1
|
Park S, Shimokawa I. Influence of Adipokines on Metabolic Dysfunction and Aging. Biomedicines 2024; 12:873. [PMID: 38672227 PMCID: PMC11048512 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, 30% of the global population is overweight or obese, with projections from the World Obesity Federation suggesting that this figure will surpass 50% by 2035. Adipose tissue dysfunction, a primary characteristic of obesity, is closely associated with an increased risk of metabolic abnormalities, such as hypertension, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia, collectively termed metabolic syndrome. In particular, visceral fat accretion is considered as a hallmark of aging and is strongly linked to higher mortality rates in humans. Adipokines, bioactive peptides secreted by adipose tissue, play crucial roles in regulating appetite, satiety, adiposity, and metabolic balance, thereby rendering them key players in alleviating metabolic diseases and potentially extending health span. In this review, we elucidated the role of adipokines in the development of obesity and related metabolic disorders while also exploring the potential of certain adipokines as candidates for longevity interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seongjoon Park
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan;
| | - Isao Shimokawa
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan;
- SAGL, Limited Liability Company, 1-4-34, Kusagae, Chuo-ku, Fukuoka 810-0045, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Christen T, de Mutsert R, Smit RA, Willems van Dijk K, Lamb HJ, Rosendaal FR, Jukema JW, Trompet S. The association between leptin and subclinical cardiovascular disease explained by body fat: Observational and Mendelian randomization analyses. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 33:1077-1086. [PMID: 36958975 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Leptin has been associated with adverse effects on cardiovascular disease, but the effect of confounding by body fat in these associations remains unclear. To investigate associations between leptin and heart function and subclinical cardiovascular disease adjusted for total body fat, and to investigate the causal relation between leptin and cardiovascular disease using Mendelian randomisation. METHODS AND RESULTS Leptin concentrations, total body fat and diverse measures of subclinical cardiovascular disease were determined in participants of the Netherlands Epidemiology of Obesity study. Linear regression between leptin concentration and measures of heart function, ECG measures, and carotid intima media thickness as a measure of subclinical atherosclerosis was adjusted for potential confounding factors, and additionally including total body fat. We analysed the combined effects of genetic variants from a GWAS on leptin concentrations in publicly-available summary statistics of coronary heart disease GWAS (CARDIoGRAMplusC4D, n = 184,305). As many as 6107 men and women, mean (SD) age 56 (6) years, BMI 26 (4) kg/m2, and median leptin concentration 12.1 μg (IQR: 6.7-22.6) were included. In observational analyses, leptin was weakly associated with heart function and subclinical cardiovascular disease, but these associations attenuated when adjusting for total body fat. A doubling of genetically-determined leptin concentration was associated with an odds ratio of cardiovascular disease of 0.69 (0.37, 1.27). CONCLUSION Observational associations between leptin and subclinical measures of cardiovascular disease were largely explained by differences in total body fat. Results of analyses of genetically-determined leptin and coronary heart disease risk were inconclusive due to a large confidence interval.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Christen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Renée de Mutsert
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Roelof Aj Smit
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ko Willems van Dijk
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, LUMC, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, LUMC, Leiden, the Netherlands; Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, LUMC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hildo J Lamb
- Department of Radiology, LUMC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Frits R Rosendaal
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Stella Trompet
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, LUMC, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Han W, Yang S, Xiao H, Wang M, Ye J, Cao L, Sun G. Role of Adiponectin in Cardiovascular Diseases Related to Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:15627. [PMID: 36555264 PMCID: PMC9779180 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle changes have led to increased incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD); therefore, potential targets against CVD should be explored to mitigate its risks. Adiponectin (APN), an adipokine secreted by adipose tissue, has numerous beneficial effects against CVD related to glucose and lipid metabolism disorders, including regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, increasing insulin sensitivity, reduction of oxidative stress and inflammation, protection of myocardial cells, and improvement in endothelial cell function. These effects demonstrate the anti-atherosclerotic and antihypertensive properties of APN, which could aid in improving myocardial hypertrophy, and reducing myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury and myocardial infarction. APN can also be used for diagnosing and predicting heart failure. This review summarizes and discusses the role of APN in the treatment of CVD related to glucose and lipid metabolism disorders, and explores future APN research directions and clinical application prospects. Future studies should elucidate the signaling pathway network of APN cardiovascular protective effects, which will facilitate clinical trials targeting APN for CVD treatment in a clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmacovigilance, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuxian Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmacovigilance, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haiyan Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmacovigilance, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Min Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmacovigilance, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingxue Ye
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmacovigilance, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Li Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmacovigilance, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guibo Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmacovigilance, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kollari E, Zografou I, Sampanis C, Athyros VG, Didangelos T, Mantzoros CS, Karagiannis A. Serum adipokine levels in patients with type 1 diabetes are associated with degree of obesity but only resistin is independently associated with atherosclerosis markers. Hormones (Athens) 2022; 21:91-101. [PMID: 34716910 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-021-00328-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The role of adipokines in causing inflammation and insulin resistance in normal weight and obese patients is generally well studied. However, there are often conflicting results regarding their levels in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients and their relationship to micro- and macrovascular disease. We therefore investigated which serum adipokine levels are independently associated with markers of early atherosclerosis and microvascular complications in patients with T1DM. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed in the Diabetes Outpatient Clinic of Hippokrateion General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece. Sixty T1DM patients (30 females, mean age 38.8 ± 10.6 years, mean diabetes duration 17.4 ± 9.9 years) were included. Plasma adiponectin, leptin, and resistin, carotid artery intima media thickness (cIMT), and arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity, PWV/SpygmoCor CP System and Mobil-O-Graph 24 h PWA) were assessed. RESULTS Leptin and resistin levels were significantly higher in overweight and obese patients (p = 0.002 and p = 0.039, respectively). Adiponectin was the only adipokine negatively correlated with BMI (rs = - 0.41, p = 0.001). We report a bivariate association between serum adiponectin levels and retinopathy (p = 0.007). Resistin was the only adipokine that showed significant correlation with systolic (rs = 0.42, p = 0.001) and diastolic (rs = 0.29, p = 0.024) hypertension and PWV (p = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS Serum adipokine levels demonstrate similar bivariate associations with anthropometric variables in patients with T1DM to those in normal weight subjects. Although microvascular complications are associated with serum adipokine levels by bivariate analysis, only resistin, an inflammatory marker, is independently associated with arterial stiffness in patients with T1DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erieta Kollari
- 2nd Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University, Konstantinoupoleos 49, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Ioanna Zografou
- 2nd Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University, Konstantinoupoleos 49, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christos Sampanis
- 2nd Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University, Konstantinoupoleos 49, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vasilios G Athyros
- 2nd Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University, Konstantinoupoleos 49, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Asterios Karagiannis
- 2nd Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University, Konstantinoupoleos 49, Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Frischmuth T, Hindberg K, Aukrust P, Ueland T, Brækkan SK, Hansen JB, Morelli VM. Plasma Levels of Leptin and Risk of Future Incident Venous Thromboembolism. Thromb Haemost 2021; 122:560-569. [PMID: 34264516 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1732295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating levels of leptin, an adipocyte-derived hormone, are frequently elevated in obesity. Leptin has been reported to upregulate prothrombotic hemostatic factors in vitro and could potentially mediate venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk in obesity. However, whether leptin is associated with VTE remains uncertain. OBJECTIVE This article investigates the association between plasma leptin and risk of incident VTE, and the potential of leptin to mediate VTE risk in obesity. METHODS A population-based nested case-control study with 416 VTE cases and 848 age- and sex-matched controls was derived from the Tromsø Study. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for VTE across leptin quartiles. Analyses were performed separately in men and women using sex-specific quartile cut-offs determined in controls. RESULTS In the age-adjusted model, the VTE risk increased across leptin quartiles, particularly in men. Compared with the lowest quartile, the ORs for VTE in the highest quartile were 1.70 (95% CI 1.04-2.79) in men and 1.36 (95% CI 0.85-2.17) in women. However, with additional adjustment for body mass index (BMI), risk estimates were markedly attenuated in men (OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.55-1.93) and women (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.45-1.48). The ORs for VTE were increased in obese men and women (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) and were only marginally affected after adjustment for leptin. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that the apparent association between plasma leptin levels and VTE risk is confounded by BMI and that leptin is not a relevant mediator for VTE risk in obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Frischmuth
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Thrombosis Research Center, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kristian Hindberg
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Thrombosis Research Center, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Thrombosis Research Center, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thor Ueland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Thrombosis Research Center, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sigrid K Brækkan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Thrombosis Research Center, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - John-Bjarne Hansen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Thrombosis Research Center, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Vânia M Morelli
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Thrombosis Research Center, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhu D, Xu Z, Liu T, Li Y. Soluble P-selectin levels in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2021; 278:4633-4644. [PMID: 33950356 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-021-06831-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease, stroke, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and venous thromboembolism. Elevated soluble P-selectin (sP-selectin) levels are also associated with increased risk of above diseases. But whether sP-selectin levels in OSA patients are higher than their counterparts remain unclear, since previous studies yielded inconsistent results. Therefore, a meta-analysis is warranted. METHODS PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched for eligible studies. Studies were included if they reported sP-selectin levels of both OSA patients and non-OSA controls. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to determine the effect sizes. RESULTS Nine eligible studies were finally evaluated. When all the studies were pooled, sP-selectin levels in OSA patients were significantly higher than that in controls (SMD = 0.54, 95% CI 0.29-0.78, I2 = 66%, p < 0.0001). In the subgroup analysis based on BMI matched groups, sP-selectin levels were significantly higher in OSA patients than that in controls (SMD = 0.52, 95% CI 0.27-0.76, I2 = 23%, p < 0.0001). In the subgroup analysis stratified by blood source, either serum sP-selectin levels or plasma sP-selectin levels in OSA patients were higher than that in controls. Moderate-to-severe OSA patients had significant higher sP-selectin levels (SMD = 0.80, 95% CI 0.45-1.15, I2 = 67%, p < 0.00001), while mild OSA patients showed no significant difference with controls. CONCLUSION The pooled results reveal that OSA patients have higher sP-selectin levels than non-OSA controls. This conclusion remains unaltered in all subgroups other than the subgroup of mild OSA patients. Additional studies are warranted to better identify the role of sP-selectin as a potential biomarker in OSA patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ding Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310022, China.,Respiratory Group, Department of Endoscopy, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310022, China.,Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Zhibo Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310005, China
| | - Yaqing Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310022, China. .,Respiratory Group, Department of Endoscopy, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310022, China. .,Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310000, China. .,, 1 Banshan East Road, Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Christou KA, Christou GA, Karamoutsios A, Vartholomatos G, Gartzonika K, Tsatsoulis A, Tigas S. The regulation of serum resistin levels in metabolically healthy and unhealthy obese individuals. Hormones (Athens) 2020; 19:523-529. [PMID: 32328905 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-020-00201-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We have recently demonstrated that absolute counts of circulating proinflammatory monocytes were lower in obese patients without metabolic syndrome (MS) (metabolically healthy obese, MHO) compared with those with MS (metabolically unhealthy obese, MUO), but higher compared with healthy lean controls (MHL). We hypothesized that circulating resistin, a cytokine secreted by white blood cells (WBC), is involved in obesity-related low-grade inflammation. The aim of this study was to (a) determine serum resistin levels among MUO and MHO subjects and (b) investigate the role of circulating WBC subsets as potential determinants of resistin. METHODS Study participants were 58 obese (33 MUO, 25 MHO) and 25 MHL individuals. Serum levels of resistin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and absolute counts of circulating WBC subpopulations were determined. Comparisons were sex- and age-adjusted. RESULTS Serum resistin levels in MHL were lower compared with those of obese (p = 0.041), but similar to those of MHO (p = 0.856) individuals. Both resistin (p = 0.005) and absolute neutrophil count (NeuA) (p = 0.025) were higher in MUO compared with MHO. The difference in resistin levels between obese and MHL individuals disappeared after adjustment for NeuA. Resistin correlated positively with absolute total monocyte count (p = 0.037) in MHL and with body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.023), hsCRP (p = 0.022), and NeuA (p = 0.044) in obese subjects. Resistin association with ΒΜΙ disappeared after adjustment for hsCRP, while association with hsCRP disappeared after further adjustment for NeuA. CONCLUSION Circulating resistin was higher in MUO compared with MHO. The increased secretion of resistin by the greater number of neutrophils in the former may have contributed to this regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Georgios A Christou
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Achilleas Karamoutsios
- Laboratory of Haematology, Molecular Biology Unit, Ioannina University Hospital, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Georgios Vartholomatos
- Laboratory of Haematology, Molecular Biology Unit, Ioannina University Hospital, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Konstantina Gartzonika
- Laboratory of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | | | - Stelios Tigas
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Does adiponectin play a role in the pathogenesis of chronic spontaneous urticaria? Cent Eur J Immunol 2020; 45:56-59. [PMID: 32425680 PMCID: PMC7226560 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2020.94678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chronic spontaneous urticaria constitutes an interdisciplinary problem and its pathogenesis is still a subject of debate. Overweight and hyperlipidemia are supposed to be related to chronic spontaneous urticaria. Fatty tissue can be the source of adipokines. Aim of the study To assess the potential role of adiponectin in chronic spontaneous urticaria pathogenesis. Material and methods The study included 52 chronic spontaneous urticaria patients and 43 healthy controls. The patients were divided into two subgroups: patients with wheals only, and patients with urticaria and an accompanying angioedema. The adiponectin concentration was measured in all studied subjects. Results No statistically significant difference in adiponectin level was determined between the studied groups and subgroups. Conclusions We are among the first to present the results of study to determine a possible role of adipokines in chronic spontaneous urticaria pathogenesis. We did not observe any difference in adiponectin level. In our opinion, it is necessary to conduct further analyses in this field.
Collapse
|
9
|
Zorena K, Jachimowicz-Duda O, Ślęzak D, Robakowska M, Mrugacz M. Adipokines and Obesity. Potential Link to Metabolic Disorders and Chronic Complications. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3570. [PMID: 32443588 PMCID: PMC7278967 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) has recognized obesity as one of the top ten threats to human health. It is estimated that the number of obese and overweight people worldwide exceeds the number of those who are undernourished. Obesity is not only a state of abnormally increased adipose tissue in the body, but also of increased release of biologically active adipokines. Adipokines released into the circulating blood, due to their specific receptors on the surface of target cells, act as classic hormones affecting the metabolism of tissues and organs. What is more, adipokines and cytokines may decrease the insulin sensitivity of tissues and induce inflammation and development of chronic complications. Certainly, it can be stated that in an era of a global obesity pandemic, adipokines may gain more and more importance as regards their use in the diagnostic evaluation and treatment of diseases. An extensive search for materials on the role of white, brown and perivascular fatty tissue and obesity-related metabolic and chronic complications was conducted online using PubMed, the Cochrane database and Embase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Zorena
- Department of Immunobiology and Environment Microbiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Olga Jachimowicz-Duda
- Independent Public Specialized Health Care Center in Lębork, Department of Internal Diseases, Węgrzynowicza 13, 84-300 Lębork, Poland;
| | - Daniel Ślęzak
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdańsk, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Marlena Robakowska
- Department of Public Health & Social Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Zwycięctwa 42a, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Mrugacz
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Rehabilitation, Medical University of Bialystok, Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Białystok, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Adiponectin is the most important adipokine secreted by the adipose tissue. It carries out an important role in setting up the metabolism and improving the function of various organs. Adiponectin in the kidneys prevents degradation of the renal arteries, reduces protein excretion, and improves filtration. This role is accomplished by regulating anabolic pathways and reducing oxidative stress in the renal tissue. This hormone in the liver prevents the accumulation of fat and free radicals that cause damage to liver cells and tissue. This adipokine, by preventing inflammatory processes, oxidative stress, obesity and insulin resistance, improves vascular function and prevents the development of atherosclerosis. It seems that adiponectin can also be a therapeutic target for many metabolic diseases. This study aims to clarify the adipose tissue discharge. Here, the diverse physiological actions of adiponectin were reviewed to provide an overview of its therapeutic potential in different metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Esmaili
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - M Hemmati
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - M Karamian
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bukhari IA, Habib SS, Alnahedh A, Almutairi F, Alkahtani L, Alareek LA, Assiri GA. Relationship of Body Adiposity with Platelet Function in Obese and Non-obese Individuals. Cureus 2020; 12:e6815. [PMID: 32133271 PMCID: PMC7049893 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.6815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adiposity is firmly linked to a higher incidence of various cardiovascular and metabolic morbidities, including diabetes, hypertension, and thromboembolism. This research study was aimed to verify the association of increased adiposity and hyperreactivity of platelets in obese and non-obese individuals. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on 42 subjects aged 18 years and above. Subjects were divided into obese and non-obese groups based on their body mass index (BMI). The data was collected through self-administered questionnaires. All participants underwent body composition analysis. Blood samples were collected from all subjects and taken to the Pharmacology Department for the preparation of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and poor platelet plasma (PPP). Platelet aggregation was induced by arachidonic acid and was monitored with a Bio/Data multichannel aggregation profiler (Bio/Data Corp., Horsham, PA, USA). Results Significant differences were observed in most parameters, such as fat mass, body fat percentage, free fat mass (FFM), the percentage of trunk fat, total body water, waist-hip ratio (WHR), and basal metabolic rate (BMR) of obese and non-obese subjects. The average percent of platelet aggregation in obese and non-obese subjects was 56.33 ± 15.62 and 59.38 ± 12.62, respectively. The average area under the curve (AUC) for platelet aggregation for both groups was 339.33 ± 191.55 and 342 ± 146.68, respectively. Platelet function was not significantly different and didn’t positively correlate with most parameters of the body composition, except WHR, which positively correlated with AUC for platelet function. Conclusion There was no significant direct correlation between adiposity and platelet activation in obese subjects. However, a significant positive correlation of AUC for platelet aggregation with WHR was observed (resistance (r)-value: 0.307, p < 0.05). These findings suggest that WHR could be an effective determinant to assess the risk of thromboembolism in obese individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ishfaq A Bukhari
- Pharmacology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Syed S Habib
- Physiology Department, College of Medicine and King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Alaa Alnahedh
- Pharmacology Section, College of Medicine and King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Futoon Almutairi
- Pharmacology Section, College of Medicine and King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Lama Alkahtani
- Pharmacology Section, College of Medicine and King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Latefa A Alareek
- Pharmacology Section, College of Medicine and King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Ghadah A Assiri
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAU
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Buis DTP, Christen T, Smit RAJ, de Mutsert R, Jukema JW, Cannegieter SC, Lijfering WM, Rosendaal FR. The association between leptin concentration and blood coagulation: Results from the NEO study. Thromb Res 2020; 188:44-48. [PMID: 32050106 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adipocyte-derived hormone leptin has been associated with altered blood coagulation in in vitro studies. However, it is unclear whether this association is relevant in vivo and to what extent this association is influenced by total body fat. Therefore, we aimed to examine the association between serum leptin and blood coagulation while taking total body fat into account in a population-based cohort study. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional analysis with baseline measurements of 5797 participants of the Netherlands Epidemiology of Obesity (NEO) study, a population-based cohort of middle-aged men and women. We examined associations between serum leptin concentration and coagulation factor concentrations and parameters of platelet activation in linear regression analyses. All analyses were adjusted for multiple covariates, including total body fat. RESULTS In multivariable adjusted analyses a 1 μg/L higher serum leptin concentration was associated with a 0.22 IU/dL (95% CI: 0.11, 0.32) higher FVIII concentration and a 0.20 IU/dL (95% CI: 0.14, 0.27) higher FIX concentration (3.5 IU/dL FVIII and 3.2 IU/dL FIX per SD leptin). Serum leptin concentration was not associated with FXI, fibrinogen, platelet count, mean platelet volume and platelet distribution width in multivariable adjusted analyses. DISCUSSION This study showed that serum leptin concentration was associated with higher concentrations of FVIII and FIX in an observational study, which could be clinically relevant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D T P Buis
- Clinical Epidemiology, C7-P, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - T Christen
- Clinical Epidemiology, C7-P, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - R A J Smit
- Clinical Epidemiology, C7-P, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - R de Mutsert
- Clinical Epidemiology, C7-P, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - J W Jukema
- Clinical Epidemiology, C7-P, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - S C Cannegieter
- Clinical Epidemiology, C7-P, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - W M Lijfering
- Clinical Epidemiology, C7-P, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - F R Rosendaal
- Clinical Epidemiology, C7-P, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
da Silva MR, Waclawovsky G, Perin L, Camboim I, Eibel B, Lehnen AM. Effects of high-intensity interval training on endothelial function, lipid profile, body composition and physical fitness in normal-weight and overweight-obese adolescents: A clinical trial. Physiol Behav 2019; 213:112728. [PMID: 31676260 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Endothelium-aggressive factors are associated with the development of atherosclerosis. Exercise training can either prevent or attenuate this process, but little is known about the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in adolescents. Thus, we assessed the effects of HIIT on endothelial function, lipid profile, body composition and physical fitness in normal-weight and overweight-obese adolescents. Thirty-eight participants aged 14-17 years who were physically inactive (IPAq) were divided in two groups: normal weight (NW, n = 13) and overweight-obese (OW, n = 25). Body composition, lipid profile, physical fitness and endothelial function (flow-mediated dilation, FMD) were assessed before and after undergoing the study protocol consisting of 12-week HIIT (∼15 min) + sport activities (30 min, 3×/week) + no diet. The differences were tested by GEE, Bonferroni post-hoc, p < 0.05. There were no changes in body composition after training period, but the OW group showed a reduction in waist (4.8 cm; p = 0.044) and abdominal circumference (3.7 cm; p = 0.049). We found improved physical fitness (cardiorespiratory endurance, explosive strength, abdominal muscle endurance and flexibility) in both groups. Lower endothelial function was found in the OW compared to NW (p = 0.042) at baseline. FMD increased (p < 0.001) in both groups from baseline (NW Δ4.1%; Cohen's effect size 0.64; OW Δ4.5%; Cohen's effect size 0.73) with no significant difference between the groups. In conclusion, a HIIT program even without any dietary changes can improve physical fitness and endothelial function among adolescents. These findings are clinically relevant because they support a reduction in endothelial damage that precedes the development of atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcondes Ramos da Silva
- Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul/Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia, Av. Princesa Isabel, 395, Santana, 90620-001 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Waclawovsky
- Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul/Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia, Av. Princesa Isabel, 395, Santana, 90620-001 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lisiane Perin
- Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul/Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia, Av. Princesa Isabel, 395, Santana, 90620-001 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Isadora Camboim
- Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul/Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia, Av. Princesa Isabel, 395, Santana, 90620-001 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bruna Eibel
- Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul/Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia, Av. Princesa Isabel, 395, Santana, 90620-001 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Machado Lehnen
- Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul/Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia, Av. Princesa Isabel, 395, Santana, 90620-001 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
GPVI surface expression and signalling pathway activation are increased in platelets from obese patients: Elucidating potential anti-atherothrombotic targets in obesity. Atherosclerosis 2019; 281:62-70. [PMID: 30658193 PMCID: PMC6403451 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Platelets play a fundamental role in the increased atherothrombotic risk related to central obesity since they show hyperactivation and lower sensitivity to antiplatelet therapy in obese patients. The main goal of this study was to identify platelet biomarkers related to the risk of atherothrombosis in obese patients, confirm platelet activation levels in these patients, and identify altered activation pathways. METHODS Platelets were obtained from cohorts of obese patients and age- and sex-matched lean controls. Biochemical and proteome analyses were done by two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE), mass spectrometry, and immunoblotting. Functional and mechanistic studies were conducted with aggregation assays and flow cytometry. RESULTS We confirmed an up-regulation of αIIb and fibrinogen isoforms in platelets from obese patients. A complementary platelet aggregation approach showed platelets from obese patients are hyper-reactive in response to collagen and collagen-related peptide (CRP), revealing the collagen receptor Glycoprotein VI (GPVI) signalling as one of the altered pathways. We also found the active form of Src (pTyr418) is up-regulated in platelets from obese individuals, which links proteomics to aggregation data. Moreover, we showed that CRP-activated platelets present higher levels of tyrosine phosphorylated PLCγ2 in obese patients, confirming alterations in GPVI signalling. In line with the above, flow cytometry studies show higher surface expression levels of total GPVI and GPVI-dimer in obese platelets, both correlating with BMI. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a higher activation state of SFKs-mediated signalling pathways in platelets from obese patients, with a primary involvement of GPVI signalling.
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Immune cells are present in the adipose tissue (AT) and regulate its function. Under lean conditions, immune cells predominantly of type 2 immunity, including eosinophils, M2-like anti-inflammatory macrophages and innate lymphoid cells 2, contribute to the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis within the AT. In the course of obesity, pro-inflammatory immune cells, such as M1-like macrophages, prevail in the AT. Inflammation in the obese AT is associated with the development of metabolic complications such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Thus, the immune cell-adipocyte crosstalk in the AT is an important regulator of AT function and systemic metabolism. We discuss herein this crosstalk with a special focus on the role of innate immune cells in AT inflammation and metabolic homeostasis in obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Jin Chung
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany.
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Marina Nati
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany.
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Antonios Chatzigeorgiou
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Koch CA, Krabbe S, Hehmke B. Statins, metformin, proprotein-convertase-subtilisin-kexin type-9 (PCSK9) inhibitors and sex hormones: Immunomodulatory properties? Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2018; 19:363-395. [PMID: 30673921 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-018-9478-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The immune system is closely intertwined with the endocrine system. Many effects of medications used for various clinical endocrine conditions such as the metabolic syndrome, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, Graves' disease and others also have an impact on the immune system. Some drugs including statins, metformin, angiotensin converting enzyme and proprotein-convertase-subtilisin-kexin type-9 (PCSK9) inhibitors and sex hormones are known to have immunomodulatory properties. We here review the literature on this topic and provide some clinical examples including the use of statins in Graves' orbitopathy, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and adult-onset Still's disease. In that context, we introduce a special immunodiagnostics method developed at the Institute of Diabetes "Gerhardt Katsch" in Karlsburg, Germany, to not only measure but also monitor immune disease activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian A Koch
- Medicover GmbH Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany.
- Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
| | - Siegfried Krabbe
- Medicover GmbH Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany
- University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Bernd Hehmke
- Institute of Diabetes ''Gerhardt Katsch'', Karlsburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Usefulness of the Adipokines as Biomarkers of Ischemic Cardiac Dysfunction. DISEASE MARKERS 2018; 2018:3406028. [PMID: 30405857 PMCID: PMC6199856 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3406028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death among both women and men, but there is still a great percentage of misdiagnosis and lack of clearly defined criteria. Advances in biomolecular science have proven the crucial role of inflammation and, more importantly, the role of adipokines in mediating all stages of coronary artery disease. It has also been suggested that regional fat deposits, more precisely from thoracic region, have a major influence on the development of coronary artery disease by creating a local proatherogenic environment. The immune system closely interacts with metabolic risk factors to initiate, promote, and further aggravate the atherosclerotic lesions on the arterial wall all with the "help" of adipokines. So nowadays, research extensively focuses on uncovering biomarkers that would provide an increased chance of detecting subclinical cardiac distress and also add a consistent value to current guideline-imposed risk criteria.
Collapse
|
18
|
Katsiki N, Mikhailidis DP, Banach M. Leptin, cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:1176-1188. [PMID: 29877321 PMCID: PMC6289384 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2018.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptin, an adipokine that is implicated in the control of food intake via appetite suppression, may also stimulate oxidative stress, inflammation, thrombosis, arterial stiffness, angiogenesis and atherogenesis. These leptin-induced effects may predispose to the development of cardiovascular diseases. In the present review we discuss the evidence linking leptin levels with the presence, severity and/or prognosis of both coronary artery disease and non-cardiac vascular diseases such as stroke, carotid artery disease, peripheral artery disease (PAD) and abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) as well as with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Leptin levels have been positively associated with the presence, severity, extent and lesion complexity of coronary atherosclerosis as well as with the presence, severity and poor clinical outcomes of both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. But conflicting results also exist. Furthermore, leptin was reported to independently predict common carotid intima-media thickness and carotid plaque instability. A link between hyperleptinemia and PAD has been reported, whereas limited data were available on the potential association between leptin and AAA. Elevated leptin concentrations have also been related to CKD incidence and progression as well as with insulin resistance, T2DM, micro- and macrovascular diabetic complications. Statins and antidiabetic drugs (including sitagliptin, metformin, pioglitazone, liraglutide and empagliflozin) may affect leptin levels. Further research is needed to establish the potential use (if any) of leptin as a therapeutic target in these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niki Katsiki
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippocration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitri P Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, UK.
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kutluturk F, Ozsoy Z. Effect of Sleeve Gastrectomy on Platelet Counts and Mean Platelet Volumes. Obes Surg 2018; 28:3159-3164. [PMID: 29717406 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-018-3287-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Faruk Kutluturk
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziosmanpasa University, School of Medicine, 60100, Tokat, Turkey.
| | - Zeki Ozsoy
- Department of General Surgery, Gaziosmanpasa University, School of Medicine, Tokat, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Maloberti A, Farina F, Carbonaro M, Piccinelli E, Bassi I, Pansera F, Grassi G, Mancia G, Palestini P, Giannattasio C. In healthy normotensive subjects age and blood pressure better predict subclinical vascular and cardiac organ damage than atherosclerosis biomarkers. Blood Press 2018; 27:262-270. [PMID: 29648468 DOI: 10.1080/08037051.2018.1461010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Only few studies evaluated biomarkers useful for defining the cardiovascular risk of a subject in a pre-clinical condition (i.e. healthy subjects). In this context we sought to determine the relationships of Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1), P-Selectin, Tissue Inhibitors Metalloproteinases type 1 (TIMP-1) and Cystatin-C with subclinical Target Organ Damage (TOD) in normotensive and normoglycemic subjects without known cardiovascular and kidney diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS 480 blood donors participated at the present analysis. TOD was evaluated as Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV), Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH) and Intima Media Thickness (IMT) and carotid plaque presence) grouped together under carotid TOD. RESULTS 3.1% of the subjects showed a PWV higher than 10 m/sec with those subjects exerting significantly lower values of P-Selectine (0.068 ± 0.015 vs 0.08 ± 0.036 mg/L, p = .014). 8.8% of the subjects showed carotid TOD that was associated with higher Cystatin-C values (0.67 ± 0.17 vs 0.63 ± 0.14 mg/L, p = .045). Finally 23.8% of the subjects showed LVH with no significant differences regarding biomarkers. Despite some significant correlations between biomarkers and TOD, at the multivariate analysis none came out to be as significant predictor of the assessed TOD. CONCLUSIONS in normotensive and normoglycemic healthy subjects, the evaluated biomarkers of atherosclerotic process didn't show any significant association with cardiac, carotid and vascular TOD while age and BP are its principal predictors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Maloberti
- a Cardiology IV, "A.De Gasperis" Department , Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda , Milan , Italy.,b School of Medicine and Surgery , Milano-Bicocca University , Milan , Italy
| | - Francesca Farina
- b School of Medicine and Surgery , Milano-Bicocca University , Milan , Italy
| | - Marco Carbonaro
- b School of Medicine and Surgery , Milano-Bicocca University , Milan , Italy
| | - Enrico Piccinelli
- a Cardiology IV, "A.De Gasperis" Department , Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda , Milan , Italy.,b School of Medicine and Surgery , Milano-Bicocca University , Milan , Italy
| | - Ilaria Bassi
- a Cardiology IV, "A.De Gasperis" Department , Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda , Milan , Italy.,b School of Medicine and Surgery , Milano-Bicocca University , Milan , Italy
| | - Francesco Pansera
- a Cardiology IV, "A.De Gasperis" Department , Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda , Milan , Italy.,b School of Medicine and Surgery , Milano-Bicocca University , Milan , Italy
| | - Guido Grassi
- b School of Medicine and Surgery , Milano-Bicocca University , Milan , Italy.,c IRCCS Multimedica , Milan , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mancia
- b School of Medicine and Surgery , Milano-Bicocca University , Milan , Italy
| | - Paola Palestini
- b School of Medicine and Surgery , Milano-Bicocca University , Milan , Italy
| | - Cristina Giannattasio
- a Cardiology IV, "A.De Gasperis" Department , Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda , Milan , Italy.,b School of Medicine and Surgery , Milano-Bicocca University , Milan , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Affiliation(s)
- Christian A Koch
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
- G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery VA Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
| |
Collapse
|