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Wang Z, Barinas-Mitchell E, Brooks MM, Crawford SL, Leis AM, Derby CA, Thurston RC, Hedderson MM, Janssen I, Jackson EA, McConnell DS, El Khoudary SR. HDL-C criterion of the metabolic syndrome and future diabetes and atherosclerosis in midlife women: The SWAN Study. Am J Prev Cardiol 2024; 19:100687. [PMID: 39070021 PMCID: PMC11279330 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is one of 5 components [high blood pressure, glucose, triglycerides, waist circumference, low HDL-C], 3 of which, needed to diagnose metabolic syndrome (MetS). Evolving research shows that higher HDL-C is not necessarily cardioprotective in midlife women, supporting a need to re-evaluate HDL-C's contribution to risks related to MetS. We tested whether risk of future diabetes and higher carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) differ by HDL-C status in midlife women diagnosed with MetS based on the other 4 components. Methods Midlife women were classified into 3 groups 1) no MetS, 2) MetS with HDL-C ≥ 50 mg/dL (MetS hiHDL), and 3) MetS with HDL-C < 50 mg/dL (MetS loHDL). cIMT was measured 13.8 ± 0.6 years post baseline. Incident diabetes was assessed yearly. Results Among 2773 women (1350 (48 %) of them had cIMT), 2383 (86 %) had no MetS, 117 (4 %) had MetS hiHDL, 273 (10 %) had MetS loHDL. Compared with no MetS, both MetS- hiHDL and loHDL groups had higher cIMT and diabetes risk. Risk of having high cIMT did not differ between MetS loHDL vs. hiHDL groups. Adjusting for levels of MetS criteria other than HDL-C at baseline explained the associations of each of the two MetS groups with cIMT. Conversely, after adjustment, associations of MetS hiHDL and MetS loHDL with incident diabetes persisted. Conclusions In midlife women, HDL-C status matters for predicting risk of incident diabetes but not higher cIMT beyond other MetS components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyuan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh PA, USA
| | - Emma Barinas-Mitchell
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh PA, USA
| | - Maria M. Brooks
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh PA, USA
| | - Sybil L. Crawford
- Tan Chingfen Graduate School of Nursing, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Aleda M. Leis
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Carol A. Derby
- Departments of Neurology, and of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca C. Thurston
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Monique M. Hedderson
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente of Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Imke Janssen
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Jackson
- Division of Cardiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Samar R. El Khoudary
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh PA, USA
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Méndez-Mancilla A, Turiján-Espinoza E, Vega-Cárdenas M, Hernández-Hernández GE, Uresti-Rivera EE, Vargas-Morales JM, Portales-Pérez DP. miR-21, miR-221, miR-29 and miR-34 are distinguishable molecular features of a metabolically unhealthy phenotype in young adults. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300420. [PMID: 38662716 PMCID: PMC11045123 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Discrepancies between the measurement of body mass index (BMI) and metabolic health status have been described for the onset of metabolic diseases. Studying novel biomarkers, some of which are associated with metabolic syndrome, can help us to understand the differences between metabolic health (MetH) and BMI. A group of 1469 young adults with pre-specified anthropometric and blood biochemical parameters were selected. Of these, 80 subjects were included in the downstream analysis that considered their BMI and MetH parameters for selection as follows: norm weight metabolically healthy (MHNW) or metabolically unhealthy (MUNW); overweight/obese metabolically healthy (MHOW) or metabolically unhealthy (MUOW). Our results showed for the first time the differences when the MetH status and the BMI are considered as global MetH statures. First, all the evaluated miRNAs presented a higher expression in the metabolically unhealthy group than the metabolically healthy group. The higher levels of leptin, IL-1b, IL-8, IL-17A, miR-221, miR-21, and miR-29 are directly associated with metabolic unhealthy and OW/OB phenotypes (MUOW group). In contrast, high levels of miR34 were detected only in the MUNW group. We found differences in the SIRT1-PGC1α pathway with increased levels of SIRT1+ cells and diminished mRNA levels of PGCa in the metabolically unhealthy compared to metabolically healthy subjects. Our results demonstrate that even when metabolic diseases are not apparent in young adult populations, MetH and BMI have a distinguishable phenotype print that signals the potential to develop major metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Méndez-Mancilla
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
- Translational and Molecular Medicine Department, Research Center for Health Sciences and Biomedicine (CICSaB), Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | - Eneida Turiján-Espinoza
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
- Translational and Molecular Medicine Department, Research Center for Health Sciences and Biomedicine (CICSaB), Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | - Mariela Vega-Cárdenas
- Translational and Molecular Medicine Department, Research Center for Health Sciences and Biomedicine (CICSaB), Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | - Gloria Estela Hernández-Hernández
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | - Edith Elena Uresti-Rivera
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
- Translational and Molecular Medicine Department, Research Center for Health Sciences and Biomedicine (CICSaB), Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | - Juan M. Vargas-Morales
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
- Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | - Diana P. Portales-Pérez
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
- Translational and Molecular Medicine Department, Research Center for Health Sciences and Biomedicine (CICSaB), Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
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3
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Lang JY, Zhao JM, Ren MJ, Wang XY, Chen LP, Zhang XC, Wang XH, Dong LY. Bioconjugation of nanozyme and natural enzyme to enable a one-step cascade reaction for the detection of metabolites. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023:10.1007/s00216-023-04720-9. [PMID: 37140675 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04720-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Nanozyme, with enzyme-mimicking activity and excellent stability, has attracted extensive attention. However, some inherent disadvantages, including poor dispersion, low selectivity, and insufficient peroxidase-like activity, still limit its further development. Therefore, an innovative bioconjugation of a nanozyme and natural enzyme was conducted. In the presence of graphene oxide (GO), histidine magnetic nanoparticles (H-Fe3O4) were first synthesized by a solvothermal method. The GO-supported H-Fe3O4 (GO@H-Fe3O4) exhibited superior dispersity and biocompatibility because GO was the carrier and possessed outstanding peroxidase-like activity because of the introduction of histidine. Furthermore, the mechanism of the peroxidase-like activity of GO@H-Fe3O4 was the generation of •OH. Uric acid oxidase (UAO) was selected as the model natural enzyme and covalently linked to GO@H-Fe3O4 with hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) as a linker. UAO could specifically catalyze the oxidation of uric acid (UA) to generate H2O2, and subsequently, the newly produced H2O2 oxidized the colorless 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to blue ox-TMB under the catalysis of GO@H-Fe3O4. Based on the above cascade reaction, the GO@H-Fe3O4-linked UAO (GHFU) and GO@H-Fe3O4-linked ChOx (GHFC) were used for the detection of UA in serum samples and cholesterol (CS) in milk, respectively. The method based on GHFU exhibited a wide detection range (5-800 μM) and a low detection limit (1.5 μM) for UA, and the method based on GHFC exhibited a wide detection range (4-400 μM) and a low detection limit (1.13 μM) for CS. These results demonstrated that the proposed strategy had great potential in the field of clinical detection and food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ye Lang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory On Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Building B for School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jia-Meng Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory On Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Building B for School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Ming-Jin Ren
- Tianjin Key Laboratory On Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Building B for School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xin-Yu Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory On Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Building B for School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Le-Ping Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory On Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Building B for School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xin-Chi Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory On Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Building B for School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xian-Hua Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory On Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Building B for School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Lin-Yi Dong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory On Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Building B for School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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Vega-Cárdenas M, Teran-Garcia M, Vargas-Morales JM, Padrón-Salas A, Aradillas-García C. Visceral adiposity index is a better predictor to discriminate metabolic syndrome than other classical adiposity indices among young adults. Am J Hum Biol 2023; 35:e23818. [PMID: 36207794 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visceral adiposity index (VAI) has been identified as a cardiometabolic risk marker in children and adolescents which reflects abdominal fat distribution. The aim of the present study was to evaluated the predictive capacity of VAI, a body shape index (ABSI), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), and triglycerides and glucose index (TyG index) compared with classical anthropometric measurements to discriminate metabolic syndrome (MetS). METHODS This retrospective study included 1372 individuals. Anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical measurements were used to screen the prevalence of MetS components and to calculate VAI, ABSI, TyG index, and AIP. RESULTS The discriminatory capacity among the variables was assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC). VAI was the variable with the highest AUC with 0.932 CI 95% (0.917-0.948), followed by AIP with 0.914 CI 95% (0.897-0.931), and TyG index with 0.889 CI 95% (0.871-0.908). CONCLUSION VAI is a promising tool to identify MetS in the late adolescence setting. Among the novel adiposity indexes VAI, AIP, TyG index are able to determine MetS presence, while ABSI is not capable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela Vega-Cárdenas
- Coordination for the Innovation and Application of Science and Technology, CIACYT, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí (UASLP), San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Margarita Teran-Garcia
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Aldanely Padrón-Salas
- Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí (UASLP), San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Celia Aradillas-García
- Coordination for the Innovation and Application of Science and Technology, CIACYT, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí (UASLP), San Luis Potosí, Mexico.,Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí (UASLP), San Luis Potosí, Mexico
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Zhao HT, Lang JY, Wang Z, Hu ZS, Bai CC, Wang XH. Bioconjugation of nanozyme and natural enzyme for ultrasensitive detection of cholesterol. ANAL SCI 2023; 39:503-515. [PMID: 36602698 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-022-00258-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
When nanozymes are used in biological analysis, higher activity can improve the detection sensitivity, and better selectivity can eliminate other interference. To improve the specificity and sensitivity, we fabricated an innovative bioconjugated nanozyme with natural enzyme (BNNZ), in which natural ChOx was immobilized onto histidine-modified Fe3O4 (His-Fe3O4) with hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as a linker. ChOx could specifically catalyze the oxidation of cholesterol to generate H2O2 molecule, and then the newly formed H2O2 oxidized the colorless 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) into blue ox-TMB by peroxidase-like His-Fe3O4. According to the above cascade reaction, the BNNZ-based colorimetric strategy was proposed for the detection of cholesterol. Wherein, natural enzymes specifically catalyzed substrates, which endowed BNNZ with excellent specificity for target molecules; meanwhile, the introduction of histidine on His-Fe3O4 effectively increased the peroxidase-like activity of BNNZ, which provided a guarantee for sensitivity. Furthermore, BNNZ after reaction could be rapidly separated by an external magnetic field without interfering with colorimetric quantitative detection. The proposed strategy exhibited excellent sensitivity with limit of detection of 0.446 μM and was successfully used for the detection of cholesterol in spiked human serum sample with recovery and relative standard deviation in the range of 97.9-103.5% and 2.5-4.0%, respectively. This work indicates that the bioconjugation of nanozyme and natural enzyme may be a universal strategy for synthesis of high-performance enzyme-nanozyme systems, and the new-type BNNZ will be widely used in biological detection and disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Tao Zhao
- Pharmaceutical Department of the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Jin-Ye Lang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, Building B for School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Pharmaceutical Department of the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Zhan-Song Hu
- Department of Pharmacy of Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Chen-Chen Bai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, Building B for School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xian-Hua Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, Building B for School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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Yoo MG, Yun JH, Koo SK, Lee HJ. The effect of the association between CETP variant type and alcohol consumption on cholesterol level differs according to the ALDH2 variant type. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15129. [PMID: 36068255 PMCID: PMC9448738 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19171-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol consumption is associated with a high increased lipid profile and this association may depend on genetic risk factors. In this study, we aimed to assess the effects of genetic variation associated with alcohol consumption on lipid profiles using data from two Korean population studies. We performed a genotype association study using the HEXA (n = 51,349) and KNHANES (n = 9158) data. Genotype analyses of the two sets of Korean population data showed associations of increased total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol with CETP rs708272. The HEXA and KNHANES populations revealed differences in HDL cholesterol according to the presence of CETP rs708272, independent of ALDH2 rs671 and alcohol consumption. In contrast, total cholesterol levels were associated with alcohol consumption and ALDH2 rs671 in men with CETP rs708272 (CT and TT genotypes). Furthermore, in drinkers with ALDH2 rs671 (GA and AA genotypes), higher total cholesterol was associated with the CETP rs708272 TT minor homozygous genotype based on both HEXA and KNHANES data. Our findings demonstrated that alcohol consumption and genetic variation in either CETP or ALDH2 may be associated with cholesterol levels. We hope these findings will provide a better understanding of the relationship between alcohol consumption and cholesterol according to each individual’s genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Gyu Yoo
- Division of Endocrine and Kidney Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, 187 Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Ho Yun
- Division of Endocrine and Kidney Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, 187 Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Kyung Koo
- Division of Endocrine and Kidney Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, 187 Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Ja Lee
- Division of Endocrine and Kidney Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, 187 Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28159, Republic of Korea.
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Laurenzi M, Cirillo M, Terradura Vagnarelli O, Giampaoli S. A report on the Gubbio Study thirty-eight years after its inception. Panminerva Med 2021; 63:410-415. [PMID: 33878848 DOI: 10.23736/s0031-0808.21.04386-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Gubbio Population Study ("Gubbio Study") is a prospective epidemiological study carried out on the resident population of the city of Gubbio, Italy. The study's objectives are both of public health nature (the control and awareness of hypertension), and experimental (the role of electrolyte handling at the cellular membrane level and its relation to hypertension). Additional objectives were addressed during the 30+ year activity of the study, in particular the role of kidney dysfunction. METHODS Three active screenings ('Exams') were performed beginning 38 years ago; the first (Exam 1) in 1983-1986 (5376 individuals - response rate 92%) and two follow-up exams, were completed between 1989-92 (Exam 2) and 2001-2007 (Exam 3). Data collected include demographics, personal and family medical history, lifestyle (smoking, alcohol, diet and physical activity), education, type of work, anthropometry, blood pressure, pulse rate, blood biochemistry, urine biochemistry and special investigations on cellular electrolyte handling. Additional measurements were performed in selected sub-groups of participants. Data on hospitalizations, mortality and causes of death were collected after the completion of Exam 1. RESULTS The main results of the study, presented in this paper, identify new variables to consider in screening for cardiovascular risk factors, and show the impact that the focused and coordinated effort of a longitudinal program can have on a free-living population'. CONCLUSIONS The data are of relevance to Public Health and to experimental medicine alike, and vouch to the importance of the control of risk factors at the community level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Massimo Cirillo
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Simona Giampaoli
- Center for Epidemiologic Studies (CeSEG), Gubbio, Italy.,Formerly Department of Cardiovascular Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Narwal V, Deswal R, Batra B, Kalra V, Hooda R, Sharma M, Rana JS. Cholesterol biosensors: A review. Steroids 2019; 143:6-17. [PMID: 30543816 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol is the most important sterol synthesized by most of the human cells majorly in the liver. It is a necessary constituent of cell membranes, it acts as a precursor for the synthesis of steroid hormones, vitamin D, and bile acids. Cholesterol is transported in plasma primarily in the form of low-density lipoproteins (LDL), the principal route for its removal from tissues to the liver is in high-density lipoproteins (HDL), followed by excretion in the bile. Cholesterol level is less than 200 mg/dL in healthy persons. 200 and 239 mg/dL is considered borderline high and 240 mg/dL and above is considered a biomarker for cardiovascular diseases, heart attack, strokes, peripheral arterial disease, type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure. Several methods are available for detection of cholesterol, among them, most are burdensome, time-consuming, require sample pre-treatment, high-cost instrumental set-up, and experienced personnel to operate. Biosensing approach overcomes these disadvantages, as these are highly specific, fast, easy, cost-effective, and highly sensitive. The review describes the various cholesterol biosensors. Cholesterol biosensors work ideally within 1 to 300 s, in pH range, 7.0-8.6, temperature 25-37 °C and cholesterol concentration range, 0.000025-700 mM, the detection limits being in the range, 0.000002-4 mM, with working potential -0.05 to 0.65 V. These biosensors measured cholesterol level in fruit juices, beverages, sera and urine samples and reused up to 200 times over a period of 15 to 50 days, while stored dry at 4 °C (Table 1). Future perspective for further improvement and commercialization of cholesterol biosensors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Narwal
- Department of Biochemistry, M.D. University, Rohtak, India
| | - Ritu Deswal
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, M.D. University, Rohtak, India
| | - Bhawna Batra
- Department of Biotechnology, Deen Bandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, Sonipat, India.
| | - Vijay Kalra
- Department of Biochemistry, Pt. BD sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, India
| | - Ritu Hooda
- Department of Zoology, M.D. University, Rohtak, India
| | | | - J S Rana
- Department of Biotechnology, Deen Bandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, Sonipat, India
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Chen M, Yang F, Kang J, Gan H, Lai X, Gao Y. Discovery of molecular mechanism of a clinical herbal formula upregulating serum HDL-c levels in treatment of metabolic syndrome by in vivo and computational studies. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 28:174-180. [PMID: 29196136 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Decreased HDL cholesterol (HDL-c) is considered as an independent risk factor of cardiovascular disease in metabolic syndrome (Mets). Wendan decoction (WDD), a famous clinical traditional Chinese medicine formula in Mets in China, which can obviously up-regulate serum HDL-c levels in Mets. However, till now, the molecular mechanism of up-regulation still remained unclear. In this study, an integrated approach that combined serum ABCA1 in vivo assay, QSAR modeling and molecular docking was developed to explore the molecular mechanism and chemical substance basis of WDD upregulating HDL-c levels. Compared with Mets model group, serum ABCA1 and HDL-c levels intervened by two different doses of WDD for two weeks were significantly up-regulated. Then, kohonen and LDA were applied to develop QSAR models for ABCA1 up-regulators based flavonoids. The derived QSAR model produced the overall accuracy of 100%, a very powerful tool for screening ABCA1 up-regulators. The QSAR model prediction revealed 67 flavonoids in WDD were ABCA1 up-regulators. Finally, they were subjected to the molecular docking to understand their roles in up-regulating ABCA1 expression, which led to discovery of 23 ABCA1 up-regulators targeting LXR beta. Overall, QSAR modeling and docking studies well accounted for the observed in vivo activities of ABCA1 affected by WDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meimei Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, Fujian, China; College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, China.
| | - Fafu Yang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, Fujian, China.
| | - Jie Kang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Huijuan Gan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Xinmei Lai
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Yuxing Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
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Milwidsky A, Kivity S, Kopel E, Klempfner R, Berkovitch A, Segev S, Sidi Y, Goldenberg I, Maor E. Time dependent changes in high density lipoprotein cholesterol and cardiovascular risk. Int J Cardiol 2014; 173:295-9. [PMID: 24681020 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is a strong inverse predictor of cardiovascular events. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the correlation between changes in HDL-C and subsequent cardiovascular events. METHODS Study population comprised 13,037 subjects free of cardiovascular disease with a mean follow up of 6 ± 3 years. Low HDL-C was defined as < 40 mg/dl for men and <50mg/dl for women. Participants were divided into three groups based on HDL-C levels at the first and second baseline visits: persistently-low HDL-C (LL); persistently-high HDL-C (HH); and those with high HDL-C in a one visit only: intermittently high HDL-C (LH/HL). The primary endpoint was the first occurrence of a cardiovascular event. RESULTS A total of 529 (4.1%) incident events occurred during follow-up. HDL-C levels increased significantly between the two landmark visits (47.5 ± 12.6 vs. 48.1 ± 12.2, p<0.001). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the cumulative probability of cardiovascular events at 6 years was highest among subjects in the LL group (7.6%), and similar among LH/HL and HH groups (3.3% and 4%, respectively; log-rank p=0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis, with HDL-C as time-dependent covariate, showed that subjects with persistently low HDL-C during follow up experienced a 51% increased cardiovascular risk compared with subjects with persistently high HDL-C (p=0.026). Subjects with intermittently high HDL-C during follow up experienced similar risk to those with persistently high HDL-C (HR=1.02; p=0.89). CONCLUSIONS Variations in HDL-C levels during follow-up are associated with subsequent cardiovascular risk. Patients who retain low HDL-C levels are at the cardiovascular highest risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assi Milwidsky
- Leviev Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, Israel; Department of Internal Medicine "E", Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Israel
| | - Shaye Kivity
- Department of Internal Medicine C, Sheba Medical Center, Israel; Pinchas Borenstein Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Sheba Medical Center, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Eran Kopel
- Leviev Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
| | - Robert Klempfner
- Leviev Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | | | - Shlomo Segev
- Institute for Medical Screening, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
| | - Yechezkel Sidi
- Department of Internal Medicine C, Sheba Medical Center, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Ilan Goldenberg
- Leviev Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Elad Maor
- Leviev Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, Israel; Pinchas Borenstein Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Sheba Medical Center, Israel.
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Cirillo M, Terradura-Vagnarelli O, Mancini M, Menotti A, Zanchetti A, Laurenzi M. Cohort profile: The Gubbio Population Study. Int J Epidemiol 2013; 43:713-20. [PMID: 23543599 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyt025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Gubbio Study is a prospective epidemiological study on the population residing in the city of Gubbio, Italy. Original objectives of the study were the control of hypertension and the role of cellular electrolyte handling in hypertension. Other objectives were added during the 30-year activity of the study. The original target cohort consists of individuals aged ≥5 years residing within the medieval walls of the city. To complete family genealogies, individuals residing outside the city were also included. Three active screenings (exams) were conducted. A total of 5376 individuals (response rate 92%) participated in Exam 1 which was performed in 1983-86. Follow-up exams were completed between 1989-92 and 2001-2007. Data categories included demographics, personal and family medical history, lifestyle habits, education, type of work, anthropometry, blood pressure, pulse rate, blood biochemistry, urine biochemistry and special investigations on cellular electrolyte handling. Electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, 24-h ambulatory blood pressure and uroflowmetry were performed in selected subgroups defined by age and/or sex. Data about hospitalizations, mortality and causes of death were collected starting from completion of Exam 1. The study shared the data with other studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Cirillo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Italy, Centre of Preventive Medicine, Gubbio, Italy, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy, Association for Cardiac Research, Rome, Italy and Istituto Auxologico Italiano, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Oscar Terradura-Vagnarelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Italy, Centre of Preventive Medicine, Gubbio, Italy, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy, Association for Cardiac Research, Rome, Italy and Istituto Auxologico Italiano, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Mancini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Italy, Centre of Preventive Medicine, Gubbio, Italy, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy, Association for Cardiac Research, Rome, Italy and Istituto Auxologico Italiano, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Menotti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Italy, Centre of Preventive Medicine, Gubbio, Italy, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy, Association for Cardiac Research, Rome, Italy and Istituto Auxologico Italiano, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Zanchetti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Italy, Centre of Preventive Medicine, Gubbio, Italy, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy, Association for Cardiac Research, Rome, Italy and Istituto Auxologico Italiano, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Martino Laurenzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Italy, Centre of Preventive Medicine, Gubbio, Italy, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy, Association for Cardiac Research, Rome, Italy and Istituto Auxologico Italiano, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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12
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Gerber PA, Locher R, Schmid B, Spinas GA, Lehmann R. Smoking is associated with impaired long-term glucose metabolism in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2013; 23:102-108. [PMID: 22118957 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2011.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2011] [Revised: 07/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Smoking is known to negatively influence glucose metabolism both in healthy subjects and in patients with diabetes. The aim of this study was to compare glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus who were smokers with those who did not smoke during a prospective long-term follow-up. METHODS AND RESULTS In a single center, 763 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus were included, 160 (21.0%) of them were smokers. Patients were treated with intensive insulin therapy according to existing guidelines. Glucose control was monitored quarterly, diabetes related complications and cardiovascular risk factors were assessed at least once a year. Glucose control in smokers was significantly worse than in non-smokers at baseline and during follow-up (mean HbA1c during 5047 patient-years of follow-up 7.9 ± 1.3% in smokers and 7.3 ± 1.1% in non-smokers, p < 0.001) despite a higher insulin dosage in smokers (0.71 ± 0.30 U/kg vs. 0.65 ± 0.31 U/kg in non-smokers, p = 0.046). HDL cholesterol was lower in smokers at baseline (1.53 ± 0.45 vs. 1.68 ± 0.51 in non-smokers, p = 0.048). Diabetes related complications tended to occur with a higher frequency in smokers, with a significant difference in macroalbuminuria (9.8% vs. 4.8% in non-smokers, p = 0.047). CONCLUSION Smoking is associated with worse glucose control in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus despite the same treatment strategies as in non-smokers. Hyperglycemia, therefore, may contribute to an earlier incidence of diabetes related complications in these patients, in addition to direct toxic effects of smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Gerber
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland.
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13
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Nielsen TRH, Gamborg M, Fonvig CE, Kloppenborg J, Hvidt KN, Ibsen H, Holm JC. Changes in lipidemia during chronic care treatment of childhood obesity. Child Obes 2012. [PMID: 23181919 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2011.0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity and related co-morbidities are increasing. This intervention study assessed the associations between weight changes and lipidemia in obese children and adolescents. METHODS A total of 240 obese children and adolescents (median age, 11.3 years; range, 3.9-20.9) were enrolled in a best-practice multidisciplinary chronic care treatment program. The concentrations of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and triglycerides (TGs) and anthropometric data comprising height and weight were collected at baseline and after up to 39 months of continuous treatment. RESULTS The BMI standard deviation score (SDS) decreased in 51% of patients and maintained unchanged in 32% of patients during the treatment. At baseline, 65 (27.1%) of the patients exhibited dyslipidemia defined as increased concentrations of total cholesterol (>200 mg/dL), LDL (>130 mg/dL), or TGs (>150 mg/dL), or decreased HDL concentration (<35 mg/dL). Dyslipidemia improved with weight loss; the odds ratio (OR) was 0.37 per BMI SDS (p = 0.014) after adjusting for age, sex, and baseline BMI SDS. Baseline TG concentration correlated positively and HDL concentration correlated negatively with baseline BMI SDS. Weight loss was associated with a decrease in the concentrations of total cholesterol (p = 0.0005), LDL (p < 0.0001), non-HDL (p < 0.0001), and TGs (p < 0.0001), and with an increase in HDL concentration (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION High lipid concentrations were associated with childhood obesity. The lipid profile improved during weight loss independently of the baseline BMI SDS and baseline lipid concentration.
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Mureddu GF, Brandimarte F, De Luca L. High-density lipoprotein levels and risk of cardiovascular events. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2012; 13:575-86. [DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0b013e32834bb3c8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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15
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Choi H, Song S, Kim J, Chung J, Yoon J, Paik HY, Song Y. High carbohydrate intake was inversely associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol among Korean adults. Nutr Res 2012; 32:100-6. [PMID: 22348458 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2011.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The traditional Asian diet, which is characterized as being high in carbohydrate with an abundance of vegetables, may be beneficial for preventing metabolic syndrome abnormalities within the Asian population. However, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome is increasing in Asian countries. This study explored the association between dietary carbohydrates and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) prevalence, one of the abnormalities of metabolic syndrome in Korean adults. We used the data from the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and evaluated a total of 9947 Korean adults older 20 years. To measure carbohydrate quality and quantity, total carbohydrate intake (g/d), percentage of energy from carbohydrate, glycemic index, and glycemic load were divided into quintiles. Mean levels of HDL-C significantly decreased across the quintiles for all types of dietary carbohydrate intake except glycemic index after adjusting for potential variables in both men and women. Odds ratios for having low HDL-C in the highest quintile were 1.66 (95% confidence interval, 1.24-2.22) for total carbohydrate, 1.34 (1.02-1.75) for percentage of energy from carbohydrate, and 1.54 (1.17-2.03) for glycemic load in men as compared with the second quintile as a reference. Odds ratio for low HDL-C was 1.38 (1.12-1.71) for percentage of energy from carbohydrate in women. In conclusion, our study indicates that low HDL-C is associated with high carbohydrate intake without regard to energy or fat intake. Further studies would be necessary to optimize carbohydrate intake quantitatively on dyslipidemia for Asian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanui Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition/Research, Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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High Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Iran in Comparison with France: What Are the Components That Explain This? Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2012; 10:181-8. [DOI: 10.1089/met.2011.0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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