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Auw-Hädrich C, Gasser L, Reinhard T. Bindehautdegenerationen und -neoplasien. AUGENHEILKUNDE UP2DATE 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1488-0383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
ZusammenfassungErhabenheiten der Bindehaut entstehen durch Gewebevermehrung, die entweder degenerativ oder neoplastisch, aber auch entzündlich sein können. In diesem Artikel werden degenerative (Pterygium
und Pinguecula) sowie benigne und maligne neoplastische Bindehautveränderungen (epitheliale, melanozytäre und vaskuläre Tumoren, Choristome sowie Metastasen) bezüglich der Pathogenese,
Symptome, Diagnostik und aktuellem Stand der Behandlung dargestellt.
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2
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Auw-Hädrich C, Gasser L, Reinhard T. [Conjunctival Degeneration and Neoplasia]. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2022; 239:823-845. [PMID: 35609810 DOI: 10.1055/a-1831-2648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Conjunctival tumors result from gain of tissue, which can be either degenerative or neoplastic, but also inflammatory. In this article, degenerative (pterygium and pinguecula) as well as benign and malignant neoplastic conjunctival changes (epithelial, melanocytic and vascular tumors, choristomas as well as metastases) are discussed with regard to pathogenesis, symptoms, diagnostics and current status of treatment.
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Jakobiec FA, Barrantes PC, Ma L, Mihm M. Epibulbar Proliferative Fasciitis, a Variant of Nodular Fasciitis: A Differential Diagnosis of Conditions With Focal or Diffuse Myxoid Stromas. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2021; 37:399-407. [PMID: 33481533 DOI: 10.1097/iop.0000000000001872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the clinical and pathologic features of a case of epibulbar proliferative fasciitis and to compare it with other focal or diffuse myxoid lesions. METHODS A clinical, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical analysis was performed. The clinical history, photographic documentation, history, and referred slides were reanalyzed. Additional immunohistochemical stains were performed at our institution. RESULTS A 68-year-old woman developed over a week a brightly vascularized and focally hemorrhagic placoid lesion on the temporal side of the OS. She had had earlier augmentation breast surgery that had been mistakenly initially reported to us to be for breast carcinoma. Hematoxylin- and eosin-stained reactions revealed microscopically a spindle cell lesion with an intact nonkeratinizing epithelium and a background myxoid stroma with prominent capillaries and a light dispersion of small T-cell lymphocytes. Most striking among the spindle cells were some widely separated large atypical cells. The atypical cells were cytokeratin positive, but an expansive panel of immunohistochemical stains for breast carcinoma was negative. The lesion was diagnosed as proliferative fasciitis and has not recurred after 1-year follow up. CONCLUSION A rapidly evolving conjunctival lesion is unlikely to be a primary or metastatic carcinoma. In the current case, the large ganglioform or rhabdomyoblast-like cells displayed diffuse cytokeratin positivity, still consistent with a mesenchymal or connective tissue cell lineage. Cytokeratin expression has been a finding previously reported in connective tissue tumors and in lymphoma cells. While the current lesion clinically resembles a conventional nodular fasciitis, the presence of the large atypical cells can lead to the misdiagnosis of a sarcoma, which typically displays a much higher Ki-67 proliferation index in comparison with nodular/proliferative fasciitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick A Jakobiec
- David G. Cogan Laboratory of Ophthalmic Pathology, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear/Harvard Medical School
| | - Paula Cortes Barrantes
- David G. Cogan Laboratory of Ophthalmic Pathology, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear/Harvard Medical School
| | - Lina Ma
- David G. Cogan Laboratory of Ophthalmic Pathology, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear/Harvard Medical School
| | - Martin Mihm
- Department of Dermatopathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A
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4
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Alvarado-Villacorta R, Torres Zavala NM, Marroquín Loayza L, Rodríguez-Reyes AA. Conjunctival myxoma: A systematic review of a rare tumor. Surv Ophthalmol 2021; 67:729-740. [PMID: 34461119 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Conjunctival myxoma is an uncommon benign tumor that may develop as a localized disease or as part of the Carney complex, in which case it can cause significant morbidity and mortality. Conjunctival myxomas can mimic other pure or mixed tumors and are often overlooked in clinical practice. Histopathological studies are essential for diagnosis; however, controversy regarding their pathological and immunohistochemical features makes the diagnostic process more difficult. Because of the importance of correctly classifying these conjunctival tumors, as well as recognizing when a systematic screening is required owing to the possible association with life-threatening diseases, we comprehensively evaluate the literature on this rare entity based on a systematic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Alvarado-Villacorta
- Cornea and Refractive Surgery Department, Asociación para Evitar la Ceguera en México IAP., Mexico City, Mexico; Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico; Latin American Network for Research in Eye Diseases-LANRED, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | | | - Lelia Marroquín Loayza
- Ocular Pathology Laboratory "Dr. José Antonio Avendaño Valdez," Instituto Nacional de Oftalmología "Dr. Francisco Contreras Campos," Lima, Peru
| | - Abelardo A Rodríguez-Reyes
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico; Ophthalmic Pathology Service, Asociación para Evitar la Ceguera en México, I.A.P., Mexico City, Mexico
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Kim HK, Jang SK, Choi KU, Lee JS. A Conjunctival Myxoid Stromal Tumor. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2020. [DOI: 10.3341/jkos.2020.61.8.955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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6
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Lam J, Ang A, Vermeulen T, Ardakani NM. Conjunctival Stromal Tumor: Report of 2 New Cases and Review of the Literature. Int J Surg Pathol 2020; 29:337-342. [PMID: 32723103 DOI: 10.1177/1066896920945783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Conjunctival stromal tumor (COST) is an emerging entity with only a limited number of cases reported in the literature. In this report, we describe 2 additional cases, review the accumulative clinical and histopathological features and expand on the immunophenotypic property of this entity. COST appears to have a sporadic presentation, affecting both sexes and patients of variable ethnicity and age group and predominantly occurring on the bulbar conjunctiva as a slow-growing asymptomatic or slightly tender mass-like lesion. Histopathologically, COST is characterized by singly dispersed spindle to round cells, often with some degree of degenerative nuclear atypia, within a myxomatous to collagenous stroma. Lesional cells are characteristically positive for CD34 and vimentin, negative for S100, SOX10 and STAT6 and show a normal pattern of staining with RB1 by immunohistochemistry. The reported cases to date have shown an indolent biological behavior, reliably treated by a complete surgical excision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Lam
- 226920University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,3432Fremantle Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Andrea Ang
- 226920University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,6508Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Tersia Vermeulen
- 56375PathWest Laboratory Medicine, QEII Medical Centre, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nima Mesbah Ardakani
- 226920University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,56375PathWest Laboratory Medicine, QEII Medical Centre, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,5673Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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7
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El-Khoury J, Marchand M, Allaire G, Robert MC. Conjunctival stromal tumour: case report and review of the literature. Can J Ophthalmol 2020; 55:e174-e175. [PMID: 32446503 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjo.2020.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guy Allaire
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que
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8
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Das J, Basak SK, Das N. Conjunctival stromal tumour (COST): anterior-segment OCT findings. BMJ Case Rep 2019; 12:12/11/e230348. [PMID: 31753821 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2019-230348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjunctival stromal tumour (COST) is a recently described rare conjunctival tumour of mesenchymal origin with only four publications describing a handful of cases thus far. In this report, we describe the anterior-segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) characteristics in a case of COST for the first time, in addition to the clinical and histopathological characteristics. The AS-OCT showed an elevated, dome-shaped hyporeflective homogenous lesion in the conjunctival stroma lined by hyperreflective outer layer with mild posterior shadowing, consistent with histological description of a paucicellular tumour with large myxoid collagenous material inside. Immunohistochemistry showed positive CD34 and vimentin but negative S100 and smooth muscle actin, thereby differentiating it from conjunctival myxoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyeeta Das
- Oculoplasty, Disha Eye Hospitals, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Samar K Basak
- Cornea and External Disease, Disha Eye Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Nibedita Das
- Cornea and External Disease, Disha Eye Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Mudhar HS, McGrath LA, Chung AKK, Bowyer J, Rennie I. Ocular Surface Fibroma: Clinical, Histopathological, and Immunohistochemical Features of 10 Cases. Ocul Oncol Pathol 2019; 6:196-202. [PMID: 32509765 DOI: 10.1159/000503360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To describe the clinical, histological, and immunohistochemical (IHC) features of a series of 10 cases of ocular surface fibroma (OSF) and correlate the findings with other similar histological entities. Method The patient demographics and features of the lesions were analysed from the clinical notes. All cases in the series had routine diagnostic excisional biopsies with standard histopathological and IHC evaluation. Each case was analysed by histology and immunohistochemistry with antibodies to: CD34, Factor XIIIa, desmin, smooth muscle actin, S100, Melan-A, β-catenin, neurofilament, and Ki67. Results OSF occurred on the bulbar, tarsal, or forniceal conjunctiva, and typically presented as a white, pink, or yellow sheet-like or nodular lesion. The most common symptom was irritation or a foreign-body sensation. Lesions ranged in size from 4 to 13 mm. Only 1/10 cases showed a recurrence after an incomplete excision. Histologically, OSF comprised bland spindle cells in a collagen stroma. The spindle cells were CD34-positive (in 10/10 cases) and a smaller subset was positive for Factor XIIIa (6/10 cases). Normal resident spindle cells in the conjunctival stroma, Tenon's capsule, and tarsal plate were positive for CD34 and Factor XIIIa, implicating these cells in the origin of OSF. Conclusion OSF is a benign lesion of resident CD34- and Factor XIIIa-positive spindle cells in the conjunctiva and Tenon's capsule. We have called to attention another lesion to be included by clinicians in the differential diagnosis of benign ocular surface lesions composed of CD34- and Factor XIIIa-positive spindle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardeep Singh Mudhar
- Department of Histopathology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, National Specialist Ophthalmic Pathology Service (NSOPS), Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Lindsay A McGrath
- Sheffield Ocular Oncology Service, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Andy K K Chung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pinderfields Hospital, Wakefield, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Bowyer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals of North Midlands NHS Trust, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Rennie
- Sheffield Ocular Oncology Service, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Small Benign Storiform Fibrous Tumor (Fibrous Histiocytoma) of the Conjunctival Substantia Propria in a Child: Review and Clarification of Biologic Behavior. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2019; 35:495-502. [DOI: 10.1097/iop.0000000000001355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Milman T, Salomao DR, Ida CM, Capiz Correa DR, Grossniklaus HE, Zhang Q, Hamershock RA, Shields C, Shields JA, Raber I, Rapuano CJ, Patel R, Eagle RC. Conjunctival Myxoid Lesions: Clinical-Pathologic Multiparametric Analysis, Including Molecular Genetics (An American Ophthalmological Society Thesis). Am J Ophthalmol 2019; 205:115-131. [PMID: 31078543 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2019.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the clinical and pathologic characteristics of conjunctival myxoid lesions, with specific focus on PRKAR1A studies, in order to distinguish neoplastic conjunctival myxoma from other myxoid conjunctival lesions. METHODS A retrospective, interventional, multicenter study of all patients with conjunctival myxoma, conjunctival stromal tumor, or reactive fibromyxoid proliferation diagnosed during 1988-2018. Patient and family medical histories and clinical and pathologic characteristics of excised lesions were assessed. RESULTS There were 28 patients with conjunctival myxoid lesions diagnosed as myxoma (16/28), conjunctival stromal tumor (10/28), or reactive fibromyxoid proliferation (2/28). The patients with abundant myxoid matrix lesions (14/28, 50%) were younger (mean 49 [range 23-68] years) than those with scant-to-moderate myxoid matrix lesions (14/28, mean 61 [range 18-82] years; P = .04). Abundant myxoid matrix lesions more likely contained predominantly stellate cells (6/14 [43%] vs 0/14 [0%]; P = .05) and fibrillar collagen (13/14 [93%] vs 2/14 [14%]; P < .0001), conforming to the standard morphologic definition of myxoma. Absence of PRKAR1A protein expression was found in 2 lesions with morphologic features of myxoma (2/14, 14%), 1 of which demonstrated a pathogenic mutation in the PRKAR1A gene. There was no difference between the lesions with respect to other clinical and pathologic parameters. CONCLUSIONS PRKAR1A plays a role in the development of a subset of conjunctival myxomas, particularly in tumors fulfilling stringent morphologic criteria for myxoma. With the exception of PRKAR1A studies, current immunohistochemical panels cannot reliably distinguish between neoplastic conjunctival myxomas and other myxoid lesions, underscoring the importance of morphology in establishing accurate diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Milman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pathology, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Diva R Salomao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Cristiane M Ida
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Hans E Grossniklaus
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ocular Oncology and Pathology Section, Emory Eye Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Biostatistics Consulting Core, Vickie and Jack Farber Vision Research Center, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rose A Hamershock
- Department of Ophthalmology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Biostatistics Consulting Core, Vickie and Jack Farber Vision Research Center, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carol Shields
- Department of Ophthalmology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jerry A Shields
- Department of Ophthalmology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Irving Raber
- Department of Ophthalmology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Cornea Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christopher J Rapuano
- Department of Ophthalmology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Cornea Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ravi Patel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Cornea Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ralph C Eagle
- Department of Ophthalmology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pathology, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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12
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Qin XY, Jin ZH, Wang YP, Zhang ZD. Conjunctival myxoid stromal tumour: a distinctive clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study. Br J Ophthalmol 2018; 103:1259-1265. [PMID: 30381388 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-312747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS To describe the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of 10 patients representing a new entity of benign conjunctival myxoid stromal tumours. METHODS Retrospective review of clinical findings, histopathological and immunohistochemical studies identified 10 cases of low-grade conjunctival myxoid stromal tumours. Specimens were routinely processed and stained with H&E. Immunohistochemical stains for CD34, CD68, vimentin, S100, smooth muscle actin (SMA), myosin, desmin, actin, Bcl-2 and Ki-67 were performed. Specific stains for Alcian-blue periodic acid-Schiff (AB-PAS) and aldehyde fuchsin stains were also performed. RESULTS Ten patients with an average age of 45.6±11.1 years had a tender white or faint yellow to red mass on the bulbar conjunctiva. All the lesions were completely removed, and none of the patients relapsed. Histologically, all neoplasms consisted of spindle-shaped cells that showed signs of pseudonuclear inclusions, multinuclear cells and had no atypia. The stroma consisted of a large amount of mucus and was infiltrated with delicate to ropey collagens, a few mast cells and new vessels. Immunohistochemical stains were positive for CD34, vimentin and Bcl-2; partial positive for CD68; very low for Ki-67; and negative for S100, SMA, myosin, desmin and actin. AB-PAS suggested that the stroma was mucinous. CONCLUSIONS These rare benign mesenchymal conjunctival tumours are mostly unilateral and occur in the bulbar conjunctiva. Complete resection is the radical treatment. These lesions are characterised by multiple spindle cells, a large amount of mucus, and sharing similar basic histopathological features with conjunctival myxoma and conjunctival stromal tumour. We suggest naming these lesions 'conjunctival myxoid stromal tumours'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yi Qin
- Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhe-Hao Jin
- Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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