantibodies. The detection of autoantibodies against specific antigens, might improve both early diagnosis and monitoring of disease activity. Promising diagnostic autoantibodies include anti-carbamylated proteins and anti-oxidized type II collagen antibodies. Some of the most promising future strategies for redox-based therapeutic compounds are the activation of endogenous cellular antioxidant systems (e.g. Nrf2-dependent pathways), inhibition of disease-relevant sources of ROS/RNS (e.g. isoform-specific NOX inhibitors), or perhaps specifically scavenging disease-related ROS/RNS via site-specific antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda J Smallwood
- University of Exeter Medical School, St Luke's Campus, Exeter, Devon EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Ahuva Nissim
- Centre for Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Annie R Knight
- University of Exeter Medical School, St Luke's Campus, Exeter, Devon EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Matthew Whiteman
- University of Exeter Medical School, St Luke's Campus, Exeter, Devon EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Richard Haigh
- University of Exeter Medical School, St Luke's Campus, Exeter, Devon EX1 2LU, UK; Department of Rheumatology, Princess Elizabeth Orthopaedic Centre, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust (Wonford), Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Paul G Winyard
- University of Exeter Medical School, St Luke's Campus, Exeter, Devon EX1 2LU, UK.
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Paduch R, Matysik-Woźniak A, Maciejewski R, Jünemann AG, Rejdak R. Paracrine Interactions between the Conjunctival and Corneal Epithelial Cells Regulate Microenvironmental Homeostasis during Artificially Induced Inflammation. Curr Eye Res 2018; 43:611-620. [PMID: 29400577 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2018.1434897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose/Aim of the study: The corneal and conjunctival epithelium interact with each other and reciprocally modulate the levels of soluble mediators to maintain balance in the ocular surface. The aim of the present study was to analyze paracrine interactions between the corneal and conjunctival epithelium in an inflamed microenvironment (LPS or PMA induction) to test the levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide released by the epithelia. MATERIALS AND METHODS The corneal (pRSV-T) and conjunctival (HC0597) epithelial cell cultures and their indirect co-cultures were treated for 2 h with LPS (E. coli) or for 30 min with phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) to induce inflammation. Cytokine expression (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10) and the level of apoptosis were analyzed by ELISA, and the nitric oxide (NO) level by Griess reaction. Cells were incubated for 24 h. RESULTS The apoptosis of the corneal and conjunctival epithelia decreased (by 43% and 53%, respectively) in co-cultures compared to corresponding monocultures. The conjunctival epithelium produced lower amounts (23%) of NO than the corneal epithelium. PMA and LPS had comparable effects on the levels of NO in mono- and co-cultures. The levels of the tested cytokines changed depending on the type of cell culture and culture conditions (mono- vs. co-cultures and inflammation). The most striking changes were observed for IL-6 expression. CONCLUSIONS Paracrine interactions between the corneal and conjunctival epithelia may regulate microenvironmental homeostasis during artificially induced inflammation among others by balancing the levels of NO, cytokines, and the viability of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Paduch
- a Department of Virology and Immunology , Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University , Lublin , Poland.,b Department of General Ophthalmology , Medical University , Lublin , Poland
| | | | | | - Anselm G Jünemann
- d Department of Ophthalmology , University Eye Hospital , Rostock , Germany
| | - Robert Rejdak
- b Department of General Ophthalmology , Medical University , Lublin , Poland.,e Medical Research Centre , Polish Academy of Science , Warsaw , Poland
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Farias-Junior PMA, Teixeira FB, Fagundes NCF, Miranda GHN, Oliveira Bittencourt L, de Oliveira Paraense RS, Silva MCF, Sagica FDES, de Oliveira EH, Crespo-López ME, Lima RR. Chronic intoxication by methylmercury leads to oxidative damage and cell death in salivary glands of rats. Metallomics 2017; 9:1778-1785. [PMID: 29082389 DOI: 10.1039/c7mt00168a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is one of the most toxic species of mercury, causing several systemic damages; however, its effect on the salivary glands has rarely been explored to date. This study was aimed at analyzing the mercury deposit, oxidative stress markers, and cell viability in parotid and submandibular rat salivary glands after chronic methylmercury intoxication. Herein, forty male Wistar rats (40 days old) were used in the experiment. The animals of the experimental group were intoxicated by intragastric gavage with MeHg at a dose of 0.04 mg per kg body weight per day for 35 days, whereas the control group received only corn oil, a diluent. After the period of intoxication, the glands were obtained for evaluation of total mercury deposit, cell viability, and the malondialdehyde (MDA) and the nitrite levels. Our results indicated mercury deposits in salivary glands, with a decrease in cell viability, higher levels of MDA in both glands of intoxicated animals, and a higher concentration of nitrite only in the submandibular gland of the mercury group. Thus, the intoxication by MeHg was able to generate deposits and oxidative stress in salivary glands that resulted in a decrease in cell viability in both types of glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Mecenas Alves Farias-Junior
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Street Augusto Corrêa N. 01, Guamá, Belém, Pará 66075-900, Brazil.
| | - Francisco Bruno Teixeira
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Street Augusto Corrêa N. 01, Guamá, Belém, Pará 66075-900, Brazil.
| | - Nathalia Carolina Fernandes Fagundes
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Street Augusto Corrêa N. 01, Guamá, Belém, Pará 66075-900, Brazil.
| | - Giza Hellen Nonato Miranda
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Street Augusto Corrêa N. 01, Guamá, Belém, Pará 66075-900, Brazil.
| | - Leonardo Oliveira Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Street Augusto Corrêa N. 01, Guamá, Belém, Pará 66075-900, Brazil.
| | | | - Márcia Cristina Freitas Silva
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Street Augusto Corrêa N. 01, Guamá, Belém, Pará 66075-900, Brazil.
| | | | - Edivaldo Herculano de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Tissue Culture and Cytogenetics, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil and College of Natural Sciences, Institute of Natural Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Maria Elena Crespo-López
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Street Augusto Corrêa N. 01, Guamá, Belém, Pará 66075-900, Brazil.
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Oxidative stress to the cornea, changes in corneal optical properties, and advances in treatment of corneal oxidative injuries. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:591530. [PMID: 25861412 PMCID: PMC4377462 DOI: 10.1155/2015/591530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is involved in many ocular diseases and injuries. The imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants in favour of oxidants (oxidative stress) leads to the damage and may be highly involved in ocular aging processes. The anterior eye segment and mainly the cornea are directly exposed to noxae of external environment, such as air pollution, radiation, cigarette smoke, vapors or gases from household cleaning products, chemical burns from splashes of industrial chemicals, and danger from potential oxidative damage evoked by them. Oxidative stress may initiate or develop ocular injury resulting in decreased visual acuity or even vision loss. The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of ocular diseases with particular attention to oxidative stress in the cornea and changes in corneal optical properties are discussed. Advances in the treatment of corneal oxidative injuries or diseases are shown.
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Isolation of microRNA from conjunctival impression cytology. Exp Eye Res 2015; 132:109-14. [PMID: 25584869 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2015.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Impression cytology (IC) is an easy and safe technique that has been used in the past for harvesting epithelial cells from the cornea and conjunctiva for various applications including histology, immunohistology and molecular studies. Previous investigations have shown the usage of different types of membranes for the purpose of investigating pathophysiology and staging of diseases. This contributes to a better understanding of ocular surface conditions and helps to provide information for diagnosis, therapeutic options and prognosis. Recently, there has been a shift of focus in research towards understanding the contribution of microRNAs (miRs) to ocular disease. Thus far, impression cytology has been explored for measuring gene expression but not for quantifying miR expression. This study describes how miRs and mRNA can be isolated from conjunctival epithelial cells obtained by impression cytology and determines the optimum membrane and technique for this purpose. The IC technique was optimized using Biopore, Immobilon-P(SQ) and Millicell Hanging Cell Culture Insert membranes on healthy controls. miRs and mRNAs were isolated from the conjunctival epithelial cells (CEC) obtained and measured. Biopore membrane provided the optimum yield of miRs (38.8 ng/μL ± 10.8) and mRNA (155.3 ng/μL ± 20.1) as well as subjectively found to be best tolerated with minimum discomfort. Appreciable levels of miRs and mRNAs were detected from the CEC from healthy controls, confirming that it is possible to isolate miR and mRNA from CEC. Here, we give a detailed description of the application of conjunctival impression cytology to isolate miRs and the convenience of the technique by using the best membrane available. This method can be readily adopted in both clinical and laboratory settings. This technique will facilitate the measurement of miRs to improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of ocular surface conditions as well as potentially identifying novel therapeutic targets.
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Alpha-lipoic acid restores tear production in an animal model of dry eye. Exp Eye Res 2014; 120:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2013.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Lahmar-Belguendouz K, Belguendouz H, Hartani D, Lahlou-Boukoffa OS, Bédiar-Boulaneb F, Touil-Boukoffa C. [Effects of peroxynitrite derived from nitric oxide on cultured bovine ocular explants]. J Fr Ophtalmol 2012; 36:41-9. [PMID: 23040446 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2012.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several studies have reported a significant production of nitric oxide (NO) with peroxynitrite formation in the setting of intraocular inflammation. In a previous study, we showed the cytotoxic effect of nitrites and nitrates, stable metabolites of NO, on the various tissues forming the layers of the eye, with variable degrees of tissue sensitivity. This study aims to investigate the effect of peroxynitrite on whole ocular bovine explants in culture. METHODS Healthy ocular bovine eyes, obtained immediately upon enucleation, were dissected and samples were taken from the anterior and posterior segments, and then cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, 2mM L-glutamine and antibiotics. Cultures were treated with 3-morpholino-sydonimin N-ethyl-carbamide (SIN-1) (molecule which produces NO and superoxide anion O(2)(.-)) at varying concentrations (100 to 500 μM) over 24 hours. After incubation, the explants were fixed in 10% buffered formalin, and histological study was performed. RESULTS Most of the structures showed changes on tissue and cellular levels after incubation with the peroxynitrite donor and various responses depending on the concentration used. These observations reflect variable concentration-dependent tissue sensitivity. The epithelia (cornea, iris and ciliary process) showed high sensitivity in comparison with sclera, which developed greater resistance. CONCLUSION In all, our results indicate a deleterious effect of peroxynitrite on bovine ocular structures in vitro. This effect is proportional to the concentration used. These results corroborate those reported by other teams and suggest the role of peroxynitrite derived from NO in the ocular lesions observed in the setting of uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Lahmar-Belguendouz
- Équipe « cytokines et NO synthases : immunité et pathogénie », laboratoire de biologie cellulaire et moléculaire, faculté des sciences biologiques, USTHB Bab Ezzouar, El Alia, BP 32, 16100 Alger, Algérie
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Cejka C, Luyckx J, Cejková J. Central corneal thickness considered an index of corneal hydration of the UVB irradiated rabbit cornea as influenced by UVB absorber. Physiol Res 2012; 61:299-306. [PMID: 22480421 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
UVB radiation from sunlight induces an acute corneal inflammation, photokeratitis, accompanied by changes in corneal hydration. We employed a method of ultrasonic pachymetry for daily examination of central corneal thickness as an index of corneal hydration of the rabbit cornea repeatedly irradiated by UVB radiation (312 nm, daily dose of 0.25 J/cm(2) during three or four days) as influenced by UVB absorber (actinoquinol combined with hyaluronic acid) dropped on the ocular surface during irradiation. One day after the third irradiation procedure the animals were sacrificed and corneas examined immuno-histochemically for peroxynitrite formation, a marker of oxidative damage, the antioxidant aldehyde dehydrogenase 3A1 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase, an enzyme generated nitric oxide. Results show that UV absorber combined with hyaluronic acid protected the cornea against UVB-induced changes in corneal thickness and microscopical disturbances to the cornea (both seen after buffered saline application) until the fourth experimental day. These UVB doses are equivalent to a daily exposure of 2.5 hrs of the human cornea to solar UVB radiation for three consecutive days. It is suggested that actinoquinol/ hyaluronic acid drops might be helpful for the human eye in the defence against photooxidative and other oxidative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cejka
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Abstract
Impression cytology (IC) allows cells to be harvested from the ocular surface noninvasively. Superficial layers of the epithelium are removed by application of cellulose acetate filters or Biopore membranes, and the cells can be subsequently analyzed by various methods, depending on the objective of the investigation or pathology involved. IC techniques are easily learned, can be performed in an outpatient setting, and cause virtually no discomfort to the patient. IC facilitates the diagnosis of ocular surface disorders, including, among others, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, ocular surface squamous neoplasia, and ocular surface infections. During the past decade, IC has been used increasingly to assist in diagnosis of ocular surface disease, improve our understanding of the pathophysiology of ocular surface disease, and provide biomarkers to be used as outcome measures in clinical trials. Dry eye disease is one area in which IC has contributed to significant advances.
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