1
|
Berndt A, Gaßler N, Franz M. Invasion-Associated Reorganization of Laminin 332 in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas: The Role of the Laminin γ2 Chain in Tumor Biology, Diagnosis, and Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194903. [PMID: 36230826 PMCID: PMC9564360 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The destructive growth of carcinomas is associated with crossing the border between the epithelial and the connective tissue parts of an organ. One component of this borderline, the basement membrane, is the heterotrimeric laminin 332, which mediates the adhesion of basal epithelial cells. This protein, in particular its gamma 2 chain, is fundamentally reorganized during tumor cell invasion. Specific deposition patterns of laminin 332 are also present in oral squamous cell carcinomas and have been shown to be of high diagnostic and predictive value. Furthermore, laminin 332 restructuring is associated with important tumor biological processes, e.g., stromal activation, the development of a motile phenotype, and tumor spreading. In this review, current knowledge in the field is summarized and the recommendation to consider laminin 332 as a promising grading and monitoring parameter and as a potential therapeutic target is discussed. Abstract Invasion of the connective tissue by carcinoma cells is accompanied by disintegration and reorganization of the hemidesmosomes, which connect the basement membrane to the basal epithelial cells. In terms of mediating the basement membrane, i.e., basal cell interactions, the heterotrimeric laminin 332 is the most important bridging molecule. Due to this distinct function, laminin 332, especially its gamma 2 chain, came into the focus of cancer research. Specific de novo synthesis and deposition patterns of laminin 332 are evident upon development and progression of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). Loss from the basement membrane, cytoplasmic accumulation, and extracellular deposition are associated with crucial processes such as stromal activation and immune response, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and tumor cell budding. In networks with components of the tumor microenvironment, altered expression of laminin 332 chains, proteolytic processing, and interaction with integrin receptors seem to promote cancer cell migration. Indeed, reorganization patterns are shown to have a high diagnostic and prognostic value. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on laminin 332 reorganization in OSCCs with special focus on its gamma 2 chain and provide, based on the current literature, evidence on its promising role as a grading and monitoring parameter and as a potential therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Berndt
- Section Pathology, Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-3641-939-70-61
| | - Nikolaus Gaßler
- Section Pathology, Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Marcus Franz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Potential Therapeutic Significance of Laminin in Head and Neck Squamous Carcinomas. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081890. [PMID: 33920762 PMCID: PMC8071176 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Head and neck cancers (HNC) account for approximately 500,000 new cases of tumors annually worldwide and are represented by upper aerodigestive tract malignant neoplasms, which particularly arise in oral cavity, larynx, and pharynx tissues. Thus, due to the biological diversity between the upper aerodigestive organs, and to the heterogeneity of risk factors associated with their malignant transformation, HNC behavior, and prognosis seem to strongly vary according to the tumor site. However, despite to the heterogeneity which characterizes head and neck tumors, squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) represent the predominant histopathologic HNC subtype. In this sense, it has been reported that SCC tumor biology is strongly associated with deregulations within the extracellular matrix compartment. Accordingly, it has been shown that laminin plays a remarkable role in the regulation of crucial events associated with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) progression, which opens the possibility that laminin may represent a convergence point in HNSCC natural history. Abstract Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are among the most common and lethal tumors worldwide, occurring mostly in oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx tissues. The squamous epithelia homeostasis is supported by the extracellular matrix (ECM), and alterations in this compartment are crucial for cancer development and progression. Laminin is a fundamental component of ECM, where it represents one of the main components of basement membrane (BM), and data supporting its contribution to HNSCC genesis and progression has been vastly explored in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. Laminin subtypes 111 (LN-111) and 332 (LN-332) are the main isoforms associated with malignant transformation, contributing to proliferation, adhesion, migration, invasion, and metastasis, due to its involvement in the regulation of several pathways associated with HNSCC carcinogenesis, including the activation of the EGFR/MAPK signaling pathway. Therefore, it draws attention to the possibility that laminin may represent a convergence point in HNSCC natural history, and an attractive potential therapeutic target for these tumors.
Collapse
|
3
|
Sigston EAW, Longano A, Strzelecki AT, Williams BRG. Surgical margins in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Effect of heat artifact on immunohistochemistry as a future tool for assessment. Head Neck 2016; 38:1401-6. [PMID: 27043324 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 01/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Margins in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are determined by morphological changes assessed via hematoxylin-eosin staining. Physiological changes may not be detected by this technique. The purpose of this study was to determine if a protein biomarker, laminin-332γ2, overexpressed in cancer cells at the invasive front in HNSCC, remains unaffected by heat produced during resection, supporting a role for immunohistochemistry assessment of margins. METHODS Archived tissue blocks from glottic squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) resected by CO2 laser likely to contain both cancer cells and artifact were identified; 129-paired slides were obtained. One slide of each pair was stained with hematoxylin-eosin; the second stained for laminin-332γ2. The presence of cancer cells, artifact, and positive laminin-332γ2 staining was recorded. Twenty-seven pairs met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry staining of laminin-332γ is preserved in presence of heat artifact. CONCLUSION This study supports use of immunohistochemistry to assess margins. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 1401-1406, 2016.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A W Sigston
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Monash Health (previously Southern Health), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Surgery (Monash Medical Centre), Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anthony Longano
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Monash Health (previously Southern Health), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aneta T Strzelecki
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bryan R G Williams
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nguyen CTK, Okamura T, Morita KI, Yamaguchi S, Harada H, Miki Y, Izumo T, Kayamori K, Yamaguchi A, Sakamoto K. LAMC2 is a predictive marker for the malignant progression of leukoplakia. J Oral Pathol Med 2016; 46:223-231. [DOI: 10.1111/jop.12485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chi Thi Kim Nguyen
- Department of Oral Pathology; Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Takeshi Okamura
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery; Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Kei-ichi Morita
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery; Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamaguchi
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery; Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Harada
- Department of Oral Surgery; Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Yoshio Miki
- Department of Molecular Genetics; Medical Research Institute; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Izumo
- Department of Diagnostic Oral Pathology; Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Kou Kayamori
- Department of Oral Pathology; Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Akira Yamaguchi
- Oral Health Science Center; Tokyo Dental College; Tokyo Japan
| | - Kei Sakamoto
- Department of Oral Pathology; Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is an aggressive disease accounting for more than 260,000 cancer cases diagnosed and 128,000 deaths worldwide. A large majority of cancer deaths result from cancers that have metastasized beyond the primary tumor. The relationship between genetic changes and clinical outcome can reflect the biological events that promote cancer's aggressive behavior, and these can serve as molecular markers for improved patient management and survival. To this end, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a major process that promotes tumor invasion and metastasis, making EMT-related proteins attractive diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. In this study, we used immunohistochemistry to study the expression of a panel of transcription factors (TWIST1, SNAI1/2, ZEB1 and ZEB2) and other genes intimately related to EMT (CDH1 and LAMC2) at the invasive tumor front of OSCC tissues. The association between the expression of these proteins and clinico-pathological parameters were examined with Pearson Chi-square and correlation with survival was analyzed using Kaplan Meier analysis. Our results demonstrate that there was a significant differential expression of CDH1, LAMC2, SNAI1/2 and TWIST1 between OSCC and normal oral mucosa (NOM). Specifically, CDH1 loss was significantly associated with Broder's grading, while diffused LAMC2 was similarly associated with non-cohesive pattern of invasion. Notably, co-expression of TWIST1 and ZEB2 in OSCC was significantly associated with poorer overall survival, particularly in patients without detectable lymph node metastasis. This study demonstrates that EMT-related proteins are differentially expressed in OSCC and that the co-expression of TWIST1 and ZEB2 could be of clinical value in identifying patients with poor survival for appropriate patient management.
Collapse
|
6
|
Masuda M, Toh S, Wakasaki T, Suzui M, Joe AK. Somatic evolution of head and neck cancer - biological robustness and latent vulnerability. Mol Oncol 2012; 7:14-28. [PMID: 23168041 PMCID: PMC5528403 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2012.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Revised: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advancements in multidisciplinary treatments, the overall survival and quality of life of patients with advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) have not improved significantly over the past decade. Molecular targeted therapies, which have been addressed and advanced by the concept of “oncogene addiction”, have demonstrated only limited successes so far. To explore a novel clue for clinically effective targeted therapies, we analyzed the molecular circuitry of HNSCC through the lens that HNSCC is an evolving system. In the trajectory of this somatic evolution, HNSCC acquires biological robustness under a variety of selective pressures including genetic, epigenetic, micro‐environmental and metabolic stressors, which well explains the major mechanism of “escaping from oncogene addiction”. On the other hand, this systemic view appears to instruct us approaches to target latent vulnerability of HNSCC that is masked behind the plasticity and evolvability of this complex adaptive system. There is an urgent need to develop a novel conceptual framework for the treatment of HNSCC. The biological robustness of HNSCC was analyzed through a somatic evolution model. This model well explains the mechanism of “escaping from oncogene addiction”. We discuss about the possible approaches to target vulnerability of evolving HNSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muneyuki Masuda
- Department of Head & Neck Surgery, National Kyushu Cancer Center, 3-1-1, Notame, Minamiku, Fukuoka 811-1395, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dos Santos AM, Carneiro FP, Queiroz AJR, Damasceno EAM, de Castro TMML, de Amorim RFB, Takano GHS, Junqueira MIMB, de Magalhães AV. Expression of laminin-5 γ2 chain in cutaneous pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia. J Cutan Pathol 2011; 38:871-5. [PMID: 21955313 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0560.2011.01780.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the use of laminin-5 as a marker of invasiveness has been proposed by several authors, our objective was to compare the expression of this protein in pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). METHODS Sixty-four paraffin-embedded skin biopsy samples with diagnosis of epidermal hyperplasia (non-pseudocarcinomatous), pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia, actinic keratosis/carcinoma in situ, microinvasive and frankly invasive SCC were obtained for immunohistochemical study. RESULTS Adjacent normal epithelium and epidermal hyperplasia (non-pseudocarcinomatous) showed no staining. In pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia, laminin-5 was positive, at least focally, in 14 of 16 (87.5%) samples and was concentrated in peripheral cells of elongated rete pegs and in migrating cells in dermis. In samples of microinvasive carcinoma (n = 7), the expression was observed in all cases and was concentrated in the leading edge of the tumor. All cases (n = 21) of frankly invasive SCC showed cells expressing laminin-5, at least focally. Well-differentiated areas of the tumor presented a pattern of expression in peripheral cells of tumor nests while a diffuse pattern of expression was observed in less differentiated areas. CONCLUSION We showed that cytoplasmic laminin-5 expression should not be used as a criterion of malignancy and is not useful in distinguishing pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia from microinvasive and well-differentiated SCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aline M Dos Santos
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zargaran M, Eshghyar N, Vaziri PB, Mortazavi H. Immunohistochemical evaluation of type IV collagen and laminin-332 γ2 chain expression in well-differentiated oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral verrucous carcinoma: a new recommended cut-off. J Oral Pathol Med 2011; 40:167-73. [PMID: 21158930 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2010.00983.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Invasion and metastasis are two characteristics of malignant tumors, which perform by proteolytic destruction of the components of basement membrane (BM) and cell migration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical (IHC) assessment of type IV collagen and laminin-332 γ2 (Ln-332 γ2) chain expression in well-differentiated oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral verrucous carcinoma (OVC), because these two lesions have same histopathologic findings whereas they have different biological behaviors. METHODS Destruction of BM and cell migration were evaluated by IHC in 15 cases of epithelial hyperplasia with no dysplasia (A group), 15 cases of OVC (B group) and 15 cases of well-differentiated OSCC (C group). RESULTS There was a significant difference in type IV collagen immunohistochemical staining between three groups, but there were no significant differences between B and C groups. Expression of Ln-332 γ2 chain was not detected in A group. Ln-332 γ2 chain labeling index had significantly difference between B and C groups. The number of Ln-332 γ2 chain immunostaining positive cells was less than 5% in B group and over than 5% in C group which there were significantly differences between these two groups. CONCLUSIONS Isolated immunohistochemical study of type IV collagen does not clearly define that a lesion is invasive or non-invasive and evaluation of Ln-332 γ2 chain expression (cut-off 5%) may be useful as a marker for description of biological differences and diagnosis of OVC from well-differentiated OSCC, especially in doubtful cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Massoumeh Zargaran
- Dental Research Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Dental School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ghosh S, Koblinski J, Johnson J, Liu Y, Ericsson A, Davis JW, Shi Z, Ravosa MJ, Crawford S, Frazier S, Stack MS. Urinary-type plasminogen activator receptor/alpha 3 beta 1 integrin signaling, altered gene expression, and oral tumor progression. Mol Cancer Res 2010; 8:145-58. [PMID: 20145038 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-09-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has 50% 5-year survival rate, highlighting our limited understanding of the molecular events that contribute to disease progression. Microarray analyses of primary oral tumors have identified urinary-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its receptor (uPAR) as key genes associated with human OSCC progression. The uPAR functions as both a proteinase receptor and an integrin ligand, modifying proteolysis, migration, integrin signaling, and cellular transcription. In the current study, uPAR expression levels were modified in OSCC cells followed by analysis of tumor growth in an in vivo orthotopic xenograft model and by transcriptional profiling. Overexpression of uPAR resulted in more infiltrative and less differentiated tumors, with ill-defined borders, cytologic atypia, and enhanced vascularity. Analysis of serial sections of both murine experimental tumors and microarrayed human OSCC showed a statistically significant association between uPAR and alpha(3) integrin colocalization in areas exhibiting extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation, suggesting that uPAR/alpha(3) integrin interaction potentiates extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling in vivo. This is supported by cDNA microarray analysis, which showed differential expression of 148 genes (113 upregulated and 35 downregulated). Validation of gene expression changes in human OSCC using immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time PCR showed increased growth factors, proteinases/inhibitors, and matrix components in uPAR-overexpressing tumors. Together, these results support a model wherein increased uPAR expression promotes alpha(3)beta(1) integrin association, resulting in increased mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling and transcriptional activation, leading to the formation of more aggressive tongue tumors. This combined approach has efficacy to identify additional biomarkers and/or prognostic indicators associated with aggressive human OSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Supurna Ghosh
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg Medical School, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Scully C, Bagan JV. Oral squamous cell carcinoma: overview of current understanding of aetiopathogenesis and clinical implications. Oral Dis 2009; 15:388-99. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2009.01563.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
11
|
Kuratomi Y, Sato S, Monji M, Shimazu R, Tanaka G, Yokogawa K, Inoue A, Inokuchi A, Katayama M. Serum concentrations of laminin gamma2 fragments in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2008; 30:1058-63. [PMID: 18446818 DOI: 10.1002/hed.20838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The laminin (LN) gamma2 chain expression has been linked to tumor invasion and prognosis. To provide a convenient clinical use, procedures that analyze LNgamma2 expression by using the serum and/or urine of patients should be developed. METHODS The serum concentrations of the N-terminal fragments of the LNgamma2 chain in 73 patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas were measured by immunoassay. RESULTS The concentrations of the LNgamma2 fragments ranged between 14.5 and 324.2 ng/mL, and the normal upper limit was estimated to be 50 ng/mL. The LNgamma2 fragment concentrations increased according to the T classification. The amount of elevated LNgamma2 fragment concentrations decreased after the use of curative treatments. Three patients displayed a continuous increase of the concentrations and subsequently died of the diseases. CONCLUSIONS The serum concentrations of the LNgamma2 fragments may prove useful in assessing the treatment results and clinical courses of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Kuratomi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Shou JZ, Hu N, Takikita M, Roth MJ, Johnson LL, Giffen C, Wang QH, Wang C, Wang Y, Su H, Kong LH, Emmert-Buck MR, Goldstein AM, Hewitt SM, Taylor PR. Overexpression of CDC25B and LAMC2 mRNA and protein in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas and premalignant lesions in subjects from a high-risk population in China. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008; 17:1424-35. [PMID: 18559558 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-06-0666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular events associated with the initiation and progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remain poorly understood but likely hold the key to effective early detection approaches for this almost invariably fatal cancer. CDC25B and LAMC2 are two promising early detection candidates emerging from new molecular studies of ESCC. To further elucidate the role of these two genes in esophageal carcinogenesis, we did a series of studies to (a) confirm RNA overexpression, (b) establish the prevalence of protein overexpression, (c) relate protein overexpression to survival, and (d) explore their potential as early detection biomarkers. Results of these studies indicated that CDC25B mRNA was overexpressed (>/=2-fold overexpression in tumor compared with normal) in 64% of the 73 ESCC cases evaluated, whereas LAMC2 mRNA was overexpressed in 89% of cases. CDC25B protein expression was categorized as positive in 59% (144 of 243) of ESCC cases on a tumor tissue microarray, and nonnegative LAMC2 patterns of protein expression were observed in 82% (225 of 275) of cases. Multivariate-adjusted proportional hazard regression models showed no association between CDC25B protein expression score and risk of death [hazard ratio (HR) for each unit increase in expression score, 1.00; P = 0.90]; however, several of the LAMC2 protein expression patterns strongly predicted survival. Using the cytoplasmic pattern as the reference (the pattern with the lowest mortality), cases with a diffuse pattern had a 254% increased risk of death (HR, 3.52; P = 0.007), cases with no LAMC2 expression had a 169% increased risk of death (HR, 2.69; P = 0.009), and cases with a peripheral pattern had a 130% greater risk of death (HR, 2.30; P = 0.02). CDC25B protein expression scores in subjects with esophageal biopsies diagnosed as normal (n = 35), dysplastic (n = 23), or ESCC (n = 32) increased significantly with morphologic progression. For LAMC2, all normal and dysplastic patients had a continuous pattern of protein expression, whereas all ESCCs showed alternative, noncontinuous patterns. This series of studies showed that both CDC25B and LAMC2 overexpress RNA and protein in a significant majority of ESCC cases. The strong relation of LAMC2 pattern of protein expression to survival suggests a role in prognosis, whereas the association of CDC25B with morphologic progression indicates a potential role as an early detection marker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Zhong Shou
- Pathology Laboratory, Advanced Technology Center, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-4605, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
This paper reviews the main papers related to oral squamous cell carcinoma published in 2006 in oral oncology - an international interdisciplinary journal which publishes high quality original research, clinical trials and review articles, and all other scientific articles relating to the aetiopathogenesis, epidemiology, prevention, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and management of patients with neoplasms in the head and neck, and orofacial disease in patients with malignant disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Crispian Scully
- Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, 256 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|