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Ahn M. Lithium alleviates paralysis in experimental autoimmune neuritis in Lewis rats by modulating glycogen synthase kinase-3β activity. J Vet Sci 2024; 25:e69. [PMID: 39363657 PMCID: PMC11450387 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.24212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS)-like neuropathy mimics the leading cause of sporadic acute nontraumatic limb paralysis in individuals from developed countries. Experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN) is an animal model of GBS and of syndromes such as acute canine polyradiculoneuritis, seen in dogs and cats. OBJECTIVE The involvement of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β, a pro-inflammatory molecule, in rat EAN is not fully understood. This study evaluated the potential role of GSK-3β in EAN through its inhibition by lithium. METHODS Lewis rats were injected with SP26 antigen to induce EAN. Lithium was administered from 1 day before immunization to day 14 post-immunization (PI). Then the rats were euthanized and their neural tissues were prepared for histological and Western blotting analyses. RESULTS Lithium, an inhibitor of GSK-3, significantly ameliorated EAN paralysis in rats, when administered from day 1 to day 14 PI. This corresponded with reduced inflammation in the sciatic nerves of EAN rats, where phosphorylation of GSK-3β was also upregulated, indicating suppression of GSK-3. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE These findings suggest that lithium, an inhibitor of GSK-3β, plays a significant role in ameliorating rat EAN paralysis, by suppressing GSK-3β and its related signals in EAN-affected sciatic nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meejung Ahn
- Department of Animal Science, College of Life Science, Sangji University, Wonju 26339, Korea.
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Porcarelli L, Cauduro A, Bianchi E, Pauciulo C, Maurelli C, Corlazzoli D. Early Neurophysiological Abnormalities in Suspected Acute Canine Polyradiculoneuropathy. Vet Sci 2024; 11:178. [PMID: 38668445 PMCID: PMC11054700 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11040178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute canine polyradiculoneuritis (ACP) is a common peripheral neuropathy in dogs, and is generally self-limiting and benign. Electrodiagnostic (EDX) tests are typically performed after 7-10 days. Delaying the definitive diagnosis may hamper the treatment of other causes of acute weakness, which may require specific treatments and may carry different prognoses. This retrospective multicenter study aims to assess whether EDX performed within the first 6 days of clinical signs onset can detect alterations indicative of ACP, and aims to characterize the most prevalent alterations. A total of 71 dogs with suspected ACP were retrospectively analyzed and classified into two groups based on EDX timing: early group (EG, 1-6 days after symptom onset) and late group (LG, 7-15 days after symptom onset). In our study, no significant differences were found between the two groups in motor nerve conduction studies (MNCSs) and F-wave analysis, indicating that EDX is able to demonstrate abnormalities even in the first 6 days from onset. Although the LG showed significantly greater degrees of electromyographic (EMG) alterations compared to the EG, frequent muscle alterations were still observed in the EG group. These findings support the use of EDX in patients with suspected ACP within the first 6 days from the clinical onset. Prompt neurophysiological examinations for suspected ACP patients can be performed effectively and can help allow for early diagnosis and facilitate appropriate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Porcarelli
- Centro Veterinario Gregorio VII, 00165 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (C.M.); (D.C.)
| | | | - Ezio Bianchi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy;
| | - Claudia Pauciulo
- Centro Veterinario Gregorio VII, 00165 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (C.M.); (D.C.)
| | - Chiara Maurelli
- Centro Veterinario Gregorio VII, 00165 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (C.M.); (D.C.)
| | - Daniele Corlazzoli
- Centro Veterinario Gregorio VII, 00165 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (C.M.); (D.C.)
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3
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Van Caenegem N, Arti L, Troupel T, Jeandel A, Vandenberghe H, Mayousse V, Papageorgiou S, Gnirs K, Blot S. Immune-mediated polyneuropathy in cats: Clinical description, electrodiagnostic assessment, and treatment. J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:1088-1099. [PMID: 37139643 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suspected immune-mediated polyneuropathy has been increasingly reported in cats, especially in the last decade, but the condition remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVES Refine the clinical description and review the classification of this condition based on electrodiagnostic investigation and evaluate the benefit of corticosteroid treatment and L-carnitine supplementation. ANIMALS Fifty-five cats presented with signs of muscular weakness and electrodiagnostic findings consistent with polyneuropathy of unknown origin. METHODS Retrospective, multicenter study. Data from the medical records were reviewed. The owners were contacted by phone for follow-up at the time of the study. RESULTS The male-to-female ratio was 2.2. The median age of onset was 10 months, with 91% of affected cats being <3 years of age. Fourteen breeds were represented in the study. The electrodiagnostic findings supported purely motor axonal polyneuropathy. Histological findings from nerve biopsies were consistent with immune-mediated neuropathy in 87% of the tested cats. The overall prognosis for recovery was good to excellent, as all but 1 cat achieved clinical recovery, with 12% having mild sequelae and 28% having multiple episodes during their lifetime. The outcome was similar in cats with no treatment when compared with cats receiving corticosteroids or L-carnitine supplementation. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Immune-mediated motor axonal polyneuropathy should be considered in young cats with muscle weakness. This condition may be similar to acute motor axonal neuropathy in Guillain-Barré syndrome patients. Based on our results, diagnostic criteria have been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Van Caenegem
- Ecole nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort, CHUVA, Unité de Neurologie, Maisons-Alfort, France
- Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, U955 IMRB "Biology of the Neuromuscular System" Team, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Léa Arti
- Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire Advetia, Vélizy-Villacoublay, France
| | - Thibaut Troupel
- Ecole nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort, CHUVA, Unité de Neurologie, Maisons-Alfort, France
- Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, U955 IMRB "Biology of the Neuromuscular System" Team, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | | | | | | | - Stella Papageorgiou
- Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, U955 IMRB "Biology of the Neuromuscular System" Team, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Kirsten Gnirs
- Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, U955 IMRB "Biology of the Neuromuscular System" Team, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Stéphane Blot
- Ecole nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort, CHUVA, Unité de Neurologie, Maisons-Alfort, France
- Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, U955 IMRB "Biology of the Neuromuscular System" Team, Maisons-Alfort, France
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4
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Halstead SK, Jackson M, Bianchi E, Rupp S, Granger N, Menchetti M, Galli G, Freeman P, Kaczmarska A, Bhatti SFM, Brocal J, José‐López R, Tipold A, Gutierrez Quintana R, Ives EJ, Liatis T, Nessler J, Rusbridge C, Willison HJ, Rupp A. Serum anti-GM2 and anti-GalNAc-GD1a ganglioside IgG antibodies are biomarkers for immune-mediated polyneuropathies in cats. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2023; 28:32-40. [PMID: 36573790 PMCID: PMC10946849 DOI: 10.1111/jns.12529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent work identified anti-GM2 and anti-GalNAc-GD1a IgG ganglioside antibodies as biomarkers in dogs clinically diagnosed with acute canine polyradiculoneuritis, in turn considered a canine equivalent of Guillain-Barré syndrome. This study aims to investigate the serum prevalence of similar antibodies in cats clinically diagnosed with immune-mediated polyneuropathies. The sera from 41 cats clinically diagnosed with immune-mediated polyneuropathies (IPN), 9 cats with other neurological or neuromuscular disorders (ONM) and 46 neurologically normal cats (CTRL) were examined for the presence of IgG antibodies against glycolipids GM1, GM2, GD1a, GD1b, GalNAc-GD1a, GA1, SGPG, LM1, galactocerebroside and sulphatide. A total of 29/41 IPN-cats had either anti-GM2 or anti-GalNAc-GD1a IgG antibodies, with 24/29 cats having both. Direct comparison of anti-GM2 (sensitivity: 70.7%; specificity: 78.2%) and anti-GalNAc-GD1a (sensitivity: 70.7%; specificity: 70.9%) antibodies narrowly showed anti-GM2 IgG antibodies to be the better marker for identifying IPN-cats when compared to the combined ONM and CTRL groups (P = .049). Anti-GA1 and/or anti-sulphatide IgG antibodies were ubiquitously present across all sample groups, whereas antibodies against GM1, GD1a, GD1b, SGPG, LM1 and galactocerebroside were overall only rarely observed. Anti-GM2 and anti-GalNAc-GD1a IgG antibodies may serve as serum biomarkers for immune-mediated polyneuropathies in cats, as previously observed in dogs and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan K. Halstead
- Neuroimmunology Laboratories, School of Infection and ImmunityUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Mark Jackson
- School of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowBearsdenUK
| | - Ezio Bianchi
- Department of Veterinary ScienceUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly
| | | | - Nicolas Granger
- Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, Royal Veterinary CollegeUniversity of LondonHatfieldUK
- CVS ReferralsBristol Veterinary SpecialistsBristolUK
| | - Marika Menchetti
- Neurology and Neurosurgery DivisionSan Marco Veterinary Clinic and LaboratoryVeggianoItaly
| | - Greta Galli
- Neurology and Neurosurgery DivisionSan Marco Veterinary Clinic and LaboratoryVeggianoItaly
| | - Paul Freeman
- Queens Veterinary School Hospital, Dept of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Adriana Kaczmarska
- Small Animal Hospital, School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary MedicineUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Sofie F. M. Bhatti
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium
| | | | | | - Andrea Tipold
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Veterinary Medicine FoundationHannoverGermany
| | - Rodrigo Gutierrez Quintana
- Small Animal Hospital, School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary MedicineUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | | | - Theofanis Liatis
- Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, Royal Veterinary CollegeUniversity of LondonHatfieldUK
- Small Animal Hospital, School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary MedicineUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Jasmin Nessler
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Veterinary Medicine FoundationHannoverGermany
| | - Clare Rusbridge
- School of Veterinary MedicineThe University of SurreyGuildfordUK
| | - Hugh J. Willison
- Neuroimmunology Laboratories, School of Infection and ImmunityUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Angie Rupp
- Division of Pathology, Public Health and Disease Investigation, School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary MedicineUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
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5
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Kolb N, Alf V, Cappello R, Matiasek K, Rosati M. Novel association of gluten sensitivity with immune-mediated neuromuscular syndrome in a dog. Neuromuscul Disord 2022; 32:903-907. [PMID: 36418199 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Gluten-related disorders in humans comprise different entities, including coeliac disease. Patients typically have measurable titers of anti-gliadin IgG or IgA (AGAs) and anti-transglutaminase-2 IgA (TG2). In addition to intestinal symptoms, human patients often show various neurological complications. In dogs, the neurological manifestation is rarely reported. Here we describe the muscle and nerve biopsies of an 11-year-old, male Border Terrier presenting with lower motor neuron signs submitted for histological examination. Examination of the biopsies showed an oligofocal lymphohistiocytic and plasmocytic myositis and a diffuse neuropathy of mixed nodo-paranodal and demyelinating type. Suspecting a neuromuscular form of breed-related gluten hypersensitivity, measurements of AGAs and TG2 antibodies were performed. Both titers ranged above control values. Hence, a gluten-related neuromyopathy was diagnosed. A gluten-free diet was prescribed and a complete disappearance of clinical signs was observed. Gluten-related disorders should be considered as a differential diagnosis in dogs with intestinal and neuromuscular signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninja Kolb
- Section of Clinical and Comparative Neuropathology, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Vanessa Alf
- Section of Clinical and Comparative Neuropathology, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Rodolfo Cappello
- North Downs Specialist Referrals, The Brewerstreet Dairy Business Park, Bletchingley, United Kingdom
| | - Kaspar Matiasek
- Section of Clinical and Comparative Neuropathology, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Marco Rosati
- Section of Clinical and Comparative Neuropathology, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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Rossmeisl JH, Tipold A. Editorial: Neuroinflammatory diseases of domestic animals. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1039155. [PMID: 36246332 PMCID: PMC9558227 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1039155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- John H. Rossmeisl
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
- *Correspondence: John H. Rossmeisl
| | - Andrea Tipold
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
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7
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Spinella G, Bettella P, Riccio B, Okonji S. Overview of the Current Literature on the Most Common Neurological Diseases in Dogs with a Particular Focus on Rehabilitation. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9080429. [PMID: 36006344 PMCID: PMC9414583 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9080429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This paper aims to report an overview of the most common neurological diseases (intervertebral disc herniation, degenerative myelopathy, fibrocartilaginous embolism, and polyradiculoneuritis), with a main focus on rehabilitative options and outcomes, reported in recent veterinary literature. Literature seems to be positively oriented on the efficacy of the rehabilitation approach, reporting a careful and prudent choice of the protocol to be applied for the correct recovery of the patient. However, blinded, controlled, prospective studies are still necessary, above all for degenerative myelopathy, fibrocartilaginous embolism, and polyradiculoneuritis. Abstract Intervertebral disc herniation, degenerative myelopathy, fibrocartilaginous embolism and polyradiculoneuritis often affect dogs; and physiotherapy may improve the patient’s quality of life and/or reduce recovery times. The aim of this review was to evaluate the current scientific outcomes on these four neurological diseases and on their physiotherapy approaches. From the analysis of the published articles, it emerged that intervertebral disc herniation can be treated, with different rates of success, through a conservative or a surgical approach followed by physiotherapy. The literature is generally oriented toward the efficacy of the rehabilitation approach in this specific canine disease, often proposing intensive post-surgery physiotherapy for the most severe conditions with the absence of deep pain perception. When degenerative myelopathy, fibrocartilaginous embolism or polyradiculoneuritis occur, the existing literature supports the use of a physiotherapeutic approach: allowing a delay in the onset and worsening of the clinical signs in degenerative myelopathy, physical improvement, and, sometimes, complete remission during fibrocartilaginous embolism or acute idiopathic polyradiculoneuritis. However, papers on rehabilitation in dogs affected by polyradiculoneuritis are currently limited to single clinical cases and further blinded, controlled, prospective studies are still advisable for all four neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Spinella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-051-2097525
| | - Piera Bettella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Riccio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Samuel Okonji
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
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8
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Kolb N, Matiasek K, van Renen J, Fischer A, Zablotski Y, Wieländer F, Nessler J, Tipold A, Cappello R, Flegel T, Loderstedt S, Dietzel J, Gnirs K, Rentmeister K, Rupp S, von Klopmann T, Steffen F, Jurina K, Del Vecchio OV, Deutschland M, König F, Gandini G, Harcourt-Brown T, Kornberg M, Bianchi E, Gagliardo T, Menchetti M, Schenk H, Tabanez J, Rosati M. Biopsy Characteristics, Subtypes, and Prognostic Features in 107 Cases of Feline Presumed Immune-Mediated Polyneuropathy. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:928309. [PMID: 35812863 PMCID: PMC9263917 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.928309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathy (IMPN) is one of the causes of sudden onset of neuromuscular signs such as para-/tetraparesis in young cats. Even though most cases have a favorable outcome, persistent deficits, relapses, and progressive courses are occasionally seen. As clinical presentation does not always appear to predict outcome and risk of recurrence, this study was initiated to screen for prognostic biopsy findings in a large cohort of histologically confirmed IMPN cases with clinical follow-up. In total, nerve and muscle specimens of 107 cats with biopsy diagnosis of presumed autoreactive inflammatory polyneuropathy and 22 control cases were reviewed by two blinded raters for a set of 36 histological parameters. To identify patterns and subtypes of IMPN, hierarchical k-means clustering of 33 histologic variables was performed. Then, the impact of histological parameters on IMPN outcome was evaluated via an univariate analysis to identify variables for the final multivariate model. The data on immediate outcome and follow-up were collected from submitting neurologists using a purpose-designed questionnaire. Hierarchical k-means clustering sorted the tissues into 4 main categories: cluster 1 (44/129) represents a purely inflammatory IMPN picture, whereas cluster 2 (47/129) was accompanied by demyelinating features and cluster 3 (16/129) by Wallerian degeneration. Cluster 4 (22/129) reflects normal tissues from non-neuropathic control cats. Returned questionnaires provided detailed information on outcome in 63 animals. They were categorized into recovered and non-recovered. Thereby, fiber-invasive infiltrates by mononuclear cells and mild fiber loss in intramuscular nerve branches correlated with higher probabilities of recovery. Remyelination in semithin sections, on the other hand, is correlated with a less favorable outcome. Animals grouping in cluster 1 had a tendency to a higher probability of recovery compared to other clusters. In conclusion, diagnosis of feline IMPN from nerve and muscle biopsies allowed for the identification of histologic features that were positively or negatively correlated with outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninja Kolb
- Section of Clinical and Comparative Neuropathology, Institute for Veterinary Pathology, Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany
| | - Kaspar Matiasek
- Clinic for Small Animal Medicine, Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany
| | - Jana van Renen
- Clinic for Small Animal Medicine, Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Fischer
- Clinic for Small Animal Medicine, Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany
| | - Yury Zablotski
- Clinic for Ruminants With Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany
| | - Franziska Wieländer
- Section of Clinical and Comparative Neuropathology, Institute for Veterinary Pathology, Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany
| | - Jasmin Nessler
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Andrea Tipold
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Rodolfo Cappello
- North Downs Specialist Referrals, The Brewerstreet Dairy Business Park, Bletchingley, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Flegel
- Small Animal Department, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | - Kirsten Gnirs
- Section of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Advetia Clinic for Small Animal Medicine, Paris, France
| | - Kai Rentmeister
- Specialty Practice for Veterinary Neurology and Neurosurgery, Dettelbach, Germany
| | | | | | - Frank Steffen
- Neurology Service, Department of Small Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Gualtiero Gandini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Tom Harcourt-Brown
- Langford Veterinary Services, School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ezio Bianchi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Marika Menchetti
- Neurology and Neurosurgery Division, San Marco Veterinary Clinic, Veggiano, Italy
| | | | - Joana Tabanez
- Neurology Section, Fitzpatrick Referrals, Godalming, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Rosati
- Section of Clinical and Comparative Neuropathology, Institute for Veterinary Pathology, Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany
- *Correspondence: Marco Rosati
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9
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Urdiales-Sánchez S, González-Montaña JR, Diaz-Pérez R, Calvo-Calleja P, Gutiérrez-Trueba MA, Urdiales-Urdiales J. Nodopathies in the Early Diagnosis of Axonal Forms of Guillain-Barré Syndrome. Front Neurol 2022; 13:902172. [PMID: 35693020 PMCID: PMC9174782 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.902172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) has been classified into demyelinating and axonal subtypes or forms, such as acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) and regional pharyngeal-cervical-brachial variant (PCBv). Objective To study the relationship between motor nerve conduction blocks (CBs) and prognosis in AMAN and PCBv. Patients and Methods We retrospectively analyzed six cases of AMAN and PCBv with serial nerve conduction studies (NCS) and electromyography (EMG). Results The serial NCS (1st−2nd and 3rd week) showed, as the most constant data, a decreased amplitude of the compound muscle action potential (CMAP) in 100% of cases. CBs were present in 66.6% of cases. EMG (3rd week) showed signs of severe denervation in 33.3%. All patients were treated from the 1st−2nd week of evolution with intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIGs). Patients with CBs (1st−2nd and 3rd week), showed reversible CBs or reversible conduction failure (RCF) and complete recovery at 1 month. Patients without CBs, with persistent reduced distal CMAP amplitude (dCMAP), showed severe acute denervation due to axonal degeneration (3rd week and 1st−3rd month) and a slow recovery of several months. Conclusions Not all axonal forms of GBS have a poor prognosis. This study of AMAN and PCBv shows that patients with CBs can have reversible CBs or RCF, and good prognosis. Patients without CBs, with persistent reduction of dCMAP amplitude decrement, have severe acute denervation, and a worse prognosis. AMAN and PCBv have a continuous spectrum ranging from CBs due to dysfunction/disruption of Nodes of Ranvier, called nodopathies, with reversible CBs or RCF and good prognosis, to axonal degeneration with worse prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Urdiales-Sánchez
- Section of Clinical Neurophysiology, Universitary Hospital of Cabueñes, Gijón, Spain
| | - José-Ramiro González-Montaña
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Anatomy Veterinary, University of León, León, Spain
- *Correspondence: José-Ramiro González-Montaña
| | - Ricardo Diaz-Pérez
- Section of Clinical Neurophysiology, Universitary Hospital of Cabueñes, Gijón, Spain
| | - Pablo Calvo-Calleja
- Section of Clinical Neurophysiology, Universitary Hospital of Cabueñes, Gijón, Spain
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10
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van Renen J, Fischer A, Kolb N, Wielaender F, Zablotski Y, Nessler J, Tipold A, Cappello R, Flegel T, Loderstedt S, Gnirs K, Rentmeister K, Rupp S, von Klopmann T, Steffen F, Jurina K, Del Vecchio OV, Deutschland M, König F, Gandini G, Harcourt-Brown T, Kornberg M, Bianchi E, Gagliardo T, Menchetti M, Schenk H, Tabanez J, Matiasek K, Rosati M. Clinical Course and Diagnostic Findings of Biopsy Controlled Presumed Immune-Mediated Polyneuropathy in 70 European Cats. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:875657. [PMID: 35664840 PMCID: PMC9156799 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.875657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a paucity of information on the clinical course and outcome of young cats with polyneuropathy. The aim of the study was to describe the clinical features, diagnostic investigations, and outcome of a large cohort of cats with inflammatory polyneuropathy from several European countries. Seventy cats with inflammatory infiltrates in intramuscular nerves and/or peripheral nerve biopsies were retrospectively included. Information from medical records and follow up were acquired via questionnaires filled by veterinary neurologists who had submitted muscle and nerve biopsies (2011-2019). Median age at onset was 10 months (range: 4-120 months). The most common breed was British short hair (25.7%), followed by Domestic short hair (24.3%), Bengal cat (11.4%), Maine Coon (8.6%) and Persian cat (5.7%), and 14 other breeds. Male cats were predominantly affected (64.3%). Clinical signs were weakness (98.6%) and tetraparesis (75.7%) in association with decreased withdrawal reflexes (83.6%) and, less commonly, cranial nerve signs (17.1%), spinal pain/hyperesthesia (12.9%), and micturition/defecation problems (14.3%). Onset was sudden (30.1%) or insidious (69.1%), and an initial progressive phase was reported in 74.3%. Characteristic findings on electrodiagnostic examination were presence of generalized spontaneous electric muscle activity (89.6%), decreased motor nerve conduction velocity (52.3%), abnormal F-wave studies (72.4%), pattern of temporal dispersion (26.1%) and unremarkable sensory tests. The clinical course was mainly described as remittent (49.2%) or remittent-relapsing (34.9%), while stagnation, progressive course or waxing and waning were less frequently reported. Relapses were common and occurred in 35.7% of the cats' population. An overall favorable outcome was reported in 79.4% of patients. In conclusion, young age at the time of diagnosis and sudden onset of clinical signs were significantly associated with recovery (p < 0.05). Clinical and electrodiagnostic features and the remittent-relapsing clinical course resembles juvenile chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), as seen in human (children/adolescents), in many aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana van Renen
- Neurology Service, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Fischer
- Neurology Service, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ninja Kolb
- Section of Clinical and Comparative Neuropathology, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Franziska Wielaender
- Neurology Service, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Yury Zablotski
- Clinic for Ruminants With Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jasmin Nessler
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andrea Tipold
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rodolfo Cappello
- North Downs Specialist Referrals, The Brewerstreet Dairy Business Park, Bletchingley, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Flegel
- Small Animal Department, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Kirsten Gnirs
- Section of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Advetia Clinic for Small Animal Medicine, Paris, France
| | - Kai Rentmeister
- Specialty Practice for Veterinary Neurology and Neurosurgery, Dettelbach, Germany
| | | | | | - Frank Steffen
- Neurology Service, Department of Small Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Gualtiero Gandini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Tom Harcourt-Brown
- Langford Veterinary Services, School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Lower Langford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ezio Bianchi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Marika Menchetti
- Neurology and Neurosurgery Division, San Marco Veterinary Clinic, Veggiano, Italy
| | | | - Joana Tabanez
- Neurology Section, Fitzpatrick Referrals, Godalming, United Kingdom
| | - Kaspar Matiasek
- Section of Clinical and Comparative Neuropathology, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Marco Rosati
- Section of Clinical and Comparative Neuropathology, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Skedsmo FS, Espenes A, Tranulis MA. Prion protein in myelin maintenance: what does the goat say? Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:1216-1217. [PMID: 33269783 PMCID: PMC8224112 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.300444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik S Skedsmo
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arild Espenes
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Michael A Tranulis
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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12
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Crawford KC, Dreger DL, Shelton GD, Ekenstedt KJ, Lewis MJ. Juvenile-onset motor polyneuropathy in Siberian cats. J Vet Intern Med 2020; 34:2595-2604. [PMID: 33174656 PMCID: PMC7694826 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyneuropathies are infrequently described in cats. There is a genetic predisposition in several breeds. OBJECTIVE To clinically characterize a novel motor polyneuropathy in a family of Siberian cats. ANIMALS Thirteen closely related Siberian cats, 4 clinically affected and 9 clinically unaffected individuals. METHODS Retrospective study. Clinical data and pedigree information were obtained from the medical records and breeder. Electrodiagnostic testing and muscle and peripheral nerve biopsy samples were obtained from 1 affected cat. Follow-up information was obtained for all affected cats. RESULTS Onset of signs was 4 to 10 months in affected cats. Clinical signs were progressive or waxing/waning neuromuscular weakness (4/4), normal sensory function (4/4), and variably decreased withdrawal reflexes (3/4). All cats returned to normal neurologic function within 1 to 4 weeks. All cats had a recurrence of weakness (3/4 had 1 recurrent episode, 1/4 had 3 relapses) from which they recovered fully. In 1 cat, electromyography and motor nerve conduction studies showed multicentric spontaneous activity, normal motor nerve conduction velocity, reduced compound muscle action potential amplitude, and polyphasia. Histologic evaluation of muscle and nerve in that cat showed mild muscle atrophy consistent with recent denervation, endoneurial and perineurial edema, and mild mononuclear cell infiltration within intramuscular nerve branches and a peripheral nerve. Pedigree analysis suggests an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance, although neither a genetically complex/polygenic condition nor an acquired inflammatory polyneuropathy can be ruled-out. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE We describe a motor polyneuropathy in juvenile Siberian cats characterized by self-limiting weakness with potential relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly C. Crawford
- Department of Veterinary Clinical SciencesCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
- Present address:
VCA Alameda EastDenverColoradoUSA
| | - Dayna L. Dreger
- Department of Basic Medical SciencesCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
- Present address:
National Human Genome Research Institute, Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - G. Diane Shelton
- Department of PathologySchool of Medicine, University of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Kari J. Ekenstedt
- Department of Basic Medical SciencesCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - Melissa J. Lewis
- Department of Veterinary Clinical SciencesCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
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Jahns H, Vernau KM, Nolan CM, O'Neill EJ, Shiel RE, Shelton GD. Polyneuropathy in Young Siberian Huskies Caused by Degenerative and Inflammatory Diseases. Vet Pathol 2020; 57:666-674. [PMID: 32578500 DOI: 10.1177/0300985820934112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Polyneuropathy is defined as the simultaneous dysfunction of several peripheral nerves. In dogs, a number of breeds are predisposed to a variety of immune-mediated and/or degenerative inherited forms of polyneuropathy, with laryngeal paralysis and/or megaesophagus as important clinical features of many of these conditions. This case series describes degenerative and inflammatory polyneuropathies in 7 young Siberian huskies that were categorized based on clinicopathological characteristics as follows: (1) slowly progressive laryngeal paralysis and megaesophagus caused by primary axonal degeneration with large fiber loss (n = 2); (2) slowly progressive polyneuropathy without megaesophagus or laryngeal paralysis caused by primary axonal degeneration with large fiber loss (n = 2); (3) acute inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy causing sensory, motor and autonomic nerve deficits (n = 2); and (4) ganglioradiculitis (sensory neuronopathy; n = 1). Based on the predominantly young age at onset, slow progression, relatedness of affected dogs, and clinical and pathological similarities with inherited neuropathies reported in other dog breeds, a hereditary basis for the degenerative polyneuropathies in Siberian huskies is suspected. However, 5 different mutations in 3 genes known to cause polyneuropathy in other dog breeds (NDRG1, ARHGEF10, or RAB3GAP1) were not detected in the affected Siberian huskies suggesting that more genetic variants remain to be identified. This study highlights the varied underlying lesions of polyneuropathies in young Siberian huskies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Jahns
- 8797University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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14
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Barthélémy I, Hitte C, Tiret L. The Dog Model in the Spotlight: Legacy of a Trustful Cooperation. J Neuromuscul Dis 2020; 6:421-451. [PMID: 31450509 PMCID: PMC6918919 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-190394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dogs have long been used as a biomedical model system and in particular as a preclinical proof of concept for innovative therapies before translation to humans. A recent example of the utility of this animal model is the promising myotubularin gene delivery in boys affected by X-linked centronuclear myopathy after successful systemic, long-term efficient gene therapy in Labrador retrievers. Mostly, this is due to unique features that make dogs an optimal system. The continuous emergence of spontaneous inherited disorders enables the identification of reliable complementary molecular models for human neuromuscular disorders (NMDs). Dogs’ characteristics including size, lifespan and unprecedented medical care level allow a comprehensive longitudinal description of diseases. Moreover, the highly similar pathogenic mechanisms with human patients yield to translational robustness. Finally, interindividual phenotypic heterogeneity between dogs helps identifying modifiers and anticipates precision medicine issues. This review article summarizes the present list of molecularly characterized dog models for NMDs and provides an exhaustive list of the clinical and paraclinical assays that have been developed. This toolbox offers scientists a sensitive and reliable system to thoroughly evaluate neuromuscular function, as well as efficiency and safety of innovative therapies targeting these NMDs. This review also contextualizes the model by highlighting its unique genetic value, shaped by the long-term coevolution of humans and domesticated dogs. Because the dog is one of the most protected research animal models, there is considerable opposition to include it in preclinical projects, posing a threat to the use of this model. We thus discuss ethical issues, emphasizing that unlike many other models, the dog also benefits from its contribution to comparative biomedical research with a drastic reduction in the prevalence of morbid alleles in the breeding stock and an improvement in medical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inès Barthélémy
- U955 - IMRB, Team 10 - Biology of the neuromuscular system, Inserm, UPEC, EFS, École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Christophe Hitte
- CNRS, University of Rennes 1, UMR 6290, IGDR, Faculty of Medicine, SFR Biosit, Rennes, France
| | - Laurent Tiret
- U955 - IMRB, Team 10 - Biology of the neuromuscular system, Inserm, UPEC, EFS, École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
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15
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Rahman N, Kezuka C, Higashiguchi N, Kosaka N, Izawa T, Yamate J, Kuwamura M. Spontaneous peripheral neuritis in two electric eels (Electrophorus electricus). J Vet Med Sci 2019; 81:744-746. [PMID: 30842355 PMCID: PMC6541840 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study represents cases with spontaneous neuritis of peripheral nerves in electric eels. Two electric eels were presented with abnormal swimming behavior and loss of appetite. Electric
eels had extensive histopathologic lesions in the splenic and cardiac nerves. The lesions were characterized by swelling of neuronal cells, central chromatolysis and marked inflammatory cell
infiltration consisting mainly of lymphocytes around the affected nerves. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of spontaneous neuritis of peripheral nerves in electric
eels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Rahman
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Chiho Kezuka
- Kobe Municipal Suma Aqualife Park, Kobe, Hyogo 654-0049, Japan
| | | | - Naoya Kosaka
- Kobe Municipal Suma Aqualife Park, Kobe, Hyogo 654-0049, Japan
| | - Takeshi Izawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Jyoji Yamate
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Kuwamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
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16
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Vandenberghe H, Escriou C, Rosati M, Porcarelli L, Recio Caride A, Añor S, Gandini G, Corlazzoli D, Thibaud JL, Matiasek K, Blot S. Juvenile-onset polyneuropathy in American Staffordshire Terriers. J Vet Intern Med 2018; 32:2003-2012. [PMID: 30315663 PMCID: PMC6271330 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The only hereditary neurologic disorder described so far in American Staffordshire Terriers is adult-onset cerebellar degeneration secondary to ceroid lipofuscinosis. We have seen several dogs with a newly recognized neurological disease characterized by locomotor weakness with or without respiratory signs and juvenile onset consistent with degenerative polyneuropathy of genetic origin. OBJECTIVES To characterize a novel polyneuropathy in juvenile American Staffordshire Terriers. ANIMALS Fourteen American Staffordshire Terriers presented with clinical signs consistent with juvenile-onset polyneuropathy at 5 veterinary hospitals between May 2005 and July 2017. METHODS Case series. Dogs were included retrospectively after a diagnosis of degenerative polyneuropathy had been confirmed by nerve biopsy. Clinical, pathological, electrophysiological, histological data, and outcome were reviewed and a pedigree analysis performed. RESULTS All dogs displayed clinical signs of neuromuscular disease with generalized motor and sensory involvement, associated with focal signs of laryngeal paralysis (10/14 dogs) and megaesophagus (1/14 dogs). Histopathological findings were consistent with degenerative polyneuropathy. Follow-up was available for 11 dogs, and 3 dogs were euthanized shortly after diagnosis. In these 11 dogs, the disease was slowly progressive and the animals maintained good quality of life with ability to walk. Pedigree analysis was mostly consistent with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Juvenile polyneuropathy, associated with laryngeal paralysis, is a newly described entity in American Staffordshire Terriers, and results from degenerative neuropathy. When surgery for laryngeal paralysis is performed, lifespan may be similar to that of normal dogs even though affected dogs have locomotor disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Vandenberghe
- U955-IMRB, Inserm, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Unité de neurologie, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | | | - Marco Rosati
- Section of Clinical and Comparative Neuropathology, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Alfredo Recio Caride
- Patologia General i Medica Facultat de Veterinaria, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia Añor
- Patologia General i Medica Facultat de Veterinaria, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gualtiero Gandini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Clinica medica veterinaria, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Kaspar Matiasek
- Section of Clinical and Comparative Neuropathology, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Stéphane Blot
- U955-IMRB, Inserm, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Unité de neurologie, Maisons-Alfort, France
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17
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Myotonia congenita in a Labrador Retriever with truncated CLCN1. Neuromuscul Disord 2018; 28:597-605. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Kobatake Y, Sakai H, Nishida H, Uematsu Y, Maeda S, Kamishina H. Hypertrophic neuritis causing tetraparesis in a cat. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:1277-1280. [PMID: 29925717 PMCID: PMC6115275 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An 8-year-old castrated male cat presented with acute ataxia and paresis in all four limbs. The cat also exhibited signs of autonomic nervous system impairment. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed swelling of the brachial plexuses bilaterally. Despite treatment, the cat died after 10 days of treatment. A postmortem examination revealed swollen radial nerves and cervical nerve roots in which infiltration of inflammatory cells was histologically confirmed. Additionally, lymphocytic infiltration was found around the blood vessels of the sciatic nerve bundle and the vagus nerve. Histological features were comparable to previously reported brachial plexus hypertrophic neuritis in a cat. Our case was unique in that the autonomic nerves were also involved in addition to the somatic nerves in all four limbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yui Kobatake
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sakai
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Nishida
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | | | - Sadatoshi Maeda
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kamishina
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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19
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A Nonsense Variant in the ACADVL Gene in German Hunting Terriers with Exercise Induced Metabolic Myopathy. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2018; 8:1545-1554. [PMID: 29491033 PMCID: PMC5940147 DOI: 10.1534/g3.118.200084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Several enzymes are involved in fatty acid oxidation, which is a key process in mitochondrial energy production. Inherited defects affecting any step of fatty acid oxidation can result in clinical disease. We present here an extended family of German Hunting Terriers with 10 dogs affected by clinical signs of exercise induced weakness, muscle pain, and suspected rhabdomyolysis. The combination of clinical signs, muscle histopathology and acylcarnitine analysis with an elevated tetradecenoylcarnitine (C14:1) peak suggested a possible diagnosis of acyl-CoA dehydrogenase very long chain deficiency (ACADVLD). Whole genome sequence analysis of one affected dog and 191 controls revealed a nonsense variant in the ACADVL gene encoding acyl-CoA dehydrogenase very long chain, c.1728C>A or p.(Tyr576*). The variant showed perfect association with the phenotype in the 10 affected and more than 500 control dogs of various breeds. Pathogenic variants in the ACADVL gene have been reported in humans with similar myopathic phenotypes. We therefore considered the detected variant to be the most likely candidate causative variant for the observed exercise induced myopathy. To our knowledge, this is the first description of this disease in dogs, which we propose to name exercise induced metabolic myopathy (EIMM), and the identification of the first canine pathogenic ACADVL variant. Our findings provide a large animal model for a known human disease and will enable genetic testing to avoid the unintentional breeding of affected offspring.
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Hanche-Olsen S, Matiasek K, Molín J, Rosati M, Hahn C, Hultin Jäderlund K, Gröndahl G. Acquired equine polyneuropathy of Nordic horses: A conspicuous inclusion body schwannopathy. Neuromuscul Disord 2017; 27:931-941. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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21
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Gross S, Kolb N, Rosati M, Matiasek K. Fix the problem - A practical guide to whole-mount immunohistochemistry of teased nerve fibres. J Neurosci Methods 2017; 289:8-22. [PMID: 28668268 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2017.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunohistochemical staining of entire nerve fibres allows for studying the molecular composition of functional fibre subunits and may add to the diagnostic value of nerve fibre teasing. NEW METHOD In this study, we established a sealed-slide method for reproducible immunostaining of deep axoplasmic proteins in permanently straightened nerve fibres. RESULTS Immunostaining of teased nerve fibres very much is facilitated by tip-fixation with biocompatible glass adhesives. Antibody penetration in fresh nerves can be achieved by thermic and chemical permeabilisation while enzymatic digestion allows for sufficient permeability after aldehyde fixation. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS The methods recommended herein are easy to perform and represent a reliable and reproducible way to whole mount immunostaining. CONCLUSIONS Sealed-slide immunostaining of tip-fixed and permeabilised nerve biopsies will help to validate neurophysiological abnormalities and to screen for target molecules and predictive markers of peripheral nerve disorders such as in inherited neuropathies and Guillain-Barré syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Gross
- Section of Clinical & Comparative Neuropathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Ninja Kolb
- Section of Clinical & Comparative Neuropathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Marco Rosati
- Section of Clinical & Comparative Neuropathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Kaspar Matiasek
- Section of Clinical & Comparative Neuropathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany.
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