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Rousta N, Hussein IM, Kohly RP. Sex Disparities in Ophthalmology From Training Through Practice: A Systematic Review. JAMA Ophthalmol 2024; 142:146-154. [PMID: 38236584 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2023.6118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Importance Sex-based research in medicine has revealed inequities against females on almost every metric at almost every career stage; ophthalmology is no exception. Objective To systematically review the experiences of females in ophthalmology (FiO) from training through practice in high-income countries (HICs). Evidence Review A systematic review of English-language studies, published between January 1990 and May 2022, relating to FiO in HICs was performed. PubMed, MEDLINE, and Embase electronic databases were searched, as well as the Journal of Academic Ophthalmology as it was not indexed in the searched databases. Studies were organized by theme at each career stage, starting in medical school when an interest in ophthalmology is expressed, and extending up to retirement. Findings A total of 91 studies, 87 cross-sectional and 4 cohort, were included. In medical school, mentorship and recruitment of female students into ophthalmology was influenced by sex bias, with fewer females identifying with ophthalmologist mentors and gender stereotypes perpetuated in reference letters written by both male and female referees. In residency, females had unequal learning opportunities, with lower surgical case volumes than male trainees and fewer females pursued fellowships in lucrative subspecialties. In practice, female ophthalmologists had lower incomes, less academic success, and poorer representation in leadership roles. Female ophthalmologists had a greater scholarly impact factor than their male counterparts, but this was only after approximately 30 years of publication experience. Pervasive throughout all stages of training and practice was the experience of greater sexual harassment among females from both patients and colleagues. Despite these disparities, some studies found that females reported equal overall career satisfaction rating with males in ophthalmology, whereas others suggested higher burnout rates. Conclusions and Relevance Ophthalmology is approaching sex parity, however, the increase in the proportion of females in ophthalmology had not translated to an increase in female representation in leadership positions. Sex disparities persisted across many domains including recruitment, training, practice patterns, academic productivity, and income. Interventions may improve sex equity in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki Rousta
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Isra M Hussein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Radha P Kohly
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Woreta FA, Gordon LK, Knight OJ, Randolph JD, Zebardast N, Pérez-González CE. Enhancing Diversity in the Ophthalmology Workforce. Ophthalmology 2022; 129:e127-e136. [PMID: 36058741 PMCID: PMC9509453 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2022.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Health care teams are most effective at addressing complex problems and improving health outcomes for underserved populations when team members bring diverse life experiences and perspectives to the effort. With rates of visual impairment expected to increase in the United States by 2050, especially among minority populations, diversification of the ophthalmology workforce will be critical in reducing disparities in access to and quality of vision health care. Currently, ophthalmology is less diverse with respect to race, ethnicity, and gender than graduating medical classes and other medical specialties, as well as the general US population. In addition, data on diversity in sexual orientation and gender identity, socioeconomic status, and disability are lacking in ophthalmology. The Minority Ophthalmology Mentoring and Rabb-Venable Excellence in Ophthalmology Programs are examples of initiatives to increase racial and ethnic diversity in the workforce and can serve as models for increasing other aspects of inclusiveness. Other strategies for improving vision health care for all Americans include continuing to support existing diversity programs and creating new ones; addressing unconscious and implicit bias in medical school, residency, and faculty selections; conducting holistic reviews of medical school and residency applications; diversifying selection committees and leadership; and encouraging faculty development of underrepresented groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fasika A Woreta
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lynn K Gordon
- Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - O'Rese J Knight
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jessica D Randolph
- Department of Ophthalmology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Nazlee Zebardast
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - César E Pérez-González
- Office of the Scientific Director, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
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Parija S, Gupta A, Nayak S, Banerjee A, Poddar C. Ophthalmology as a career choice among medical students in Eastern India - A cross-sectional study. Indian J Ophthalmol 2022; 70:3661-3668. [PMID: 36190068 PMCID: PMC9789826 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_571_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Several factors influence medical students to choose a specialty branch for post-graduate training, and it is important to understand them so that strategies can be made to make it more attractive and hence the shortage in the workforce can be addressed. This study aimed to identify the factors that influenced under-graduate medical students to choose ophthalmology as their specialty for post-graduate training. Methods It was a descriptive, cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study, carried out among medical students at a tertiary academic institute in eastern India. In this survey tool, 25 questions were divided into different sections: demographic data, factors influencing the choice and perceptions about ophthalmology as a career option, and the impact of rotatory internship posting on the choice of subject. The various factors were then scored and indexed appropriately. Results There were 515 participants. The median age was 23 years. The major influencing factor for choosing ophthalmology was "adequate time" (52.04%), and the discouraging factor was "steep learning curve" (58.64%). Age had an odds ratio of 0.781, showing that the lower the age, the higher the chances of being positively inclined toward ophthalmology as a career choice. Similarly, major deciding factors, perceptions, and experiences in ophthalmology had odds ratios of 1.841, 1.725, and 2.057, respectively, showing a positive inclination. Conclusion The study states that a steep learning curve, personal attitudes, and misconceptions may dissuade the students from taking this subject, but adequate clinical exposure and experience, as well as role models during the internship, can create a positive impact on career choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sucheta Parija
- Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India,Correspondence to: Dr. Sucheta Parija, Department of Ophthalmology, AIIMS Bhubaneswar, Sijua, Patrapada, Bhubaneswar – 751 019, Odisha, India. E-mail:
| | - Ashna Gupta
- Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Saurav Nayak
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Aparajita Banerjee
- Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Chanchal Poddar
- Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Maru JA, Carvajal ND, de Alba Campomanes AG, Parikh N, Ashraf DC, Kersten RC, Winn BJ, Vagefi MR, Grob SR. Perceived Barriers to Increasing Diversity within Oculofacial Plastic Surgery. JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC OPHTHALMOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1758561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose Physician diversity is limited in ophthalmology and oculofacial plastic surgery. Determination of barriers within the application process for oculofacial plastic surgery may help target efforts to improve the recruitment of underrepresented groups. This study aimed to illuminate perceived barriers to increasing diversity in oculofacial plastic surgery trainees, according to the American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (ASOPRS) fellows and fellowship program directors (FPDs).
Methods During the month of February 2021, we sent surveys out to 54 current oculofacial plastic surgery fellows and 56 FPDs at 56 oculofacial plastic surgery programs recognized by the ASOPRS nationwide using a 15-question Qualtrics survey.
Results Sixty-three individuals (57%) responded to the survey: 34 fellows (63%) and 29 FPDs (52%). Eighty-eight percent of fellows and 68% of FPDs identified as non-underrepresented in medicine (UiM). Forty-four percent of fellows and 25% of FPDs identified as men. FPDs most commonly noted, “Not enough minorities applying to our program” and “The objective data (Ophthalmic Knowledge Assessment Program score, United States Medical Licensing Examination Step scores, clinical honors, Alpha Omega Alpha status, letter of recommendation) for minority applicants often do not meet the threshold required to offer an interview or to be ranked to match” as barriers. Among fellows, the lowest-rated considerations when applying to oculofacial plastic surgery were “Racially/ethnically diverse faculty” and “Perceptions of minority candidates by fellowship programs,” whereas “Likelihood of matching in program of choice” was ranked highest in considerations. Fellows identifying as men indicated greater concern for “Financial factors related to fellowship (e.g., loans, salary, cost of living, or cost of interviewing)” compared to fellows identifying as women who noted greater concern for “Program or preceptor acceptance of starting or having a family during fellowship.”
Conclusion Responses from FPDs suggest that efforts focused on recruiting and supporting diverse students to medicine and ophthalmology, mentoring applicants interested in oculofacial plastic surgery, and restructuring the application process to decrease bias, may improve diversity within the subspecialty. The lack of UiM representation in this study, 6% fellows and 7.4% FPDs identified as UiM, shows both the stark underrepresentation and the need for further research into this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johsias A. Maru
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Nicole D. Carvajal
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Neeti Parikh
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Davin C. Ashraf
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Robert C. Kersten
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Bryan J. Winn
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Ophthalmology Section, Surgical Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California
| | - M. Reza Vagefi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Seanna R. Grob
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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Li B, Michaelov E, Waterman R, Sharan S. Ophthalmology as a career choice among medical students: a survey of students at a Canadian medical school. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 22:225. [PMID: 35365134 PMCID: PMC8973503 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03295-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a lack of investigations into the factors that lead medical students to pursue increasingly competitive post-graduate training programs. We sought to determine the factors that influence medical students' opinions on ophthalmology as a career and on ophthalmological medical education. METHODS An anonymous 36-question survey was distributed to all medical students across the four program years at the Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry as a non-probabilistic convenience sample. Survey results were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U tests to determine significant differences between study sub-populations. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to identify correlates for positive views towards ophthalmology. RESULTS 81% of questions had a mean positive response amongst the students. Students held negative views regarding the amount of exposure to ophthalmology in medical school. The greatest differences in opinion regarding ophthalmology were seen between those with more exposure and interest in ophthalmology compared to their counterparts with less. Regression analysis identified interest in ophthalmology as a significant correlate to a positive opinion in the field. CONCLUSIONS Our survey demonstrates that while most students had positive views about ophthalmology, some aspects were viewed negatively. Students felt there was a lack of exposure, both educationally and clinically to ophthalmology, which may contribute to some misconceptions of the field. Early exposure appeared to be critical to forming positive opinions of ophthalmology and could be emphasized in medical education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Ivey Eye Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Evan Michaelov
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Ivey Eye Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Ryan Waterman
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada.
| | - Sapna Sharan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Ivey Eye Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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Aguwa UT, Srikumaran D, Canner J, Knight OJ, Scott AW, Green L, Woreta F. Trends in Racial and Ethnic Diversity of Ophthalmology Residents and Residency Applicants. Am J Ophthalmol 2022; 240:260-264. [PMID: 35288067 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The proportions of individuals who are underrepresented in medicine (URiM) in ophthalmology lag behind their proportions within the US population. Diversity trends have been studied in other specialties, but literature examining trends in ophthalmology is lacking. In this study, we investigate trends in the racial and ethnic demographics of ophthalmology residents and residency applicants. DESIGN Trend study. METHODS Demographic data of all residency programs across all specialties were extracted from Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education yearly reports from 2011 to 2019. Data from 2016 to 2019 on ophthalmology match applicants were analyzed using the 2020 Ophthalmology Residency Match Summary Report and the 2020 Association of University Professors of Ophthalmology Residency Gender & Ethnicity Summary. Linear trends were examined by the Cochran-Armitage test. RESULTS From 2011 to 2019, the raw percentage of URiM ophthalmology residents increased from 4.7% (66/1419) to 5.8% (85/1473) (P < .001) whereas that of surgical specialties decreased from 9.9% (2164/21,967) to 9.1% (2370/26,082) (P < .001). The percentage of URiM ophthalmology match applicants increased from 5.9% (43/726) of all applicants to 11.8% (87/741) from 2016 to 2019 (P < .001), and the percentage of URiMs matching into ophthalmology increased from 4.9% (23/467) of all participants to 10.8% (52/484) from 2016 to 2019 (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Although there has been a positive trend in the percentage of URiMs applying and matching into ophthalmology, a lack of racial and ethnic diversity relative to other specialties persists. Strategies are needed to increase diversity in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugochi T Aguwa
- From the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (U.T.A.), Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Divya Srikumaran
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (D.S., A.W.S., F.W.), Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Joseph Canner
- Johns Hopkins Surgery Center for Outcomes Research, Johns Hopkins University (J.C.), Baltimore, Maryland
| | - O'Rese J Knight
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (O.J.K.), Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Adrienne W Scott
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (D.S., A.W.S., F.W.), Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Laura Green
- Krieger Eye Institute, Sinai Hospital (L.G.), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Fasika Woreta
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (D.S., A.W.S., F.W.), Baltimore, Maryland.
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Gedde SJ, Feuer WJ, Crane AM, Shi W. Factors Influencing Career Decisions and Satisfaction Among Newly Practicing Ophthalmologists. Am J Ophthalmol 2022; 234:285-326. [PMID: 34157277 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2021.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the career choices of newly practicing ophthalmologists and explore factors influencing career decisions and satisfaction. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from an electronic survey of ophthalmologists who completed training within the prior 5 years. The survey included questions about demographic information, medical education, current practice, factors affecting career choices, and career satisfaction. Statistical comparisons were made based on gender, type of practice, subspecialty training, and practice area. RESULTS Surveys were completed by 696 (32%) newly practicing ophthalmologists, including 276 (40%) women, 179 (29%) academicians, and 465 (67%) subspecialists. A higher proportion of female respondents entered academics than male respondents (36% vs 26%, P = .009). Female and male respondents pursued fellowship training with similar frequency (64% vs 68%, P = .32), but men were more likely to seek vitreoretinal fellowships (30% vs 11%, P < .001) and women were more likely to undertake fellowships in pediatric ophthalmology (21% vs 8%, P < .001), uveitis (10% vs 2%, P = .002), and neuro-ophthalmology (6% vs 2%, P = .042). A total of 514 (83%) respondents reported being happy with work life. CONCLUSIONS The career choices of newly practicing ophthalmologists differ based on gender, type of practice, subspecialty training, and practice area. Many factors affect career decisions, and they have varying influence on subgroups within ophthalmology. Ophthalmologists have high levels of career satisfaction. This information may prove useful when developing workforce strategies to meet future eye care needs. NOTE: Publication of this article is sponsored by the American Ophthalmological Society.
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Knight OJ, Padovani-Claudio DA, Croteau-Chonka CC, Olivier MM, Miller-Ellis EG. Rabb–Venable Excellence in Ophthalmology Research Program: Contributions to Ophthalmology Workforce Diversity. JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC OPHTHALMOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1736215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- O'Rese J. Knight
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | | | - Mildred M.G. Olivier
- Department of Surgery, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois
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Cole J, Chen TA, Ahmad T, Parikh N. Ophthalmic Microsurgery Lab for Medical Students: Enhancing Learner Intrinsic Motivation and Comfort with Microsurgery. JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC OPHTHALMOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1740067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to evaluate the impact of an ophthalmic microsurgery laboratory on medical students' intrinsic motivation, explicit interest in ophthalmology, and comfort with microsurgical skills.
Design In this noncontrolled trial, medical students attended a Zoom-based lecture on corneal suturing, watched an instructional video on operating microscopes, and attended a wet laboratory on corneal suturing. Participants completed pre- and posttest surveys assessing comfort with microsurgical skills and explicit interest in ophthalmology. Additionally, the posttest survey included items from the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI).
Setting This study was conducted at a single academic medical center.
Participants A total of 20 students enrolled in the MD program at the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine.
Results Pre- and posttest response rates were 100% (n = 20) and 90% (n = 18), respectively. Comfort with microsurgical skills increased significantly between pre- and posttest surveys with large effect sizes (95% confidence interval [CI]; p-value): loading a needle, 1.67 (1.04–2.29; p < 0.001); passing a suture, 1.72 (1.04–2.40; p < 0.001); knot tying, 1.05 (0.34–1.76; p = 0.004); using a microscope, 0.83 (0.04–1.63; p = 0.040); and suturing under a microscope, 1.44 (0.88–2.00; p < 0.001). Comparing pre- and posttest surveys, students reporting moderate to extreme interest in ophthalmology increased from 44 to 61%. Intrinsic motivation was high, indicated by the mean IMI Interest score reaching 93% of the maximum score. Multiple linear regression analyses predicted that IMI Interest scores increased with higher scores of familiarity (p = 0.002), explicit interest in ophthalmology (p = 0.042), and comfort with microscopes (p = 0.005), knot tying (p = 0.026), and performing surgical maneuvers under a microscope (p = 0.032).
Conclusion Ophthalmic microsurgery laboratories may increase medical students' explicit interest in ophthalmology, comfort with microsurgical skills, and intrinsic motivation. Future studies are needed to evaluate the impact of microsurgical electives on students' objective skills and specialty selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Cole
- University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California
| | - Tiffany A. Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Tessnim Ahmad
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Neeti Parikh
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California
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[German national survey of lecturers in ophthalmology on student teaching in the 2020/21 corona pandemic]. Ophthalmologe 2021; 119:611-618. [PMID: 34888708 PMCID: PMC8656446 DOI: 10.1007/s00347-021-01544-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Hintergrund Die Corona-Pandemie hat einen erheblichen Einfluss auf die Bedingungen der universitären studentischen Lehre. Durch die pandemiebedingten Kontaktbeschränkungen kamen vielerorts digitale Lehrformate anstatt der bisherigen Präsenzlehre zum Einsatz. Diese wurde im Sommersemester 2020 durch die Studierenden in bisher vorliegenden Veröffentlichungen teils schon gut angenommen und positiv evaluiert. In dieser Arbeit wurde das Hauptaugenmerk auf die Erfahrungen und Einschätzungen der Lehrenden in der Augenheilkunde während des Wintersemesters 2020/21 gelegt. Methodik Anhand zweier anonymisierter Befragungen mittels Online-Fragebögen wurden zum einen die Lehrbeauftragten der Augenheilkunde der deutschen Universitätskliniken sowie zum anderen interne und externe Dozierende und Mitarbeitende in der studentischen Lehre der Augenklinik der Universitätsmedizin Mainz zu ihren Erfahrungen mit der Implementierung der digitalen Lehre befragt. Ergebnisse Hierbei gaben 95 % der Lehrbeauftragten der Augenkliniken der Universitätskliniken in Deutschland an, spätestens seit der Corona-Pandemie digitale Lehrkonzepte etabliert zu haben. Bei 68 % kamen Hybridformate mit anteiliger Präsenzlehre zum Einsatz. Es wurden vielfältige Lehrformate angewendet. Hierbei traten auch Schwierigkeiten, insbesondere in der Interaktion mit den Studierenden sowie durch unzureichende technische Ausstattung der Kliniken, auf. Trotz überwiegend digitaler Lehre wurden weiterhin erprobte Prüfungskonzepte in Präsenzform angewendet, nur 18 % der Befragten gaben an, Online-Prüfungen durchgeführt zu haben. Künftig wollen 86 % der Befragten digitale Formate in ihre Lehrkonzepte integrieren und als Ergänzung der bisherigen Präsenzlehre etablieren. Diskussion Die Entwicklung der studentischen Lehre während der Corona-Pandemie kann als Chance für die Gestaltung der zukünftigen Ausbildung von Medizinstudierenden in der Augenheilkunde dienen.
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Cui D, Wingert AM, Scott IU. Factors Influencing Choice of Medical Specialty among Ophthalmology and Non-Ophthalmology Residency Applicants. JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC OPHTHALMOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1728644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective The study aimed to investigate factors influencing choice of specialty among ophthalmology and non-ophthalmology residency applicants.
Patients and Methods Anonymous, web-based surveys were distributed through REDCap to the 2019 to 2020 residency applicants to the Penn State Department of Ophthalmology and, as a control group, Penn State medical students applying to non-ophthalmology residencies for the 2019 to 2020 cycle. The primary outcome was factors that influenced specialty choice among ophthalmology versus non-ophthalmology applicants. Secondary outcomes include hours of exposure to applicants' selected specialty in the medical school preclinical curriculum, and proportion of ophthalmology versus non-ophthalmology applicants who decided on, or developed a strong interest in, their specialty prior to clinical rotations.
Results Surveys were completed by 203/441 (46.0%) ophthalmology and 85/139 (61.1%) non-ophthalmology applicants. Fewer than 20 hours of exposure to an applicant's selected specialty were provided in the medical school preclinical curriculum for 86.7% of ophthalmology and 42.4% of non-ophthalmology applicants (p < 0.001). Ophthalmology applicants decided on, or developed a strong interest in, their selected specialty before clinical rotations at a similar rate to non-ophthalmology applicants (60.6 vs. 58.8%, respectively). Factors influencing specialty choice cited most commonly by ophthalmology applicants include professional satisfaction (94.1%), performing surgeries/procedures (92.6%), personal fit with specialty (91.1%), work-life balance (91.1%), and ability to see patients in a clinic setting (90.6%), compared to personal fit with specialty (95.3%)%, clinical rotation in selected specialty (95.3%), professional satisfaction (91.8%), intellectual stimulation (89.4%), and subinternship or away rotation (89.4%) among non-ophthalmology applicants.
Conclusion Professional satisfaction and personal fit with specialty were among the most commonly cited factors influencing specialty choice for both groups. Other factors cited most frequently by ophthalmology applicants include performing surgeries/procedures, work-life balance, and ability to see patients in a clinic setting. Despite limited ophthalmology exposure in medical school preclinical curricula, ophthalmology applicants decided on, or developed a strong interest in, their selected specialty before clinical rotations at a rate similar to non-ophthalmology applicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Cui
- Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Ingrid U. Scott
- Department of Ophthalmology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
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Lu ES, Bannerman A, Miller JB. Strategies to Increase Underrepresented Minority Trainees in the Ophthalmology Pipeline: Perspective From a Large Retina Research Laboratory. JOURNAL OF VITREORETINAL DISEASES 2021; 5:531-533. [PMID: 37007174 PMCID: PMC9976142 DOI: 10.1177/2474126421998607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward S. Lu
- Harvard Retinal Imaging Laboratory, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Augustine Bannerman
- Harvard Retinal Imaging Laboratory, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard College, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - John B. Miller
- Harvard Retinal Imaging Laboratory, Boston, MA, USA
- Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Aguwa UT, Srikumaran D, Brown N, Woreta F. Improving Racial Diversity in the Ophthalmology Workforce: A Call to Action for Leaders in Ophthalmology. Am J Ophthalmol 2021; 223:306-307. [PMID: 33393483 PMCID: PMC7578664 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2020.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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14
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Corson TW, Wallace DK. Modulating a summer ophthalmology research experience for medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL EDUCATION 2021; 12:34-35. [PMID: 33645529 PMCID: PMC8411333 DOI: 10.5116/ijme.600e.c0e4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy W. Corson
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - David K. Wallace
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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15
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Olivier MM, Forster S, Carter KD, Cruz OA, Lee PP. Lighting a Pathway: The Minority Ophthalmology Mentoring Program. Ophthalmology 2020; 127:848-851. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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16
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Bakshi SK, Ho AC, Chodosh J, Fung AT, Chan RVP, Ting DSW. Training in the year of the eye: the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ophthalmic education. Br J Ophthalmol 2020; 104:1181-1183. [PMID: 32586935 PMCID: PMC7577089 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-316991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Allen C Ho
- The Retina Service of Wills Eye Hospital, Mid Atlantic Retina, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James Chodosh
- Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Howe Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Adrian T Fung
- Discipline of Clinical Ophthalmology and Eye Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - R V Paul Chan
- Retina, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Daniel Shu Wei Ting
- Vitreo-Retinal Department, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore
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