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Wang C, Yang Y, Cai Q, Gao Y, Cai H, Wu J, Zheng W, Long J, Shu XO. Oral microbiome and ischemic stroke risk among elderly Chinese women. J Oral Microbiol 2023; 15:2266655. [PMID: 37822701 PMCID: PMC10563620 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2023.2266655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Stroke, a leading cause of disability worldwide, has been associated with periodontitis. However, whether stroke risk is related to oral microbiota remains unknown. This study aims to evaluate the associations between the oral microbiome and ischemic stroke risk. Methods In a case-control study of 134 case-control pairs nested within a prospective cohort study, we examined pre-diagnostic oral microbiome in association with stroke risk via shotgun metagenomic sequencing. The microbial sub-community and functional profiling were performed using Latent Dirichlet Allocation and HUMAnN2. Associations of microbial diversity, sub-community structure, and individual microbial features with ischemic stroke risk were evaluated via conditional logistic regression. Results Alpha and beta diversities differ significantly between cases and controls. One genus- and two species-level sub-communities were significantly associated with decreased ischemic stroke risk, with odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of 0.52 (0.31-0.90), 0.51 (0.31-0.84), and 0.60 (0.36-0.99), respectively. These associations were potentially driven by the representative taxa in these sub-communities, i.e., genus Corynebacterium and Lautropia, and species Lautropia mirabilis and Neisseria elongate (p < 0.05). Additionally, 55 taxa, 1,237 gene families, and 90 metabolic pathways were associated with ischemic stroke risk at p < 0.05. Conclusion Our study highlights the role of oral microbiota in the etiology of ischemic stroke and calls for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wang
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yaohua Yang
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, UVA Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yutang Gao
- Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Renji Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jie Wu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jirong Long
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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Aoyagi S, Tobinaga S, Wada K, Nata SI, Yasunaga H. Rothia Aeria Endocarditis Complicated with Multiple Systemic Embolisms. Kurume Med J 2023; 68:259-263. [PMID: 37316288 DOI: 10.2739/kurumemedj.ms6834009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Rothia aeria is part of the normal flora in the human oral cavity and rarely causes serious systemic infection in healthy hosts. We report a case of infective endocarditis of the mitral valve due to Rothia aeria. A 53-year-old man suffered a cut on his left thumb. At the time, the patient licked the wound as a conventional way to accelerate its cure. Thereafter, he developed a recurrent fever, which was temporarily lysed with treatment using an intravenous antibiotic, over a period of 2 months after the injury. On admission, the patient had no dental caries and denied any dental procedures before onset of the fever. Auscultation revealed a systolic cardiac murmur. Echocardiography showed torn chordae of the posterior mitral leaflet with a small vegetation and severe mitral regurgitation. Two sets of blood cultures were positive for Rothia aeria. Computed tomography revealed splenic and left renal infarctions but no cerebral infarction. After resolution of the inflammation by 6 weeks of penicillin treatment, mitral valve repair was successfully performed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kumiko Wada
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, St. Mary's Hospital
| | - Shin-Ichi Nata
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, St. Mary's Hospital
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Fatahi-Bafghi M. Characterization of the Rothia spp. and their role in human clinical infections. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2021; 93:104877. [PMID: 33905886 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The genus Rothia are emerging as opportunistic pathogens associated with various infections in immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals. This review describes the taxonomy, cell wall structure, pathogenesis, phenotypic and molecular characteristics, clinical diseases, treatment and, as well as, the related genera that may be misidentified by Rothia species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Fatahi-Bafghi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
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Greve D, Moter A, Kleinschmidt MC, Pfäfflin F, Stegemann MS, Kursawe L, Grubitzsch H, Falk V, Kikhney J. Rothia aeria and Rothia dentocariosa as biofilm builders in infective endocarditis. Int J Med Microbiol 2021; 311:151478. [PMID: 33581548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2021.151478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rothia sp. are Gram-positive bacteria in the class of Actinobacteria that are part of the physiological oral flora. In rare cases, Rothia aeria and Rothia dentocariosa can cause infective endocarditis (IE). The biofilm potential of Rothia in endocarditis is unknown. METHODS Specimen from two cases of Rothia endocarditis were obtained during cardiac surgery. One of the patients suffered mitral valve IE from Rothia aeria. In the other case, IE of a prosthetic pulmonary valve was caused by Rothia dentocariosa. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used for visualization of microorganisms within heart valve tissues in combination with PCR and sequencing (FISHseq). RESULTS The two heart valve specimens featured mature biofilms of bacteria that were identified by FISHseq as Rothia aeria and Rothia dentocariosa, respectively. FISH showed in situ biofilms of both microorganisms that feature distinct phenotypes for the first time ex vivo. Both of our reported cases were treated successfully by heart valve surgery and antibiotic therapy using beta-lactam antibiotics. CONCLUSION The biofilm potential of Rothia sp. must be taken into account. The awareness of Rothia aeria and Rothia dentocariosa as rare but relevant pathogens for infective endocarditis must be raised. Use of biofilm-effective antibiotics in Rothia IE should be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin Greve
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annette Moter
- Biofilmcenter, Institute for Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; MoKi Analytics GmbH, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Malte Christian Kleinschmidt
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frieder Pfäfflin
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Miriam Songa Stegemann
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Kursawe
- Biofilmcenter, Institute for Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; MoKi Analytics GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Herko Grubitzsch
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Volkmar Falk
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Health Science and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Judith Kikhney
- Biofilmcenter, Institute for Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; MoKi Analytics GmbH, Berlin, Germany
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Franconieri F, Join-Lambert O, Creveuil C, Auzou M, Labombarda F, Aouba A, Verdon R, de La Blanchardière A. Rothia spp. infective endocarditis: A systematic literature review. Infect Dis Now 2020; 51:228-235. [PMID: 33164836 DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2020.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the epidemiological, clinical, microbiological, and therapeutic features and outcomes of Rothia infective endocarditis (RIE) and extracardiac infections (ECRI). METHODS We performed a systematic literature review of published cases of RIE and ECRI. RESULTS After inclusion of a personal case report, 51 cases of RIE and 215 cases of ECRI were reported. Compared with ECRI patients, RIE patients were significantly more often males (80% versus 59%), intravenous drug users (IVDU) (20% versus 3%), immunocompetent (76% versus 31%), and infected with R. dentocariosa (55% versus 13%) but lacked significant differences with regard to median age (45 years [6-79]), rate of orodental abnormalities (33%), and six-month mortality (14%). Following microbiological documentation, RIE was most often treated with a beta-lactam antibiotic alone (39%) for a median duration of six weeks and required surgery in 39% of cases. CONCLUSION RIE is rare and likely secondary to a dental portal of entry or cutaneous inoculation in IVDU. Its prognosis seems to be favorable.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Franconieri
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie, 14000 Caen, France
| | - O Join-Lambert
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie, 14000 Caen, France; Research Group on Microbial Adaptation, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, EA2656, GRAM 2.0, 14000 Caen, France
| | - C Creveuil
- Biostatistics and Clinical Research Unit, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie, 14000 Caen, France
| | - M Auzou
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie, 14000 Caen, France
| | - F Labombarda
- Department of Cardiology, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie, 14000 Caen, France
| | - A Aouba
- Department of Internal Medicine, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie, 14000 Caen, France
| | - R Verdon
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie, 14000 Caen, France; Research Group on Microbial Adaptation, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, EA2656, GRAM 2.0, 14000 Caen, France
| | - A de La Blanchardière
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie, 14000 Caen, France.
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Rothia dentocariosa Endocarditis in an Unsuspecting Host: A Case Report and Literature Review. Case Rep Cardiol 2019; 2019:7464251. [PMID: 30809399 PMCID: PMC6364109 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7464251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rothia dentocariosa, a gram-positive coccobacillus, is a commensal bacterium that is part of the oropharynx and respiratory tract. In the past, it was known to be a cause for periodontal disease, but in recent years, Rothia dentocariosa has been found to be the cause of several other infectious entities, of which endocarditis is the most predominant. We present the case of a healthy 62-year-old female who, after undergoing routine dental cleaning two months prior, developed subacute bacterial endocarditis of the mitral valve, with subsequent cerebral septic emboli causing an occipital hemorrhagic cerebrovascular accident, all secondary to Rothia dentocariosa.
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Complete Genome Sequence of Rothia aeria Type Strain JCM 11412, Isolated from Air in the Russian Space Laboratory Mir. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2016; 4:4/6/e01444-16. [PMID: 28034856 PMCID: PMC5201055 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01444-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Here, we present the complete genome sequence of Rothia aeria type strain JCM 11412, isolated from air in the Russian space laboratory Mir. Recently, there has been an increasing number of reports on infections caused by R. aeria. The genomic information will enable researchers to identify the pathogenicity of this organism.
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