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Yan Y, Xu J, Huang W, Fan Y, Li Z, Tian M, Ma J, Lu X, Liang J. Metagenomic and Culturomics Analysis of Microbial Communities within Surface Sediments and the Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in a Pristine River: The Zaqu River in the Lancang River Source Region, China. Microorganisms 2024; 12:911. [PMID: 38792738 PMCID: PMC11124135 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12050911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbial communities inhabiting sedimentary environments in river source regions serve as pivotal indicators of pristine river ecosystems. While the correlation between antibiotic resistome and pathogenicity with core gut bacteria in humans is well established, there exists a significant knowledge gap concerning the interaction of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and human pathogenic bacteria (HPB) with specific microbes in river source basins, often referred to as "terrestrial gut". Understanding the microbial composition, including bacteria and resident genetic elements such as ARGs, HPB, Mobile Genetic Elements (MGEs), and Virulence Factors (VFs), within natural habitats against the backdrop of global change, is imperative. To address this gap, an enrichment-based culturomics complementary along with metagenomics was conducted in this study to characterize the microbial biobank and provide preliminary ecological insights into profiling the dissemination of ARGs in the Lancang River Source Basin. Based on our findings, in the main stream of the Lancang River Source Basin, 674 strains of bacteria, comprising 540 strains under anaerobic conditions and 124 under aerobic conditions, were successfully isolated. Among these, 98 species were identified as known species, while 4 were potential novel species. Of these 98 species, 30 were HPB relevant to human health. Additionally, bacA and bacitracin emerged as the most abundant ARGs and antibiotics in this river, respectively. Furthermore, the risk assessment of ARGs predominantly indicated the lowest risk rank (Rank Ⅳ) in terms of endangering human health. In summary, enrichment-based culturomics proved effective in isolating rare and unknown bacteria, particularly under anaerobic conditions. The emergence of ARGs showed limited correlation with MGEs, indicating minimal threats to human health within the main stream of the Lancang River Source Basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yan
- School of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (Y.Y.); (J.X.); (W.H.); (M.T.); (J.M.)
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Jialiang Xu
- School of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (Y.Y.); (J.X.); (W.H.); (M.T.); (J.M.)
| | - Wenmin Huang
- School of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (Y.Y.); (J.X.); (W.H.); (M.T.); (J.M.)
| | - Yufeng Fan
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (Y.F.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhenpeng Li
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (Y.F.); (Z.L.)
| | - Mingkai Tian
- School of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (Y.Y.); (J.X.); (W.H.); (M.T.); (J.M.)
| | - Jinsheng Ma
- School of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (Y.Y.); (J.X.); (W.H.); (M.T.); (J.M.)
| | - Xin Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (Y.F.); (Z.L.)
| | - Jian Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
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Roy D, Kim J, Lee M, Park J. Adverse impacts of Asian dust events on human health and the environment-A probabilistic risk assessment study on particulate matter-bound metals and bacteria in Seoul, South Korea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 875:162637. [PMID: 36889412 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the impact of Asian dust (AD) on the human health and the environment. Particulate matter (PM) and PM-bound trace elements and bacteria were examined to determine the chemical and biological hazards associated with AD days and compared with non-AD days in Seoul. On AD days, the mean PM10 concentration was ∼3.5 times higher than that on non-AD days. Elements generated from the Earth's crust (Al, Fe, and Ca) and anthropogenic sources (Pb, Ni, and Cd) were identified as major contributors to coarse and fine particles, respectively. During AD days, the study area was recognized as "severe" for pollution index and pollution load index levels, and "moderately to heavily polluted" for geoaccumulation index levels. The potential cancer risk (CR) and non-CR were estimated for the dust generated during AD events. On AD days, total CR levels were significant (in 1.08 × 10-5-2.22 × 10-5), which were associated with PM-bound As, Cd, and Ni. In addition, inhalation CR was found to be similar to the incremental lifetime CR levels estimated using the human respiratory tract mass deposition model. In a short exposure duration (14 days), high PM and bacterial mass deposition, significant non-CR levels, and a high presence of potential respiratory infection-causing pathogens (Rothia mucilaginosa) were observed during AD days. Significant non-CR levels were observed for bacterial exposure, despite insignificant levels of PM10-bound elements. Therefore, the substantial ecological risk, CR, and non-CR levels for inhalation exposure to PM-bound bacteria, and the presence of potential respiratory pathogens, indicate that AD events pose a significant risk to both human lung health and the environment. This study provides the first comprehensive examination of significant non-CR levels for bacteria and carcinogenicity of PM-bound metals during AD events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debananda Roy
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jayun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjoo Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonhong Park
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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Scarpellini R, Giunti M, Pontiero A, Savini F, Esposito E, Piva S. Two cases of bloodstream infections associated with opportunistic bacterial species (Enterococcus hirae and Enterobacter xiangfangensis) in companion animals. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:63. [PMID: 36966282 PMCID: PMC10039583 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03615-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bloodstream infections are a matter of concern in small animal veterinary practice. Few reports are avaiable, especially regarding the role of opportunistic bacteria in becoming infectious. This report aims to add to the current veterinary literature on two opportunistic bacterial species (Enterococcus hirae and Enterobacter xiangfangensis) associated with bloodstream infections in small animals admitted to the Bologna University Veterinary Hospital. CASE PRESENTATION In the first case, a 15-year-old, immunocompromised, cardiopathic dog was admitted to the hospital for anorexia and diarrhea. The patient had a history of previous surgery and hospitalization. After three days, hyperthermia, leukopenia and hyperlactatemia were recorded, and blood culture revealed positivity for Enterococcus hirae, identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The patient's general conditions progressively worsened, and the patient was euthanized. In the second case, a 2-year-old cat with chronic ocular herpesvirus infection and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was admitted to the hospital for anorexia and hyperthermia. The cat was hospitalized one week before and received antimicrobial treatment for urinary tract infection by Staphylococcus felis. Hypokalemia and lymphopenia were also diagnosed. The patient progressively improved and was discharged after three days. On the same day, blood culture taken at admission revealed positivity for Enterobacter xiangfangensis, identified using MALDI-TOF MS. After five days, the patient returned with neurological symptoms, hypothermia and bradycardia, and was euthanized. CONCLUSIONS In small animal veterinary practice, the impact of opportunistic bacterial agents (such as E.hirae and E.xiangfangensis) on bloodstream infections remains unclear. As in human medicine, they can be contracted in every healthcare setting and considered hospital-acquired infections. In this report, we highlighted the threat they pose especially in patients with multiple risk factors. Rapid and accurate diagnostic tools (such as MALDI-TOF MS) could be particularly important for reducing the severity of the infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Scarpellini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Bologna, 40064, Italy.
| | - Massimo Giunti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Bologna, 40064, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pontiero
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Bologna, 40064, Italy
| | - Federica Savini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Bologna, 40064, Italy
| | - Erika Esposito
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Bologna, 40064, Italy
| | - Silvia Piva
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Bologna, 40064, Italy
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Bosch J, Bezuidenhout C, Coertze R, Molale-Tom L. Metal- and antibiotic-resistant heterotrophic plate count bacteria from a gold mine impacted river: the Mooi River system, South Africa. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:31605-31619. [PMID: 36449242 PMCID: PMC9995416 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24015-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
The Wonderfonteinspruit, South Africa, is highly impacted by a century of gold mining activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the physico-chemical properties of the Wonderfonteinspruit and the receiving Mooi River system, the levels of antimicrobial (metals and antibiotics) resistance characteristics and heterotrophic bacteria levels in these water systems. Various physico-chemical parameters were determined. R2A agar and R2A agar supplemented with antimicrobials were used to enumerate heterotrophic bacteria. Morphologically distinct antimicrobial-resistant isolates were purified and screened for antibiotic susceptibility by a disc diffusion method. Selected isolates were identified, and minimum inhibitory concentration ranges determined. Among the antimicrobial resistant isolates, 87% were resistant to at least one antibiotic. Of these, almost 50% were resistant to more than 3 antibiotic classes. A large proportion was resistant to all 7 antibiotics tested. Phyla detected were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteriodetes. High MIC levels for metals and antibiotics were detected among all the genera. Results demonstrate potential impacts of physico-chemical properties on levels of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. Metal-resistant bacteria were also resistant to multiple antibiotics, suggesting that metal pollution from mining may be responsible for co-selection and maintenance of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in this aquatic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janita Bosch
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, Microbiology, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Carlos Bezuidenhout
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, Microbiology, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Roelof Coertze
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, Microbiology, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Lesego Molale-Tom
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, Microbiology, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.
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Chang CY, Jayabalan M, Gan YL, Radhakrishnan AP, Ong ELC. Enterococcus hirae bacteremia associated with perinephric collection and renal abscesses in a diabetic woman. Oxf Med Case Reports 2022; 2022:omac101. [PMID: 36176951 PMCID: PMC9514112 DOI: 10.1093/omcr/omac101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Enterococcus hirae infection accounts for about 1% of all enterococcal infections. This number is likely to be underestimated because of inadequate identification. Human infection due to E. hirae is rarely reported. We present the case of a young woman with diabetes mellitus who developed symptoms of pyelonephritis and diabetic ketoacidosis. Renal computed tomography scan revealed the presence of subcapsular perinephric collection and renal abscesses. Her blood culture yielded E. hirae. Our patient was successfully treated with antimicrobials based on the susceptibility result. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of perinephric collection and renal abscesses associated with E. hirae bacteremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee Yik Chang
- Hospital Selayang Medical Department, , Batu Caves, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Yi Lung Gan
- Hospital Selayang Medical Department, , Batu Caves, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Edmund L C Ong
- University of Newcastle Medical School , Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Zaidi SEZ, Zaheer R, Barbieri R, Cook SR, Hannon SJ, Booker CW, Church D, Van Domselaar G, Zovoilis A, McAllister TA. Genomic Characterization of Enterococcus hirae From Beef Cattle Feedlots and Associated Environmental Continuum. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:859990. [PMID: 35832805 PMCID: PMC9271880 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.859990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococci are commensal bacteria of the gastrointestinal tract of humans, animals, and insects. They are also found in soil, water, and plant ecosystems. The presence of enterococci in human, animal, and environmental settings makes these bacteria ideal candidates to study antimicrobial resistance in the One-Health continuum. This study focused on Enterococcus hirae isolates (n = 4,601) predominantly isolated from beef production systems including bovine feces (n = 4,117, 89.5%), catch-basin water (n = 306, 66.5%), stockpiled bovine manure (n = 24, 0.5%), and natural water sources near feedlots (n = 145, 32%), and a few isolates from urban wastewater (n = 9, 0.2%) denoted as human-associated environmental samples. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiling of a subset (n = 1,319) of E. hirae isolates originating from beef production systems (n = 1,308) showed high resistance to tetracycline (65%) and erythromycin (57%) with 50.4% isolates harboring multi-drug resistance, whereas urban wastewater isolates (n = 9) were resistant to nitrofurantoin (44.5%) and tigecycline (44.5%) followed by linezolid (33.3%). Genes for tetracycline (tetL, M, S/M, and O/32/O) and macrolide resistance erm(B) were frequently found in beef production isolates. Antimicrobial resistance profiles of E. hirae isolates recovered from different environmental settings appeared to reflect the kind of antimicrobial usage in beef and human sectors. Comparative genomic analysis of E. hirae isolates showed an open pan-genome that consisted of 1,427 core genes, 358 soft core genes, 1701 shell genes, and 7,969 cloud genes. Across species comparative genomic analysis conducted on E. hirae, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium genomes revealed that E. hirae had unique genes associated with vitamin production, cellulose, and pectin degradation, traits which may support its adaptation to the bovine digestive tract. E. faecium and E. faecalis more frequently harbored virulence genes associated with biofilm formation, iron transport, and cell adhesion, suggesting niche specificity within these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sani-e-Zehra Zaidi
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
- University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Rahat Zaheer
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Ruth Barbieri
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Shaun R. Cook
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | | | | | - Deirdre Church
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Calgary Laboratory Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Gary Van Domselaar
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - Tim A. McAllister
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Tim A. McAllister,
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Bocatti CR, Ferreira E, Ribeiro RA, de Oliveira Chueire LM, Delamuta JRM, Kobayashi RKT, Hungria M, Nogueira MA. Microbiological quality analysis of inoculants based on Bradyrhizobium spp. and Azospirillum brasilense produced "on farm" reveals high contamination with non-target microorganisms. Braz J Microbiol 2022; 53:267-280. [PMID: 34984661 PMCID: PMC8882540 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00649-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of inoculants carrying diazotrophic and other plant growth-promoting bacteria plays an essential role in the Brazilian agriculture, with a growing use of microorganism-based bioproducts. However, in the last few years, some farmers have multiplied microorganisms in the farm, known as "on farm" production, including inoculants of Bradyrhizobium spp. for soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill.) and Azospirillum brasilense for corn (Zea mays L.) or co-inoculation in soybean. The objective was to assess the microbiological quality of such inoculants concerning the target microorganisms and contaminants. In the laboratory, 18 samples taken in five states were serial diluted and spread on culture media for obtaining pure and morphologically distinct colonies of bacteria, totaling 85 isolates. Molecular analysis based on partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene revealed 25 genera of which 44% harbor species potentially pathogenic to humans; only one of the isolates was identified as Azospirillum brasilense, whereas no isolate was identified as Bradyrhizobium. Among 34 isolates belonging to genera harboring species potentially pathogenic to humans, 12 had no resistance to antibiotics, six presented intrinsic resistance, and 18 presented non-intrinsic resistance to at least one antibiotic. One of the samples analyzed with a shotgun-based metagenomics approach to check for the microbial diversity showed several genera of microorganisms, mainly Acetobacter (~ 32% of sequences) but not the target microorganism. The samples of inoculants produced on farm were highly contaminated with non-target microorganisms, some of them carrying multiple resistances to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Rafaeli Bocatti
- Department of Microbiology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, C. Postal 10.011, Londrina, PR, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Eduara Ferreira
- Embrapa Soja, C. Postal 4006, Londrina, PR, 86081-981, Brazil
| | - Renan Augusto Ribeiro
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Brasília, DF, Brazil
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Saingam P, Di DYW, Yan T. Diversity and health risk potentials of the Enterococcus population in tropical coastal water impacted by Hurricane Lane. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2021; 19:990-1001. [PMID: 34874905 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2021.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hurricane-caused stormwater runoffs transport diverse terrestrial pollutants, adversely impact microbiological water quality, and introduce fecal and other pathogens to coastal water environments. This study investigated the genotypic diversity, phylogenetic composition, antibiotic resistance patterns, and virulence gene repertoire of the Enterococcus population in the Hilo Bay coastal water after the immediate impact of Hurricane Lane. DNA fingerprinting of Enterococcus isolates exhibited large genotypic diversity, while 16S rRNA gene sequencing identified four major species, including E. faecalis (34.7%), E. faecium (22.4%), E. hirae (22.4%), and E. durans (18.4%). Four common enterococcal virulence genes (cylA, esp, asa1, and gelE) were detected in the Enterococcus population, with significant portions of E. durans (33.3%), E. faecalis (41.2%), E. faecium (36.4%), and E. hirae (27.3%) isolates possessing two or more virulence genes. Considerable antibiotic resistance to rifampin, erythromycin, tetracycline, and nitrofurantoin was detected in the Enterococcus population, with one E. durans isolate showing vancomycin resistance. The results indicate considerable health implications associated with Enterococcus spp. in the hurricane-impacted tropical coastal water, illustrating the needs for more comprehensive understanding of the microbiological risks associated with storm-impacted coastal water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakit Saingam
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA E-mail:
| | - Doris Y W Di
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA E-mail:
| | - Tao Yan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA E-mail:
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Sun Q, Liu Y, Zhang J, Li Y. AQU-019 exhibits protective effect on bacterial infection induced gastroenteritis in rat model. Microb Pathog 2021; 162:105287. [PMID: 34793879 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Gastroenteritis is a commonly diagnosed disease which sometimes may lead to hospitalization of the patients due to complications such as sepsis and dehydration. In the present study protective effect of AQU-019 against Salmonella enterica (S.enterica) induced gastroenteritis in rat model was investigated. Treatment of S.enterica infected rats with AQU-019 prevented intestinal tissue damage effectively in dose-dependent manner. The characteristic pathological features induced by S.enterica infection in rat intestines included, edema development, submucosal infiltration of leukocytes and cell necrosis. AQU-019 treatment at 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg doses led to a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in MPO activity in the intestinal tissues of S.enterica infected rats. AQU-019 treatment effectively reversed S.enterica infection mediated reduction in ZO-1 and occludin expression in rat intestines. Urine volume of the AQU-019 treated rats increased significantly (p < 0.05) from day 2 to day 7 compared to the S.enterica infected group. Urine pH didn't showed any change in S.enterica infected rats on treatment with AQU-019 on day 1 to day 7. The bacterial numbers showed a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in S.enterica infected rat feces, urinary bladder and urethra on treatment with AQU-019. In summary, AQU-019 prevents intestinal epithelial damage and inhibits infiltration of neutrophils in S.enterica infected rats. Tight junction related protein expression was also regulated in S.enterica infected rats by AQU-019 treatment. Therefore, AQU-019 may be developed as a potent candidate for treatment of bacterial infection induced gastroenteritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Sun
- Department of Ward Retired Officers Three, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, 063000, China
| | - Yuhua Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550000, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550001, China
| | - Yuanfei Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, 200240, China.
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Nakamura T, Ishikawa K, Matsuo T, Kawai F, Uehara Y, Mori N. Enterococcus hirae bacteremia associated with acute pyelonephritis in a patient with alcoholic cirrhosis: a case report and literature review. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:999. [PMID: 34556047 PMCID: PMC8461981 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06707-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infections caused by Enterococcus hirae are common in animals, with instances of transmission to humans being rare. Further, few cases have been reported in humans because of the difficulty in identifying the bacteria. Herein, we report a case of pyelonephritis caused by E. hirae bacteremia and conduct a literature review on E. hirae bacteremia. CASE PRESENTATION A 57-year-old male patient with alcoholic cirrhosis and neurogenic bladder presented with fever and chills that had persisted for 3 days. Physical examination revealed tenderness of the right costovertebral angle. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) of the patient's blood and urine samples revealed the presence of E. hirae, and pyelonephritis was diagnosed. The patient was treated successfully with intravenous ampicillin followed by oral linezolid for a total of three weeks. CONCLUSION The literature review we conducted revealed that E. hirae bacteremia is frequently reported in urinary tract infections, biliary tract infections, and infective endocarditis and is more likely to occur in patients with diabetes, liver cirrhosis, and chronic kidney disease. However, mortality is not common because of the high antimicrobial susceptibility of E. hirae. With the advancements in MALDI-TOF MS, the number of reports of E. hirae infections has also increased, and clinicians need to consider E. hirae as a possible causative pathogen of urinary tract infections in patients with known risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Nakamura
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Luke's International Hospital, 9-1, Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Ishikawa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Luke's International Hospital, 9-1, Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Matsuo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Luke's International Hospital, 9-1, Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fujimi Kawai
- St. Luke's International University Library, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Uehara
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Luke's International Hospital, 9-1, Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of General Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Mori
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Luke's International Hospital, 9-1, Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Hoorzook KB, Pieterse A, Heine L, Barnard TG, van Rensburg NJ. Soul of the Jukskei River: The Extent of Bacterial Contamination in the Jukskei River in Gauteng Province, South Africa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:8537. [PMID: 34444286 PMCID: PMC8392637 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
River water quality is an important health issue as the water is utilised for drinking, domestic and agricultural use in developing countries. This study aimed to investigate the effect water from a major city has on the water quality of the Jukskei River that daylights in Johannesburg, South Africa. The river water samples were analysed for physio-chemical properties, microbiology, antibiotic resistance of bacterial isolates, genetic markers, and potentially toxic metals. Data analysis revealed increased electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, and turbidity since 2010. Total Coliform and Escherichia coli detected were above the South African water quality guidelines for domestic, recreational, and irrigation purposes. Additionally, sodium, zinc, nickel, lithium, and lead exceeded the guidelines in domestic, recreational, and irrigation water. Pathogenic strains of E. coli (aEPEC, EHEC, EIEC, and EAEC) were isolated from the water. Various other potentially pathogenic organisms that have been implicated as causes of gastro-intestinal, and a wide range of other diseases, were also detected and demonstrated multiple levels of resistance to antibiotics tested. The results show that the river water is a potential health threat to downstream users. These results will feed into the environmental management action plan for Water for the Future (NGO group).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kousar Banu Hoorzook
- Process Energy Environment Technology Station (PEETS), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa;
- Water and Health Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa; (A.P.); (L.H.); (T.G.B.)
| | - Anton Pieterse
- Water and Health Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa; (A.P.); (L.H.); (T.G.B.)
| | - Lee Heine
- Water and Health Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa; (A.P.); (L.H.); (T.G.B.)
| | - Tobias George Barnard
- Water and Health Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa; (A.P.); (L.H.); (T.G.B.)
| | - Nickey Janse van Rensburg
- Process Energy Environment Technology Station (PEETS), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa;
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12
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Mazzantini D, Calvigioni M, Celandroni F, Lupetti A, Ghelardi E. Spotlight on the Compositional Quality of Probiotic Formulations Marketed Worldwide. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:693973. [PMID: 34354690 PMCID: PMC8329331 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.693973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
On the worldwide market, a great number of probiotic formulations are available to consumers as drugs, dietary supplements, and functional foods. For exerting their beneficial effects on host health, these preparations should contain a sufficient amount of the indicated living microbes and be pathogen-free to be safe. Therefore, the contained microbial species and their amount until product expiry are required to be accurately reported on the labels. While commercial formulations licensed as drugs are subjected to rigorous quality controls, less stringent regulations are generally applied to preparations categorized as dietary supplements and functional foods. Many reports indicated that the content of several probiotic formulations does not always correspond to the label claims in terms of microbial identification, number of living organisms, and purity, highlighting the requirement for more stringent quality controls by manufacturers. The main focus of this review is to provide an in-depth overview of the microbiological quality of probiotic formulations commercialized worldwide. Many incongruences in the compositional quality of some probiotic formulations available on the worldwide market were highlighted. Even if manufacturers carry at least some of the responsibility for these inconsistencies, studies that analyze probiotic products should be conducted following recommended and up-to-date methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diletta Mazzantini
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Calvigioni
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Celandroni
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonella Lupetti
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Emilia Ghelardi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Research Center Nutraceuticals and Food for Health-Nutrafood, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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13
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Yeong EK, Sheng WH, Hsueh PR, Hsieh SM, Huang HF, Ko AT, Tai HC, Lai HS, Chang SC. The Wound Microbiology and the Outcomes of the Systemic Antibiotic Prophylaxis in a Mass Burn Casualty Incident. J Burn Care Res 2021; 41:95-103. [PMID: 31999335 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irz077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the wound microbiology and outcome of using systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) in mass burn casualties (MBC). The charts of 31 patients (mean age: 21 years, mean burn area: 42% of the total body surface area) injured in a dust explosion were reviewed for 1 month after the burn. Polymicrobial and rare pathogen wound infections (Acinetobacter junii, Aeromonas sobri, et al) were common in MBC due to sterility breech. Following the use of SAP for 2 to 14 days after admission, there was a reduction in wound infection rate from 45% at week 1 postburn to 10% at week 4. In addition, no blood stream infection occurred in the first week after the burns. Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Candida albicans were the top three wound pathogens cultured. Multidrug-resistant microorganism infections were found in 39% of the patients, and the odds ratios for the these infections in burn patients with more than ≥40% total body surface area and in patients receiving two or more classes of antibiotics were 41.7 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.1-810.7, P = .01) and 9.9 (95% CI= 1.0-92.7, P = .04), respectively. Although SAP did not prevent wound or blood stream infections, no mortality occurred in our patients. A randomized controlled study is needed to investigate the impact of SAP on burn mortality in MBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eng-Kean Yeong
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Douliu, Taiwan
| | - Wang-Huei Sheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ren Hsueh
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Min Hsieh
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Fu Huang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - An-Ta Ko
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Chih Tai
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Shiee Lai
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Chwen Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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14
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Mbanga J, Amoako DG, Abia ALK, Allam M, Ismail A, Essack SY. Genomic Analysis of Enterococcus spp. Isolated From a Wastewater Treatment Plant and Its Associated Waters in Umgungundlovu District, South Africa. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:648454. [PMID: 34194401 PMCID: PMC8236953 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.648454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the antibiotic resistome, mobilome, virulome, and phylogenomic lineages of Enterococcus spp. obtained from a wastewater treatment plant and its associated waters using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and bioinformatics tools. The whole genomes of Enterococcus isolates including Enterococcus faecalis (n = 4), Enterococcus faecium (n = 5), Enterococcus hirae (n = 2), and Enterococcus durans (n = 1) with similar resistance patterns from different sampling sites and time points were sequenced on an Illumina MiSeq machine. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis revealed two E. faecalis isolates that had a common sequence type ST179; the rest had unique sequence types ST841, and ST300. The E. faecium genomes belonged to 3 sequence types, ST94 (n = 2), ST361 (n = 2), and ST1096 (n = 1). Detected resistance genes included those encoding tetracycline [tet(S), tet(M), and tet(L)], and macrolides [msr(C), msr(D), erm(B), and mef(A)] resistance. Antibiotic resistance genes were associated with insertion sequences (IS6, ISL3, and IS982), and transposons (Tn3 and Tn6000). The tet(M) resistance gene was consistently found associated with a conjugative transposon protein (TcpC). A total of 20 different virulence genes were identified in E. faecalis and E. faecium including those encoding for sex pheromones (cCF10, cOB1, cad, and came), adhesion (ace, SrtA, ebpA, ebpC, and efaAfs), and cell invasion (hylA and hylB). Several virulence genes were associated with the insertion sequence IS256. No virulence genes were detected in E. hirae and E. durans. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all Enterococcus spp. isolates were more closely related to animal and environmental isolates than clinical isolates. Enterococcus spp. with a diverse range of resistance and virulence genes as well as associated mobile genetic elements (MGEs) exist in the wastewater environment in South Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Mbanga
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Applied Biology and Biochemistry, National University of Science and Technology, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
| | - Daniel G. Amoako
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Akebe L. K. Abia
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Mushal Allam
- Sequencing Core Facility, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Arshad Ismail
- Sequencing Core Facility, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sabiha Y. Essack
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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15
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Fully integrated optofluidic SERS platform for real-time and continuous characterization of airborne microorganisms. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 169:112611. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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16
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Moreno B, Bolea R, Andrés-Lasheras S, Sevilla E, Samper S, Morales M, Vargas A, Chirino-Trejo M, Badiola JJ. Antimicrobial Susceptibilities and Phylogenetic Analyses of Enterococcus hirae Isolated from Broilers with Valvular Endocarditis. Avian Dis 2020; 63:318-324. [PMID: 31251533 DOI: 10.1637/11986-102418-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Enterococcus hirae is a zoonotic Enterococcus species that causes opportunistic infections in both humans and animals and can be transmitted by contact with animals or through contaminated food. The aim of this study was to investigate the importance of E. hirae in broilers with endocarditis, as well as the antimicrobial resistance patterns and genetic relatedness of the isolates. A total of 477 three- to five-week-old broilers were studied during five fattening periods on a farm with mortality due to endocarditis. Endocarditis was observed in 27 chickens (5.66%), and samples were taken for pathological, microbiological, and molecular studies. Lesions were mainly found in the right atrioventricular valve and corresponded with a fibrinous endocarditis. Enterococcus hirae was identified in all cases. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis results showed clonality among some isolates, with one pulsotype harboring 11 isolates that were found throughout the study. Most of the isolates showed multi-drug-resistant phenotypes. These results confirm that E. hirae is a significant cause of endocarditis in broilers, and suggest that broilers may be important carriers of antimicrobial-resistant E. hirae that might enter into the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardino Moreno
- Centro de Investigación en Encefalopatías y Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes (CIEETE), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain, .,Unidad de Microbiología e Inmunología, Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain, .,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain,
| | - Rosa Bolea
- Centro de Investigación en Encefalopatías y Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes (CIEETE), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain.,Unidad de Microbiología e Inmunología, Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sara Andrés-Lasheras
- Unidad de Microbiología e Inmunología, Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Eloisa Sevilla
- Unidad de Microbiología e Inmunología, Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sofía Samper
- Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Mariano Morales
- Unidad de Microbiología e Inmunología, Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Antonia Vargas
- Centro de Investigación en Encefalopatías y Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes (CIEETE), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Manuel Chirino-Trejo
- Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchetwan, Canada
| | - Juan José Badiola
- Centro de Investigación en Encefalopatías y Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes (CIEETE), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
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17
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Surveillance of Enterococcus spp. reveals distinct species and antimicrobial resistance diversity across a One-Health continuum. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3937. [PMID: 32127598 PMCID: PMC7054549 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61002-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
For a One-Health investigation of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Enterococcus spp., isolates from humans and beef cattle along with abattoirs, manured fields, natural streams, and wastewater from both urban and cattle feedlot sources were collected over two years. Species identification of Enterococcus revealed distinct associations across the continuum. Of the 8430 isolates collected, Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis were the main species in urban wastewater (90%) and clinical human isolates (99%); Enterococcus hirae predominated in cattle (92%) and feedlot catch-basins (60%), whereas natural streams harbored environmental Enterococcus spp. Whole-genome sequencing of E. faecalis (n = 366 isolates) and E. faecium (n = 342 isolates), revealed source clustering of isolates, indicative of distinct adaptation to their respective environments. Phenotypic resistance to tetracyclines and macrolides encoded by tet(M) and erm(B) respectively, was prevalent among Enterococcus spp. regardless of source. For E. faecium from cattle, resistance to β-lactams and quinolones was observed among 3% and 8% of isolates respectively, compared to 76% and 70% of human clinical isolates. Clinical vancomycin-resistant E. faecium exhibited high rates of multi-drug resistance, with resistance to all β-lactam, macrolides, and quinolones tested. Differences in the AMR profiles among isolates reflected antimicrobial use practices in each sector of the One-Health continuum.
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18
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Brayer S, Linn A, Holt S, Ellery K, Mitchell S, Williams J. Enterococcus hirae Bacteremia in an Infant: Case Report and Review of the Literature. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2019; 8:571-573. [PMID: 31209486 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piz028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Enterococcus hirae is a gram-positive coccus that is rarely implicated in human disease and has not been reported in pediatric patients. We report a case of catheter-associated bloodstream infection and prolonged bacteremia in a 7-month-old infant dependent on total parenteral nutrition. The species was identified by the VITEK2 system and confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. The organisms was susceptible to ampicillin, vancomycin, and high-level gentamicin. The patient was treated with vancomycin and gentamicin with adjunctive vancomycin lock therapy but had persistent bacteremia. Therapy was changed to dual β-lactam therapy of ampicillin and ceftriaxone with synergistic gentamicin, which led to clearance of the enterococcal bacteremia. E hirae is an unusual species that may be difficult for the microbiology laboratory to identify. This is the first pediatric case and the second case of invasive E hirae in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Brayer
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania
| | - Alexandra Linn
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania
| | - Stephanie Holt
- Departments of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania.,Departments of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania
| | - Kate Ellery
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania
| | - Stephanie Mitchell
- Departments of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - John Williams
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania
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19
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Merlo J, Bustamante G, Llibre JM. Bacteremic pneumonia caused by Enterococcus hirae in a subject receiving regorafenib. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2019; 38:226-229. [PMID: 31492453 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Infections due to Enterococcus hirae have rarely been reported in humans but are not uncommon in mammals and birds. We describe a case of E. hirae bacteremia and pneumonia in a bird breeder and its potential relationship with regorafenib, a tirosin kinase inhibitor (TKI). METHODS Descriptive study and review of the literature through a PubMed search of the cases described previously to date. RESULTS Only seventeen cases have been described, mainly endocarditis, pyelonephritis, and intraabdominal infections. No cases of pneumonia have been reported so far. The recent increase in TKI use opens a new field to explore in infectious diseases due to both the exposure to these immunosuppressive drugs and the increased survival of subjects with severe underlying comorbidities. CONCLUSION In patients in contact with birds, immunosuppressed by their underlying morbidities and treated with regorafenib, clinicians should be aware of an increased risk of unusual potentially severe infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Merlo
- Infectious Diseases Dept, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Gloria Bustamante
- Infectious Diseases Dept, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep M Llibre
- Infectious Diseases Dept, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
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20
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Das Purkayastha S, Bhattacharya MK, Prasad HK, Upadhyaya H, Lala SD, Pal K, Das M, Sharma GD, Bhattacharjee MJ. Contrasting diversity of vaginal lactobacilli among the females of Northeast India. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:198. [PMID: 31455211 PMCID: PMC6712660 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1568-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactobacilli are gatekeepers of vaginal ecosystem impeding growth of pathogenic microbes and their diversity varies across populations worldwide. The present study investigated diversity of human vaginal microbiota among females of Northeast India, who are distinct in dietary habits, lifestyle, and genomic composition from rest of India. RESULTS Altogether, 154 bacterial isolates were obtained from vaginal swab samples of 40 pregnant and 29 non-pregnant females. The samples were sequenced for 16 s rRNA gene and analysed for identification using a dual approach of homology search and maximum likelihood based clustering. Molecular identification based on 16S rRNA gene sequence confirmed the isolates belonging to 31 species. Lactobacilli constituted 37.7% of the bacterial isolates with 10 species and other Lactic Acid Bacteria (39.61%) represented another 10 species, some of which are opportunistic pathogens. The remaining of the communities are mostly dominated by species of Staphylococcus (14.28%) and rarely by Propionibacterium avidum (3.90%), Bacillus subtilis, Escherchia coli, Janthinobacterium lividum, and Kocuria kristinae (each 0.64%). Interestingly Lactobacillus mucosae and Enterococcus faecalis, which are globally uncommon vaginal microbes is found dominant among women of Northeast India. This tentatively reflects adaptability of particular Lactobacillus species, in distinct population, to better compete for receptors and nutrients in vaginal epithelium than other species. Further, intrageneric 16S rRNA gene exchange was observed among Enterococcus, Staphylococcus, and two species of Lactobacillus, and deep intraspecies divergence among L. mucosae, which pinpointed possibility of emergence of new strains with evolved functionality. Lactobacilli percentage decreased from young pregnant to aged non-pregnant women with maximum colonization in trimester II. CONCLUSION The study highlighted importance of assessment of vaginal microbiota, Lactobacillus in particular, across different population to gain more insight on female health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumi Das Purkayastha
- Karimganj College, Karimganj, Assam, India.,Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | | | | | | | - Suparna Das Lala
- Department of Gynaecology, Hospital of Red Cross Society, Karimganj, Assam, India
| | - Kunal Pal
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, NIT Rourkela, Rourkela, Orissa, India
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21
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Vallejo M, Parada RB, Marguet ER. [Isolation of enterocin-producing Enterococcus hirae strains from the intestinal content of the Patagonian mussel (Mytilus edulis platensis)]. Rev Argent Microbiol 2019; 52:136-144. [PMID: 31320255 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Two bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacterial strains were isolated from the intestinal content of the Patagonian mussel and characterized by phenotypic and molecular tests. The isolates were identified as Enterococcus hirae and named E. hirae 463Me and 471Me. The presence of the enterocin P gene was identified in both strains by PCR techniques, while enterocin hiracin JM79 was detected only in the 471Me strain. Both strains were sensitive to clinically important antibiotics and among the virulence traits investigated by PCR amplification, only cylLl and cylLs could be detected; however, no hemolytic activity was observed in the blood agar test. Cell free supernatants were active against all Listeria and Enterococcus strains tested, Lactobacillus plantarum TwLb 5 and Vibrio anguilarum V10. Under optimal growth conditions, both strains displayed inhibitory activity against Listeria innocua ATCC 33090 after 2h of incubation. E. hirae 471Me achieved a maximum activity of 163840AU/ml after 6h of incubation, while the same value was recorded for E. hirae 463Me after 8h. In both cases, the antagonist activity reached its maximum before the growth achieved the stationary phase and remained stable up to 24h of incubation. To our knowledge, this is first report of the isolation of bacteriocinogenic E. hirae strains from the Patagonian mussel. The high inhibitory activity and the absence of virulence traits indicate that they could be applied in different biotechnological areas such as food biopreservation or probiotic formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisol Vallejo
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Bacteriana, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Trelew, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Romina B Parada
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Bacteriana, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Trelew, Chubut, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), República Argentina
| | - Emilio R Marguet
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Bacteriana, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Trelew, Chubut, Argentina.
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22
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Chang CJ, Lin TL, Tsai YL, Wu TR, Lai WF, Lu CC, Lai HC. Next generation probiotics in disease amelioration. J Food Drug Anal 2019; 27:615-622. [PMID: 31324278 PMCID: PMC9307044 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies on the role of gut commensal bacteria in health development have rapidly attracted much more attention beyond the classical pathogens over the last decade. Many important reports have highlighted the changes in the gut microbiota (dysbiosis) are closely related to development of intra- and extra-intestinal, chronic inflammation related diseases such as colitis, obesity/metabolic syndromes, diabetes mellitus, liver diseases, cardiovascular diseases and also cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. To circumvent these difficulties, the strategy of modulating the structure of the gut microbiota has been under intensive study and shed more light on amelioration of these inflammation related diseases. While traditional probiotics generally show marginal ameliorative effects, emerging next generation probiotics start to reveal as new preventive and therapeutic tools. Recent studies have unraveled many potential next generation probiotics (NGP). These include Prevotella copri and Christensenella minuta that control insulin resistance, Parabacteroides goldsteinii, Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron that reverse obesity and insulin resistance, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii that protects mice against intestinal diseases, and Bacteroides fragilis that reduces inflammation and shows anticancer effect. New agents will soon be revealed for targeted therapy on specific inflammation related diseases. The important roles of next generation probiotics and gut microbiota normobiosis on the maintenance of intestinal integrity and homeostasis are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Jung Chang
- Microbiota Research Center and Emerging Viral Infections Research Center, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Gueishan, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Lung Lin
- Microbiota Research Center and Emerging Viral Infections Research Center, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ling Tsai
- Microbiota Research Center and Emerging Viral Infections Research Center, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ru Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Fan Lai
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chen Lu
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Fu Jen Catholic University, Xinzhuang, New Taipei City, 24205, Taiwan.
| | - Hsin-Chih Lai
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan; Microbiota Research Center and Emerging Viral Infections Research Center, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Gueishan, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Gueishan, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Gueishan, Taoyuan, 33303, Taiwan; Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Gueishan, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan.
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23
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Oh JH, Cho AY, Kim YS, Lee KY, Sun IO. A Rare Case of Urinary Tract Infection Caused by Enterococcus hiraein an Elderly Man with Benign Prostate Hyperplasia. Chonnam Med J 2019; 55:177-178. [PMID: 31598480 PMCID: PMC6769244 DOI: 10.4068/cmj.2019.55.3.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hwan Oh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Presbyterian Medical Center, Jeonju, Korea
| | - A Young Cho
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Presbyterian Medical Center, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Young Suk Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Presbyterian Medical Center, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Kwang Young Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Presbyterian Medical Center, Jeonju, Korea
| | - In O Sun
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Presbyterian Medical Center, Jeonju, Korea
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24
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Peyclit L, Chanteloup A, Hadjadj L, Rolain JM. Role of Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection in the surveillance of resistance to antibiotics and training of students in the Mediterranean basin and in African countries. New Microbes New Infect 2018; 26:S52-S64. [PMID: 30402244 PMCID: PMC6205572 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Surveillance of antibiotic resistance has become a public global concern after the rapid worldwide dissemination of several antibiotic resistance genes. Here we report the role of the Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection created in 2011 in the identification and description of multidrug-resistant bacteria thanks to collaborations and training of students from the Mediterranean basin and from African countries. Since the creation of the institute, 95 students and researchers have come from 19 different countries from these areas to characterize 6359 bacterial isolates from 7280 samples from humans (64%), animals (28%) and the environment (8%). Most bacterial isolates studied were Gram-negative bacteria (n = 5588; 87.9%), mostly from Algeria (n = 4190), Lebanon (n = 946), Greece (n = 610), Saudi Arabia (n = 299) and Senegal (n = 278). Antibiotic resistance was diversified with the detection and characterization of extended-spectrum β-lactamases, carbapenemases and resistance to colistin, vancomycin and methicillin. All those studies led to 97 indexed international scientific papers. Over the last 6 years, our institute has created a huge network of collaborations by training students that plays a major role in the surveillance of resistance to antibiotics in these countries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - J.-M. Rolain
- Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
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25
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Protective Effects of Xyloglucan in Association with the Polysaccharide Gelose in an Experimental Model of Gastroenteritis and Urinary Tract Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071844. [PMID: 29932149 PMCID: PMC6073600 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute infectious gastroenteritis (GE) and urinary tract infection (UTI) are common diseases and are normally perceived as mild and limiting illnesses. Xyloglucan is a natural plant polymer with protective barrier properties, also known as “mucosal protectors”, which is the main ingredient of medical devices developed for the management of different diseases, such as gastrointestinal diseases, urinary tract infections, or respiratory allergic diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of xyloglucan in association with gelose (also called agar) in an experimental model of bacterial GE and UTI in rats. Two kinds of infection were induced by oral administration of Salmonella enterica and Enterococcus hirae for three days. Two days before the bacterial administration, preventive oral treatment with xyloglucan + gelose (10 mg/kg + 5 mg/kg) was performed daily until the seventh day. Twenty-four hours after the last treatment, rats were sacrificed and urinary tracts and intestines for different analysis were collected. The results showed that xyloglucan plus gelose was able to reduce intestinal morphological changes (p < 0.05 for both), tight junctions (TJ) permeability (p < 0.001 for both), and neutrophil infiltration (p < 0.05 for both) induced by bacterial infections, highlighting its barrier proprieties. Moreover, the compound reduced the number of bacterial colonies in the urinary tract favoring elimination by feces. The results obtained in the present study suggest that the protective barrier properties of xyloglucan plus gelose allow the prevention of GE and UTI in models of infections in rats.
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26
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Peng Z, Li M, Wang W, Liu H, Fanning S, Hu Y, Zhang J, Li F. Genomic insights into the pathogenicity and environmental adaptability of Enterococcus hirae R17 isolated from pork offered for retail sale. Microbiologyopen 2017; 6. [PMID: 28799224 PMCID: PMC5727370 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic information about Enterococcus hirae is limited, a feature that has compromised our understanding of these clinically challenging bacteria. In this study, comparative analysis was performed of E. hirae R17, a daptomycin‐resistant strain isolated from pork purchased from a retail market in Beijing, China, and three other enterococcal genomes (Enterococcus faecium DO, Enterococcus faecalis V583, and E. hirae ATCC™9790). Some 1,412 genes were identified that represented the core genome together with an additional 139 genes that were specific to E. hirae R17. The functions of these R17 strain‐specific coding sequences relate to the COGs categories of carbohydrate transport and metabolism and transcription, a finding that suggests the carbohydrate utilization capacity of E. hirae R17 may be more extensive when compared with the other three bacterial species (spp.). Analysis of genomic islands and virulence genes highlighted the potential that horizontal gene transfer played as a contributor of variations in pathogenicity in this isolate. Drug‐resistance gene prediction and antibiotic susceptibility testing indicated E. hirae R17 was resistant to several antimicrobial compounds, including bacitracin, ciprofloxacin, daptomycin, erythromycin, and tetracycline, thereby limiting chemotherapeutic treatment options. Further, tolerance to biocides and metals may confer a phenotype that facilitates the survival and adaptation of this isolate against food preservatives, disinfectants, and antibacterial coatings. The genomic plasticity, mediated by IS elements, transposases, and tandem repeats, identified in the E. hirae R17 genome may support adaptation to new environmental niches, such as those that are found in hospitalized patients. A predicted transmissible plasmid, pRZ1, was found to carry several antimicrobial determinants, along with some predicted pathogenic genes. These data supported the previously determined phenotype confirming that the foodborne E. hirae R17 is a multidrug‐resistant pathogenic bacterium with evident genome plasticity and environmental adaptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Peng
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Menghan Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Séamus Fanning
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China.,UCD-Centre for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Yujie Hu
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Jianzhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Fengqin Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
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27
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Di Lodovico S, Cataldi V, Di Campli E, Ancarani E, Cellini L, Di Giulio M. Enterococcus hirae biofilm formation on hospital material surfaces and effect of new biocides. Environ Health Prev Med 2017; 22:63. [PMID: 29165147 PMCID: PMC5664585 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-017-0670-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nowadays, the bacterial contamination in the hospital environment is of particular concern because the hospital-acquired infections (HAIs), also known as nosocomial infections, are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality. This work evaluated the capability of Enterococcus hirae to form biofilm on different surfaces and the action of two biocides on the produced biofilms. Methods The biofilm formation of E. hirae ATCC 10541 was studied on polystyrene and stainless steel surfaces through the biomass quantification and the cell viability at 20 and 37 °C. The effect of LH IDROXI FAST and LH ENZYCLEAN SPRAY biocides on biomasses was expressed as percentage of biofilm reduction. E. hirae at 20 and 37 °C produced more biofilm on the stainless steel in respect to the polystyrene surface. The amount of viable cells was greater at 20 °C than with 37 °C on the two analyzed surfaces. Biocides revealed a good anti-biofilm activity with the most effect for LH ENZYCLEAN SPRAY on polystyrene and stainless steel at 37 °C with a maximum biofilm reduction of 85.72 and 86.37%, respectively. Results E. hirae is a moderate biofilm producer depending on surface material and temperature, and the analyzed biocides express a remarkable antibiofilm action. Conclusion The capability of E. hirae to form biofilm can be associated with its increasing incidence in hospital-acquired infections, and the adoption of suitable disinfectants is strongly recommended. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12199-017-0670-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Di Lodovico
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Valentina Cataldi
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Emanuela Di Campli
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Ancarani
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Luigina Cellini
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mara Di Giulio
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
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28
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Ngbede EO, Raji MA, Kwanashie CN, Kwaga JKP. Antimicrobial resistance and virulence profile of enterococci isolated from poultry and cattle sources in Nigeria. Trop Anim Health Prod 2016; 49:451-458. [PMID: 27987112 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-016-1212-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the occurrence, antimicrobial resistance and virulence of Enterococcus from poultry and cattle farms. Three hundred and ninety samples: cloacal/rectal swabs (n = 260) and manure (n = 130] were processed for recovery of Enterococcus species. Standard bacteriological methods were used to isolate, identify and characterize Enterococcus species for antimicrobial susceptibility and expression of virulence traits. Detection of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes was carried out by polymerase chain reaction. Enterococcus was recovered from 167 (42.8%) of the 390 samples tested with a predominance of Enterococcus faecium (27.7%). Other species detected were Enterococcus gallinarum, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus hirae, Enterococcus raffinosus, Enterococcus avium, Enterococcus casseliflavus, Enterococcus mundtii and Enterococcus durans. All the isolates tested were susceptible to vancomycin, but resistance to tetracycline, erythromycin, ampicillin and gentamicin was also observed among 61.0, 61.0, 45.1 and 32.7% of the isolates, respectively. Sixty (53.1%) of the isolates were multidrug resistant presenting as 24 different resistance patterns with resistance to gentamicin-erythromycin-streptomycin-tetracycline (CN-ERY-STR-TET) being the most common (n = 11) pattern. In addition to expression of virulence traits (haemolysin, gelatinase, biofilm production), antibiotic resistance (tetK, tetL, tetM, tetO and ermB) and virulence (asa1, gelE, cylA) genes were detected among the isolates. Also, in vitro transfer of resistance determinants was observed among 75% of the isolates tested. Our data revealed poultry, cattle and manure in this area are hosts to varying Enterococcus species harbouring virulence and resistance determinants that can be transferred to other organisms and also are important for causing nosocomial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Ochefije Ngbede
- Department of Veterinary Pathology & Microbiology, University of Agriculture Makurdi, PMB 2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria. .,Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, PMB 1045, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria.
| | - Mashood Abiola Raji
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, PMB 1045, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria.,Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Clara Nna Kwanashie
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, PMB 1045, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Jacob Kwada Pajhi Kwaga
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, PMB 1045, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
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