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Killingly C, Lacherez P. The song that never ends: The effect of repeated exposure on the development of an earworm. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2023; 76:2535-2545. [PMID: 36622014 PMCID: PMC10585939 DOI: 10.1177/17470218231152368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
An "earworm"-the experience of a catchy melody that repeats persistently in the mind-is a ubiquitous yet mysterious cognitive phenomenon. Previous research demonstrates that earworms for vocal music engage working memory resources, manifesting as "inner singing." This study investigated whether this effect is moderated by prior exposure to music. In one experimental session, participants (N = 44) were presented with four novel song choruses. To manipulate exposure, each song was presented between one and four times, counterbalanced across participants. The following day, participants undertook a serial recall task during and following presentation of each song. In addition, they rated the music on familiarity, enjoyment, their desire to sing along, and perceived catchiness, both before and following the experiment. Increased exposure to novel songs on the first day tended to result in greater interference on task performance during and following their presentation on the second day, yet the effect varied depending on the song. Ratings of the desire to sing along and perceived familiarity increased significantly between the sessions for all songs. These findings are important in understanding the relative influence of familiarity and song-level characteristics on the development of an earworm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callula Killingly
- School of Psychology & Counselling, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Early Childhood and Inclusive Education, Faculty of Education, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Philippe Lacherez
- School of Psychology & Counselling, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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2
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Chabin T, Pazart L, Gabriel D. Vocal melody and musical background are simultaneously processed by the brain for musical predictions. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2022; 1512:126-140. [PMID: 35229293 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Musical pleasure is related to the capacity to predict and anticipate the music. By recording early cerebral responses of 16 participants with electroencephalography during periods of silence inserted in known and unknown songs, we aimed to measure the contribution of different musical attributes to musical predictions. We investigated the mismatch between past encoded musical features and the current sensory inputs when listening to lyrics associated with vocal melody, only background instrumental material, or both attributes grouped together. When participants were listening to chords and lyrics for known songs, the brain responses related to musical violation produced event-related potential responses around 150-200 ms that were of a larger amplitude than for chords or lyrics only. Microstate analysis also revealed that for chords and lyrics, the global field power had an increased stability and a longer duration. The source localization identified that the right superior temporal and frontal gyri and the inferior and medial frontal gyri were activated for a longer time for chords and lyrics, likely caused by the increased complexity of the stimuli. We conclude that grouped together, a broader integration and retrieval of several musical attributes at the same time recruit larger neuronal networks that lead to more accurate predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Chabin
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Centre d'Investigation Clinique INSERM CIC 1431, Besançon, France
| | - Lionel Pazart
- Plateforme de Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle et Neurostimulation Neuraxess, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, France
| | - Damien Gabriel
- Laboratoire de Recherches Intégratives en Neurosciences et Psychologie Cognitive, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
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3
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Di Liberto GM, Marion G, Shamma SA. Accurate Decoding of Imagined and Heard Melodies. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:673401. [PMID: 34421512 PMCID: PMC8375770 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.673401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Music perception requires the human brain to process a variety of acoustic and music-related properties. Recent research used encoding models to tease apart and study the various cortical contributors to music perception. To do so, such approaches study temporal response functions that summarise the neural activity over several minutes of data. Here we tested the possibility of assessing the neural processing of individual musical units (bars) with electroencephalography (EEG). We devised a decoding methodology based on a maximum correlation metric across EEG segments (maxCorr) and used it to decode melodies from EEG based on an experiment where professional musicians listened and imagined four Bach melodies multiple times. We demonstrate here that accurate decoding of melodies in single-subjects and at the level of individual musical units is possible, both from EEG signals recorded during listening and imagination. Furthermore, we find that greater decoding accuracies are measured for the maxCorr method than for an envelope reconstruction approach based on backward temporal response functions (bTRFenv). These results indicate that low-frequency neural signals encode information beyond note timing, especially with respect to low-frequency cortical signals below 1 Hz, which are shown to encode pitch-related information. Along with the theoretical implications of these results, we discuss the potential applications of this decoding methodology in the context of novel brain-computer interface solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni M Di Liberto
- Laboratoire des Systèmes Perceptifs, CNRS, Paris, France.,Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Paris, France.,Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College, Trinity Institute of Neuroscience, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering and UCD University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Guilhem Marion
- Laboratoire des Systèmes Perceptifs, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Shihab A Shamma
- Laboratoire des Systèmes Perceptifs, CNRS, Paris, France.,Institute for Systems Research, Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
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Simmank F, Avram M, Fehse K, Sander T, Zaytseva Y, Paolini M, Bao Y, Silveira S. Morality in advertising: An fMRI study on persuasion in communication. Psych J 2020; 9:629-643. [PMID: 32515144 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Advertising slogans serve the function of persuasive communication by presenting catchy phrases. To decide whether a slogan is convincing or not, cognitive reasoning is assumed to be complemented by a more implicit and intuitive route of information processing, presumably similar to evaluating normative judgments in moral statements. We employed functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while Western male subjects judged advertising slogans and moral statements as another decision task with subjective nature. Compared to a neutral control condition that targeted declarative memory and to an aesthetic-related condition, the evaluation processes in both domains engaged the anterior medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), which is associated with decision-making incorporating personal value. Conjoint activations were also observed in the left temporoparietal junction (TPJ) when compared to the aesthetics condition. Results are discussed with reference to domain-independence, a suspected difference to aesthetic-like appreciations, and functional organization in the mPFC and the TPJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Simmank
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Human Science Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Mihai Avram
- Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,TUM-NIC Neuroimaging Center, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kai Fehse
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Human Science Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Yuliya Zaytseva
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Human Science Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marco Paolini
- Department of Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Yan Bao
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Human Science Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Sarita Silveira
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Human Science Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
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Joucla C, Nicolier M, Giustiniani J, Brunotte G, Noiret N, Monnin J, Magnin E, Pazart L, Moulin T, Haffen E, Vandel P, Gabriel D. Evidence for a neural signature of musical preference during silence. Int J Psychophysiol 2018; 125:50-56. [PMID: 29474854 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
One of the most basic and person-specific affective responses to music is liking. The present investigation sought to determine whether liking was preserved during spontaneous auditory imagery. To this purpose, we inserted two-second silent intervals into liked and disliked songs, a method known to automatically recreate a mental image of these songs. Neural correlates of musical preference were measured by high-density electroencephalography in twenty subjects who had to listen to a set of five pre-selected unknown songs the same number of times for two weeks. Time frequency analysis of the two most liked and the two most disliked songs confirmed the presence of neural responses related to liking. At the beginning of silent intervals (400-900 ms and 1000-1300 ms), significant differences in theta activity were originating from the inferior frontal and superior temporal gyrus. These two brain structures are known to work together to process various aspects of music and are also activated when measuring liking while listening to music. At the end of silent intervals (1400-1900 ms), significant alpha activity differences originating from the insula were observed, whose exact role remains to be explored. Although exposure was controlled for liked and disliked songs, liked songs were rated as more familiar, underlying the strong relationship that exists between liking, exposure, and familiarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coralie Joucla
- Centre d'investigation Clinique-Innovation Technologique CIC-IT 1431, Inserm, CHRU Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France; Neurosciences intégratives et cliniques EA 481, Univ. Franche-Comté, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Magali Nicolier
- Centre d'investigation Clinique-Innovation Technologique CIC-IT 1431, Inserm, CHRU Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France; Neurosciences intégratives et cliniques EA 481, Univ. Franche-Comté, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France; Service de psychiatrie de l'adulte, CHRU Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Julie Giustiniani
- Centre d'investigation Clinique-Innovation Technologique CIC-IT 1431, Inserm, CHRU Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France; Neurosciences intégratives et cliniques EA 481, Univ. Franche-Comté, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France; Service de psychiatrie de l'adulte, CHRU Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Gaelle Brunotte
- Centre d'investigation Clinique-Innovation Technologique CIC-IT 1431, Inserm, CHRU Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Nicolas Noiret
- Centre Mémoire de Ressource et de Recherche de Franche-Comté, CHRU Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France; Laboratoire de psychologie EA 3188, Université de Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Julie Monnin
- Centre d'investigation Clinique-Innovation Technologique CIC-IT 1431, Inserm, CHRU Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France; Neurosciences intégratives et cliniques EA 481, Univ. Franche-Comté, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France; Service de psychiatrie de l'adulte, CHRU Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Eloi Magnin
- Centre Mémoire de Ressource et de Recherche de Franche-Comté, CHRU Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France; Service de neurologie, CHRU Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Lionel Pazart
- Centre d'investigation Clinique-Innovation Technologique CIC-IT 1431, Inserm, CHRU Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France; Neurosciences intégratives et cliniques EA 481, Univ. Franche-Comté, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Thierry Moulin
- Centre d'investigation Clinique-Innovation Technologique CIC-IT 1431, Inserm, CHRU Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France; Neurosciences intégratives et cliniques EA 481, Univ. Franche-Comté, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France; Service de neurologie, CHRU Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Emmanuel Haffen
- Centre d'investigation Clinique-Innovation Technologique CIC-IT 1431, Inserm, CHRU Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France; Neurosciences intégratives et cliniques EA 481, Univ. Franche-Comté, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France; Service de psychiatrie de l'adulte, CHRU Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Pierre Vandel
- Centre d'investigation Clinique-Innovation Technologique CIC-IT 1431, Inserm, CHRU Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France; Neurosciences intégratives et cliniques EA 481, Univ. Franche-Comté, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France; Service de psychiatrie de l'adulte, CHRU Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France; Centre Mémoire de Ressource et de Recherche de Franche-Comté, CHRU Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Damien Gabriel
- Centre d'investigation Clinique-Innovation Technologique CIC-IT 1431, Inserm, CHRU Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France; Neurosciences intégratives et cliniques EA 481, Univ. Franche-Comté, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France.
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