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Predapramote V, Tantilertanant Y, Srisawasdi S. Evaluation of resin infiltration for inhibiting initial caries progression: An in vitro study using Micro-Computed Tomographic analysis. Saudi Dent J 2024; 36:745-750. [PMID: 38766302 PMCID: PMC11096623 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the changes in lesion depth and mineral density of resin infiltration-treated white spot lesions against a simulated oral environment using thermal and acidic challenges in vitro. Materials and methods Two enamel slabs were prepared from each buccal surface of permanent human premolars, for a total of 56 slabs. Artificial white spot lesions were induced. One specimen was treated with resin infiltration, while the other was used as an untreated control. A micro-CT was used to assess the lesion depth and mineral density of each specimen. Subsequently, all specimens were subjected to 10,000 cycles of thermocycling and pH cycling for 10 days before being re-evaluated using the micro-CT. Lesion depth and mineral density were examined and compared between before and after aging procedures within each group by the paired sample t-test. The independent samples t-test was utilized to compare lesion depth progression and percentage change of mineral density between groups. Results After aging, there was both a significant lesion depth progression and a mineral loss in the control and resin infiltration groups. Mean lesion depth progression was 132.88 ± 4.18 µm for the control group and 52.31 ± 4.16 µm for resin infiltration group. Percentage mineral density loss as a percentage for the control and resin infiltration groups were 16.1 ± 0.64 % and 8.83 ± 0.30 %, respectively. The resin infiltration group demonstrated a significantly lower mean lesion depth progression and percentage changes in mineral loss compared to the control group. Conclusions The lesion depth and mineral density changes in the resin infiltrated-treated group were lower than untreated white spot lesions after aging procedures using thermal and acidic challenges. Clinical significance Resin infiltration is a promising approach to inhibit the progression of white spot lesions related to the initial stage of dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vongnart Predapramote
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Henri-Dunant Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Yanee Tantilertanant
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Henri-Dunant Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Sirivimol Srisawasdi
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Henri-Dunant Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Seevalingam R, Yahaya N, Syed Mohamed AMF, Kumar HA. Development of an Artificial White Spot Lesion Creation Protocol: A Preliminary Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e60226. [PMID: 38868265 PMCID: PMC11168806 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Protocols that determine the lesion depth of specific demineralization solutions are lacking. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate various lesion depths of artificial white spot lesions (WSLs) at different exposure times. Materials and methods: Artificial WSLs were created by placing 30 extracted human premolar teeth into 0.05M acetate buffer solution with a controlled environment of pH 4.4 at 37ºC, which were then exposed in the solution for various durations of 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, and 12 days. The specimens were visually examined using the Ekstrand-Ricketts-Kidd (ERK) system to confirm the WSL, followed by buccolingual sectioning, and evaluated under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to measure the lesion depth. RESULTS The SEM showed that the mean lesion depths of representative specimens were 101.33 µm (day 4), 124 µm (day 5), 159 µm (day 6), 187 µm (day 8), 202 µm (day 10), and 212 µm (day 12). The artificial WSL was visually demonstrated in grades 1 and 2 of the ERK system. CONCLUSIONS The depths of the lesions increased as the duration increased from day 4 to day 12, indicating that the lesion depths increased with the more prolonged exposure to the acetate buffer solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeletchmi Seevalingam
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, MYS
| | - Norziha Yahaya
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, MYS
| | | | - Hetal A Kumar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, MYS
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Kumar S, Chhabra V, Mehra M, K S, Kumar B H, Shenoy S, Swamy RS, Murti K, Pai KSR, Kumar N. The fluorosis conundrum: bridging the gap between science and public health. Toxicol Mech Methods 2024; 34:214-235. [PMID: 37921264 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2023.2268722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Fluorosis, a chronic condition brought on by excessive fluoride ingestion which, has drawn much scientific attention and public health concern. It is a complex and multifaceted issue that affects millions of people worldwide. Despite decades of scientific research elucidating the causes, mechanisms, and prevention strategies for fluorosis, there remains a significant gap between scientific understanding and public health implementation. While the scientific community has made significant strides in understanding the etiology and prevention of fluorosis, effectively translating this knowledge into public health policies and practices remains challenging. This review explores the gap between scientific research on fluorosis and its practical implementation in public health initiatives. It suggests developing evidence-based guidelines for fluoride exposure and recommends comprehensive educational campaigns targeting the public and healthcare providers. Furthermore, it emphasizes the need for further research to fill the existing knowledge gaps and promote evidence-based decision-making. By fostering collaboration, communication, and evidence-based practices, policymakers, healthcare professionals, and the public can work together to implement preventive measures and mitigate the burden of fluorosis on affected communities. This review highlighted several vital strategies to bridge the gap between science and public health in the context of fluorosis. It emphasizes the importance of translating scientific evidence into actionable guidelines, raising public awareness about fluoride consumption, and promoting preventive measures at individual and community levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachindra Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Vishal Chhabra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, India
| | - Manmeet Mehra
- Department of Pharmacology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Saranya K
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, India
| | - Harish Kumar B
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Smita Shenoy
- Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Ravindra Shantakumar Swamy
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Basic Medical Sciences (DBMS), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Krishna Murti
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, India
| | - K Sreedhara Ranganath Pai
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Nitesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, India
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4
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Né YGDS, Frazão DR, Lopes GDO, Fagundes NCF, Souza-Rodrigues RD, Paula-Silva FWG, Maia LC, Lima RR. Association between respiratory diseases and molar-incisor hypomineralization: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:990421. [PMID: 36590944 PMCID: PMC9800926 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.990421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The molar-incisor permineralização (MIH) is a qualitative enamel developing abnormality involving the occlusal and/or incisal third of one or more molars or permanent incisors, caused by systemic factors. Several systemic disorders and environmental factors, such as respiratory diseases, have been reported as probable causes of MIH. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate whether respiratory diseases and MIH are associated. The searches were carried out in electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, LILACS, OpenGrey, and Google Scholar. The acronym PECO was used, in which the P (population) was humans in permanent dentition stage; (E-exposure) molar-incisor hypomineralization; (C-comparison) reference population and (O - outcome) respiratory diseases. After the search retrieval, the duplicates were removed, and the articles were evaluated by title and abstract; then, the papers were read and thoroughly assessed. After selection, the risk of bias assessment was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for observational studies. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) tool was used to assess the level of evidence. Three thousand six hundred and sixty six were found through the searches. After exclusion by duplicates, title, abstract, and full-reading, 13 articles remained. The articles included in this review evaluated the association of MIH with asthma, tonsilitis, pneumonia, and bronchitis. Most reports showed a low risk of bias. When exploring through GRADE, a very low level of evidence was found. We observed that the included studies showed that children with MIH had more respiratory diseases than the group that did not have MIH. Systematic review registration https://osf.io/un76d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yago Gecy de Sousa Né
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Deborah Ribeiro Frazão
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Géssica de Oliveira Lopes
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Nathália Carolina Fernandes Fagundes
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, 5528 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Renata Duarte Souza-Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | | | - Lucianne Cople Maia
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
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Brescia AV, Montesani L, Fusaroli D, Docimo R, Di Gennaro G. Management of Enamel Defects with Resin Infiltration Techniques: Two Years Follow Up Retrospective Study. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9091365. [PMID: 36138674 PMCID: PMC9497803 DOI: 10.3390/children9091365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Developmental Defects of Enamel (DDE) represent an aesthetic, functional, and often psychological problem, especially in young patients. Infiltrative treatment with resin (Icon-DMG, Hamburg, Germany) is a minimally invasive technique based on the infiltration of high viscosity resin inside the hypomineralized enamel, modifying its optical properties. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the clinical efficacy of superficial infiltration in the treatment of white enamel defects of the anterior sector with pre-eruptive etiology and its stability over time. Methods: Thirty-three patients affected by DDE associated with mild and moderate Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH), mild and moderate fluorosis, and post-traumatic hypomineralization treated with resin infiltration were retrospectively retrieved. Results: In all cases an improvement in aesthetic appearance was achieved, and the 24-month follow-up confirmed the stability of the results. However, in the cases of traumatic hypomineralization the results were not completely satisfactory. Conclusions: The superficial infiltration technique can be considered a valid minimally invasive alternative to traditional treatment of mild or moderate fluorosis and mild MIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Vincenza Brescia
- Paediatric Dentistry, Doctoral School in Materials for Health, Environment and Energy, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Dimitri Fusaroli
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaella Docimo
- Paediatric Dentistry, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
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6
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Management of Teeth Affected by Molar Incisor Hypomineralization Using a Resin Infiltration Technique—A Systematic Review. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12070964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, an increase in children diagnosed with molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) has been observed. Children with MIH show a high failure rate with conservative treatment. The ICON® system (DMG, Hamburg, Germany), which is an infiltration of decalcified lesions with resin, may strengthen the tooth structure, improve its aesthetics, and cure hypersensitivity. The following article is a systematic review based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol. Scientific articles in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases describing the use of the ICON system in the treatment of MIH published in the years 2012–2022 were analyzed. Two independent study authors selected publications that show that the ICON system can be used during the treatment of children with MIH. So far, in the literature, there are no standardized protocols for the dental treatment of patients with hypomineralization of the incisors using the ICON system. Therefore, clinicians rarely use this method of treatment. The ICON system may be successfully used to infiltrate tooth decalcification in children with MIH. However, the depth of infiltration and the achievement of enamel hardness after such therapy are not precisely defined.
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Cumerlato CBDF, Santos CSD, Rotta RN, Cademartori MG, Corrêa MB. Is professionally applied topical fluoride effective in treating incipient caries? A systematic review. Braz Oral Res 2022; 36:e083. [PMID: 35703708 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2022.vol36.0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present systematic review aimed to investigate the effectiveness of professionally applied topical fluoride as therapeutic agent for incipient carious lesions in permanent teeth. Randomised clinical trials (RCTs) comparing the effectiveness of professionally applied topical fluoride (varnish or gel) with that of placebo, no intervention, and toothbrushing (control group) in the treatment of incipient carious lesions in permanent dentition were included. An electronic search was performed in the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Virtual Health Library, Embase, and Cochrane databases, in the grey literature, and in clinical trials registered until January 2021. Two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts and assessed the risk of bias using the Cochrane tool. The certainty of evidence was classified using GRADE. A total of 2,223 articles were screened using titles/abstracts. After full-text reading of the 22 selected studies, nine RCTs were included. Five RCTs found that topical fluoride may be effective in reversing incipient carious lesions in permanent teeth. Overall, five studies were classified as having a low risk of bias and four as having some concerns. Only descriptive analysis was performed because of the heterogeneity of the data. Studies comparing fluoride varnish with usual home care oral hygiene have demonstrated topical fluoride does not appear to be more effective in improving the appearance of incipient carious lesions. Therefore, usual home care oral hygiene with fluoride toothpaste may be sufficient to treat incipient carious lesions in permanent dentition. Further studies with greater methodological rigor are, however, required to reduce bias, to allow a meta-analysis, and to draw well-founded conclusions (CRD42019120406).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cinthia Studzinski Dos Santos
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, School of Dentistry , Department of Restorative Dentistry , Pelotas , RS , Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Nunes Rotta
- Universidade Católica de Pelotas , School of Dentistry , Department of Restorative Dentistry , Pelotas , RS , Brazil
| | - Mariana Gonzalez Cademartori
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, School of Dentistry , Department of Social and Preventive Dentistry , Pelotas , Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil
| | - Marcos Britto Corrêa
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, School of Dentistry , Department of Restorative Dentistry , Pelotas , RS , Brazil
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8
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An update of treatment modalities in children and adolescents with teeth affected by molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH): a systematic review. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2022; 23:39-64. [PMID: 34110615 PMCID: PMC8927013 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-021-00635-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To systematically review the treatment modalities for molar-incisor hypomineralisation for children under the age of 18 years. The research question was, 'What are the treatment options for teeth in children affected by molar incisor hypomineralisation?' METHODS An electronic search of the following electronic databases was completed MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, LILACS, Google Scholar and Open Grey identifying studies from 1980 to 2020. The PRISMA guidelines were followed. The studies were screened, data extracted and calibration was completed by two independent reviewers. RESULTS Of 6220 potential articles, 34 studies were included. Twenty studies investigated management of molars with fissure sealants, glass ionomer cement, polyacid modified resin composite, composite resin, amalgam, preformed metal crowns, laboratory-manufactured crowns and extractions. In four articles management of incisors with microabrasion, resin-infiltration and a combination of approaches was reported. Eight studies looked at strategies to mineralise MIH-affected teeth and/or reduce hypersensitivity. Two studies investigated patient-centred outcomes following treatment. Due to the heterogeneity between the studies, meta-analysis was not performed. CONCLUSION The use of resin-based fissure sealants, preformed metal crowns, direct composite resin restorations and laboratory-made restorations can be recommended for MIH-affected molars. There is insufficient evidence to support specific approaches for the management of affected incisors. Products containing CPP-ACP may be beneficial for MIH-affected teeth.
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9
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Direct Restorations for Anterior Esthetic Rehabilitation and Smile Symmetry Recovery: Two Case Reports. Symmetry (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sym13101848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Esthetics is an increasing concern for patients, particularly in anterior teeth. The current approaches to manage the esthetic demands include options such as prosthodontic rehabilitation, orthodontic treatment, and direct restorations. Direct restorative procedures for anterior teeth have become a reliable alternative, since current composite materials can mimic teeth’s esthetics and function perfectly. This article describes two clinical cases of anterior esthetic rehabilitations where the direct reshaping of the four maxillary incisors was performed using the buccolingual layering technique with the help of a silicone index. In Case 1, a diastema closure was also performed, whereas in Case 2, the replacement of old restorations was also carried out. It was possible to achieve excellent final esthetic results in both cases, recovering the smile symmetry, and both patients were satisfied. The literature supports the use of direct restorations in the anterior region with very good long-term prognosis. It is a minimally invasive approach that is reversible, repairable, cost-effective, and when combined with layering techniques and adequate restorative materials, it is possible to achieve good esthetic and functional outcomes. However, regular maintenance appointments are mandatory, and all cases should be carefully planned to ensure predictable and long-lasting results.
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Qin D, Wang Y, Levey C, Ngan P, He H, Hua F. Protocol for the development of a Core Outcome Set for trials on the prevention and treatment of Orthodontically induced enamel White Spot Lesions (COS-OWSL). Trials 2021; 22:507. [PMID: 34332635 PMCID: PMC8325281 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05371-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enamel white spot lesions (WSLs), characterized by an opaque, matt, and chalky white appearance of enamel, are a sign of incipient caries. WSLs are common in orthodontic practice and can affect both the oral health and dental aesthetics of patients. Extensive studies have been conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of prevention or treatment for orthodontically induced enamel WSLs. However, substantial heterogeneity has been found in the outcomes used for the prevention and treatment of WSLs in literature, which prevents researchers from comparing and combining the results of different studies to draw more decisive conclusions. Therefore, we aim to develop a Core Outcome Set for trials on the prevention and treatment of Orthodontically induced enamel White Spot Lesions (COS-OWSL). METHODS The development of COS-OWSL comprises four phases: (1) a scoping review to identify and summarize all existing outcomes that have been used in trials on the prevention or treatment of orthodontically induced WSLs; (2) qualitative interviews with orthodontic patients without (for prevention) and with WSL-affected teeth (for treatment) and relevant dental professionals to identify additional outcomes relevant to them; (3) Delphi surveys to collect opinions from key stakeholders including patients, dental professionals, and researchers and to reach a preliminary consensus; and (4) a consensus meeting to develop the final COS-OWSL. DISCUSSION The COS-OWSL will be developed to facilitate the synthesis of evidence regarding the prevention and treatment of orthodontically induced WSLs and to promote the consistent use of relevant patient-important outcomes among future studies in this field. TRIAL REGISTRATION Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials (COMET) initiative (the COS-WSL project) 1399.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danchen Qin
- Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Orthodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Luoyu Rd. 237, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Yunlei Wang
- Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Orthodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Luoyu Rd. 237, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Colin Levey
- School of Dentistry, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Peter Ngan
- Department of Orthodontics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, USA
| | - Hong He
- Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China. .,Department of Orthodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Luoyu Rd. 237, Wuhan, 430079, China.
| | - Fang Hua
- Department of Orthodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Luoyu Rd. 237, Wuhan, 430079, China. .,Centre for Evidence-Based Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Luoyu Rd. 237, Wuhan, 430079, China. .,Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.
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11
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Jandu J, Dzyuba N, Barry S. White enamel lesions in children: considering caries, chronological and congenital causes and their consequent care. Br Dent J 2021; 230:523-527. [PMID: 33893425 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-021-2838-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
White enamel lesions are a common presentation to the general dentist and aesthetic concerns are the most frequent presenting problem. Aetiology may be multifactorial and management of such lesions is heavily dependent on the cause. In the paediatric patient, differentiating white lesions caused by caries, fluorosis and genetic and developmental disorders is key to offering optimal long-term treatment outcomes. Early intervention allows for carefully planned management of less common disorders. Many of these disorders exist along a spectrum, and white lesions offer a useful clue to prompt intervention and referral to the relevant specialists. This article overviews common white lesions of the teeth and outlines the hierarchy of management options available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai Jandu
- Division of Dentistry, University of Manchester, UK
| | | | - Siobhan Barry
- Division of Dentistry, University of Manchester, UK; University Dental Hospital Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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12
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Hypersensitivity in Molar Incisor Hypomineralization: Superficial Infiltration Treatment. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11041823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To date, there are no standardized protocols available in the literature for hypersensitivity treatment in molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of erosion–infiltration treatments with resin in children with a strong hypersensitivity and also to develop a minimally invasive diagnostic–therapeutic pathway for young MIH patients. Patients with clinical signs of MIH were enrolled according to international guidelines. A total of 42 patients (8–14 years old) with sensitivity of at least one molar and patients with post eruptive enamel fractures, but without dentin involvement or cavitated carious lesions were selected. A single superficial infiltration treatment with ICON (DMG, Germany) was performed with a modified etching technique. Sensitivity was tested with the Schiff Scale and Wong Baker Face Scale and was repeated at 12 months follow-up. All patients reported lower sensitivity values at the end of the treatment. Significant differences of sensitivity according to the Schiff scale were reported between T0 and all subsequent follow-ups, p < 0.05. The treatment of erosion infiltration with ICON resin is a minimally invasive preventive treatment that significantly improves the problem of hypersensitivity in permanent molars with MIH.
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13
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Erosion Infiltration in the Management of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) Defects. Case Rep Dent 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/8888256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
White spot lesions caused by enamel demineralization are frequently encountered in dental practice. Their management has always been an important issue in modern dentistry. However, the real dilemma was treating aesthetic demands with noninvasive or minimally invasive techniques preserving the natural tissues. The introduction of resin infiltration technique seems to provide an intermediary treatment modality between prevention and restorative therapy. This case report is aimed at reporting the management of MIH opacities in anterior teeth with resin infiltration technique.
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14
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Sampson V, Sampson A. Diagnosis and treatment options for anterior white spot lesions. Br Dent J 2020; 229:348-352. [PMID: 32978577 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-020-2057-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
White spot lesions on teeth present as white opacities due to enamel surface and/or subsurface demineralisation. Unfortunately, dentistry has seen a marked jump in prevalence and severity of white spot lesions over the past decade. In response to the rise in white spot lesions, the dental industry has been pushed to create less invasive alternatives for the removal of these lesions, particularly when located anteriorly. There are numerous different causes of white spot lesions that influence how the enamel substructure is affected and which treatment option is selected. Once, the only treatment option for white spot lesions was drilling the defects away, but with a better understanding of the science and the aetiology, we have now been able to create minimally invasive, preventive alternatives. It is vital that the cause, size and depth of the white spot lesions are ascertained before providing treatment options to a patient, as treatment results will vary depending on the enamel substructure available. This paper will explore the main causes of white spot lesions and the recommended treatments for them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ariane Sampson
- Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Orthodontics, UK
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15
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Marouane O, Chtioui F. Transillumination‐aided
infiltration: A diagnostic concept for treating enamel opacities. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2020; 32:451-456. [DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Omar Marouane
- Dental Surgery DepartmentUniversity Hospital Sahloul Sousse Tunisia
| | - Fadwa Chtioui
- Dental Surgery DepartmentUniversity Hospital Sahloul Sousse Tunisia
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Ferreira JD, Flor-Ribeiro MD, Marchi GM, Pazinatto FB. The Use of Resinous Infiltrants for the Management of Incipient Carious Lesions: a Literature Review. JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.17921/2447-8938.2019v21n4p358-64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe objective of this work was to analyze scientific evidence from a literature review pertaining to the effectiveness of resinous infiltrants for minimally invasive treatment of incipient carious lesions. Studies published between 2002 and 2019 were queried from the following databases: Capes, PubMed, Medline, BBO, Lilacs and SciELO. The search keywords included "Dental Caries", "Tooth Remineralization", "Dental Leakage". Most of the studies found resin-infiltrating treatment to be a viable option for the minimally invasive treatment of incipient carious lesions; this treatment was able to fulfill the primary expected effects: inhibition of carious progression and the lesions esthetic improvement. However, some issues need to be clarified to improve the safety of this treatment because it can be recommended in clinical practice. In conclusion, the use of resinous infiltrants has been reported as promising for the treatment of incipient carious lesions. However, there is a need for long-term studies to confirm the effectiveness of this treatment to determine its applicability for clinical use. Keywords: Dental Caries. Dental Leakage. Tooth Remineralization. ResumoO objetivo desse trabalho foi analisar evidências científicas, por meio de uma revisão de literatura, sobre a eficácia do uso de infiltrantes resinosos para o tratamento minimamente invasivo de lesões cariosas incipientes. A seleção do material literário utilizado foi realizada por pesquisa sobre o tema nas bases de dados: portal de periódicos Capes, PubMed, Medline, BBO, Lilacs e SciELO, abrangendo prioritariamente, o período de 2002 a 2019. Para busca nas bases de dados foram utilizadas palavras-chave como “Cárie Dentária”, “Remineralização Dentária”, “Infiltração Dentária”, assim como suas correspondentes na língua inglesa. A maioria dos estudos encontrados aponta o tratamento infiltrante resinoso como uma opção viável para o tratamento minimamente invasivo de lesões cariosas incipientes sendo capaz de cumprir os principais efeitos esperados: inibição da progressão cariosa e melhoria estética das lesões. Entretanto, alguns impasses necessitam ser esclarecidos para que o tratamento seja recomendado com mais segurança na prática clínica. Conclui-se que o uso de infiltrantes resinosos tem sido relatado como promissor para o tratamento de lesões cariosas incipientes, contudo há necessidade de novas pesquisas e estudos a longo prazo para confirmar sua eficácia em todos aspectos desejáveis para seu uso clínico. Palavras-chave: Cárie Dentária. Infiltração Dentária. Remineralização Dentária.
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Perdigão J. Resin infiltration of enamel white spot lesions: An ultramorphological analysis. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2019; 32:317-324. [PMID: 31742888 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is not a clear understanding of the ultramorphology of enamel white spot lesions (WSLs). The purpose of this study is to characterize resin infiltration of enamel WSLs using electron microscopy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Enamel sections with sound enamel and WSLs were sectioned from extracted teeth and assigned to three groups: (a) left untreated; (b) etched with 15% hydrochloric acid (Icon-Etch); (c) restored with the resin infiltration sequence (Icon-Etch, Icon-Dry, and Icon-Infiltrant). Restored specimens were demineralized to obtain replicas. Observations were carried out under a field-emission scanning electron microscope. RESULTS Icon-Etch resulted in an array of pits and funneled holes on the WSL. Replicas of WSLs depicted 0.5-6.0-μm-thick shaggy resin tags up to a depth of 465 μm. Enamel crystallites were enveloped with resin at the bottom of the WSL forming a hybrid layer. CONCLUSIONS The resin infiltrant filled the spaces between the crystallites and resulted in an enamel hybrid layer. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE In addition to masking enamel WSLs, resin infiltration is able envelop residual enamel crystallites forming an enamel hybrid layer. This hybridization makes resin-embedded enamel more resistant to acid attack than sound enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Perdigão
- Department of Restorative Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Marouane O, Douki N. The use of transillumination in detecting subclinical extensions of enamel opacities. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2019; 31:595-600. [DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Omar Marouane
- Université de Monastir, Restorative Dentistry Department University Hospital Sahloul Sousse Tunisia
| | - Nabiha Douki
- Université de Monastir, Restorative Dentistry Department University Hospital Sahloul Sousse Tunisia
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Gençer MDG, Kirzioğlu Z. A comparison of the effectiveness of resin infiltration and microabrasion treatments applied to developmental enamel defects in color masking. Dent Mater J 2019; 38:295-302. [PMID: 30713284 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2018-074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate color masking effect from treatments with resin infiltrant and two different remineralization agents applied with microabrasion to anterior teeth with developmental enamel defects. The incisors of patients aged 8-17 were evaluated. The study involved two groups including fluorosis (Group 1) and hypomineralization (Group 2) cases. These two groups were further divided based on the treatment received: Group A: Icon®, Group B: Opalustre®+Clinpro White Varnish®, and Group C: Opalustre®+Tooth Mousse®. The spectrophotometric values were recorded. Furthermore, the L* and ΔE values were evaluated by repeated measures of ANOVA. The largest increase in L* values over time after treatment was in Group 1A, followed by Group 1C and Group 1B. The largest increase in ΔE values over time after treatment was in Group 1A. Clinically observable difference was achieved as a result of all treatment groups. Especially resin infiltration treatment has been found to be more effective in teeth with fluorosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zuhal Kirzioğlu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Süleyman Demirel University
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A Combined Approach for the Aesthetic Management of Stained Enamel Opacities: External Bleaching Followed by Resin Infiltration. Case Rep Dent 2018; 2018:1605842. [PMID: 30116645 PMCID: PMC6079618 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1605842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stained enamel opacities are frequently encountered in dental practice. However, due to the risk of unaesthetic outcome, managing such lesions by resin infiltration techniques alone is not advised. Therefore, performing external bleaching before resin infiltration procedure is mandatory to eliminate stains from the hypomineralized lesions in order to aesthetically infiltrate them. In this work, we describe clinical cases in which external bleaching and resin infiltration techniques were used for managing stained enamel hypomineralized lesions related to traumatic dental injuries and molar incisor hypomineralization. Despite the fact that this approach has some limitations, it could be concluded that external bleaching associated with the resin infiltration technique shows promising results to aesthetically manage stained enamel opacities when the stain is totally removed after bleaching.
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Prud'homme T, Hyon I, Dajean Trutaud S, Lopez Cazaux S. Different applicabilities of the etch-bleach-seal technique for treating opacities on permanent incisor damage by molar incisor hypomineralisation in three young patients. BMJ Case Rep 2017; 2017:bcr-2017-221442. [PMID: 29289946 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2017-221442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Enamel opacity on anterior teeth can be prejudicial for the aesthetic appearance of affected patients. Patients with molar incisor hypomineralisation, for example, present opacities that can range from discrete white mottling to extensive yellow-brown discolourations. They can request a treatment to improve their aesthetic conditions. Many techniques have been considered to manage this condition. Wright developed a technique called etch-bleach-seal, which showed promising results for the management of anterior enamel opacities. The aims of this report are to present this technique and to analyse its benefits and inconveniences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Prud'homme
- Département d'Odontologie Pédiatrique, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Service d'Odontologie Conservatrice et Pédiatrique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Isabelle Hyon
- Service d'Odontologie Conservatrice et Pédiatrique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Sylvie Dajean Trutaud
- Département d'Odontologie Pédiatrique, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Service d'Odontologie Conservatrice et Pédiatrique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Serena Lopez Cazaux
- Département d'Odontologie Pédiatrique, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Service d'Odontologie Conservatrice et Pédiatrique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes, France
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Babajko S, Jedeon K, Houari S, Loiodice S, Berdal A. Disruption of Steroid Axis, a New Paradigm for Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH). Front Physiol 2017; 8:343. [PMID: 28603502 PMCID: PMC5445125 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Babajko
- Laboratory of Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMRS 1138, University Paris-Descartes, University Pierre et Marie Curie-ParisParis, France.,Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Odontologie, University Paris-DiderotParis, France
| | - Katia Jedeon
- Laboratory of Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMRS 1138, University Paris-Descartes, University Pierre et Marie Curie-ParisParis, France.,Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Odontologie, University Paris-DiderotParis, France
| | - Sophia Houari
- Laboratory of Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMRS 1138, University Paris-Descartes, University Pierre et Marie Curie-ParisParis, France.,Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Odontologie, University Paris-DiderotParis, France
| | - Sophia Loiodice
- Laboratory of Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMRS 1138, University Paris-Descartes, University Pierre et Marie Curie-ParisParis, France.,Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Odontologie, University Paris-DiderotParis, France
| | - Ariane Berdal
- Laboratory of Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMRS 1138, University Paris-Descartes, University Pierre et Marie Curie-ParisParis, France.,Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Odontologie, University Paris-DiderotParis, France.,Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de la face et de la Cavité Buccale MAFACE, Rothschild HospitalParis, France
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Khoroushi M, Kachuie M. Prevention and Treatment of White Spot Lesions in Orthodontic Patients. Contemp Clin Dent 2017; 8:11-19. [PMID: 28566845 PMCID: PMC5426141 DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_216_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Decalcification of enamel, appearing as white spot lesions (WSLs), around fixed orthodontic appliances is a major challenge during and after fixed orthodontic treatment by considering the fact that the goal of orthodontic treatment is to enhance facial and dental esthetic appearance. Banded or bonded teeth exhibit a significantly higher rate of WSLs compared to the controls with no braces as fixed appliances and the bonding materials promote retention of biofilms. These lesions are managed in the first step by establishing good oral hygiene habits and prophylaxis with topical fluorides, including high-fluoride toothpastes, fluoride mouthwashes, gels, varnishes, fluoride-containing bonding materials, and elastic ligatures. Recently, other materials and methods have been recommended, including the application of casein phosphopeptides-amorphous calcium phosphate, antiseptics, probiotics, polyols, sealants, laser, tooth bleaching agents, resin infiltration, and microabrasion. This article reviews the currently used methods to manage enamel demineralization during and after orthodontic treatment and the risk factors and preventive measures based on the latest evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Khoroushi
- Dental Materials Research Center, Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Marzie Kachuie
- Dental Materials Research Center, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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24
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Vieira AR, Kup E. On the Etiology of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization. Caries Res 2016; 50:166-9. [PMID: 27111773 DOI: 10.1159/000445128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a condition that is defined based on its peculiar clinical presentation. Reports on the etiology of the condition and possible risk factors are inconclusive and the original suggestion that MIH is an idiopathic condition is often cited. Our group was the first to suggest MIH has a genetic component that involves genetic variation in genes expressed during dental enamel formation. In this report, we provide a rationale to explain the preferential affection of molars and incisors. We suggest that MIH is a genetic condition based on its prevalence, which varies depending on the geographic location, and the evidence that on occasion second primary molars, permanent canines, and premolars can show signs of hypomineralization of enamel when molars and incisors are affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre R Vieira
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa., USA
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25
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Taches blanches de l’émail : protocole de traitement par infiltration superficielle ou en profondeur (partie 2). Int Orthod 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2013.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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26
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Attal JP, Atlan A, Denis M, Vennat E, Tirlet G. White spots on enamel: treatment protocol by superficial or deep infiltration (part 2). Int Orthod 2014; 12:1-31. [PMID: 24503373 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2013.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this 2nd part, the current treatment of white spot lesions by erosion/infiltration is presented, beginning with a reminder of the principle of superficial infiltration, which enables most early carious lesions, fluorosis and post-traumatic lesions to be treated. However, this technique has met with frequent failures in cases of MIH or deep lesions of traumatic origin or those associated with fluorosis. For this reason a new deep infiltration technique is proposed: thanks to its global treatment concept, this enables all white spots to be treated. The place of whitening in these treatment options is discussed, with explanations of the main reasons for its failures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Attal
- Unité de recherches biomatériaux innovation et interfaces (URB2i), faculté de chirurgie dentaire, Paris Descartes, 1, rue Maurice-Arnoux, 92120 Montrouge, France; Faculté de chirurgie dentaire, 1, rue Maurice-Arnoux, 92120 Montrouge, France; Hôpital Charles-Foix, 7, avenue de la République, 94205 Ivry-sur-Seine, France.
| | - Anthony Atlan
- Unité de recherches biomatériaux innovation et interfaces (URB2i), faculté de chirurgie dentaire, Paris Descartes, 1, rue Maurice-Arnoux, 92120 Montrouge, France; Faculté de chirurgie dentaire, 1, rue Maurice-Arnoux, 92120 Montrouge, France; Hôpital Charles-Foix, 7, avenue de la République, 94205 Ivry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Maud Denis
- Unité de recherches biomatériaux innovation et interfaces (URB2i), faculté de chirurgie dentaire, Paris Descartes, 1, rue Maurice-Arnoux, 92120 Montrouge, France; Faculté de chirurgie dentaire, 1, rue Maurice-Arnoux, 92120 Montrouge, France; Hôpital Charles-Foix, 7, avenue de la République, 94205 Ivry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Elsa Vennat
- École centrale Paris, laboratoire MSSMat, grande voie des Vignes, 92295 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Gilles Tirlet
- Faculté de chirurgie dentaire, 1, rue Maurice-Arnoux, 92120 Montrouge, France; Hôpital Charles-Foix, 7, avenue de la République, 94205 Ivry-sur-Seine, France
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