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Dillemuth P, Karskela T, Ayo A, Ponkamo J, Kunnas J, Rajander J, Tynninen O, Roivainen A, Laakkonen P, Airaksinen AJ, Li XG. Radiosynthesis, structural identification and in vitro tissue binding study of [ 18F]FNA-S-ACooP, a novel radiopeptide for targeted PET imaging of fatty acid binding protein 3. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2024; 9:16. [PMID: 38393497 PMCID: PMC10891031 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-024-00245-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatty acid binding protein 3 (FABP3) is a target with clinical relevance and the peptide ligand ACooP has been identified for FABP3 targeting. ACooP is a linear decapeptide containing a free amino and thiol group, which provides opportunities for conjugation. This work is to develop methods for radiolabeling of ACooP with fluorine-18 (18F) for positron emission tomography (PET) applications, and evaluate the binding of the radiolabeled ACooP in human tumor tissue sections with high FABP3 expression. RESULTS The prosthetic compound 6-[18F]fluoronicotinic acid 4-nitrophenyl ester was conveniently prepared with an on-resin 18F-fluorination in 29.9% radiochemical yield and 96.6% radiochemical purity. Interestingly, 6-[18F]fluoronicotinic acid 4-nitrophenyl ester conjugated to ACooP exclusively by S-acylation instead of the expected N-acylation, and the chemical identity of the product [18F]FNA-S-ACooP was confirmed. In the in vitro binding experiments, [18F]FNA-S-ACooP exhibited heterogeneous and high focal binding in malignant tissue sections, where we also observed abundant FABP3 positivity by immunofluorescence staining. Blocking study further confirmed the [18F]FNA-S-ACooP binding specificity. CONCLUSIONS FABP3 targeted ACooP peptide was successfully radiolabeled by S-acylation using 6-[18F]fluoronicotinic acid 4-nitrophenyl ester as the prosthetic compound. The tissue binding and blocking studies together with anti-FABP3 immunostaining confirmed [18F]FNA-S-ACooP binding specificity. Further preclinical studies of [18F]FNA-S-ACooP are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pyry Dillemuth
- Turku PET Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tuomas Karskela
- Turku PET Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Abiodun Ayo
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jesse Ponkamo
- Turku PET Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jonne Kunnas
- Turku PET Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Johan Rajander
- Accelerator Laboratory, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Tynninen
- Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Pirjo Laakkonen
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Laboratory Animal Centre, HiLIFE University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN Flagship Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu J Airaksinen
- Turku PET Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Xiang-Guo Li
- Turku PET Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland.
- InFLAMES Research Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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2
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Gröner B, Willmann M, Donnerstag L, Urusova EA, Neumaier F, Humpert S, Endepols H, Neumaier B, Zlatopolskiy BD. 7-[ 18F]Fluoro-8-azaisatoic Anhydrides: Versatile Prosthetic Groups for the Preparation of PET Tracers. J Med Chem 2023; 66:12629-12644. [PMID: 37625106 PMCID: PMC10510393 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
18F-Fluorination of sensitive molecules is often challenging, but can be accomplished under suitably mild conditions using radiofluorinated prosthetic groups (PGs). Herein, 1-alkylamino-7-[18F]fluoro-8-azaisatoic anhydrides ([18F]AFAs) are introduced as versatile 18F-labeled building blocks that can be used as amine-reactive or "click chemistry" PGs. [18F]AFAs were efficiently prepared within 15 min by "on cartridge" radiolabeling of readily accessible trimethylammonium precursors. Conjugation with a range of amines afforded the corresponding 2-alkylamino-6-[18F]fluoronicotinamides in radiochemical conversions (RCCs) of 15-98%. In addition, radiolabeling of alkyne- or azide-functionalized precursors with azidopropyl- or propargyl-substituted [18F]AFAs using Cu-catalyzed click cycloaddition afforded the corresponding conjugates in RCCs of 44-88%. The practical utility of the PGs was confirmed by the preparation of three 18F-labeled PSMA ligands in radiochemical yields of 28-42%. Biological evaluation in rats demonstrated excellent in vivo stability of all three conjugates. In addition, one conjugate ([18F]JK-PSMA-15) showed favorable imaging properties for high-contrast visualization of small PSMA-positive lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Gröner
- Forschungszentrum
Jülich GmbH, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear
Chemistry (INM-5), Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Faculty
of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University
of Cologne, Kerpener
Straße 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Willmann
- Forschungszentrum
Jülich GmbH, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear
Chemistry (INM-5), Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Lisa Donnerstag
- Forschungszentrum
Jülich GmbH, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear
Chemistry (INM-5), Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Faculty
of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University
of Cologne, Kerpener
Straße 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Elizaveta A. Urusova
- Forschungszentrum
Jülich GmbH, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear
Chemistry (INM-5), Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Faculty
of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University
of Cologne, Kerpener
Straße 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Felix Neumaier
- Forschungszentrum
Jülich GmbH, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear
Chemistry (INM-5), Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Faculty
of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University
of Cologne, Kerpener
Straße 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Swen Humpert
- Forschungszentrum
Jülich GmbH, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear
Chemistry (INM-5), Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Heike Endepols
- Forschungszentrum
Jülich GmbH, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear
Chemistry (INM-5), Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Faculty
of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University
of Cologne, Kerpener
Straße 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Faculty
of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Nuclear
Medicine, University of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Bernd Neumaier
- Forschungszentrum
Jülich GmbH, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear
Chemistry (INM-5), Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Faculty
of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University
of Cologne, Kerpener
Straße 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Max
Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Straße 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Boris D. Zlatopolskiy
- Forschungszentrum
Jülich GmbH, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear
Chemistry (INM-5), Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Faculty
of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University
of Cologne, Kerpener
Straße 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Max
Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Straße 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany
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3
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Hoffmann C, Kolks N, Smets D, Haseloer A, Gröner B, Urusova EA, Endepols H, Neumaier F, Ruschewitz U, Klein A, Neumaier B, Zlatopolskiy BD. Next Generation Copper Mediators for the Efficient Production of 18 F-Labeled Aromatics. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202965. [PMID: 36214204 PMCID: PMC10100267 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cu-mediated radiofluorination is a versatile tool for the preparation of 18 F-labeled (hetero)aromatics. In this work, we systematically evaluated a series of complexes and identified several generally applicable mediators for highly efficient radiofluorination of aryl boronic and stannyl substrates. Utilization of these mediators in nBuOH/DMI or DMI significantly improved 18 F-labeling yields despite use of lower precursor amounts. Impressively, application of 2.5 μmol aryl boronic acids was sufficient to achieve 18 F-labeling yields of up to 75 %. The practicality of the novel mediators was demonstrated by efficient production of five PET-tracers and transfer of the method to an automated radiosynthesis module. In addition, (S)-3-[18 F]FPhe and 6-[18 F]FDOPA were prepared in activity yields of 23±1 % and 30±3 % using only 2.5 μmol of the corresponding boronic acid or trimethylstannyl precursor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Hoffmann
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Niklas Kolks
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Daniel Smets
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstr. 6, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Haseloer
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstr. 6, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Benedikt Gröner
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Elizaveta A Urusova
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Heike Endepols
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428, Jülich, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Felix Neumaier
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Uwe Ruschewitz
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstr. 6, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Axel Klein
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstr. 6, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bernd Neumaier
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Boris D Zlatopolskiy
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428, Jülich, Germany
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4
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Hoareau R, Bach-Gansmo T, Cumming P, Olberg DE. A new automated and putatively versatile synthesis of the PSMA-ligand derivative [ 18F]DCFPyL using the FASTlab TM synthesizer. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2022; 7:10. [PMID: 35507241 PMCID: PMC9068851 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-022-00157-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Noninvasive molecular imaging using peptides and biomolecules labelled with positron emitters has become important for detection of cancer and other diseases with PET (positron emission tomography). The positron emitting radionuclide fluorine-18 is widely available in high yield from cyclotrons and has favorable decay (t1/2 109.7 min) and imaging properties. 18F-Labelling of biomolecules and peptides for use as radiotracers is customarily achieved in a two-step approach, which can be challenging to automate. 6-[18F]Fluoronicotinic acid 2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl ester ([18F]F-Py-TFP) is a versatile 18F-prosthetic group for this purpose, which can be rapidly be produced in an one-step approach on solid support. This work details an automated procedure on the cassette-based GE FASTlab™ platform for the labeling of a peptidomimetic, exemplified by the case of using the Glu-CO-Lys motif to produce [18F]DCFPyL, a ligand targeting the prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA). Results From fluorine-18 delivery a fully automated two-step radiosynthesis of [18F]DCFPyL was completed in 56 min with an overall end of synthesis yield as high as 37% using solid phase extraction (SPE) purification on the GE FASTlab™ platform. Conclusions Putatively, this radiolabeling methodology is inherently amenable to automation with a diverse set of synthesis modules, and it should generalize for production of a broad spectrum of biomolecule-based radiotracers for use in PET imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paul Cumming
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Inelspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dag Erlend Olberg
- Norsk Medisinsk Syklotronsenter AS, Postboks 4950, 0424, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway. .,School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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5
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Ruiz-Bedoya CA, Mota F, Tucker EW, Mahmud FJ, Reyes-Mantilla MI, Erice C, Bahr M, Flavahan K, De Jesus P, Kim J, Foss CA, Peloquin CA, Hammoud DA, Ordonez AA, Pardo CA, Jain SK. High-dose rifampin improves bactericidal activity without increased intracerebral inflammation in animal models of tuberculous meningitis. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:155851. [PMID: 35085105 PMCID: PMC8920328 DOI: 10.1172/jci155851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculous meningitis (TB meningitis) is the most severe form of tuberculosis (TB), requiring 12 months of multidrug treatment for cure, and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. High-dose rifampin (35 mg/kg/d) is safe and improves the bactericidal activity of the standard-dose (10 mg/kg/d) rifampin-containing TB regimen in pulmonary TB. However, there are conflicting clinical data regarding its benefit for TB meningitis, where outcomes may also be associated with intracerebral inflammation. We conducted cross-species studies in mice and rabbits, demonstrating that an intensified high-dose rifampin-containing regimen has significantly improved bactericidal activity for TB meningitis over the first-line, standard-dose rifampin regimen, without an increase in intracerebral inflammation. Positron emission tomography in live animals demonstrated spatially compartmentalized, lesion-specific pathology, with postmortem analyses showing discordant brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid rifampin levels and inflammatory markers. Longitudinal multimodal imaging in the same cohort of animals during TB treatment as well as imaging studies in two cohorts of TB patients demonstrated that spatiotemporal changes in localized blood-brain barrier disruption in TB meningitis are an important driver of rifampin brain exposure. These data provide unique insights into the mechanisms underlying high-dose rifampin in TB meningitis with important implications for developing new antibiotic treatments for infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo A Ruiz-Bedoya
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Filipa Mota
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth W Tucker
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Farina J Mahmud
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Maria I Reyes-Mantilla
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Clara Erice
- Department of Anesthesiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Melissa Bahr
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Kelly Flavahan
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Patricia De Jesus
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - John Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Catherine A Foss
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Charles A Peloquin
- Infectious Disease Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, United States of America
| | - Dima A Hammoud
- Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Alvaro A Ordonez
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Carlos A Pardo
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Sanjay K Jain
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America
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6
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Mota F, De Jesus P, Jain SK. Kit-based synthesis of 2-deoxy-2-[ 18F]-fluoro-D-sorbitol for bacterial imaging. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:5274-5286. [PMID: 34686858 PMCID: PMC8611807 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-021-00613-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Clinically available imaging tools for diagnosing infections rely on structural changes in the affected tissues. They therefore lack specificity and cannot differentiate between oncologic, inflammatory and infectious processes. We have developed 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-sorbitol (18F-FDS) as an imaging agent to visualize infections caused by Enterobacterales, which represent the largest group of bacterial pathogens in humans and are responsible for severe infections, often resulting in sepsis or death. A clinical study in 26 prospectively enrolled patients demonstrated that 18F-FDS positron emission tomography (PET) was safe, and could detect and localize infections due to drug-susceptible or multi-drug-resistant Enterobacterales strains as well as differentiate them from other pathologies (sterile inflammation or cancer). 18F-FDS is cleared almost exclusively through renal filtration and has also shown potential as a PET agent for functional renal imaging. Since most PET radionuclides have a short half-life, maximal clinical impact will require fast, on-demand synthesis with limited infrastructure and personnel. To meet this demand, we developed a kit-based solid phase method that uses commercially and widely available 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose as the precursor and allows 18F-FDS to be produced and purified in one step at room temperature. The 18F-FDS kit consists of a solid-phase extraction cartridge packed with solid supported borohydride (MP-borohydride), which can be attached to a second cartridge to reduce pH. We evaluated the effects of different solid supported borohydride reagents, cartridge size, starting radioactivity, volumes and flow rates in the radiochemical yield and purity. The optimized protocol can be completed in <30 min and allows the synthesis of 18F-FDS in >70% radiochemical yield and >90% radiochemical purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Mota
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Patricia De Jesus
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sanjay K. Jain
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to Sanjay K. Jain.
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7
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Lindner T, Altmann A, Giesel F, Kratochwil C, Kleist C, Krämer S, Mier W, Cardinale J, Kauczor HU, Jäger D, Debus J, Haberkorn U. 18F-labeled tracers targeting fibroblast activation protein. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2021; 6:26. [PMID: 34417894 PMCID: PMC8380212 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-021-00144-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer-associated fibroblasts are found in the stroma of epithelial tumors. They are characterized by overexpression of the fibroblast activation protein (FAP), a serine protease which was already proven as attractive target for chelator-based theranostics. Unfortunately, the value of gallium-68 labeled tracers is limited by their batch size and the short nuclide half-life. To overcome this drawback, radiolabeling with aluminum fluoride complexes and 6-fluoronicotinamide derivatives of the longer-lived nuclide fluorine-18 was established. The novel compounds were tested for their FAP-specific binding affinity. Uptake and binding competition were studied in vitro using FAP expressing HT-1080 cells. HEK cells transfected with the closely related dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (HEK-CD26) were used as negative control. Small animal positron emission tomography imaging and biodistribution experiments were performed in HT-1080-FAP xenografted nude mice. [18F]AlF-FAPI-74 was selected for PET/CT imaging in a non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patient. Results In vitro, 18F-labeled FAPI-derivatives demonstrated high affinity (EC50 = < 1 nm to 4.2 nm) and binding of up to 80% to the FAP-expressing HT1080 cells while no binding to HEK-CD26 cells was observed. While small animal PET imaging revealed unfavorable biliary excretion of most of the 18F-labeled compounds, the NOTA bearing compounds [18F]AlF-FAPI-74 and -75 achieved good tumor-to-background ratios, as a result of their preferred renal excretion. These two compounds showed the highest tumor accumulation in PET imaging. The organ distribution values of [18F]AlF-FAPI-74 were in accordance with the small animal PET imaging results. Due to its less complex synthesis, fast clearance and low background values, [18F]AlF-FAPI-74 was chosen for clinical imaging. PET/CT of a patient with metastasized non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), enabled visualization of the primary tumor and its metastases at the hepatic portal and in several bones. This was accompanied by a rapid clearance from the blood pool and low background in healthy organs. Conclusion [18F]AlF-labeled FAPI derivatives represent powerful tracers for PET. Owing to an excellent performance in PET imaging, FAPI-74 can be regarded as a promising precursor for [18F]AlF-based FAP-imaging. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41181-021-00144-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lindner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annette Altmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Nuclear Medicine, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frederik Giesel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Clemens Kratochwil
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Kleist
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Krämer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Walter Mier
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens Cardinale
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Kauczor
- Department of Radiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Jäger
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Debus
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe Haberkorn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Clinical Cooperation Unit Nuclear Medicine, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. .,Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany.
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8
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Jeppesen TE, Kristensen JB, Behrens C, Madsen J, Kjaer A. Fluorine-18 labeled aldehydes as prosthetic groups for oxime coupling with a FVIIa protein. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2021; 64:198-208. [PMID: 33314295 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
New 18 F-labeled nonvolatile aldehyde prosthetic groups derived from [18 F]F-Py-TFP and spirocyclic iodonium (III)ylide precursors for late stage 18 F-labeling were developed. These precursors were characterized, 18 F-labeled, and compared in reactivity for oxime coupling. Oxime coupling was performed on an amino-oxy modified inhibited factor VII (FVIIai-ONH2 ) in low concentration to prove the applicability of the proposed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troels E Jeppesen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Jacob Madsen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Kjaer
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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9
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Syvänen S, Fang XT, Faresjö R, Rokka J, Lannfelt L, Olberg DE, Eriksson J, Sehlin D. Fluorine-18-Labeled Antibody Ligands for PET Imaging of Amyloid-β in Brain. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:4460-4468. [PMID: 33236886 PMCID: PMC7747219 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies are attractive as radioligands due to their outstanding specificity and high affinity, but their inability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) limits their use for CNS targets. To enhance brain distribution, amyloid-β (Aβ) antibodies were fused to a transferrin receptor (TfR) antibody fragment, enabling receptor mediated transport across the BBB. The aim of this study was to label these bispecific antibodies with fluorine-18 and use them for Aβ PET imaging. Bispecific antibody ligands RmAb158-scFv8D3 and Tribody A2, both targeting Aβ and TfR, were functionalized with trans-cyclooctene (TCO) groups and conjugated with 18F-labeled tetrazines through an inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction performed at ambient temperature. 18F-labeling did not affect antibody binding in vitro, and initial brain uptake was high. Conjugates with the first tetrazine variant ([18F]T1) displayed high uptake in bone, indicating extensive defluorination, a problem that was resolved with the second and third tetrazine variants ([18F]T2 and [18F]T3). Although the antibody ligands' half-life in blood was too long to optimally match the physical half-life of fluorine-18 (t1/2 = 110 min), [18F]T3-Tribody A2 PET seemed to discriminate transgenic mice (tg-ArcSwe) with Aβ deposits from wild-type mice 12 h after injection. This study demonstrates that 18F-labeling of bispecific, brain penetrating antibodies is feasible and, with further optimization, could be used for CNS PET imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stina Syvänen
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 85, Sweden
| | - Xiaotian T Fang
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 85, Sweden
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, Yale PET Center, New Haven 06520, Connecticut United States
| | - Rebecca Faresjö
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 85, Sweden
| | - Johanna Rokka
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 85, Sweden
| | - Lars Lannfelt
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 85, Sweden
- BioArctic AB, Stockholm 112 51, Sweden
| | - Dag E Olberg
- Norsk medisinsk syklotronsenter AS, Oslo Postboks 4950, Norway
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo 0424, Norway
| | - Jonas Eriksson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Division of Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 23, Sweden
- PET Centre, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala 751 85, Sweden
| | - Dag Sehlin
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 85, Sweden
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10
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Basuli F, Zhang X, Phelps TE, Jagoda EM, Choyke PL, Swenson RE. Automated Synthesis of Fluorine-18 Labeled CXCR4 Ligand via the Conjugation with Nicotinic Acid N-Hydroxysuccinimide Ester (6-[ 18F]SFPy). Molecules 2020; 25:E3924. [PMID: 32867358 PMCID: PMC7504725 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is a seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor that is overexpressed in numerous diseases, particularly in various cancers and is a powerful chemokine, attracting cells to the bone marrow niche. Therefore, CXCR4 is an attractive target for imaging and therapeutic purposes. The goal of this study is to develop an efficient, reproducible, and straightforward method to prepare a fluorine-18 labeled CXCR4 ligand. 6-[18F]Fluoronicotinic acid-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl ester (6-[18F]FPy-TFP) and nicotinic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (6-[18F]SFPy) have been prepared using 'fluorination on the Sep-Pak' method. Conjugation of 6-[18F]SFPy or 6-[18F]FPy-TFP with the alpha-amino group at the N terminus of the protected T140 precursor followed by deprotection, yielded the final product 6-[18F]FPy-T140. The overall radiochemical yields were 6-17% (n = 15, decay-corrected) in a 90-min radiolabeling time with a radiochemical purity >99%. 6-[18F]FPy-T140 exhibited high specific binding and nanomolar affinity for CXCR4 in vitro, indicating that the biological activity of the peptide was preserved. For the first time, [18F]SFPy has been prepared using 'fluorination on the Sep-Pak' method that allows rapid automated synthesis of 6-[18F]FPy-T140. In addition to increased synthetic efficiency, this construct binds with CXCR4 in high affinity and may have potential as an in vivo positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agent. This radiosynthesis method should encourage wider use of this PET agent to quantify CXCR4 in both research and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falguni Basuli
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20892, USA; (X.Z.); (R.E.S.)
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20892, USA; (X.Z.); (R.E.S.)
| | - Tim E. Phelps
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (T.E.P.); (E.M.J.); (P.L.C.)
| | - Elaine M. Jagoda
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (T.E.P.); (E.M.J.); (P.L.C.)
| | - Peter L. Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (T.E.P.); (E.M.J.); (P.L.C.)
| | - Rolf E. Swenson
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20892, USA; (X.Z.); (R.E.S.)
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11
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Lesniak WG, Mease RC, Chatterjee S, Kumar D, Lisok A, Wharram B, Kalagadda VR, Emens LA, Pomper MG, Nimmagadda S. Development of [ 18F]FPy-WL12 as a PD-L1 Specific PET Imaging Peptide. Mol Imaging 2020; 18:1536012119852189. [PMID: 31187691 PMCID: PMC6563393 DOI: 10.1177/1536012119852189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) within tumors is an important biomarker for guiding immune checkpoint therapies; however, immunohistochemistry-based methods of detection fail to provide a comprehensive picture of PD-L1 levels in an entire patient. To facilitate quantification of PD-L1 in the whole body, we developed a peptide-based, high-affinity PD-L1 imaging agent labeled with [18F]fluoride for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. The parent peptide, WL12, and the nonradioactive analog of the radiotracer, 19FPy-WL12, inhibit PD-1/PD-L1 interaction at low nanomolar concentrations (half maximal inhibitory concentration [IC50], 26-32 nM). The radiotracer, [18F]FPy-WL12, was prepared by conjugating 2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl 6-[18F]fluoronicotinate ([18F]FPy-TFP) to WL12 and assessed for specificity in vitro in 6 cancer cell lines with varying PD-L1 expression. The uptake of the radiotracer reflected the PD-L1 expression assessed by flow cytometry. Next, we performed the in vivo evaluation of [18F]FPy-WL12 in mice bearing cancer xenografts by PET imaging, ex vivo biodistribution, and blocking studies. In vivo data demonstrated a PD-L1-specific uptake of [18F]FPy-WL12 in tumors that is reduced in mice receiving a blocking dose. The majority of [18F]FPy-WL12 radioactivity was localized in the tumors, liver, and kidneys indicating the need for optimization of the labeling strategy to improve the in vivo pharmacokinetics of the radiotracer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech G Lesniak
- 1 Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ronnie C Mease
- 1 Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,2 Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bloomberg∼Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Samit Chatterjee
- 1 Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dhiraj Kumar
- 1 Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ala Lisok
- 1 Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bryan Wharram
- 1 Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Venkateswara Rao Kalagadda
- 1 Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Leisha A Emens
- 2 Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bloomberg∼Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Martin G Pomper
- 1 Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,2 Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bloomberg∼Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sridhar Nimmagadda
- 1 Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,2 Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bloomberg∼Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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12
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Inkster JAH, Akurathi V, Sromek AW, Chen Y, Neumeyer JL, Packard AB. A non-anhydrous, minimally basic protocol for the simplification of nucleophilic 18F-fluorination chemistry. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6818. [PMID: 32321927 PMCID: PMC7176689 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61845-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorine-18 radiolabeling typically includes several conserved steps including elution of the [18F]fluoride from an anion exchange cartridge with a basic solution of K2CO3 or KHCO3 and Kryptofix 2.2.2. in mixture of acetonitrile and water followed by rigorous azeotropic drying to remove the water. In this work we describe an alternative "non-anhydrous, minimally basic" ("NAMB") technique that simplifies the process and avoids the basic conditions that can sometimes limit the scope and efficiency of [18F]fluoride incorporation chemistry. In this approach, [18F]F- is eluted from small (10-12 mg) anion-exchange cartridges with solutions of tetraethylammonium bicarbonate, perchlorate or tosylate in polar aprotic solvents containing 10-50% water. After dilution with additional aprotic solvent, these solutions are used directly in nucleophilic aromatic and aliphatic 18F-fluorination reactions, obviating the need for azeotropic drying. Perchlorate and tosylate are minimally basic anions that are nevertheless suitable for removal of [18F]F- from the anion-exchange cartridge. As proof-of-principle, "NAMB" chemistry was utilized for the synthesis of the dopamine D2/D3 antagonist [18F]fallypride.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A H Inkster
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - V Akurathi
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - A W Sromek
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Basic Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Y Chen
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Basic Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - J L Neumeyer
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Basic Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - A B Packard
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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13
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Richard M, Specklin S, Roche M, Hinnen F, Kuhnast B. Original synthesis of radiolabeling precursors for batch and on resin one-step/late-stage radiofluorination of peptides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:2507-2510. [PMID: 32003763 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc09434b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Radiolabeling of peptides with fluorine-18 is hurdled by their chemical sensitivity and complicated processes. Original triflyl-pyridine intermediates afforded ammonium precursors that were radiolabeled at low temperature. From that study, a generic tag has been designed to allow a simple one-step/late-stage radiolabelling of peptides. The strategy has been transposed to an automated "on-resin" radiolabelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mylène Richard
- Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INSERM, CNRS, BioMaps, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Bertrand KUHNAST, 4 place du général Leclerc, 91401 Orsay, France.
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14
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Wei W, Rosenkrans ZT, Liu J, Huang G, Luo QY, Cai W. ImmunoPET: Concept, Design, and Applications. Chem Rev 2020; 120:3787-3851. [PMID: 32202104 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Immuno-positron emission tomography (immunoPET) is a paradigm-shifting molecular imaging modality combining the superior targeting specificity of monoclonal antibody (mAb) and the inherent sensitivity of PET technique. A variety of radionuclides and mAbs have been exploited to develop immunoPET probes, which has been driven by the development and optimization of radiochemistry and conjugation strategies. In addition, tumor-targeting vectors with a short circulation time (e.g., Nanobody) or with an enhanced binding affinity (e.g., bispecific antibody) are being used to design novel immunoPET probes. Accordingly, several immunoPET probes, such as 89Zr-Df-pertuzumab and 89Zr-atezolizumab, have been successfully translated for clinical use. By noninvasively and dynamically revealing the expression of heterogeneous tumor antigens, immunoPET imaging is gradually changing the theranostic landscape of several types of malignancies. ImmunoPET is the method of choice for imaging specific tumor markers, immune cells, immune checkpoints, and inflammatory processes. Furthermore, the integration of immunoPET imaging in antibody drug development is of substantial significance because it provides pivotal information regarding antibody targeting abilities and distribution profiles. Herein, we present the latest immunoPET imaging strategies and their preclinical and clinical applications. We also emphasize current conjugation strategies that can be leveraged to develop next-generation immunoPET probes. Lastly, we discuss practical considerations to tune the development and translation of immunoPET imaging strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Wei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.,Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Room 7137, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Zachary T Rosenkrans
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Quan-Yong Luo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Weibo Cai
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Room 7137, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States.,University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
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15
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Basuli F, Zhang X, Blackman B, White ME, Jagoda EM, Choyke PL, Swenson RE. Fluorine-18 Labeled Fluorofuranylnorprogesterone ([ 18F]FFNP) and Dihydrotestosterone ([ 18F]FDHT) Prepared by "Fluorination on Sep-Pak" Method. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24132389. [PMID: 31261651 PMCID: PMC6651117 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
To further explore the scope of our recently developed “fluorination on Sep-Pak” method, we prepared two well-known positron emission tomography (PET) tracers 21-[18F]fluoro-16α,17α-[(R)-(1′-α-furylmethylidene)dioxy]-19-norpregn-4-ene-3,20-dione furanyl norprogesterone ([18F]FFNP) and 16β-[18F]fluoro-5α-dihydrotestosterone ([18F]FDHT). Following the “fluorination on Sep-Pak” method, over 70% elution efficiency was observed with 3 mg of triflate precursor of [18F]FFNP. The overall yield of [18F]FFNP was 64–72% (decay corrected) in 40 min synthesis time with a molar activity of 37–81 GBq/µmol (1000–2200 Ci/mmol). Slightly lower elution efficiency (~55%) was observed with the triflate precursor of [18F]FDHT. Fluorine-18 labeling, reduction, and deprotection to prepare [18F]FDHT were performed on Sep-Pak cartridges (PS-HCO3 and Sep-Pak plus C-18). The overall yield of [18F]FDHT was 25–32% (decay corrected) in 70 min. The molar activity determined by using mass spectrometry was 63–148 GBq/µmol (1700–4000 Ci/mmol). Applying this quantitative measure of molar activity to in vitro assays [18F]FDHT exhibited high-affinity binding to androgen receptors (Kd~2.5 nM) providing biological validation of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falguni Basuli
- Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Burchelle Blackman
- Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Margaret E White
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Elaine M Jagoda
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Peter L Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rolf E Swenson
- Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
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16
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Davis RA, Drake C, Ippisch RC, Moore M, Sutcliffe JL. Fully automated peptide radiolabeling from [ 18F]fluoride. RSC Adv 2019; 9:8638-8649. [PMID: 35518701 PMCID: PMC9061836 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra10541c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological properties of receptor-targeted peptides have made them popular diagnostic imaging and therapeutic agents. Typically, the synthesis of fluorine-18 radiolabeled receptor-targeted peptides for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is a time consuming, complex, multi-step synthetic process that is highly variable based on the peptide. The complexity associated with the radiolabeling route and lack of robust automated protocols can hinder translation into the clinic. A fully automated batch production to radiolabel three peptides (YGGFL, cRGDyK, and Pyr-QKLGNQWAVGHLM) from fluorine-18 using the ELIXYS FLEX/CHEM® radiosynthesizer in a two-step process is described. First, the prosthetic group, 6-[18F]fluoronicotinyl-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl ester ([18F]FPy-TFP) was synthesized and subsequently attached to the peptide. The [18F]FPy-peptides were synthesized in 13-26% decay corrected yields from fluorine-18 with high molar activity 1-5 Ci μmol-1 and radiochemical purity of >99% in an overall synthesis time of 97 ± 3 minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Davis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California Davis CA USA +1-916-734-7572 +1-916-734-5536.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis CA USA
| | | | - Robin C Ippisch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis CA USA
| | | | - Julie L Sutcliffe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California Davis CA USA +1-916-734-7572 +1-916-734-5536.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis CA USA.,Center for Molecular and Genomic Imaging, University of California Davis CA USA
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17
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Zhang X, Basuli F, Swenson RE. An azeotropic drying-free approach for copper-mediated radiofluorination without addition of base. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2019; 62:139-145. [PMID: 30644121 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Copper-mediated radiofluorination provides a quick and versatile approach for 18 F-labeling of arenes and heteroarenes. However, this method is known to be base sensitive, which has been a barrier for preparative scale radiosynthesis. In this report, we provide an approach for copper-mediated radiofluorination without azeotropic drying or adding a base. [18 F]Fluoride trapped on a PS-HCO3 Sep-Pak was quantitatively eluted with a solution of 4-dimethylaminopyridinium trifluoromethanesulfonate (DMAP·OTf) in anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). The eluted solution was directly used for copper-mediated radiofluorination. Twelve boronic ester substrates were tested, yielding fluorinated products in 27% to 83% radiochemical yield based on HPLC analysis. This approach was successfully applied to the radiosynthesis of [18 F]flumazenil, a well-known positron emission tomography (PET) tracer for imaging central benzodiazepine receptors, with a radiochemical yield of 47%. This highly efficient protocol significantly augments the powerful copper-mediated radiofluorination approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhang
- Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Falguni Basuli
- Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Rolf E Swenson
- Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
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18
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Zhou Z, McDougald D, Devoogdt N, Zalutsky MR, Vaidyanathan G. Labeling Single Domain Antibody Fragments with Fluorine-18 Using 2,3,5,6-Tetrafluorophenyl 6-[ 18F]Fluoronicotinate Resulting in High Tumor-to-Kidney Ratios. Mol Pharm 2018; 16:214-226. [PMID: 30427188 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
ImmunoPET agents are being investigated to assess the status of epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in breast cancer patients with the goal of selecting those likely to benefit from HER2-targeted therapies and monitoring their progress after these treatments. We have been exploring the use of single domain antibody fragments (sdAbs) labeled with 18F using residualizing prosthetic agents for this purpose. In this study, we have labeled two sdAbs that bind to different domains on the HER2 receptor, 2Rs15d and 5F7, using 2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl 6-[18F]fluoronicotinate ([18F]TFPFN) and evaluated their HER2 targeting properties in vitro and in vivo. The overall decay-corrected radiochemical yield for the synthesis of [18F]TFPFN-2Rs15d and [18F]TFPFN-5F7 was 5.7 ± 3.6 and 4.0 ± 2.0%, respectively. The radiochemical purity of labeled sdAbs was >95%, immunoreactive fractions were about 60%, and affinity was in the low nanomolar range. Intracellularly trapped activity from [18F]TFPFN-2Rs15d and [18F]TFPFN-5F7 in HER2-expressing SKOV-3 ovarian and BT474M1 breast carcinoma cells were similar to the sdAbs labeled using the previously validated radioiodination residualizing prosthetic agents N-succinimidyl 4-guanidinomethyl-3-[125I]iodobenzoate ([125I]SGMIB) and N-succinimidyl 3-guanidinomethyl-5-[125I]iodobenzoate ( iso-[125I]SGMIB). Intracellular activity was about 2-fold higher for radiolabeled 5F7 compared with 2Rs15d for both 18F and 125I. While tumor uptake of both [18F]TFPFN-2Rs15d and [18F]TFPFN-5F7 was comparable to those for the coadministered 125I-labeled sdAb, renal uptake of the 18F-labeled sdAbs was substantially lower. In microPET images, the tumor was clearly delineated in SKOV-3 and BT474 xenograft-bearing athymic mice with low levels of background activity in normal tissues, except the bladder. These results indicate that the [18F]TFPFN prosthetic group could be a valuable reagent for developing sdAb-based immunoPET imaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyuan Zhou
- Department of Radiology , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , North Carolina 27710 , United States
| | - Darryl McDougald
- Department of Radiology , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , North Carolina 27710 , United States
| | - Nick Devoogdt
- In vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging laboratory , Vrije Universiteit Brussel, (VUB) , 1090 , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Michael R Zalutsky
- Department of Radiology , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , North Carolina 27710 , United States
| | - Ganesan Vaidyanathan
- Department of Radiology , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , North Carolina 27710 , United States
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Basuli F, Zhang X, Jagoda EM, Choyke PL, Swenson RE. Rapid synthesis of maleimide functionalized fluorine-18 labeled prosthetic group using "radio-fluorination on the Sep-Pak" method. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2018; 61:599-605. [PMID: 29575176 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Following our recently published fluorine-18 labeling method, "Radio-fluorination on the Sep-Pak", we have successfully synthesized 6-[18 F]fluoronicotinaldehyde by passing a solution (1:4 acetonitrile: t-butanol) of its quaternary ammonium salt precursor, 6-(N,N,N-trimethylamino)nicotinaldehyde trifluoromethanesulfonate (2), through a fluorine-18 containing anion exchange cartridge (PS-HCO3 ). Over 80% radiochemical conversion was observed using 10 mg of precursor within 1 minute. The [18 F]fluoronicotinaldehyde ([18 F]5) was then conjugated with 1-(6-(aminooxy)hexyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione to prepare the fluorine-18 labeled maleimide functionalized prosthetic group, 6-[18 F]fluoronicotinaldehyde O-(6-(2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)hexyl) oxime, 6-[18 F]FPyMHO ([18 F]6). The current Sep-Pak method not only improves the overall radiochemical yield (50 ± 9%, decay-corrected, n = 9) but also significantly reduces the synthesis time (from 60-90 minutes to 30 minutes) when compared with literature methods for the synthesis of similar prosthetic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falguni Basuli
- Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Elaine M Jagoda
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter L Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rolf E Swenson
- Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
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20
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Krishnan HS, Ma L, Vasdev N, Liang SH. 18 F-Labeling of Sensitive Biomolecules for Positron Emission Tomography. Chemistry 2017; 23:15553-15577. [PMID: 28704575 PMCID: PMC5675832 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging study of fluorine-18 labeled biomolecules is an emerging and rapidly growing area for preclinical and clinical research. The present review focuses on recent advances in radiochemical methods for incorporating fluorine-18 into biomolecules via "direct" or "indirect" bioconjugation. Recently developed prosthetic groups and pre-targeting strategies, as well as representative examples in 18 F-labeling of biomolecules in PET imaging research studies are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hema S. Krishnan
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Longle Ma
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Neil Vasdev
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Steven H. Liang
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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21
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Klenner MA, Pascali G, Zhang B, Sia TR, Spare LK, Krause‐Heuer AM, Aldrich‐Wright JR, Greguric I, Guastella AJ, Massi M, Fraser BH. A Fluorine‐18 Radiolabeling Method Enabled by Rhenium(I) Complexation Circumvents the Requirement of Anhydrous Conditions. Chemistry 2017; 23:6499-6503. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell A. Klenner
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) New Illawarra Rd Lucas Heights New South Wales Australia
- Department of Chemistry Curtin University Kent St Bentley Western Australia Australia
| | - Giancarlo Pascali
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) New Illawarra Rd Lucas Heights New South Wales Australia
- Brain and Mind Centre The University of Sydney Mallett St Camperdown New South Wales Australia
| | - Bo Zhang
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) New Illawarra Rd Lucas Heights New South Wales Australia
- Monash University Wellington Road Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Tiffany R. Sia
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) New Illawarra Rd Lucas Heights New South Wales Australia
- Brain and Mind Centre The University of Sydney Mallett St Camperdown New South Wales Australia
| | - Lawson K. Spare
- School of Science and Health Western Sydney University Penrith New South Wales Australia
| | - Anwen M. Krause‐Heuer
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) New Illawarra Rd Lucas Heights New South Wales Australia
| | | | - Ivan Greguric
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) New Illawarra Rd Lucas Heights New South Wales Australia
| | - Adam J. Guastella
- Brain and Mind Centre The University of Sydney Mallett St Camperdown New South Wales Australia
| | - Massimiliano Massi
- Department of Chemistry Curtin University Kent St Bentley Western Australia Australia
| | - Benjamin H. Fraser
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) New Illawarra Rd Lucas Heights New South Wales Australia
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22
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Basuli F, Zhang X, Woodroofe CC, Jagoda EM, Choyke PL, Swenson RE. Fast indirect fluorine-18 labeling of protein/peptide using the useful 6-fluoronicotinic acid-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl prosthetic group: A method comparable to direct fluorination. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2017; 60:168-175. [PMID: 27990672 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fluorine-18 labeling of biomolecules is mostly performed by an indirect labeling method using a prosthetic group. Fluorine-18 labeled 6-fluoronicotinic acid-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl ester is a useful prosthetic group to radiolabel a protein. Recently, we reported an improved preparation of this prosthetic group. To test the conjugation efficiency of the labeled ester prepared by this method, we have performed conjugation reactions with a peptide, a protein, and a small molecule. Prostate-specific membrane antigen targeting small molecule [18 F]DCFPyL, αvβ3 integrin receptors targeting peptide [18 F]c(RGDfK) and [18 F]albumin were prepared in good radiochemical yields. The conjugation reactions were completed at 40°C to 50°C in 10 minutes. The overall radiochemical yield was 25% to 43% in 30 to 45 minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falguni Basuli
- Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Carolyn C Woodroofe
- Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Elaine M Jagoda
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter L Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rolf E Swenson
- Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
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