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Wang X, Cheng H, Xiong J, Liu J, Dong H, Fu L, Xie X, Shan X, Zhao X, Yan Y, Xiao P, Mi J. Exploring Visceral Fat as a Screening Marker for Cardiometabolic Risk in Children and Adolescents. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2025; 12:308. [PMID: 40150591 PMCID: PMC11941014 DOI: 10.3390/children12030308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2025] [Revised: 02/19/2025] [Accepted: 02/22/2025] [Indexed: 03/29/2025]
Abstract
Objective: To establish and validate age- and sex-specific visceral fat area (VFA) cutoff values for the effective identification of cardiometabolic risk (CMR) in children and adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 8133 participants was conducted to derive age- and sex-specific VFA cutoffs, which were validated in a longitudinal cohort comprising 10,805 individuals. The predictive performance of the derived VFA cutoffs for CMR was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Additionally, logistic regression models were utilized to calculate the relative risk (RR) of CMR associated with elevated VFA levels. Results: The 75th percentile of the VFA was identified as the optimal cutoff for screening for hypertension, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and CMR clustering in boys. In girls, the 75th percentile was optimal for screening hypertension, dyslipidemia, and CMR clustering, while the 80th percentile proved best for hyperglycemia. No significant difference in predicative performance was observed between the optimal and simplified VFA cutoffs. Longitudinal validation demonstrated that individuals exceeding the VFA cutoff had a significantly higher risk for CMR, with RRs ranging from 1.33 to 3.89 (all p < 0.001) for boys and from 1.63 to 3.16 (all p < 0.001) for girls. Notably, normal-weight boys with VFA above the cutoff had a significantly higher CMR risk compared to their peers in other weight status categories. Conclusions: Both the optimal and simplified VFA cutoffs are robust tools for screening CMR in Chinese children and adolescents, with significant implications for early intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- Center for Non-Communicable Disease Management, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing 100035, China; (X.W.); (H.D.); (L.F.); (X.X.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Hong Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100035, China; (H.C.); (J.L.); (X.S.); (X.Z.)
| | - Jingfan Xiong
- Department of Child and Adolescent Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen 518000, China;
| | - Junting Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100035, China; (H.C.); (J.L.); (X.S.); (X.Z.)
| | - Hongbo Dong
- Center for Non-Communicable Disease Management, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing 100035, China; (X.W.); (H.D.); (L.F.); (X.X.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Liwan Fu
- Center for Non-Communicable Disease Management, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing 100035, China; (X.W.); (H.D.); (L.F.); (X.X.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Xiangjun Xie
- Center for Non-Communicable Disease Management, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing 100035, China; (X.W.); (H.D.); (L.F.); (X.X.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Xinying Shan
- Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100035, China; (H.C.); (J.L.); (X.S.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100035, China; (H.C.); (J.L.); (X.S.); (X.Z.)
| | - Yinkun Yan
- Center for Non-Communicable Disease Management, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing 100035, China; (X.W.); (H.D.); (L.F.); (X.X.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Pei Xiao
- Center for Non-Communicable Disease Management, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing 100035, China; (X.W.); (H.D.); (L.F.); (X.X.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Jie Mi
- Center for Non-Communicable Disease Management, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing 100035, China; (X.W.); (H.D.); (L.F.); (X.X.); (Y.Y.)
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Sineglazova AV, Fakhrutdinova AS, Asatullina ZR, Mustafina GR, Kim TY, Nurieva AR, Parve S. Primary and residual cardiometabolic risk factors among young adults in a Russian city. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2024; 43:166. [PMID: 39444051 PMCID: PMC11515628 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-024-00658-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 10/05/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of mortality and a significant contributor to temporary and permanent disabilities worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the burden of primary and residual cardiometabolic risk factors in a sample of young adults in the Russian city of Kazan. METHODS This case-control study used the Cardiometabolic Disease Staging (CMDS) classification system, which has been validated in several countries. The study included 191 individuals aged 25-44 years who met the inclusion criteria but did not meet any exclusion criteria. Data collection involved a patient card with questions from the World Health Organization's STEPS instrument, face-to-face patient interviews, and a physical examination. Anthropometric assessments included height, weight, and waist circumference measurements. Body composition was evaluated using bioelectrical impedance measurements. Patients also underwent in-depth laboratory biochemical analyses. RESULTS The study cohort was comprised of 97 females (50.8%) and 94 males (49.2%). The median age of participants was 35.00 years [IQR: 30.00-39.00]. The study cohort showed an increase in all anthropometric parameters, with abdominal obesity and overweight reaching 100% in the CMDS 3. Apart from atherogenic lipids and raised blood pressure, other risk factors that precipitate residual risk and were not part of CMDS, such as insulin levels, insulin resistance, leptin values, and hyperuricemia, increased as CMDS levels increased. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors was high in young adults in Kazan. This study highlights the need for the early identification and management of cardiometabolic risk factors in young adults to prevent the development of cardiovascular diseases later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albina V Sineglazova
- Department of Primary Care and General Practice, Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan State Medical University, Russian Federation, 49 Butlerov Str, Kazan, 420012, Russia
| | - Aliya S Fakhrutdinova
- Department of Primary Care and General Practice, Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan State Medical University, Russian Federation, 49 Butlerov Str, Kazan, 420012, Russia
| | - Zemfira R Asatullina
- Department of Primary Care and General Practice, Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan State Medical University, Russian Federation, 49 Butlerov Str, Kazan, 420012, Russia
| | - Guzel R Mustafina
- Department of Primary Care and General Practice, Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan State Medical University, Russian Federation, 49 Butlerov Str, Kazan, 420012, Russia
| | - Taisiya Y Kim
- Department of Primary Care and General Practice, Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan State Medical University, Russian Federation, 49 Butlerov Str, Kazan, 420012, Russia
| | - Albina R Nurieva
- Department of Primary Care and General Practice, Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan State Medical University, Russian Federation, 49 Butlerov Str, Kazan, 420012, Russia
| | - Swapnil Parve
- Department of Primary Care and General Practice, Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan State Medical University, Russian Federation, 49 Butlerov Str, Kazan, 420012, Russia.
- Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Sawangi, Meghe, Maharashtra, 442107, India.
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Evaluation of Arterial Stiffness and Its Relation to Innovative Anthropometric Indices in Persian Adults. Int J Hypertens 2023; 2023:2180923. [PMID: 36726690 PMCID: PMC9886491 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2180923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background BMI has been evaluated as an old criterion to evaluate obesity in individuals, but it does not assess abdominal obesity and lean mass. We aimed to evaluate the possible relationship of new anthropometric indices (namely, a body shape index (ABSI), the body roundness index (BRI), the visceral adiposity index (VAI), the visceral fat area (VFA), and waist-hip ratio (WHR)), with one of the known critical factors of atherosclerosis, arterial stiffness. Methods Overall 5921 individuals were enrolled and were divided into four groups according to BMI. Novel anthropometric parameters including, ABSI, BRI, VAI, VFA, and WHR were calculated. The carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV) was used to evaluate arterial stiffness. Multiple regression analysis was performed to assess the relationship between cf-PWV and innovative Anthropometric indices. Results This study population consisted of 3109 women and 2812 males. In men with overweight, cf-PWV was significantly related to BMI, ABSI, BRI, WC, VAI, VFA, and WHR. However, among men with obesity, cf-PWV was associated with BRI, VAI, and VFA. Among women with overweight, cf-PWV was also related to all mentioned indices except ABSI; although, cf-PWV was only associated with VFA and WHR in women with obesity. Conclusion Our results showed that VFA in women and VAI in men are strongly related to arterial stiffness and can be used to identify predictors of vascular disease or organic vascular dysfunction.
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Yu P, Yang H, Qi X, Bai R, Zhang S, Gong J, Mei Y, Hu P. Gender differences in the ideal cutoffs of visceral fat area for predicting MAFLD in China. Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:148. [PMID: 36585702 PMCID: PMC9805250 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-022-01763-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the discovery of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in 2020, no report on the connection between the visceral fat area (VFA) and MAFLD has been published in China, and the ideal cutoffs of VFA for predicting MAFLD has not been determined so far. Thus, the purpose of this research was to clarify the relationship between VFA and MAFLD and the ideal cutoffs of VFA to predict MAFLD in the Chinese population. METHODS Five thousand three hundred forty subjects were included in this research, with 30% randomly selected for the validation set (n = 1602) and 70% for the Training set (n = 3738). The association between VFA and MAFLD was determined by multiple logistic regression. ROC curves were used to evaluate the prediction effect of VFA on MAFLD. RESULTS Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the VFA ORs (95% CIs) were 1.25 (1.20, 1.29) for women and 1.15 (1.12, 1.17) for men. Meanwhile, the VFA quartile OR (95% CI) were 3.07 (1.64, 5.75), 7.22 (3.97, 13.14), 18.91 (10.30, 34.71) for women and 3.07 (1.64, 5.75), 7.22 (3.97, 13.14),18.91 (10.30, 34.71) for men in the Q2, Q3, and Q4 groups compared with Q1. The ROC curve showed the VFA, WC, WHR, and WHtR to predict MAFLD, the AUC value of VFA was the highest and the prediction effect was the best. The ideal cutoffs of VFA to predict MAFLD was 115.55 cm2 for women and 178.35 cm2 for men, and the AUC was 0.788 and 0.795, respectively. Finally, the AUC was 0.773 for women and 0.800 for men in the validation set. CONCLUSION VFA was an independent predictive factor for MAFLD, and the ideal cutoff of VFA to predict MAFLD was 115.55 cm2 in women and 178.35 cm2 in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Yu
- Department of Health Management, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Chinese Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huachao Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoya Qi
- Department of Health Management, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruixue Bai
- Department of Health Management, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shouqin Zhang
- Department of Health Management, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianping Gong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Mei
- Department of Health Management, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Peng Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Chinese Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Bai S, Ran A. Comment on "Visceral fat area and cardiometabolic risk: The Kardiovize study". Obes Res Clin Pract 2021; 16:95. [PMID: 34953738 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shi Bai
- Endocrinology Department, South Branch of Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 102600, China
| | - An Ran
- Endocrinology Department, South Branch of Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 102600, China.
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