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Coppola ME, Petritz A, Irimia CV, Yumusak C, Mayr F, Bednorz M, Matkovic A, Aslam MA, Saller K, Schwarzinger C, Ionita MD, Schiek M, Smeds AI, Salinas Y, Brüggemann O, D'Orsi R, Mattonai M, Ribechini E, Operamolla A, Teichert C, Xu C, Stadlober B, Sariciftci NS, Irimia‐Vladu M. Pinaceae Pine Resins (Black Pine, Shore Pine, Rosin, and Baltic Amber) as Natural Dielectrics for Low Operating Voltage, Hysteresis-Free, Organic Field Effect Transistors. GLOBAL CHALLENGES (HOBOKEN, NJ) 2023; 7:2300062. [PMID: 37745829 PMCID: PMC10517313 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202300062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Four pinaceae pine resins analyzed in this study: black pine, shore pine, Baltic amber, and rosin demonstrate excellent dielectric properties, outstanding film forming, and ease of processability from ethyl alcohol solutions. Their trap-free nature allows fabrication of virtually hysteresis-free organic field effect transistors operating in a low voltage window with excellent stability under bias stress. Such green constituents represent an excellent choice of materials for applications targeting biocompatibility and biodegradability of electronics and sensors, within the overall effort of sustainable electronics development and environmental friendliness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas Petritz
- Joanneum Research ForschungsgesellschaftMaterialsFranz‐Pichler Str. Nr. 30Weiz8169Austria
| | - Cristian Vlad Irimia
- Joanneum Research ForschungsgesellschaftMaterialsFranz‐Pichler Str. Nr. 30Weiz8169Austria
- Johannes Kepler University LinzDept. Physical ChemistryLinz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS)Altenberger Str. Nr. 69Linz4040Austria
| | - Cigdem Yumusak
- Johannes Kepler University LinzDept. Physical ChemistryLinz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS)Altenberger Str. Nr. 69Linz4040Austria
| | - Felix Mayr
- Johannes Kepler University LinzDept. Physical ChemistryLinz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS)Altenberger Str. Nr. 69Linz4040Austria
| | - Mateusz Bednorz
- Johannes Kepler University LinzDept. Physical ChemistryLinz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS)Altenberger Str. Nr. 69Linz4040Austria
| | - Aleksandar Matkovic
- Chair of PhysicsDepartment of PhysicsMechanics and Electrical EngineeringMontanuniversität LeobenFranz Josef Str. 18Leoben8700Austria
| | - Muhammad Awais Aslam
- Chair of PhysicsDepartment of PhysicsMechanics and Electrical EngineeringMontanuniversität LeobenFranz Josef Str. 18Leoben8700Austria
| | - Klara Saller
- Institut for Chemical Technologies of Organic MaterialsJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenberger Str. Nr. 69Linz4040Austria
| | - Clemens Schwarzinger
- Institut for Chemical Technologies of Organic MaterialsJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenberger Str. Nr. 69Linz4040Austria
| | - Maria Daniela Ionita
- National Institute for LaserPlasma and Radiation PhysicsPO Box Mg‐36, MagureleBucharest077125Romania
| | - Manuela Schiek
- Johannes Kepler University LinzDept. Physical ChemistryLinz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS)Altenberger Str. Nr. 69Linz4040Austria
- Johannes Kepler University LinzCenter for Surface and Nanoanalytics (ZONA) Altenberger Str. 69Linz4040Austria
| | - Annika I. Smeds
- Laboratory of Natural Materials Technology/Wood and Paper ChemistryÅbo Akademi UniversityPorthansgatan 3‐5, ÅboTurku20500Finland
| | - Yolanda Salinas
- Institute of Polymer ChemistryJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenberger Str. 69Linz4040Austria
| | - Oliver Brüggemann
- Institute of Polymer ChemistryJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenberger Str. 69Linz4040Austria
| | - Rosarita D'Orsi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial ChemistryUniversity of Pisavia Moruzzi 13Pisa56124Italy
| | - Marco Mattonai
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial ChemistryUniversity of Pisavia Moruzzi 13Pisa56124Italy
| | - Erika Ribechini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial ChemistryUniversity of Pisavia Moruzzi 13Pisa56124Italy
| | - Alessandra Operamolla
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial ChemistryUniversity of Pisavia Moruzzi 13Pisa56124Italy
| | - Christian Teichert
- Chair of PhysicsDepartment of PhysicsMechanics and Electrical EngineeringMontanuniversität LeobenFranz Josef Str. 18Leoben8700Austria
| | - Chunlin Xu
- Laboratory of Natural Materials Technology/Wood and Paper ChemistryÅbo Akademi UniversityPorthansgatan 3‐5, ÅboTurku20500Finland
| | - Barbara Stadlober
- Joanneum Research ForschungsgesellschaftMaterialsFranz‐Pichler Str. Nr. 30Weiz8169Austria
| | - Niyazi Serdar Sariciftci
- Johannes Kepler University LinzDept. Physical ChemistryLinz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS)Altenberger Str. Nr. 69Linz4040Austria
| | - Mihai Irimia‐Vladu
- Joanneum Research ForschungsgesellschaftMaterialsFranz‐Pichler Str. Nr. 30Weiz8169Austria
- Johannes Kepler University LinzDept. Physical ChemistryLinz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS)Altenberger Str. Nr. 69Linz4040Austria
- Present address:
Mihai Irimia‐VladuJohannes Kepler University LinzInstitute of Physical ChemistryLinz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS)Altenberger Str. Nr. 69Linz40040Austria
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2
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Kolb F, El Gemayel M, Khan I, Dostalek J, Trattnig R, Sommer C, List-Kratochvil EJW. The impact of plasmonic electrodes on the photocarrier extraction of inverted organic bulk heterojunction solar cells. APPLIED PHYSICS. A, MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING 2023; 129:230. [PMID: 36876320 PMCID: PMC9977711 DOI: 10.1007/s00339-023-06492-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Nano-patterning the semiconducting photoactive layer/back electrode interface of organic photovoltaic devices is a widely accepted approach to enhance the power conversion efficiency through the exploitation of numerous photonic and plasmonic effects. Yet, nano-patterning the semiconductor/metal interface leads to intertwined effects that impact the optical as well as the electrical characteristic of solar cells. In this work we aim to disentangle the optical and electrical effects of a nano-structured semiconductor/metal interface on the device performance. For this, we use an inverted bulk heterojunction P3HT:PCBM solar cell structure, where the nano-patterned photoactive layer/back electrode interface is realized by patterning the active layer with sinusoidal grating profiles bearing a periodicity of 300 nm or 400 nm through imprint lithography while varying the photoactive layer thickness (L PAL ) between 90 and 400 nm. The optical and electrical device characteristics of nano-patterned solar cells are compared to the characteristics of control devices, featuring a planar photoactive layer/back electrode interface. We find that patterned solar cells show for an enhanced photocurrent generation for a L PAL above 284 nm, which is not observed when using thinner active layer thicknesses. Simulating the optical characteristic of planar and patterned devices through a finite-difference time-domain approach proves for an increased light absorption in presence of a patterned electrode interface, originating from the excitation of propagating surface plasmon and dielectric waveguide modes. Evaluation of the external quantum efficiency characteristic and the voltage dependent charge extraction characteristics of fabricated planar and patterned solar cells reveals, however, that the increased photocurrents of patterned devices do not stem from an optical enhancement but from an improved charge carrier extraction efficiency in the space charge limited extraction regime. Presented findings clearly demonstrate that the improved charge extraction efficiency of patterned solar cells is linked to the periodic surface corrugation of the (back) electrode interface. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00339-023-06492-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Kolb
- Institute of Surface Technologies and Photonics, Joanneum Research Forschungsges. mbH, Franz-Pichler-Straße 30, 8160 Weiz, Austria
| | - Mirella El Gemayel
- Institute of Surface Technologies and Photonics, Joanneum Research Forschungsges. mbH, Franz-Pichler-Straße 30, 8160 Weiz, Austria
| | - Imran Khan
- AIT-Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, BioSensor Technologies, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Jakub Dostalek
- AIT-Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, BioSensor Technologies, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
- FZU-Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Trattnig
- Institute of Surface Technologies and Photonics, Joanneum Research Forschungsges. mbH, Franz-Pichler-Straße 30, 8160 Weiz, Austria
| | - Christian Sommer
- Institute of Surface Technologies and Photonics, Joanneum Research Forschungsges. mbH, Franz-Pichler-Straße 30, 8160 Weiz, Austria
| | - Emil J. W. List-Kratochvil
- Institut für Physik, Institut für Chemie & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Zum Großen Windkanal 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
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3
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Chang YC, Wang TY, Chen HB. Solution-Processed Organic Photodetectors with Renewable Materials. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:10622-10626. [PMID: 35382316 PMCID: PMC8973150 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
An organic photodetector prepared by a simple solution method based on renewable citrus pectin with an optimized concentration of aluminum nitrate (AlC05) is introduced herein. The effects of different concentrations of aluminum nitrate on the morphology and optical properties were investigated through various characterization methods. An AlC concentration of 0.5 mg/mL was found to provide the highest on/off ratio and acceptable rise and decay times. Also, the optimized device (Al/AlC0.5/ITO) exhibited good stability and repeatability at a 0.1 V bias under 440 nm visible light. Based on these results, citrus pectin materials were successfully used to fabricate an organic photodetector with a simple and cost-efficient fabrication process, while taking into account environmental commitments.
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Polyethylenimine-Ethoxylated Interfacial Layer for Efficient Electron Collection in SnO2-Based Inverted Organic Solar Cells. CRYSTALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst10090731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we studied inverted organic solar cells based on bulk heterojunction using poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl):[6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM) as an active layer and a novel cathode buffer bilayer consisting of tin dioxide (SnO2) combined with polyethylenimine-ethoxylated (PEIE) to overcome the limitations of the single cathode buffer layer. The combination of SnO2 with PEIE is a promising approach that improves the charge carrier collection and reduces the recombination. The efficient device, which is prepared with a cathode buffer bilayer of 20 nm SnO2 combined with 10 nm PEIE, achieved Jsc = 7.86 mA/cm2, Voc = 574 mV and PCE = 2.84%. The obtained results exceed the performances of reference solar cell using only a single cathode layer of either SnO2 or PEIE.
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5
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Milošević IR, Vasić B, Matković A, Vujin J, Aškrabić S, Kratzer M, Griesser T, Teichert C, Gajić R. Single-step fabrication and work function engineering of Langmuir-Blodgett assembled few-layer graphene films with Li and Au salts. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8476. [PMID: 32439854 PMCID: PMC7242397 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65379-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
To implement large-area solution-processed graphene films in low-cost transparent conductor applications, it is necessary to have the control over the work function (WF) of the film. In this study we demonstrate a straightforward single-step chemical approach for modulating the work function of graphene films. In our approach, chemical doping of the film is introduced at the moment of its formation. The films are self-assembled from liquid-phase exfoliated few-layer graphene sheet dispersions by Langmuir-Blodgett technique at the water-air interfaces. To achieve a single-step chemical doping, metal standard solutions are introduced instead of water. Li standard solutions (LiCl, LiNO3, Li2CO3) were used as n-dopant, and gold standard solution, H(AuCl4), as p-dopant. Li based salts decrease the work function, while Au based salts increase the work function of the entire film. The maximal doping in both directions yields a significant range of around 0.7 eV for the work function modulation. In all cases when Li-based salts are introduced, electrical properties of the film deteriorate. Further, lithium nitrate (LiNO3) was selected as the best choice for n-type doping since it provides the largest work function modulation (by 400 meV), and the least influence on the electrical properties of the film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana R Milošević
- Laboratory for Graphene, other 2D Materials and Ordered Nanostructures of Center for Solid State Physics and New Materials, Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Borislav Vasić
- Laboratory for Graphene, other 2D Materials and Ordered Nanostructures of Center for Solid State Physics and New Materials, Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Matković
- Institute of Physics, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz Josef Str. 18, 8700, Leoben, Austria.
| | - Jasna Vujin
- Laboratory for Graphene, other 2D Materials and Ordered Nanostructures of Center for Solid State Physics and New Materials, Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sonja Aškrabić
- Nanostructured Matter Laboratory of Center for Solid State Physics and New Materials, Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Markus Kratzer
- Institute of Physics, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz Josef Str. 18, 8700, Leoben, Austria
| | - Thomas Griesser
- Institute of Chemistry of Polymeric Materials, Montanuniversität Leoben, Otto-Gloeckel-Straße 2, 8700, Leoben, Austria
| | - Christian Teichert
- Institute of Physics, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz Josef Str. 18, 8700, Leoben, Austria
| | - Radoš Gajić
- Laboratory for Graphene, other 2D Materials and Ordered Nanostructures of Center for Solid State Physics and New Materials, Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080, Belgrade, Serbia
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6
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Carulli F, Mróz W, Lassi E, Sandionigi C, Squeo B, Meazza L, Scavia G, Luzzati S, Pasini M, Giovanella U, Galeotti F. Effect of the introduction of an alcohol-soluble conjugated polyelectrolyte as cathode interlayer in solution-processed organic light-emitting diodes and photovoltaic devices. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-018-0462-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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Chen Q, Li Z, Dong B, Zhou Y, Song B. Zwitter-Ionic Polymer Applied as Electron Transportation Layer for Improving the Performance of Polymer Solar Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E566. [PMID: 30965870 PMCID: PMC6419150 DOI: 10.3390/polym9110566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A zwitter-ionic polymer poly (sulfobetaine methacrylate) (denoted by PSBMA) was employed as an electron transportation layer (ETL) in polymer solar cells (PSCs) based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT):[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM). PSBMA is highly soluble in trifluoroethanol, showing an orthogonal solubility to the solvent of the active layer in the preparation of multilayered PSCs. Upon introduction of PSBMA, the short circuit current and as a consequence the power conversion efficiency of the corresponding PSCs are dramatically improved, which can be because of the relatively high polarity of PSBMA compared with the other ETLs. This study demonstrated that zwitter-ionic polymer should be a competitive potential candidate of ETLs in PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyun Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Zhendong Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Bin Dong
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Yi Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Bo Song
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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8
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Stolz S, Zhang Y, Lemmer U, Hernandez-Sosa G, Aziz H. Degradation Mechanisms in Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with Polyethylenimine as a Solution-Processed Electron Injection Layer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:2776-2785. [PMID: 28032974 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b15062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we investigate the performance and operational stability of solution-processed organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), which comprise polyethylenimine (PEI) as an electron injection layer (EIL). We show that the primary degradation mechanism in these OLEDs depends on the cathode metal that is used in contact with the EIL. In the case of Al, the deterioration in OLED performance during electrical driving is mainly caused by excitons which reach and subsequently degrade the emitter/PEI interface. In contrast, in the case of Ag, device performance degradation occurs due to an additional mechanism: hole accumulation at the emitter/PEI interface and a consequent drop in the emitter quantum yield. As a result, the operational lifetime of OLEDs that use PEI as EIL can vary significantly with the cathode material, and at a current density of 20 mA cm-2, LT50 lifetimes of ∼200 h and <10 h are obtained for Al and Ag, respectively. Finally, we show that the first degradation mechanism can be significantly slowed by using a mixture of PEI and ZnO nanoparticles as EIL. As a result, the operational lifetime of OLEDs with an Al cathode is increased to more than 1000 h, without adversely affecting device performance. This lifetime is significantly longer than that of a LiF/Al reference OLED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Stolz
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Light Technology Institute, Engesserstr. 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- InnovationLab, Speyerer Str. 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- University of Waterloo , Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering & Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Uli Lemmer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Light Technology Institute, Engesserstr. 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Institute of Microstructure Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Gerardo Hernandez-Sosa
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Light Technology Institute, Engesserstr. 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- InnovationLab, Speyerer Str. 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hany Aziz
- University of Waterloo , Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering & Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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9
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Stolz S, Petzoldt M, Dück S, Sendner M, Bunz UHF, Lemmer U, Hamburger M, Hernandez-Sosa G. High-Performance Electron Injection Layers with a Wide Processing Window from an Amidoamine-Functionalized Polyfluorene. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:12959-12967. [PMID: 27160328 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b03557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we present organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) utilizing a novel amidoamine-functionalized polyfluorene (PFCON-C) as an electron injection layer (EIL). PFCON-C consists of a polyfluorene backbone to which multiple tertiary amine side chains are connected via an amide group. The influence of molecular characteristics on electronic performance and morphological properties was tested and compared to that of the widely used, literature known amino-functionalized polyfluorene (PFN) and polyethylenimine (PEI). PFCON-C reduces the turn-on voltage (VON) of poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV)-based OLEDs from ∼5 to ∼3 V and increases the maximum power efficiency from <2 to >5 lm W(-1) compared to that of PFN. As a result of its semiconducting backbone, PFCON-C is significantly less sensitive to the processing parameters than PEI, and comparable power efficiencies are achieved for devices where thicknesses of PFCON-C are between 15 and 35 nm. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements indicate that the presence of nonpolar side chains in the EIL material is important for its film-forming behavior, while Kelvin probe measurements suggest that the amount of amine groups in the side chains influences the work-function shift induced by the EIL material. These results are used to suggest strategies for the design of polymeric electron injection layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Stolz
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Engesserstrasse 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- InnovationLab , Speyerer Strasse 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Petzoldt
- InnovationLab , Speyerer Strasse 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dück
- Cynora GmbH , Werner-von-Siemens-Straße 2-6, 76646 Bruchsal, Germany
| | - Michael Sendner
- InnovationLab , Speyerer Strasse 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
- Kirchhoff-Institute für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe H F Bunz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uli Lemmer
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Engesserstrasse 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Manuel Hamburger
- InnovationLab , Speyerer Strasse 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gerardo Hernandez-Sosa
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Engesserstrasse 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- InnovationLab , Speyerer Strasse 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
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10
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Bui TTT, Park S, Jahandar M, Song CE, Lee SK, Lee JC, Moon SJ, Shin WS. Cross-linkable polymers containing a triple bond backbone and their application in photovoltaic devices. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra08162b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Two novel triple bond containing polymers were investigated as potential candidates for new photocrosslinkable materials with solvent resistance and a hydrophobic nature, and can be used in solution processed multilayer organic electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Thu Trang Bui
- Energy Materials Research Center
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT)
- Daejeon
- Korea
- Faculty of Environment
| | - Sangheon Park
- Energy Materials Research Center
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT)
- Daejeon
- Korea
- Department of Physics
| | - Muhammad Jahandar
- Energy Materials Research Center
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT)
- Daejeon
- Korea
- Department of Nanomaterials Science and Engineering
| | - Chang Eun Song
- Energy Materials Research Center
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT)
- Daejeon
- Korea
| | - Sang Kyu Lee
- Energy Materials Research Center
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT)
- Daejeon
- Korea
- Department of Nanomaterials Science and Engineering
| | - Jong-Cheol Lee
- Energy Materials Research Center
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT)
- Daejeon
- Korea
- Department of Nanomaterials Science and Engineering
| | - Sang-Jin Moon
- Energy Materials Research Center
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT)
- Daejeon
- Korea
- Department of Nanomaterials Science and Engineering
| | - Won Suk Shin
- Energy Materials Research Center
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT)
- Daejeon
- Korea
- Department of Nanomaterials Science and Engineering
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11
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Gupta SK, Jindal R, Garg A. Microscopic Investigations into the Effect of Surface Treatment of Cathode and Electron Transport Layer on the Performance of Inverted Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:16418-16427. [PMID: 26158508 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b03583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Surface treatments of various layers in organic solar cells play a vital role in determining device characteristics. In this manuscript, we report on the influence of surface treatment of indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode and electron transport layer (ETL), ZnO, on the photovoltaic performance of inverted organic solar cells (IOSC) and their correlation with the surface chemistry and surface potential as studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM), using the device structure glass/ITO/ZnO/P3HT: PCBM/MoO3/(Au or Ag) (P3HT, poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl), and PCBM, phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester). Our results show that although ozonization of ITO leads to an improvement in the device power conversion efficiency, the ozonization of a subsequent ZnO layer results in a decreased performance mainly because of a decrease in the fill factor (FF). However, subsequent methanol (CH3OH) treatment of ZnO layer on an ozonized ITO electrode shows substantial improvement with device efficiencies exceeding ∼4% along with superior reproducibility of the devices. Furthermore, a detailed analysis of the surface wettability, chemistry, and surface potential using contact angle measurements, XPS, and KPFM attribute the improvements to the elimination of surface defects and the changes in the surface potential. Finally, impedance analysis suggests that methanol treatment of the ZnO layers leads to the development of a favorable nanophase structure with higher conductivity, which is otherwise indiscernible using microscopic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailendra Kumar Gupta
- †Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Samtel Center for Display Technologies, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Rajeev Jindal
- †Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Samtel Center for Display Technologies, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Ashish Garg
- †Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Samtel Center for Display Technologies, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
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Hasegawa T, Aoyagi K, Ashizawa M, Konosu Y, Kawauchi S, Sariciftci NS, Matsumoto H. Quinoxalineimide as a Novel Electron-accepting Building Block for Organic Optoelectronics. CHEM LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.150407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Hasegawa
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology
| | - Koutarou Aoyagi
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology
| | - Minoru Ashizawa
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology
| | - Yuichi Konosu
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology
| | - Susumu Kawauchi
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology
| | | | - Hidetoshi Matsumoto
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology
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Stolz S, Scherer M, Mankel E, Lovrinčić R, Schinke J, Kowalsky W, Jaegermann W, Lemmer U, Mechau N, Hernandez-Sosa G. Investigation of solution-processed ultrathin electron injection layers for organic light-emitting diodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:6616-6622. [PMID: 24703464 DOI: 10.1021/am500287y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We study two types of water/alcohol-soluble aliphatic amines, polyethylenimine (PEI) and polyethylenimine-ethoxylated (PEIE), for their suitability as electron injection layers in solution-processed blue fluorescent organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is used to determine the nominal thickness of the polymer layers while ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy is carried out to determine the induced work-function change of the silver cathode. The determined work-function shifts are as high as 1.5 eV for PEI and 1.3 eV for PEIE. Furthermore, atomic force microscopy images reveal that homogeneous PEI and PEIE layers are present at nominal thicknesses of about 11 nm. Finally, we solution prepare blue emitting polymer-based OLEDs using PEI/PEIE in combination with Ag as cathode layers. Luminous efficiency reaches 3 and 2.2 cd A(-1), whereas maximum luminance values are as high as 8000 and 3000 cd m(-2) for PEI and PEIE injection layers, respectively. The prepared devices show a comparable performance to Ca/Ag OLEDs and an improved shelf lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Stolz
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Engesserstrasse 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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