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Shan C, Hui W, Li H, Wang Z, Guo C, Peng R, Gu J, Chen Y, Ouyang Q. Discovery of Novel Autophagy Inhibitors and Their Sensitization Abilities for Vincristine-Resistant Esophageal Cancer Cell Line Eca109/VCR. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:970-981. [PMID: 32207878 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Resistance phenomena, especially acquired drug resistance, have been severely hampering the application of chemotherapeutics during cancer chemotherapy. Autophagy plays a role in maintaining the survival of cancer cells and might mediate resistance to chemotherapy drugs. Herein, a new series of 5-amino-2-ether-benzamide derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as autophagy inhibitors. Selected from 14 synthesized compounds as lead autophagy inhibitor, N-(cyclohexylmethyl)-5-(((cyclohexylmethyl)amino)methyl)-2-((4-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl)oxy)benzamide (4 d) showed the most obvious effect of LC3B protein conversion. Further, its autophagy inhibition, evaluated by using transmission electron microscopy and confocal microscopy, showed that the fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes in the final stage of autophagic flux was suppressed. We also found that 4 d could enhance the chemosensitivity of vincristine in vincristine-resistant esophageal cancer cell line Eca109/VCR in a synergistic, associative manner. Moreover, a computational study showed that 4 d might bind with p62-zz to inhibit autophagy. We also found 4 d to be relatively less cytotoxic to normal cells versus cancer cells than the reported p62-zz inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyu Shan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Wenqi Hui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.,Pharmacy Department, Xi' an Fifth Hospital, Xi' an, Shanxi Province, 710082, China
| | - Hongwei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, Sichuan, 643000, China
| | - Chunling Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ruikun Peng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jing Gu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yingchun Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Qin Ouyang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
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Lu Y, Jiang L, Chen C, Chen H, Yao Q. Clinicopathologic characteristics and outcomes of papillary thyroid carcinoma in younger patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19795. [PMID: 32282744 PMCID: PMC7220731 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In the 7th edition of AJCC staging system, cervical lymph node metastases (LNM) in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is considered as a poorer prognostic indicator only in patients aged 45 years or older, but as a low-risk factor in patients younger than 45 years. The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of cervical LNM on prognostic outcomes of young patients (<45 years' old) with PTC.We carried out a retrospective analysis of 1896 PTC patients younger than 45 years' old at diagnosis, who were firstly treated in our department between January 2005 and December 2014. Clinicopathologic features, recurrences, disease-free survival (DFS) were recorded and analyzed.A total of 1896 consecutive patients were identified, comprising of 426 males and 1470 females after a median follow-up period of 40 months (3-129 months) from initial surgery to disease recurrence or to the end of follow-up. The rate of recurrence was 2.16% (n = 41). The DFS rates for a 1-year, 3-year, or 5-year team were 99.1%, 97.8%, or 97.4%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that diagnosed age ≤30 years, tumor size >1.0 cm, extrathyroidal extension, multifocal lesions, lesions in bilateral lobes, central neck LNM, and lateral neck LNM were associated with a worse DFS. Multivariate analysis showed that only central neck LNM and lateral neck LNM were significant independent prognostic factors for DFS (P < .001). For patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma, cervical LNM were also identified as independent risk factors for DFS (P < .001).LNM have prognostic significance for DFS in PTC patients younger than 45 years. It indicated that PTC patients (<45 years old) with LNM, especially lateral neck LNM, were understaged by the 7th edition of AJCC staging system. Thus, radical resection of primary tumor and metastatic lymph nodes, frequent follow-up, and strict TSH suppression should be taken for young patients with PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lu
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of cancer research and basic medical sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cancer hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital
| | - Lin Jiang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of cancer research and basic medical sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cancer hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of cancer research and basic medical sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cancer hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital
| | - Haitao Chen
- First Clinical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University
| | - Qinghua Yao
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of cancer research and basic medical sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cancer hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Oncology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, P.R. China
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Sakorafas GH, Koureas A, Mpampali I, Balalis D, Nasikas D, Ganztzoulas S. Patterns of Lymph Node Metastasis in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer; Clinical Implications with Particular Emphasis on the Emerging Role of Compartment-Oriented Lymph Node Dissection. Oncol Res Treat 2019; 42:143-147. [PMID: 30799429 DOI: 10.1159/000488905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in modern imaging allow an accurate identification of involved or suspicious lymph nodes within the nodal compartments of the neck. Careful ultrasonographic lymphatic mapping of the neck by an experienced radiologist allows a targeted, compartment-oriented (or selective) lymph node dissection to be performed instead of the more extensive modified radical lymph node dissection. Compartment-oriented lymph node dissection necessitates the close cooperation of an experienced radiologist with a particular interest in thyroid and neck ultrasonography. There is emerging evidence that this more conservative strategy allows local control of the disease while at the same time morbidity is minimized and a better cosmetic result is achieved. Further investigation is needed to establish the precise role of this interesting surgical approach.
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Won HR, Chang JW, Kang YE, Kang JY, Koo BS. Optimal extent of lateral neck dissection for well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma with metastatic lateral neck lymph nodes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Oral Oncol 2018; 87:117-125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2018.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Saadi R, LaRusso S, Vijay K, Goldenberg D. Elastography as a potential modality for screening cervical lymph nodes in patients with papillary thyroid cancer: A review of literature. EAR, NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL 2018; 97:31-39. [PMID: 29493721 DOI: 10.1177/0145561318097001-224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillary thyroid cancer often presents with cervical lymph node involvement and has a high incidence of recurrence, which requires routine follow-up with ultrasound imaging. Elastography is a novel ultrasound technique that has been demonstrated to be effective clinically in detecting tissue pathology in areas such as the liver and breast. Preliminary data suggest that it may be effective in screening tissues in the neck for malignancy, specifically cervical lymph nodes. However, diagnostic criteria and elastographic techniques vary significantly among the studies we have reviewed, which all tend to focus on populations of patients with many different types of primary malignancies. Further research is required on the feasibility of creating standardized and reproducible clinical criteria in a specific patient population. To study the clinical utility of elastography in cervical lymph nodes, patients with diagnosed papillary thyroid carcinoma may serve as an ideal population because of their need for ultrasound surveillance and the propensity of papillary thyroid cancer to metastasize to and recur in cervical lymph nodes. We will review the limitations, techniques, and reported clinical utility of elastography on cervical lymph nodes and its potential as a screening modality for papillary thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Saadi
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, 500 University Dr., H091, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA
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Minkara A, Dhanda-Patil R, Patil Y. Syncope caused by a pleomorphic adenoma: Case report and literature review. EAR, NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL 2018; 97:E23-E26. [PMID: 29493727 DOI: 10.1177/0145561318097001-206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pleomorphic adenomas are considered the most common salivary gland tumors, although they rarely occur in the parapharyngeal space. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of a parapharyngeal parotid pleomorphic adenoma causing syncope. A 57-year-old man was admitted for left-sided blurred vision, left-sided weakness, dysarthria, lightheadedness, and syncope. Upon his admission, an electrocardiogram showed sinus bradycardia, and computed tomography of the neck with contrast showed a large parapharyngeal mass involving the prestyloid compartment, leading to compression of blood flow through the internal carotid artery. The mass was biopsied via intraoral fine-needle aspiration, which revealed cytology consistent with pleomorphic adenoma. The mass was resected via a transcervical approach, and a total parotidectomy was performed. The patient's hypotensive and bradycardic episodes disappeared after surgery. Surgical pathology showed a benign pleomorphic adenoma with a hemorrhagic and necrotic center and without capsular invasion or malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anas Minkara
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, PO Box 670528, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0528, USA
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Huang M, Yan C, Wei H, Lv Y, Ling R. Clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of thyroid cancer in northwest China: A population-based retrospective study of 2490 patients. Thorac Cancer 2018; 9:1453-1460. [PMID: 30209893 PMCID: PMC6209792 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.12858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The specific clinical features of thyroid cancer patients in northwest China are unclear; therefore, we analyzed the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of this population. Methods Clinical characteristics including age, gender, blood type, histological type, and BRAFV600E gene mutation; and incidence; risk factors; surgical treatment; and prognosis were recorded. Results A total of 2490 thyroid cancer patients were included; 98% were diagnosed with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Weight, blood type, histological type, and BRAFV600E gene mutation rates were significantly different. Pediatric thyroid cancer patients had higher lymph node metastasis, lower BRAFV600E mutation, and 6.2–9.2% greater recurrence rates than adult patients. PTC and papillary thyroid microcarcinoma displayed similar features, while in other types, such as follicular and medullary thyroid cancer, there were variations. Multiple logistic analyses showed that age (odds ratio [OR] 0.957, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.944–0.970; P < 0.001), focal status (OR 16.174, 95% CI 9.257–28.262; P < 0.001), pathology (OR 0.642, 95% CI 0.473–0.871; P = 0.004) and lymph node metastasis (OR 0.059, 95% CI 0.033–0.107; P < 0.001) were independent factors for BRAFV600E mutation. Conclusion Most real world clinicopathological features, treatment, and prognosis of thyroid cancer are similar to reported data, such as the higher incidence of disease in women and the larger proportion of PTC. However, the results in pediatric patients and those with BRAF gene mutations are controversial and require more clinical incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Huang
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Changjiao Yan
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongliang Wei
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yonggang Lv
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui Ling
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Cracchiolo J, Wong R. Management of the lateral neck in well differentiated thyroid cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol 2018; 44:332-337. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Wu ZG, Yan XQ, Su RS, Ma ZS, Xie BJ, Cao FL. How Many Contralateral Carcinomas in Patients with Unilateral Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma are Preoperatively Misdiagnosed as Benign? World J Surg 2017; 41:129-135. [PMID: 27541032 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-016-3701-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The decision to perform a total thyroidectomy (TT) for unilateral papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) with nodules in the contralateral lobe remains controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the rate of contralateral carcinomas that are preoperatively misdiagnosed as benign. METHODS From October 2011 to October 2015, a total of 347 patients with unilateral PTMC and contralateral benign nodules who were treated with a TT at a single institution were enrolled. All patients underwent preoperative fine needle aspiration and ultrasonography (US). Clinicopathological features such as age, sex, laterality, tumor size, central lymph node metastases, capsular invasion, TgAb and TPOAb levels, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, nodule number in both lobes according to preoperative US, and primary carcinoma number in the final postoperative pathology report were all analyzed to investigate the rate and predictive factors of contralateral carcinoma. RESULTS A total of 100 patients (28.9 %) were diagnosed with papillary thyroid carcinoma in the contralateral lobe. A multivariate analysis showed that tumor size, nodule number in the contralateral lobe, and multifocality of the primary tumor were all independent predictive factors of contralateral carcinoma in patients with unilateral PTMC and contralateral benign nodules. CONCLUSIONS According to our findings, the rate at which contralateral carcinomas are preoperatively misdiagnosed as benign is 28.9 %. A TT is essential for unilateral PTMC with a primary tumor size >5 mm, multifocal primary carcinomas or multifocal benign nodules in the contralateral lobe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng Gui Wu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xing Qiang Yan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ru Si Su
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhao Sheng Ma
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bo Jian Xie
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei Lin Cao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China.
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Samuel P, Fabbri M, Carter DRF. Mechanisms of Drug Resistance in Cancer: The Role of Extracellular Vesicles. Proteomics 2017; 17. [PMID: 28941129 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201600375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance remains a major barrier to the successful treatment of cancer. The mechanisms by which therapeutic resistance arises are multifactorial. Recent evidence has shown that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a role in mediating drug resistance. EVs are small vesicles carrying a variety of macromolecular cargo released by cells into the extracellular space and can be taken up into recipient cells, resulting in transfer of cellular material. EVs can mediate drug resistance by several mechanisms. They can serve as a pathway for sequestration of cytotoxic drugs, reducing the effective concentration at target sites. They can act as decoys carrying membrane proteins and capturing monoclonal antibodies intended to target receptors at the cell surface. EVs from resistant tumor cells can deliver mRNA, miRNA, long noncoding RNA, and protein inducing resistance in sensitive cells. This provides a new model for how resistance that arises can then spread through a heterogeneous tumor. EVs also mediate cross-talk between cancer cells and stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment, leading to tumor progression and acquisition of therapeutic resistance. In this review, we will describe what is known about how EVs can induce drug resistance, and discuss the ways in which EVs could be used as therapeutic targets or diagnostic markers for managing cancer treatment. While further characterization of the vesiculome and the mechanisms of EV function are still required, EVs offer an exciting opportunity in the fight against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Samuel
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Muller Fabbri
- Department of Pediatrics and Microbiology & Molecular Immunology University of Southern California-Keck School of Medicine Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Raul Francisco Carter
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
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Wang K, Wu G. Intraoperative Neuromonitoring in Selective Neck Dissection for Thyroid Cancer: SND (IIa–Vb) with Wu Gaosong's Procedure. VideoEndocrinology 2016. [DOI: 10.1089/ve.2016.0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Gaosong Wu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
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Lim YC, Liu L, Chang JW, Koo BS. Lateral lymph node recurrence after total thyroidectomy and central neck dissection in patients with papillary thyroid cancer without clinical evidence of lateral neck metastasis. Oral Oncol 2016; 62:109-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Bansal N, Mishra SK, Sabaretnam M. Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma with Exclusive Involvement of a Functioning Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve may be Treated with Shaving Technique. World J Surg 2015; 39:1852. [PMID: 25651965 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-015-2990-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naval Bansal
- Endocrine Surgery Department, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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