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Azekawa S, Maetani T, Chubachi S, Asakura T, Tanabe N, Shiraishi Y, Namkoong H, Tanaka H, Shimada T, Fukushima T, Otake S, Nakagawara K, Watase M, Terai H, Sasaki M, Ueda S, Kato Y, Harada N, Suzuki S, Yoshida S, Tateno H, Yamada Y, Jinzaki M, Hirai T, Okada Y, Koike R, Ishii M, Kimura A, Imoto S, Miyano S, Ogawa S, Kanai T, Fukunaga K. CT-derived vertebral bone mineral density is a useful biomarker to predict COVID-19 outcome. Bone 2024; 184:117095. [PMID: 38599262 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2024.117095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The low vertebral bone computed tomography (CT) Hounsfield unit values measured on CT scans reflect low bone mineral density (BMD) and are known as diagnostic indicators for osteoporosis. The potential prognostic significance of low BMD defined by vertebral bone CT values for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the impact of BMD on the clinical outcome in Japanese patients with COVID-19 and evaluate the association between BMD and critical outcomes, such as high-flow nasal cannula, non-invasive and invasive positive pressure ventilation, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, or death. We examined the effects of COVID-19 severity on the change of BMD over time. This multicenter retrospective cohort study enrolled 1132 inpatients with COVID-19 from the Japan COVID-19 Task Force database between February 2020 and September 2022. The bone CT values of the 4th, 7th, and 10th thoracic vertebrae were measured from chest CT images. The average of these values was defined as BMD. Furthermore, a comparative analysis was conducted between the BMD on admission and its value 3 months later. The low BMD group had a higher proportion of critical outcomes than did the high BMD group. In a subanalysis stratifying patients by epidemic wave according to onset time, critical outcomes were higher in the low BMD group in the 1st-4th waves. Multivariable logistic analysis of previously reported factors associated with COVID-19 severity revealed that low BMD, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes were independently associated with critical outcomes. At 3 months post-infection, patients with oxygen demand during hospitalization showed markedly decreased BMD than did those on admission. Low BMD in patients with COVID-19 may help predict severe disease after the disease onset. BMD may decrease over time in patients with severe COVID-19, and the impact on sequelae symptoms should be investigated in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Azekawa
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Maetani
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shotaro Chubachi
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Takanori Asakura
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Clinical Medicine (Laboratory of Bioregulatory Medicine), Kitasato University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Naoya Tanabe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yusuke Shiraishi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ho Namkoong
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Infectious Diseases, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromu Tanaka
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Shimada
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Fukushima
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiro Otake
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kensuke Nakagawara
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayuko Watase
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Terai
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamoru Sasaki
- Internal Medicine, JCHO (Japan Community Health Care Organization) Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Soichiro Ueda
- Internal Medicine, JCHO (Japan Community Health Care Organization) Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yukari Kato
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norihiro Harada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoji Suzuki
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Saitama City Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shuichi Yoshida
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Saitama City Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tateno
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Saitama City Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshitake Yamada
- Department of Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Jinzaki
- Department of Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toyohiro Hirai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukinori Okada
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan; Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory for Systems Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ryuji Koike
- Health Science Research and Development Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Ishii
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akinori Kimura
- Institute of Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiya Imoto
- Division of Health Medical Intelligence, Human Genome Center, the Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Miyano
- M&D Data Science Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seishi Ogawa
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takanori Kanai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Fukunaga
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Zheng J, He J, Li H. FAM19A5 in vascular aging and osteoporosis: Mechanisms and the "calcification paradox". Ageing Res Rev 2024; 99:102361. [PMID: 38821416 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Aging induces a progressive decline in the vasculature's structure and function. Vascular aging is a determinant factor for vascular ailments in the elderly. FAM19A5, a recently identified adipokine, has demonstrated involvement in multiple vascular aging-related pathologies, including atherosclerosis, cardio-cerebral vascular diseases and cognitive deficits. This review summarizes the current understanding of FAM19A5' role and explores its putative regulatory mechanisms in various aging-related disorders, including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), metabolic diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and malignancies. Importantly, we provide novel insights into the underlying therapeutic value of FAM19A5 in osteoporosis. Finally, we outline future perspectives on the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of FAM19A5 in vascular aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zheng
- Department of Geriatrics, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jieyu He
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Huahua Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Zhang J, Xu P, Liu R, Gyu JM, Cao P, Kang C. Osteoporosis and coronary heart disease: a bi-directional Mendelian randomization study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1362428. [PMID: 38841298 PMCID: PMC11150617 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1362428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoporosis (OP) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are major global public health issues, especially exacerbated by the challenges of an aging population. As these problems intensify, the associated burden on global health is expected to increase significantly. Despite extensive epidemiological investigations into the potential association between OP and CVD, establishing a clear causal relationship remains elusive. Methods Instrumental variables were selected from summary statistics of the IEU GWAS database. Five different components of BMD (heel BMD, LS BMD, FA BMD, FN BMD, and TB BMD) were used as OP phenotypes. CHD, MI, and stroke were selected to represent CVD. Multiple analysis methods were used to evaluate the causal relationship between CVD and OP comprehensively. In addition, sensitivity analyses(Cochran's Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, and "leave one out" analysis) were performed to verify the reliability of the results. Results The MR showed a significant causal relationship between CHD on heel BMD and TB BMD; in the reverse analysis, there was no evidence that OP has a significant causal effect on CVD. The reliability of the results was confirmed through sensitivity analysis. Conclusion The study results revealed that CHD was causally associated with Heel BMD and TB BMD, while in the reverse MR analysis, the causal relationship between OP and CVD was not supported. This result posits CHD as a potential etiological factor for OP and prompts that routine bone density assessment at traditional sites (forearm, femoral neck, lumbar spine) using DAX may inadequately discern underlying osteoporosis issues in CHD patients. The recommendation is to synergistically incorporate heel ultrasound or DAX for total body bone density examinations, ensuring clinical diagnostics are both precise and reliable. Moreover, these findings provide valuable insights for public health, contributing to the development of pertinent prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsheng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Pai Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Rongcan Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Min Gyu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Peng Cao
- Burn & Trauma Treatment Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chan Kang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Lu H, Lary CW, Hodonsky CJ, Peyser PA, Bos D, van der Laan SW, Miller CL, Rivadeneira F, Kiel DP, Kavousi M, Medina-Gomez C. Association between BMD and coronary artery calcification: an observational and Mendelian randomization study. J Bone Miner Res 2024; 39:443-452. [PMID: 38477752 DOI: 10.1093/jbmr/zjae022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Observational studies have reported inconsistent associations between bone mineral density (BMD) and coronary artery calcification (CAC). We examined the observational association of BMD with CAC in 2 large population-based studies and evaluated the evidence for a potential causal relation between BMD and CAC using polygenic risk scores (PRS), 1- and 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approaches. Our study populations comprised 1414 individuals (mean age 69.9 yr, 52.0% women) from the Rotterdam Study and 2233 individuals (mean age 56.5 yr, 50.9% women) from the Framingham Heart Study with complete information on CAC and BMD measurements at the total body (TB-), lumbar spine (LS-), and femoral neck (FN-). We used linear regression models to evaluate the observational association between BMD and CAC. Subsequently, we compared the mean CAC across PRSBMD quintile groups at different skeletal sites. In addition, we used the 2-stage least squares regression and the inverse variance weighted (IVW) model as primary methods for 1- and 2-sample MR to test evidence for a potentially causal association. We did not observe robust associations between measured BMD levels and CAC. These results were consistent with a uniform random distribution of mean CAC across PRSBMD quintile groups (P-value > .05). Moreover, neither 1- nor 2-sample MR supported the possible causal association between BMD and CAC. Our results do not support the contention that lower BMD is (causally) associated with an increased CAC risk. These findings suggest that previously reported epidemiological associations of BMD with CAC are likely explained by unmeasured confounders or shared etiology, rather than by causal pathways underlying both osteoporosis and vascular calcification processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojie Lu
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, CA 3000, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, CA 3000, The Netherlands
| | - Christine W Lary
- Roux Institute at Northeastern University, Portland, ME 04101, United States
| | - Chani J Hodonsky
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, United States
| | - Patricia A Peyser
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Daniel Bos
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, CA 3000, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, CA 3000, The Netherlands
| | - Sander W van der Laan
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, CX 3584, The Netherlands
| | - Clint L Miller
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, United States
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, United States
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, CA 3000, The Netherlands
| | - Douglas P Kiel
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA 02131, United States
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Maryam Kavousi
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, CA 3000, The Netherlands
| | - Carolina Medina-Gomez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, CA 3000, The Netherlands
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Itagaki T, Ueki Y, Sunohara D, Aoki M, Nomoto F, Takamatsu T, Mochidome T, Miura T, Kasai T, Kuwahara K, Ikeda U. Impact of Low Bone Mineral Content Index on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Angiology 2024:33197231226348. [PMID: 38174990 DOI: 10.1177/00033197231226348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The prognostic value of bone mineral content (BMC) for the clinical outcomes of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) remains unknown. The present study evaluated the association between BMC index (BMCI) and cardiovascular events between January 2020 to June 2021, in consecutive patients (n = 257) with CAD undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) at the Nagano Municipal Hospital. BMCI was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis and calculated as the BMC divided by height squared. Patients were classified as low (<0.918) or high BMCI (≥0.918) groups according to the receiver operating characteristics curve analysis for the primary endpoint, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), including cardiovascular death, spontaneous myocardial infarction, stroke, and any revascularization. During a median follow-up of 744 days, the low BMCI group (n = 152) had an increased risk of MACE compared with the high group (n = 105) (19.7 vs 6.7%, P = .004). A low BMCI was significantly associated with MACE in the multivariable Cox and the Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting analyses (hazard ratio: 3.16, 95% confidence interval: 1.15-8.67, P = .025). In conclusion, among patients with CAD undergoing PCI, BMCI was a predictor for cardiovascular events. Further research is required to determine whether medical interventions for BMC can improve patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yasushi Ueki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sunohara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Japan
| | - Moeko Aoki
- Department of Cardiology, Nagano Municipal Hospital, Japan
| | - Fumika Nomoto
- Department of Cardiology, Nagano Municipal Hospital, Japan
| | | | | | - Takashi Miura
- Department of Cardiology, Nagano Municipal Hospital, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Miura Heart Clinic, Japan
| | - Toshio Kasai
- Department of Cardiology, Nagano Municipal Hospital, Japan
| | - Koichiro Kuwahara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Japan
| | - Uichi Ikeda
- Department of Cardiology, Nagano Municipal Hospital, Japan
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Raggi P, Takyar FM, Gadiyaram V, Zhang C, Stillman AE, Davarpanah AH. Differential effect of atorvastatin and pravastatin on thoracic spine attenuation: A sub-analysis of a randomized clinical trial. Atherosclerosis 2024; 388:117425. [PMID: 38109819 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Statins reduce cardiovascular events and may improve bone mineral density. METHODS We conducted a sub-analysis of a randomized clinical trial that investigated the differential effect of moderate vs intensive low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) lowering therapies on coronary artery calcium (CAC) scores, and used the acquired images to assess the change in radiological attenuation of selected thoracic vertebrae. Baseline and 12-month unenhanced chest CT scans were performed in 420 hyperlipidemic, postmenopausal women randomized to atorvastatin (ATV) 80 mg/day or pravastatin (PRV) 40 mg/day in the Beyond Endorsed Lipid Lowering with Electron Beam Tomography Scanning (BELLES) trial. Bone attenuation was measured in three contiguous thoracic vertebrae at baseline and 12 months. RESULTS There were no differences in baseline demographic and clinical characteristics between treatment arms. The median percent lowering (interquartile range) in LDL-C was significantly greater with ATV than PRV [-53 (-69 to 20)% vs -28 (-55 to 74)%, p < 0.001], although the CAC score change was similar [12 (-63 to 208)% vs 13 (-75 to 358)%; p = 0.44]. At follow-up, the median bone attenuation loss was significantly greater with PRV than with ATV [-2.6 (-27 to 11)% vs 0 (-11 to 25)%; p < 0.001]. The attenuation loss in the PRV group was comparable to that of a historical untreated general population sample. In the entire cohort, the changes in LDL-C and total cholesterol were inversely correlated with bone attenuation change (p < 0.01). In adjusted multivariable linear regression analyses, race and percent change in LDL-C were independent predictors of bone attenuation change. Age, body mass index, history of smoking, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, peripheral vascular disease, or hormone replacement therapy did not affect percent change in BMD. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the hypothesis that there is an interaction between bone and cardiometabolic health and that intensive lipid lowering has a beneficial effect on bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Raggi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Farzin M Takyar
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Varuna Gadiyaram
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chao Zhang
- Pediatric Biostatistics Core, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; General Dynamics Information Technology, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - Arthur E Stillman
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Amir H Davarpanah
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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7
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Hu X, Ma S, Chen L, Tian C, Wang W. Association between osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease in elderly people: evidence from a retrospective study. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16546. [PMID: 38089913 PMCID: PMC10712301 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to investigate the associations between osteoporosis, biochemical indexes, bone mineral density (BMD), and cardiovascular disease. Methods A cross-sectional study design was used to examine the relationships between these parameters. Logistic regression and correlation analyses were conducted to assess the associations between elevated levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), homocysteine, and the presence of osteoporosis. Additionally, correlations between BMD and biochemical indexes were analyzed. The incidence of cardiovascular disease and its correlation with BMD were evaluated. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to determine the utility of BMD in identifying cardiovascular disease. Results The results revealed that elevated triglyceride, total cholesterol, and LDL levels were positively associated with osteoporosis, while higher HDL levels and homocysteine were negatively associated. Correlation analysis demonstrated negative correlations between triglyceride levels and BMD, and positive correlations between total cholesterol and HDL levels with BMD. LDL levels showed a weak negative correlation, and homocysteine levels exhibited a strong negative correlation with BMD. The osteoporosis group had lower BMD and a higher incidence of cardiovascular disease compared to the non-osteoporosis group. Logistic regression analysis confirmed the correlation between lower BMD and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Conclusion This study provides evidence supporting the associations between osteoporosis, biochemical indexes, BMD, and cardiovascular disease. Aberrations in lipid profiles and homocysteine levels may contribute to osteoporosis development. Lower BMD, particularly in individuals with osteoporosis, appears to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. BMD shows promise as a diagnostic tool for identifying individuals at risk of cardiovascular disease. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and establish the clinical implications of these relationships. Future longitudinal studies are necessary to determine causality and long-term prognostic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Hu
- Geriatrics Department, Hengshui People’s Hospital (Harrison International Peace Hospital), Hengshui, China
| | - Shucan Ma
- Geriatrics Department, Hengshui People’s Hospital (Harrison International Peace Hospital), Hengshui, China
| | - Liman Chen
- Geriatrics Department, Hengshui People’s Hospital (Harrison International Peace Hospital), Hengshui, China
| | - Chunhui Tian
- Geriatrics Department, Hengshui People’s Hospital (Harrison International Peace Hospital), Hengshui, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Geriatrics Department, Hengshui People’s Hospital (Harrison International Peace Hospital), Hengshui, China
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