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Isaković J, Slatković F, Jagečić D, Petrović DJ, Mitrečić D. Pulsating Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields Influence Differentiation of Mouse Neural Stem Cells towards Astrocyte-like Phenotypes: In Vitro Pilot Study. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4038. [PMID: 38612847 PMCID: PMC11012476 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Even though electromagnetic fields have been reported to assist endogenous neurogenesis, little is known about the exact mechanisms of their action. In this pilot study, we investigated the effects of pulsating extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields on neural stem cell differentiation towards specific phenotypes, such as neurons and astrocytes. Neural stem cells isolated from the telencephalic wall of B6(Cg)-Tyrc-2J/J mouse embryos (E14.5) were randomly divided into three experimental groups and three controls. Electromagnetic field application setup included a solenoid placed within an incubator. Each of the experimental groups was exposed to 50Hz ELF-EMFs of varied strengths for 1 h. The expression of each marker (NES, GFAP, β-3 tubulin) was then assessed by immunocytochemistry. The application of high-strength ELF-EMF significantly increased and low-strength ELF-EMF decreased the expression of GFAP. A similar pattern was observed for β-3 tubulin, with high-strength ELF-EMFs significantly increasing the immunoreactivity of β-3 tubulin and medium- and low-strength ELF-EMFs decreasing it. Changes in NES expression were observed for medium-strength ELF-EMFs, with a demonstrated significant upregulation. This suggests that, even though ELF-EMFs appear to inhibit or promote the differentiation of neural stem cells into neurons or astrocytes, this effect highly depends on the strength and frequency of the fields as well as the duration of their application. While numerous studies have demonstrated the capacity of EMFs to guide the differentiation of NSCs into neuron-like cells or β-3 tubulin+ neurons, this is the first study to suggest that ELF-EMFs may also steer NSC differentiation towards astrocyte-like phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Filip Slatković
- Omnion Research International d.o.o., 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Denis Jagečić
- Laboratory for Stem Cells, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dražen Juraj Petrović
- Laboratory for Stem Cells, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Genos d.o.o., Laboratory for Glycobiology, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dinko Mitrečić
- Laboratory for Stem Cells, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Albornoz-Cabello M, Ibáñez-Vera AJ, Barrios-Quinta CJ, Lara-Palomo IC, Cardero-Durán MDLÁ, Espejo-Antúnez L. Effects of Radiofrequency Diathermy Plus Therapeutic Exercises on Pain and Functionality of Patients with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12062348. [PMID: 36983348 PMCID: PMC10051503 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12062348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Although consensus has been reached about the use of therapeutic exercise in patellofemoral pain syndrome, several techniques used worldwide such as radiofrequency diathermy could be useful as complementary therapy. The objective of this randomized controlled trial was to compare the effects of adding radiofrequency diathermy to therapeutic exercises in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome. Fifty-six participants were randomly assigned either to radiofrequency diathermy plus therapeutic exercises group (n = 29) or therapeutic exercises group (n = 27). Both groups received the same therapeutic exercises, and the diathermy group additionally received monopolar dielectric diathermy for three weeks (5-3-2 weekly sessions). Data related to intensity of pain, probability of neuropathic pain, functionality, and range of movement of the knee were measured at baseline and three weeks after the intervention. Comparing pre-treatment and values obtained at the third week, significant improvements were found in intensity of pain, neuropathic pain, functionality, and range of motion in both groups (p < 0.05). The diathermy plus exercises group had significantly better intensity of pain than the control group at the end of the three weeks (p < 0.01). The addition of diathermy by emission of radiofrequency to the therapeutic knee exercise protocol is more effective than a therapeutic exercise protocol alone in the relief of intensity of pain in patients with patellofemoral pain in the immediate post-treatment follow-up compared with baseline scores.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Luis Espejo-Antúnez
- Department of Medical-Surgical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
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González-Gutiérrez MD, López-Garrido Á, Cortés-Pérez I, Obrero-Gaitán E, León-Morillas F, Ibáñez-Vera AJ. Effects of Non-Invasive Radiofrequency Diathermy in Pelvic Floor Disorders: A Systematic Review. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58030437. [PMID: 35334613 PMCID: PMC8951766 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58030437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: In recent years, the use of radiofrequency diathermy in pelvic floor disorders has grown proportionally to the interest in this specialty. Despite the common use of this therapy among pelvic floor physiotherapists, little is known about its effects and effectiveness in pelvic floor disorders. For this reason, the aim of the present review is to assess the effects of non-invasive 300 kHz–1 MHz radiofrequency diathermy in the treatment of pelvic floor disorders. Materials and Methods: A literature search was performed in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science, searching for any type of study that included pelvic floor disorder participants and an experimental group treated with non-invasive nor ablative radiofrequency diathermy. Results: There were a total of 578 studies after removing duplicates. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, resulting in a total of 15 studies, which were methodologically assessed with PEDro and the Newcastle and Ottawa scale. Conclusions: Despite the low quality of most of them, the studies showed improvements in urinary incontinence, pelvic pain conditions, pelvic floor muscles strength and sexual function. These findings must be considered with caution until more randomized clinical trials are performed to solve the biases detected.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Irene Cortés-Pérez
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaen, Campus las Lagunillas, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (I.C.-P.); (A.J.I.-V.)
- Poniente de Almería Northeast Health District, Andalusian Health Service, 04740 Roquetas de Mar, Spain
| | - Esteban Obrero-Gaitán
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaen, Campus las Lagunillas, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (I.C.-P.); (A.J.I.-V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-953-212-918
| | - Felipe León-Morillas
- Department of Physiotherapy, Catholic University of Murcia UCAM, Avenida de los Jerónimos, 30107 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Alfonso Javier Ibáñez-Vera
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaen, Campus las Lagunillas, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (I.C.-P.); (A.J.I.-V.)
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Granja-Domínguez A, Hochsprung A, Luque-Moreno C, Magni E, Escudero-Uribe S, Heredia-Camacho B, Izquierdo-Ayuso G, Heredia-Rizo AM. Effects of pulsed electromagnetic field therapy on fatigue, walking performance, depression, and quality of life in adults with multiple sclerosis: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Braz J Phys Ther 2022; 26:100449. [PMID: 36283240 PMCID: PMC9594115 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2022.100449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis has a great disability burden. Management of the disease is complex, and patients often seek new conservative approaches. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) therapy, compared to placebo, on the level of fatigue, walking performance, symptoms of depression, and quality of life (QOL) in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). METHODS Forty-four adults with RRMS and minimal to significant disability were randomly assigned to a 4-week protocol using a PEMF or a placebo whole-body mat. The PEMF group were initially treated with 15Hz frequency, gradually increased to 30Hz (intensity between 25-35µT). The primary outcome was fatigue, assessed with the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) and the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS). Secondary measures included walking function (GAITRite system and Timed 25-Foot Walk test), the Beck Depression Inventory-II, and the Multiple Sclerosis International Quality of Life Questionnaire. Data were collected at baseline, after intervention, and at 3-months post-intervention (follow-up). RESULTS There were no differences between groups for changes in fatigue symptoms from baseline to end of intervention (mean and 95% confidence interval FSS: -0.6, 95%CI: -1.3, 0.1; MFIS: -5.4, 95% CI: -15.1, 4.4) or at follow-up (FSS: -0.6, 95% CI: -1.4, 0.2; MFIS: -2.1, 95% CI: -10.9, 6.8). Similarly, both groups did not differ for any of the secondary outcomes at post-intervention or follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Low-frequency PEMF therapy is no more effective than placebo to produce changes in fatigue, gait performance, severity of depression, and QOL in people with RRMS and minimal to significant disability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anja Hochsprung
- Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Andalusian Health Service, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carlos Luque-Moreno
- Physical Therapy Department, Faculty of Nursing, Physical Therapy and Podiatry, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Sevilla, Spain,Corresponding author at: Departamento de Fisioterapia, Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología, Universidad de Sevilla, c/ Avicena s/n, 41009, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Eleonora Magni
- Physical Therapy Department, Faculty of Nursing, Physical Therapy and Podiatry, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Alberto Marcos Heredia-Rizo
- Physical Therapy Department, Faculty of Nursing, Physical Therapy and Podiatry, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain,UMSS Research Group, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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Albornoz-Cabello M, Barrios-Quinta CJ, Escobio-Prieto I, Sobrino-Sánchez R, Ibáñez-Vera AJ, Espejo-Antúnez L. Treatment of Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome with Dielectric Radiofrequency Diathermy: A Preliminary Single-Group Study with Six-Month Follow-Up. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57050429. [PMID: 33925211 PMCID: PMC8145052 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57050429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Notwithstanding patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) being one of the most common causes of pain in the front of the knee in outpatients, few studies have shown the effects of radiofrequency on knee pain and function in this population. The aim of the present study was to determine whether outpatients diagnosed with PFPS obtained improvement in pain and function after treatment by dynamic application of monopolar dielectric diathermy by emission of radiofrequency (MDR). Materials and Methods: An experimental study was conducted with 27 subjects with PFPS. Subjects were treated with 10 sessions of MDR in dynamic application. The visual analogue scale (VAS), the Kujala scale, the DN4 questionnaire, the lower extremity function scale (LEFS), the range of movement (ROM) in knee flexion and extension and the daily drug intake were measured pre- and post-intervention and at the time of the follow-up (six months). Results: Statistically significant differences were found in pain perception (VAS: F1,26 = 92.43, p < 0.000, ŋ2 = 0.78 and DN4: F1.26 = 124.15, p < 0.000, ŋ2 = 0.82), as well as improvements in functionality (LEFS: F1.26 = 72.42, p < 0.000, ŋ2 = 0.74 and Kujala: F1.26 = 40.37, p < 0.000, ŋ2 = 0.61]) and in ROM (Flexion: F1.26 = 63.15, p < 0.000, ŋ2 = 0.71). No statistically significant changes in drug intake were found. Conclusions: The present study shows that the dynamic application of MDR seems effective in reducing pain and increasing functionality and knee flexion in patients with PFPS, after a follow-up of six months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Albornoz-Cabello
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, University of Sevilla, 41009 Sevilla, Spain;
| | | | - Isabel Escobio-Prieto
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, University of Sevilla, 41009 Sevilla, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | | | | | - Luis Espejo-Antúnez
- Department of Medical-Surgical Therapy, Medicine Faculty, University of Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain;
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de Teresa C, Varela-López A, Rios-Álvarez S, Gálvez R, Maire C, Gracia-Villar S, Battino M, Quiles JL. Evaluation of the Analgesic Efficacy of a Bioelectronic Device in Non-Specific Chronic Low Back Pain with Neuropathic Component. A Randomized Trial. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10081781. [PMID: 33923872 PMCID: PMC8072836 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10081781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Low energy pulsed electromagnetic signals (PEMS) therapy, in the field of bioelectronics, has been suggested as a promising analgesic therapy with special interest in treating conditions with poor response to pharmacotherapy. This study evaluated the effectiveness of PEMS therapy on the treatment of chronic low back pain patients with a neuropathic component. A group of 64 individuals with such condition was allocated to a 2-week treatment period (10 twenty-minute sessions on consecutive days) with an active PEMS therapy device or an inactive device in random order. The pain was assessed on a visual analog scale, and the functional status was assessed using the SF-12 questionnaire. The visual analog scale scores were lower after treatment than at baseline but only in the group treated with the active device. According to the DN4 score, neuropathic pain decreased in both experimental groups with respect to baseline, but this was only significant for the group treated with the active device. Similarly, an improvement in the SF-12 and Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) sleep scale components was reported. The study demonstrated that low-energy PEMS therapy was efficient in reducing pain and improving function in chronic low back pain patients with a neuropathic component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos de Teresa
- Functional and Sports Medicine Service, Quirónsalud Hospital, 29004 Malaga, Spain; (C.d.T.); (S.R.-Á.)
| | - Alfonso Varela-López
- Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, Department of Physiology, University of Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n., 24560 Granada, Spain;
| | - Susana Rios-Álvarez
- Functional and Sports Medicine Service, Quirónsalud Hospital, 29004 Malaga, Spain; (C.d.T.); (S.R.-Á.)
| | - Rafael Gálvez
- Pain Universitario Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, 18012 Granada, Spain; (R.G.); (C.M.)
| | - Coralie Maire
- Pain Universitario Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, 18012 Granada, Spain; (R.G.); (C.M.)
| | - Santos Gracia-Villar
- Research Center for Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, 39011 Santander, Spain;
- Research Center for Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Campeche 24560, Mexico
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Department of Clinical Sicences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy;
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - José L. Quiles
- Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, Department of Physiology, University of Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n., 24560 Granada, Spain;
- Research Group on Food, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, 39011 Santander, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Albornoz-Cabello M, Ibáñez-Vera AJ, Aguilar-Ferrándiz ME, Espejo-Antúnez L. Monopolar dielectric diathermy by emission of radiofrequency in Patellofemoral pain. A single-blind-randomized clinical trial. Electromagn Biol Med 2020; 39:282-289. [PMID: 32683992 DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2020.1793169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Despite the high incidence of patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS), few studies show the effects of radiofrequency on pain and functionality in these patients. For this reason, the aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of monopolar dielectric diathermy by emission of radiofrequency (MDR) in dynamic applications aimed at treating pain and improving function in patients with PFPS. For this purpose, a single-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted. Eighty-four participants with PFPS were evenly divided into an experimental group (EG) and a control group (CG). All subjects receive 10 min of daily home exercises along 3 weeks, and in addition, the subjects of the EG received 10 sessions based on the dynamic application of MDR. Variables measured included Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), DN4 questionnaire, Lower Extremity Functionality Scale (LEFS), Kujala scale, Range of Movement (ROM) in knee flexion and extension and drug intake. The EG showed a statistically significant reduction in pain (VAS = 4.8 [5.5-4.1] [p < .001]; DN4 = 3.8 [4.4-3.2] [p < .001]), and an increase in functionality (LEFS = 16 [19-13] [p < .001]; Kujala = 19 [23-14] [p < .001]) and in ROM (flexion 18º [21º-16º] [p < .001]). No statistically significant changes in drug intake were found. Based on this data, the dynamic application of MDR seems effective in reducing pain and increasing functionality and flexion in patients with PFPS. Diathermy by emission of radiofrequency could be recommended as complement or main therapy in the treatment of PFPS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A J Ibáñez-Vera
- Health Sciences Department, University of Jaen , Jaen, Spain
| | | | - L Espejo-Antúnez
- Department of Medical-Surgical Therapy, University of Extremadura , Badajoz, Spain
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