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Li KJ, Brouwer-Brolsma EM, Fleuti C, Badertscher R, Vergères G, Feskens EJM, Burton-Pimentel KJ. Associations between dairy fat intake, milk-derived free fatty acids, and cardiometabolic risk in Dutch adults. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:185-198. [PMID: 35931833 PMCID: PMC9899750 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02974-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Milk-derived free fatty acids (FFAs) may act as both biomarkers of intake and metabolic effect. In this study we explored associations between different types of dairy consumption, a selection of milk-derived free fatty acids, and cardiometabolic disease (CMD) risk factors. METHODS Sixty-seven FFAs were quantified in the plasma of 131 free-living Dutch adults (median 60 years) using gas chromatography-flame ionization detector. Intakes of different dairy foods and groups were assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. Twelve different CMD risk factors were analyzed. Multiple linear regressions were used to evaluate the associations under study. RESULTS Based on the fully adjusted models, 5 long-chain unsaturated FFAs (C18:1 t13 + c6 + c7 + u, C18:2 c9t11 + u, C20:1 c11, C20:3 c8c11c14, and C20:4 c5c8c11c14), 2 medium-chain saturated FFAs (C15, C15 iso), and a trans FFA (C16:1 t9) were positively associated with at least one variable of dairy intake, as well as plasma total and LDL cholesterol, blood pressure, and SCORE (p ≤ 0.05). A long-chain PUFA associated with high-fat fermented dairy intake (C18:2 t9t12), was negatively associated with serum triglyceride levels, and a long-chain saturated FFA associated with cheese intake (C18:1 u1) was negatively associated with plasma LDL cholesterol and serum triglyceride levels. No clear associations were observed between dairy intake and CMD risk factors. CONCLUSION Milk-derived FFAs could act as sensitive biomarkers for dairy intake and metabolism, allowing the association between dairy and CMD risk to be more precisely evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine J. Li
- grid.4818.50000 0001 0791 5666Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Science, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands ,grid.484687.1 0000 0001 1457 2921Agroscope, Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research (EAER), Federal Office for Agriculture (FOAG), Bern, Switzerland
| | - Elske M. Brouwer-Brolsma
- grid.4818.50000 0001 0791 5666Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Science, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte Fleuti
- grid.484687.1 0000 0001 1457 2921Agroscope, Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research (EAER), Federal Office for Agriculture (FOAG), Bern, Switzerland
| | - René Badertscher
- grid.484687.1 0000 0001 1457 2921Agroscope, Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research (EAER), Federal Office for Agriculture (FOAG), Bern, Switzerland
| | - Guy Vergères
- grid.484687.1 0000 0001 1457 2921Agroscope, Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research (EAER), Federal Office for Agriculture (FOAG), Bern, Switzerland
| | - Edith J. M. Feskens
- grid.4818.50000 0001 0791 5666Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Science, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kathryn J. Burton-Pimentel
- grid.484687.1 0000 0001 1457 2921Agroscope, Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research (EAER), Federal Office for Agriculture (FOAG), Bern, Switzerland
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Lecerf JM. [Nutritional advices for postmenopausal woman. Postmenopausal women management: CNGOF and GEMVi clinical practice guidelines]. GYNECOLOGIE, OBSTETRIQUE, FERTILITE & SENOLOGIE 2021; 49:349-357. [PMID: 33753299 DOI: 10.1016/j.gofs.2021.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Menopause is a key period for health due to physiological changes, particularly of body composition (with decrease of lean mass and increase of fat mass) and of body fat distribution, leading to a higher risk for bone and muscular health and cardiometabolic health. Nutritional advices, associated to physical activity advices, may partially prevent these effects. The energy balance will be moderately negative if there is a weight gain, while the protein intake will be preserved and a regular physical activity will be increased. A Mediterranean style diet will be beneficial on cardiovascular health. Dairy products will be preserved, but restrictive and dietary exclusion will be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-M Lecerf
- Service de nutrition et activité physique, institut Pasteur de Lille, 1, rue du Professeur-Calmette, 59019 Lille cedex, France; Service de médecine interne, CHRU Lille, Lille, France.
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3
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The Sum of Plasma Fatty Acids iso16:0, iso17:0, trans11-18:1, cis9, trans11-CLA, and cis6-18:1 as Biomarker of Dairy Intake Established in an Intervention Study and Validated in the EPIC Cohort of Gipuzkoa. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020702. [PMID: 33671693 PMCID: PMC7926849 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The questioned reliability of 15:0, 17:0, and trans9-16:1 acids as biomarkers of dairy fat intake also questions the relationship between the intake of these products and their health effects. Two studies were conducted in the same geographical region. In an intervention study, volunteers followed a diet rich in dairy products followed by a diet without dairy products. Plasma and erythrocyte fatty acids (FA) were analyzed, and their correlations with dairy product intakes were tested. The FA biomarkers selected were validated in the Gipuzkoa cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) observational study. The correlation coefficients between plasma concentrations of iso16:0, iso17:0, trans11-18:1, cis9, trans11-18:2, and cis6-18:1 and the dairy fat ingested are similar in both studies, indicating that their concentration increases by 0.8 µmol/L per gram of dairy fat ingested. The biomarkers are positively related to plasma triglycerides (r = 0.324 and 0.204 in the intervention and observational studies, respectively) and total cholesterol (r = 0.459 and 0.382), but no correlation was found between the biomarkers and atherogenicity indexes. In conclusion, the sum of the plasma concentration of the selected FAs can be used as biomarkers of dairy product consumption. A linear relationship exists between their plasma concentrations and ruminant product intake. These biomarkers allow for obtaining consistent relationships between dairy intake and plasma biochemical parameters.
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Pranger IG, Joustra ML, Corpeleijn E, Muskiet FAJ, Kema IP, Oude Elferink SJWH, Singh-Povel C, Bakker SJL. Fatty acids as biomarkers of total dairy and dairy fat intakes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 2020; 77:46-63. [PMID: 30307550 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuy048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Context Dairy intake in humans is commonly assessed using questionnaires, but the data collected are often biased. As a result, there is increasing interest in biomarkers of dairy fat. To date, there has been no overview of the fatty acids suitable for use as biomarkers of dairy fat intake. Objective This systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies was performed to identify circulating fatty acids as biomarkers of total dairy and dairy fat intakes in the general population. Data Sources MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Knowledge databases were searched for eligible studies published until June 2017. Study Selection Articles were included when a correlation between circulating dairy fatty acids and intakes of total dairy and dairy fat was found, as measured by dietary assessment tools. Data Extraction Two authors extracted data independently and assessed the risk of bias. An adapted form of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used for quality assessment. Results Data were pooled using the random-effects model. Meta-analysis revealed that the fatty acids in plasma/serum were significantly correlated with intakes of total dairy (C14:0 [r = 0.15; 95%CI, 0.11 - 0.18], C15:0 [r = 0.20; 95%CI, 0.13 - 0.27], and C17:0 [r = 0.10; 95%CI, 0.03 - 0.16] and dairy fat (C14:0 [r = 0.16; 95%CI, 0.10 - 0.22], C15:0 [r = 0.33; 95%CI, 0.27 - 0.39], C17:0 [r = 0.19; 95%CI, 0.14 - 0.25], and trans-C16:1n-7 [r = 0.21; 95%CI, 0.14 - 0.29). Conclusions C14:0, C15:0, C17:0, and trans-C16:1n-7 were identified as biomarkers of total dairy and dairy fat intakes in the general population. In light of the suboptimal measurement techniques used in some studies, correlations with trans-C18:1n-7 and conjugated linoleic acid require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse G Pranger
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Monica L Joustra
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Eva Corpeleijn
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Frits A J Muskiet
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ido P Kema
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Stephan J L Bakker
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Slim M, Ha C, Vanstone CA, Morin SN, Rahme E, Weiler HA. Evaluation of plasma and erythrocyte fatty acids C15:0, t-C16:1n-7 and C17:0 as biomarkers of dairy fat consumption in adolescents. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2019; 149:24-29. [PMID: 31421524 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pentadecanoic (C15:0), heptadecanoic (C17:0) and trans-palmitoleic (t-C16:1n-7) fatty acids (FAs) are often used as biomarkers for dairy fat in adults. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between dairy product intake and these FAs in adolescents. MATERIAL AND METHODS Healthy adolescents were randomized to one of three groups (Group 1: control; Group 2: consume 3 dairy servings/day; and Group 3: consume ≥ 4 servings/d). C15:0, C17:0 and t-C16:1n-7 were quantified using gas chromatography. Dietary intakes were assessed by 24 h diet recalls. RESULTS No difference was observed in FAs at baseline or 6 months (mo), however, at 12 mo, erythrocyte C15:0 increased in group 3 (+0.37 µg/ml, p = 0.01). Dairy intake increased in both intervention groups (Group 2: +1.4 servings/d; Group 3: +2.4 servings/d, p < 0.0001) and positively correlated with erythrocyte C15:0 at 12 mo. CONCLUSION Erythrocyte FAs appear to be associated with increasing dairy intakes during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Slim
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - C Ha
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - C A Vanstone
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - S N Morin
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - E Rahme
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - H A Weiler
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada.
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Restricting Saturated Fat May Not Be Required to Reduce Risk of Cardiovascular Disease. TOP CLIN NUTR 2019. [DOI: 10.1097/tin.0000000000000184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Santaren ID, Bazinet RP, Liu Z, Johnston LW, Sievenpiper JL, Giacca A, Retnakaran R, Harris SB, Zinman B, Hanley AJ. The Distribution of Fatty Acid Biomarkers of Dairy Intake across Serum Lipid Fractions: The Prospective Metabolism and Islet Cell Evaluation (PROMISE) Cohort. Lipids 2019; 54:617-627. [PMID: 31429083 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Circulating fatty acids (FA) derived largely from dairy consumption have most commonly been measured in total human serum or phospholipid (PL) fractions, and have been used as validated biomarkers of dairy intake in a growing number of epidemiological studies. Nevertheless, measurement and characterization of a wider spectrum of FA biomarkers of dairy across the four major serum lipid fractions is lacking. This study aimed to (1) quantify FA biomarkers of dairy in PL, triacylglycerol (TAG), cholesteryl ester (CE), and unesterified fatty acid (FFA) serum lipid fractions; and (2) identify potential demographic and metabolic factors that may modify the proportions of these FA across serum fractions. Baseline data from 444 adults in the PROMISE cohort were analyzed. FA biomarkers, 15:0, t16:1n-7, 18:2-c9,t11, and t18:1n-7 were quantified from serum. Dairy intake was estimated using the validated Canadian Diet History Questionnaire. Our results show that t18:1n-7 was the most abundant FA biomarker in all fractions except CE, where 18:2-c9,t11 was the most abundant. Positive correlations within fractions, and across FA in the PL, CE, and FFA fractions were found, however, TAG FA were negatively correlated with the other fractions. PL and CE FA were positively associated with dairy intake, and negatively associated with markers of dysmetabolism while, in contrast, these markers were predictors of higher TAG dairy FA. This study is the first to demonstrate distinct proportions of dairy FA in different serum lipid fractions. PL and CE FA marked dairy intake in this cohort, while TAG FA appeared to be markers of dysmetabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid D Santaren
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, M5S 1A8, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Richard P Bazinet
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, M5S 1A8, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, M5S 1A8, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Luke W Johnston
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, M5S 1A8, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - John L Sievenpiper
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, M5S 1A8, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, 61 Queen St. East, M5C 2T2, Toronto, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, 209 Victoria St., M5B 1T8, Toronto, Canada.,Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, 61 Queen St. East, M5C 2T2, Toronto, Canada
| | - Adria Giacca
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, M5S 1A8, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ravi Retnakaran
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, M5S 1A8, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes, Mount Sinai Hospital, 60 Murray St., M5B 1W8, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stewart B Harris
- Centre for Studies in Family Medicine, Western Center for Public Health and Family Medicine, Western University, 1465 Richmond St., N6G 2M1, London, ON, Canada
| | - Bernard Zinman
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, M5S 1A8, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes, Mount Sinai Hospital, 60 Murray St., M5B 1W8, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anthony J Hanley
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, M5S 1A8, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes, Mount Sinai Hospital, 60 Murray St., M5B 1W8, Toronto, ON, Canada
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8
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Pranger IG, Muskiet FAJ, Kema IP, Singh-Povel C, Bakker SJL. Potential Biomarkers for Fat from Dairy and Fish and Their Association with Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Cross-sectional Data from the LifeLines Biobank and Cohort Study. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11051099. [PMID: 31108924 PMCID: PMC6566248 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dairy fat intake, reflected by the biomarkers C14:0, C15:0, C17:0, trans-C16:1 (n-7), trans-C18:1 (n-7) and CLA, may have beneficial effects on cardiovascular health. It has, however, been questioned whether this association is genuine, since C15:0 and C17:0 are also biomarkers from fish. We investigated whether the above biomarkers are reliable markers for dairy fat intake in 864 healthy subjects. Subsequently, we explored the association between these biomarkers and cardiovascular risk factors. Intakes of dairy and fish were determined by Food Frequency Questionnaires FFQs. Fatty acids were analyzed in plasma triglycerides (TG) and phospholipids (PL). Median intakes of dairy and fish fat were 12.3 (8.4–17.4) g/day and 1.14 (0.53–1.75) g/day. All fatty acids, except TG C17:0, were associated with dairy fat (std.β range TG: 0.12 for C14:0 till 0.25 for C15:0 and Trans-C18:1 (n-7); and std.β range PL: 0.12 for C17:0 and Trans-C16:1 (n-7) till 0.24 for Trans-C18:1 (n-7) and CLA; p < 0.001). TG C17:0 was associated with fish fat (std.β = 0.08; p = 0.03), whereas PL C17:0 was not. Associations remained after adjustment for fish/dairy fat intake. Strongest inverse associations with biological variables were found with PL C17:0 and Trans-C18:1 (n-7) (Std.βs: waist circumference: −0.18, p < 0.001 and −0.10, p < 0.05; BMI: −0.17, p < 0.001, −0.11, p < 0.01; glucose: −0.10, p <0.01 and −0.08, p <0.05; high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP): −0.22, p < 0.001 and −0.16, p < 0.01; uric acid: −0.27, p < 0.001 and −0.24, p < 0.001). In conclusion, fatty acid biomarkers, except plasma TG C17:0, were associated with dairy fat intake, independent of fish fat intake. PL C17:0 and trans-C18:1 (n-7) were inversely associated with adiposity, diabetes, inflammation and uric acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse G Pranger
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Frits A J Muskiet
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Ido P Kema
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Cécile Singh-Povel
- FrieslandCampina Amersfoort, Stationsplein 4, 3818 LE Amersfoort, The Netherlands.
| | - Stephan J L Bakker
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Verruck S, Balthazar CF, Rocha RS, Silva R, Esmerino EA, Pimentel TC, Freitas MQ, Silva MC, da Cruz AG, Prudencio ES. Dairy foods and positive impact on the consumer's health. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2019; 89:95-164. [PMID: 31351531 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present chapter was to demonstrate the state of the art in the recent advances in nutritional and functional components of dairy products research. In this chapter, the main mechanisms responsible and essential for a better understanding of nutritional and functional values of the components of milk and dairy products are highlighted. It also includes a discussion about the positive impacts of fermented milk, cheese, butter, ice cream, and dairy desserts components on the consumer's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvani Verruck
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | - Ramon Silva Rocha
- Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Faculdade de Veterinária, Niterói, Brazil; Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Departamento de Alimentos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ramon Silva
- Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Faculdade de Veterinária, Niterói, Brazil; Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Departamento de Alimentos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Marcia Cristina Silva
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Departamento de Alimentos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adriano Gomes da Cruz
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Departamento de Alimentos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Elane Schwinden Prudencio
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Florianópolis, Brazil
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Pranger IG, Corpeleijn E, Muskiet FAJ, Kema IP, Singh-Povel C, Bakker SJL. Circulating fatty acids as biomarkers of dairy fat intake: data from the lifelines biobank and cohort study. Biomarkers 2019; 24:360-372. [PMID: 30773031 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2019.1583770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: C14:0, C15:0, C17:0 and trans-C16:1(n-7) are often used as biomarkers for dairy fat intake. Trans-C18:1(n-7) and CLA, two fatty acids which are also present in dairy, have hardly been explored. We investigated whether trans-C18:1(n-7) and CLA can enrich the existing biomarker portfolio. Methods: Data were obtained from Lifelines (n = 769). Dairy fat intake was determined by FFQ. Fatty acids were measured in fasting plasma triglycerides (TG), phospholipids (PL) and cholesterol esters (CE). Results: Median (25th-75th percentile) intakes of dairy and dairy fat were 322(209-447) and 12.3(8.4-17.4) g/d respectively. A pilot study showed that trans-C18:1(n-7) and CLA were only detectable in TG and PL. Of the established markers, TG C15:0 was most strongly associated with dairy fat intake (standardized β (std.β) = 0.286, R2 = 0.111). Of the less established markers, TG trans-C18:1(n-7) was most strongly associated with dairy fat intake (Std.β = 0.292, R2 = 0.115), followed by PL CLA (Std.β = 0.272, R2 = 0.103) and PL trans-C18:1(n-7) (Std.β = 0.269, R2 = 0.099). In TG, a combination of C15:0 and trans-C18:1(n-7) performed best (R2 = 0.128). In PL, a combination of C14:0, C15:0, trans-C18:1(n-7) and CLA performed best (R2 = 0.143). Conclusion: Trans-C18:1(n-7) and CLA can be used as biomarkers of dairy fat intake. Additionally, combining established with less established markers allowed even stronger predictions for dairy fat intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse G Pranger
- a Department of Internal Medicine , University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Eva Corpeleijn
- b Department of Epidemiology , University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Frits A J Muskiet
- c Department of Laboratory Medicine , University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Ido P Kema
- c Department of Laboratory Medicine , University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | | | - Stephan J L Bakker
- a Department of Internal Medicine , University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
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11
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de Oliveira Otto MC, Lemaitre RN, Song X, King IB, Siscovick DS, Mozaffarian D. Serial measures of circulating biomarkers of dairy fat and total and cause-specific mortality in older adults: the Cardiovascular Health Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 108:476-484. [PMID: 30007304 PMCID: PMC6299165 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Controversy has emerged about the benefits compared with harms of dairy fat, including concerns over long-term effects. Previous observational studies have assessed self-reported estimates of consumption or a single biomarker measure at baseline, which may lead to suboptimal estimation of true risk. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate prospective associations of serial measures of plasma phospholipid fatty acids pentadecanoic (15:0), heptadecanoic (17:0), and trans-palmitoleic (trans-16:1n-7) acids with total mortality, cause-specific mortality, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among older adults. Design Among 2907 US adults aged ≥65 y and free of CVD at baseline, circulating fatty acid concentrations were measured serially at baseline, 6 y, and 13 y. Deaths and CVD events were assessed and adjudicated centrally. Prospective associations were assessed by multivariate-adjusted Cox models incorporating time-dependent exposures and covariates. Results During 22 y of follow-up, 2428 deaths occurred, including 833 from CVD, 1595 from non-CVD causes, and 1301 incident CVD events. In multivariable models, circulating pentadecanoic, heptadecanoic, and trans-palmitoleic acids were not significantly associated with total mortality, with extreme-quintile HRs of 1.05 for pentadecanoic (95% CI: 0.91, 1.22), 1.07 for heptadecanoic (95% CI: 0.93, 1.23), and 1.05 for trans-palmitoleic (95% CI: 0.91, 1.20) acids. Circulating heptadecanoic acid was associated with lower CVD mortality (extreme-quintile HR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.61, 0.98), especially stroke mortality, with a 42% lower risk when comparing extreme quintiles of heptadecanoic acid concentrations (HR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.35, 0.97). In contrast, heptadecanoic acid was associated with a higher risk of non-CVD mortality (HR: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.52), which was not clearly related to any single subtype of non-CVD death. No significant associations of pentadecanoic, heptadecanoic, or trans-palmitoleic acids were seen for total incident CVD, coronary heart disease, or stroke. Conclusions Long-term exposure to circulating phospholipid pentadecanoic, heptadecanoic, or trans-palmitoleic acids was not significantly associated with total mortality or incident CVD among older adults. High circulating heptadecanoic acid was inversely associated with CVD and stroke mortality and potentially associated with higher risk of non-CVD death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia C de Oliveira Otto
- Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX,Address correspondence to MCdOO (e-mail: )
| | | | - Xiaoling Song
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Irena B King
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | | | - Dariush Mozaffarian
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA
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Deon V, Del Bo' C, Guaraldi F, Abello F, Belviso S, Porrini M, Riso P, Guardamagna O. Effect of hazelnut on serum lipid profile and fatty acid composition of erythrocyte phospholipids in children and adolescents with primary hyperlipidemia: A randomized controlled trial. Clin Nutr 2018; 37:1193-1201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Dairy is a major food group with potential impact on cardiometabolic health. Self-reported dairy intake has limitations that can partly be avoided by using biomarkers. This review aims to summarize the evidence of odd-chain saturated fatty acids (OCFAs), that is, pentadecanoic acid (C15 : 0) and heptadecanoic acid (17 : 0), as biomarkers of dairy fat intake. In addition, the associations of OCFA biomarkers with cardiometabolic disease will be overviewed. RECENT FINDINGS Adipose tissue 15 : 0 is the preferred biomarker but also circulating 15 : 0, and to a weaker extent 17 : 0, reflects both habitual and changes in dairy intake. Whereas results from studies assessing cardiovascular outcomes are inconsistent, OCFA biomarkers are overall associated with lower diabetes risk. Residual confounding should however be considered until interventional data and mechanisms are available. Although OCFA biomarkers mainly reflect dairy fat intake, recently proposed endogenous synthesis and metabolism do motivate further research. SUMMARY Taking into account the study population diet and limitations of OCFA biomarkers, both adipose and circulating levels of 15 : 0, in particular, are useful for estimating total dairy fat intake. OCFA biomarkers are overall not linked to cardiovascular disease risk, but a possible beneficial role of dairy foods in diabetes prevention warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Risérus
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Albani V, Celis-Morales C, Marsaux CFM, Forster H, O'Donovan CB, Woolhead C, Macready AL, Fallaize R, Navas-Carretero S, San-Cristobal R, Kolossa S, Mavrogianni C, Lambrinou CP, Moschonis G, Godlewska M, Surwiłło A, Gundersen TE, Kaland SE, Manios Y, Traczyk I, Drevon CA, Gibney ER, Walsh MC, Martinez JA, Saris WHM, Daniel H, Lovegrove JA, Gibney MJ, Adamson AJ, Mathers JC, Brennan L. Exploring the association of dairy product intake with the fatty acids C15:0 and C17:0 measured from dried blood spots in a multipopulation cohort: Findings from the Food4Me study. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:834-45. [PMID: 26678873 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The use of biomarkers in the objective assessment of dietary intake is a high priority in nutrition research. The aim of this study was to examine pentadecanoic acid (C15:0) and heptadecanoic acid (C17:0) as biomarkers of dairy foods intake. METHODS AND RESULTS The data used in the present study were obtained as part of the Food4me Study. Estimates of C15:0 and C17:0 from dried blood spots and intakes of dairy from a Food Frequency Questionnaire were obtained from participants (n = 1180) across seven countries. Regression analyses were used to explore associations of biomarkers with dairy intake levels and receiver operating characteristic analyses were used to evaluate the fatty acids. Significant positive associations were found between C15:0 and total intakes of high-fat dairy products. C15:0 showed good ability to distinguish between low and high consumers of high-fat dairy products. CONCLUSION C15:0 can be used as a biomarker of high-fat dairy intake and of specific high-fat dairy products. Both C15:0 and C17:0 performed poorly for total dairy intake highlighting the need for caution when using these in epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Albani
- Human Nutrition Research Centre and Institute for Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Carlos Celis-Morales
- Human Nutrition Research Centre and Institute for Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Cyril F M Marsaux
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre + (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Hannah Forster
- Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Clare B O'Donovan
- Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Clara Woolhead
- Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anna L Macready
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Rosalind Fallaize
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Santiago Navas-Carretero
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (SN-C & JAM), Spain
| | - Rodrigo San-Cristobal
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (SN-C & JAM), Spain
| | - Silvia Kolossa
- ZIEL Research Center of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | | | | | - George Moschonis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | - Yannis Manios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Christian A Drevon
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eileen R Gibney
- Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marianne C Walsh
- Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J Alfredo Martinez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (SN-C & JAM), Spain
| | - Wim H M Saris
- Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hannelore Daniel
- ZIEL Research Center of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Julie A Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Michael J Gibney
- Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ashley J Adamson
- Human Nutrition Research Centre and Institute for Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - John C Mathers
- Human Nutrition Research Centre and Institute for Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- Human Nutrition Research Centre and Institute for Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
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Metabolomics to Explore Impact of Dairy Intake. Nutrients 2015; 7:4875-96. [PMID: 26091233 PMCID: PMC4488821 DOI: 10.3390/nu7064875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dairy products are an important component in the Western diet and represent a valuable source of nutrients for humans. However, a reliable dairy intake assessment in nutrition research is crucial to correctly elucidate the link between dairy intake and human health. Metabolomics is considered a potential tool for assessment of dietary intake instead of traditional methods, such as food frequency questionnaires, food records, and 24-h recalls. Metabolomics has been successfully applied to discriminate between consumption of different dairy products under different experimental conditions. Moreover, potential metabolites related to dairy intake were identified, although these metabolites need to be further validated in other intervention studies before they can be used as valid biomarkers of dairy consumption. Therefore, this review provides an overview of metabolomics for assessment of dairy intake in order to better clarify the role of dairy products in human nutrition and health.
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Weaver CM. Calcium supplementation: is protecting against osteoporosis counter to protecting against cardiovascular disease? Curr Osteoporos Rep 2014; 12:211-8. [PMID: 24671370 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-014-0208-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Calcium is the dominant mineral in bone and is a shortfall nutrient in the diet. For those consuming inadequate dietary calcium, calcium supplements have been a standard strategy for prevention of osteoporosis. Recently, calcium supplementation has been linked to both increased and decreased cardiovascular disease risk creating considerable uncertainty. Moreover, recent reports have shed uncertainty over the effectiveness of calcium supplements to reduce risk of fracture. The evidence for calcium supplementation effects to both reduce risk of fracture and increase coronary heart disease and mortality are reviewed. Although the importance of good calcium nutrition is well known, determining the advantage of calcium supplementation to either bone or heart health has been hampered by poor subject compliance and study design flaws. At present, the current Recommended Dietary Allowances for calcium still appear to be a good target with potential risks for chronic disease if intakes fall too short or greatly exceed these recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie M Weaver
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, 700 W State Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA,
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18
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Benatar JR, Stewart RAH. The effects of changing dairy intake on trans and saturated fatty acid levels- results from a randomized controlled study. Nutr J 2014; 13:32. [PMID: 24708591 PMCID: PMC3977898 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-13-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dairy food is an important natural source of saturated and trans fatty acids in the human diet. This study evaluates the effect of dietary advice to change dairy food intake on plasma fatty acid levels known to be present in milk in healthy volunteers. Methods Twenty one samples of whole fat dairy milk were analyzed for fatty acids levels. Changes in levels of plasma phospholipid levels were evaluated in 180 healthy volunteers randomized to increase, not change or reduce dairy intake for one month. Fatty acids were measured by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and levels are normalized to d-4 alanine. Results The long chain fatty acids palmitic (13.4%), stearic (16.7%) and myristic (18.9%) acid were most common saturated fats in milk. Four trans fatty acids constituted 3.7% of the total milk fat content. Increased dairy food intake by 3.0 (± 1.2) serves/ day for 1 month was associated with small increases in plasma levels of myristic (+0.05, 95% confidence level-0.08 to 0.13, p = 0.07), pentadecanoic (+0.014, 95% confidence level -0.016 to 0.048, p = 0.02) and margaric acid (+0.02, -0.03 to 0.05, p = 0.03). There was no significant change in plasma levels of 4 saturated, 4 trans and 10 unsaturated fatty acids. Decreasing dairy food intake by 2.5 (± 1.2) serves per day was not associated with change in levels of any plasma fatty acid levels. Conclusion Dietary advice to change dairy food has a minor effect on plasma fatty acid levels. Trial registration ACTRN12612000574842.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyne R Benatar
- Green Lane Cardiovascular Service, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Abstract
The consumption of dairy, including milk, cheese and yogurt, has been associated with better quality of diet and reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death globally. The purpose of this review is to examine recent literature on the relationship between dairy consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality. Eighteen observational studies were reviewed, the results of which indicate that total dairy intake does not contribute to cardiovascular disease incidence or death. Based on available data, it appears that milk, cheese, and yogurt are inversely associated with cardiovascular disease risk. Data pertaining to dairy fat were inconclusive, but point to a potential protective effect of full-fat milk, cheese, and yogurt on risk of cardiovascular disease. Currently, there is a need to study specific well-defined foods, as opposed to calculating nutrients, in order to better understand these relationships. Future research need not replicate the body of literature on total dairy consumption and associated risk of disease, but rather should focus on the effects of individual dairy foods on cardiovascular events in male and female populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth H. Rice
- Dairy Research Institute, 10255 West Higgins Road, Suite 900, Rosemont, IL 60018-5616 USA
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Visioli F, Strata A. Milk, dairy products, and their functional effects in humans: a narrative review of recent evidence. Adv Nutr 2014; 5:131-43. [PMID: 24618755 PMCID: PMC3951796 DOI: 10.3945/an.113.005025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk is a widely consumed beverage that is essential to the diet of several millions of people worldwide because it provides important macro- and micronutrients. Milk is recognized as being useful during childhood and adolescence because of its composition; however, its relatively high saturated fat proportion raises issues of potential detrimental effects, namely on the cardiovascular system. This review evaluates the most recent literature on dairy and human health, framed within epidemiologic, experimental, and biochemical evidence. As an example, the effects of milk (notably skimmed milk) on body weight appear to be well documented, and the conclusions of the vast majority of published studies indicate that dairy consumption does not increase cardiovascular risk or the incidence of some cancers. Even though the available evidence is not conclusive, some studies suggest that milk and its derivatives might actually be beneficial to some population segments. Although future studies will help elucidate the role of milk and dairy products in human health, their use within a balanced diet should be considered in the absence of clear contraindications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Visioli
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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Lower resting and total energy expenditure in postmenopausal compared with premenopausal women matched for abdominal obesity. J Nutr Sci 2014; 3:e3. [PMID: 25191611 PMCID: PMC4153012 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2013.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The menopause is accompanied by increased risk of obesity, altered body fat distribution and decreased skeletal muscle mass. The resulting decrease in RMR should be accompanied by a compensatory change in energy balance to avoid weight gain. We aimed to investigate habitual energy intake and expenditure in pre- and postmenopausal women matched for abdominal obesity. We recruited fifty-one healthy Caucasian women, BMI > 18·5 and <35 kg/m(2), aged 35-45 years (premenopausal, n 26) and 55-65 years (postmenopausal, n 25). Energy intake was measured using 3 d diet diaries and dietary fat quality assessed using adipose tissue fatty acid biomarkers. RMR was measured using indirect calorimetry, and total energy expenditure (TEE) and activity energy expenditure using a combined accelerometer and heart rate monitor. Postmenopausal women had lower RMR and TEE and spent significantly less time undertaking moderate exercise than premenopausal women. Postmenopausal women had a tendency for a lower energy intake, and a similar macronutrient intake but a significantly lower adipose tissue n-6:n-3 ratio (24·6 (se 1·6) v. 37·7 (se 3·1); P < 0·001). The main lifestyle determinant of bone mineral density (which was significantly lower in postmenopausal women) was TEE for premenopausal women, and dietary n-6:n-3 ratio for postmenopausal women. The present results suggest that weight maintenance is achieved in the post- compared with premenopausal status through a combination of reduced energy intake and reduced TEE in a regimen that compromises micronutrient intake and has a negative impact on lean tissue mass. However, lower n-6:n-3 fatty acid intake in postmenopausal women is associated with greater bone mineral density.
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Zong G, Sun Q, Yu D, Zhu J, Sun L, Ye X, Li H, Jin Q, Zheng H, Hu FB, Lin X. Dairy consumption, type 2 diabetes, and changes in cardiometabolic traits: a prospective cohort study of middle-aged and older Chinese in Beijing and Shanghai. Diabetes Care 2014; 37:56-63. [PMID: 24026553 DOI: 10.2337/dc13-0975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To prospectively investigate associations of dairy consumption with risk of type 2 diabetes and changes of cardiometabolic traits. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In 2005, 2,091 middle-aged and older Chinese men and women were recruited and followed for 6 years. Baseline dairy consumption was assessed by a 74-item food frequency questionnaire. Erythrocyte fatty acids were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with flame ion detector. Cardiometabolic traits were measured at both baseline and follow-up visits. RESULTS Only 1,202 (57.5%) participants reported any dairy consumption, with a median intake of 0.89 (interquartile range 0.19-1.03) serving/day. Compared with nonconsumers, the relative risks (RRs) of type 2 diabetes among those having 0.5-1 serving/day and >1 serving/day were 0.70 (95% CI 0.55-0.88) and 0.65 (0.49-0.85), respectively, after multivariate adjustment (Ptrend < 0.001), which were attenuated by further adjusting for changes in glucose during follow-up (Ptrend = 0.07). Total dairy consumption was associated with favorable changes in glucose, waist circumference, BMI, diastolic blood pressure (all Ptrend < 0.05), and systolic blood pressure (Ptrend = 0.05) after multivariate adjustment, including baseline values of dependent variables. Erythrocyte trans-18:1 isomers were significantly correlated with total dairy consumption (rs = 0.37, Ptrend < 0.001), and these dairy food biomarkers were associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes. The RR of type 2 diabetes comparing extreme quartiles of trans-18:1 isomers was 0.82 (0.65-1.04, Ptrend = 0.02), which was attenuated after adjustment for dairy consumption (Ptrend = 0.15). CONCLUSIONS Dairy consumption was associated with a significantly lower risk of type 2 diabetes and favorable changes of cardiometabolic traits in Chinese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Djoussé
- Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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de Oliveira Otto MC, Nettleton JA, Lemaitre RN, Steffen LM, Kromhout D, Rich SS, Tsai MY, Jacobs DR, Mozaffarian D. Biomarkers of dairy fatty acids and risk of cardiovascular disease in the Multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. J Am Heart Assoc 2013; 2:e000092. [PMID: 23868191 PMCID: PMC3828802 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.113.000092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence regarding the role of dairy fat intake in cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been mixed and inconclusive. Most earlier studies have used self-reported measures of dietary intake and focused on relatively racially homogeneous populations. Circulating biomarkers of dairy fat in a multiethnic cohort provide objective measures of dairy fat intake and facilitate conclusions relevant to populations with different diets and susceptibility to CVD. METHODS AND RESULTS In a multiethnic cohort of 2837 US adults aged 45 to 84 years at baseline (2000-2002), phospholipid fatty acids including 15:0, 14:0, and trans-16:1n7 were measured using standardized methods, and the incidence of CVD prospectively adjudicated. Self-reported whole-fat dairy and butter intakes had strongest associations with 15:0, rather than 14:0 or trans-16:1n7. In multivariate models including demographics and lifestyle and dietary habits, each SD-unit of 15:0 was associated with 19% lower CVD risk (hazard ratio [95% CI] 0.81 [0.68 to 0.98]) and 26% lower coronary heart disease (CHD) risk (0.74 [0.60 to 0.92]). Associations were strengthened after mutual adjustment for 14:0 and trans-16:1n-7 and were similar after adjustment for potential mediators. Plasma phospholipid 14:0 and trans-16:1n-7 were not significantly associated with incident CVD or CHD. All findings were similar in white, black, Hispanic, and Chinese American participants. CONCLUSION Plasma phospholipid 15:0, a biomarker of dairy fat, was inversely associated with incident CVD and CHD, while no association was found with phospholipid 14:0 and trans-16:1n-7. These findings support the need for further investigation of CVD effects of dairy fat, dairy-specific fatty acids, and dairy products in general.
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Rice BH, Quann EE, Miller GD. Meeting and exceeding dairy recommendations: effects of dairy consumption on nutrient intakes and risk of chronic disease. Nutr Rev 2013; 71:209-23. [PMID: 23550782 PMCID: PMC3644863 DOI: 10.1111/nure.12007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans indicate the US population is experiencing an epidemic of overweight and obesity while maintaining a nutrient-poor, energy-dense diet associated with an increased risk of osteoarthritis, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes. To build upon the review of published research in the Report of the Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010, this article aims to review the scientific literature pertaining to the consumption of dairy foods and the effects of dairy consumption on nutrient intakes and chronic disease risk published between June 2010, when the report was released, and September 2011. PubMed was searched for articles using the following key words: dairy, milk, nutrient intake, bone health, body composition, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and blood pressure. Evidence indicates that increasing dairy consumption to the recommended amount, i.e., three servings daily for individuals ≥9 years of age, helps close gaps between current nutrient intakes and recommendations. Consuming more than three servings of dairy per day leads to better nutrient status and improved bone health and is associated with lower blood pressure and reduced risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth H Rice
- Dairy Research Institute, Rosemont, Illinois 60018-5616, USA.
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