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Vidanapathirana AK, Psaltis PJ, Bursill CA, Abell AD, Nicholls SJ. Cardiovascular bioimaging of nitric oxide: Achievements, challenges, and the future. Med Res Rev 2020; 41:435-463. [PMID: 33075148 DOI: 10.1002/med.21736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a ubiquitous, volatile, cellular signaling molecule that operates across a wide physiological concentration range (pM-µM) in different tissues. It is a highly diffusible messenger and intermediate in various metabolic pathways. NO plays a pivotal role in maintaining optimum cardiovascular function, particularly by regulating vascular tone and blood flow. This review highlights the need for accurate, real-time bioimaging of NO in clinical diagnostic, therapeutic, monitoring, and theranostic applications within the cardiovascular system. We summarize electrochemical, optical, and nanoscale sensors that allow measurement and imaging of NO, both directly and indirectly via surrogate measurements. The physical properties of NO render it difficult to accurately measure in tissues using direct methods. There are also significant limitations associated with the NO metabolites used as surrogates to indirectly estimate NO levels. All these factors added to significant variability in the measurement of NO using available methodology have led to a lack of sensors and imaging techniques of clinical applicability in relevant vascular pathologies such as atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease. Challenges in applying current methods to biomedical and clinical translational research, including the wide physiological range of NO and limitations due to the characteristics and toxicity of the sensors are discussed, as are potential targets and modifications for future studies. The development of biocompatible nanoscale sensors for use in combination with existing clinical imaging modalities provides a feasible opportunity for bioimaging NO within the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achini K Vidanapathirana
- Vascular Research Centre, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Australian Research Council (ARC), Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Adelaide, Australia.,Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Peter J Psaltis
- Vascular Research Centre, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Australian Research Council (ARC), Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Adelaide, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Christina A Bursill
- Vascular Research Centre, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Australian Research Council (ARC), Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Adelaide, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew D Abell
- Australian Research Council (ARC), Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Adelaide, Australia.,Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Chemistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Stephen J Nicholls
- Australian Research Council (ARC), Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Adelaide, Australia.,Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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A Novel Ruthenium-based Molecular Sensor to Detect Endothelial Nitric Oxide. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1720. [PMID: 30737439 PMCID: PMC6368587 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39123-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a key regulator of endothelial cell and vascular function. The direct measurement of NO is challenging due to its short half-life, and as such surrogate measurements are typically used to approximate its relative concentrations. Here we demonstrate that ruthenium-based [Ru(bpy)2(dabpy)]2+ is a potent sensor for NO in its irreversible, NO-bound active form, [Ru(bpy)2(T-bpy)]2+. Using spectrophotometry we established the sensor’s ability to detect and measure soluble NO in a concentration-dependent manner in cell-free media. Endothelial cells cultured with acetylcholine or hydrogen peroxide to induce endogenous NO production showed modest increases of 7.3 ± 7.1% and 36.3 ± 25.0% respectively in fluorescence signal from baseline state, while addition of exogenous NO increased their fluorescence by 5.2-fold. The changes in fluorescence signal were proportionate and comparable against conventional NO assays. Rabbit blood samples immediately exposed to [Ru(bpy)2(dabpy)]2+ displayed 8-fold higher mean fluorescence, relative to blood without sensor. Approximately 14% of the observed signal was NO/NO adduct-specific. Optimal readings were obtained when sensor was added to freshly collected blood, remaining stable during subsequent freeze-thaw cycles. Clinical studies are now required to test the utility of [Ru(bpy)2(dabpy)]2+ as a sensor to detect changes in NO from human blood samples in cardiovascular health and disease.
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Sharma G, Ashhar MU, Aeri V, Katare DP. Development and characterization of late-stage diabetes mellitus and -associated vascular complications. Life Sci 2018; 216:295-304. [PMID: 30408473 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical investigation is the key mark of medical research, as the major breakthroughs including treatment of devastating diseases in biomedical research have been led by animal studies. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a predominant metabolic disorder having high prevalence of morbidity worldwide which create an urgent need to understand the pathogenesis, complication and other possible influences by development of appropriate animal model. High-fat diet (HFD) fed animals (21 days) were treated with single cycle of repetitive dose (SCRD) of streptozotocin (STZ; 40, 30 and 20 mg/kg/per day in three respective group at 1st, 3rd, and 5th day) and double cycle of repetitive dose (DCRD) of streptozocin (STZ) (20, 10 and 5 mg/kg/per day in three respective group at 1st, 3rd, and 5th day in one cycle and 21st, 23rd, 25th day in second cycle of treatment) to induce late-stage diabetic complications. Induction of hyperglycemia was assessed by fasting and postprandial blood glucose, HbA1c, insulin, C-peptide, pancreatic β-cells and dyslipidaemia up to 12 weeks. Combined treatment of HFD and STZ (20 mg/kg) in the DCRD manner were significantly induced late-stage diabetic complication with sustained hyperglycaemia, no mortality, increased HbA1c and dyslipidaemia, reduced insulin, C-peptide and beta cells. Moreover, biochemical and histological assessment of micro and macrovascular tissues confirmed the significant cardio-renal injury, endothelial and hepatic damage. The study confirmed the development of chronic diabetic model in rat mimicked to clinical pathology with associated micro and macrovascular abnormalities which can further explore the molecular aspects of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunjan Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303, India
| | - Md Umama Ashhar
- Department of Pharmacology, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303, India
| | - Vidhu Aeri
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Deepshikha Pande Katare
- Proteomic & Translational Research Lab, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201313, India.
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Kollau A, Gesslbauer B, Russwurm M, Koesling D, Gorren ACF, Schrammel A, Mayer B. Modulation of nitric oxide-stimulated soluble guanylyl cyclase activity by cytoskeleton-associated proteins in vascular smooth muscle. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 156:168-176. [PMID: 30099008 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC, EC 4.6.1.2) is a key enzyme in the regulation of vascular tone. In view of the therapeutic interest of the NO/cGMP pathway, drugs were developed that either increase the NO sensitivity of the enzyme or activate heme-free apo-sGC. However, modulation of sGC activity by endogenous agents is poorly understood. In the present study we show that the maximal activity of NO-stimulated purified sGC is significantly increased by cytosolic preparations of porcine coronary arteries. Purification of the active principle by several chromatographic steps resulted in a protein mixture consisting of 100, 70, and 40 kDa bands on SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The respective proteins were identified by LC-MS/MS as gelsolin, annexin A6, and actin, respectively. Further purification resulted in loss of activity, indicating an interaction of sGC with a protein complex rather than a single protein. The partially purified preparation had no effect on basal sGC activity or enzyme activation by the heme mimetic BAY 60-2770, suggesting a specific effect on the conformation of the NO-bound heterodimeric holoenzyme. Since the three proteins identified are all related to contractile elements of smooth muscle, our data suggest that regulation of vascular tone involves a modulatory interaction of sGC with the cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kollau
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Bernd Gesslbauer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Russwurm
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Doris Koesling
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Antonius C F Gorren
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Astrid Schrammel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Bernd Mayer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Das AK, Meuwly M. Kinetic Analysis and Structural Interpretation of Competitive Ligand Binding for NO Dioxygenation in Truncated Hemoglobin N. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:3509-3513. [PMID: 29356324 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201711445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The conversion of nitric oxide (NO) into nitrate (NO3- ) by dioxygenation protects cells from lethal NO. Starting from NO-bound heme, the first step in converting NO into benign NO3- is the ligand exchange reaction FeNO+O2 →FeO2 +NO, which is still poorly understood at a molecular level. For wild-type (WT) truncated hemoglobin N (trHbN) and its Y33A mutant, the calculated barriers for the exchange reaction differ by 1.5 kcal mol-1 , compared with 1.7 kcal mol-1 from experiment. It is directly confirmed that the ligand exchange reaction is rate-limiting in trHbN and that entropic contributions account for 75 % of the difference between the WT and the mutant. Residues Tyr 33, Phe 46, Val 80, His 81, and Gln 82 surrounding the active site are expected to control the reaction path. By comparison with electronic structure calculations, the transition state separating the two ligand-bound states was assigned to a 2 A state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshaya Kumar Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Meuwly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, Basel, Switzerland
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