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Benign Pediatric Jawbone Lesions: A 10-Year Clinical and Radiological Pilot Study. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10020335. [PMID: 36832466 PMCID: PMC9954982 DOI: 10.3390/children10020335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at presenting a retrospective longitudinal analysis of the pediatric jaw lesions treated at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic in Cluj-Napoca, Romania, over a timeframe of ten years (2012 to 2022). The clinical and radiological characteristics of the jawbone lesions, the treatment outcome, and the recurrence incidence were described. All consecutive patients aged below 18 years, with histologically diagnosed odontogenic tumors (OTs), nonodontogenic tumors (non-OTs), or odontogenic cysts (OCs) were included. Age, dentition type, clinical symptoms, preoperative and postoperative radiological tests, histological diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up information one year following the diagnoses were all examined. Eighty-two cases were included. The ratio of men to women was 1.15:1, with the mandible predominating by 64.4%. Inflammatory radicular cysts predominated in 31.7% of cases. A total of 42.68% of the patients were asymptomatic. Enucleation was the most frequent surgical technique (45.1%), followed by cystectomies (28%) and marsupialization (14.6%). The overall recurrence rate was 7.3%; the most recurrent histopathological lesion was the odontogenic keratocyst. This study sheds new light on the clinical and radiological characteristics, treatment outcomes, and recurrence rate of juvenile jawbone lesions in children and adolescents. The diagnosis and treatment of jawbone lesions in children and adolescents can be enhanced with the use of epidemiological, clinical, and imagistic information.
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Conventional Ameloblastoma. A Case Report with Microarray and Bioinformatic Analysis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12123190. [PMID: 36553196 PMCID: PMC9777305 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12123190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ameloblastoma is a rare benign epithelial odontogenic neoplasm, but with great clinical implications, as despite its benignity and slow growth, most cases are locally aggressive with a significant recurrence rate. Histological, cellular, or molecular analyses of its pathogenesis have confirmed the complexity of this neoplasm. We present the case of a 20-year-old patient with a suggestive clinical and radiographic diagnosis of ameloblastoma. An incisional biopsy was obtained confirming the diagnosis of conventional ameloblastoma. Left hemimandibulectomy and plate reconstruction were performed. Histopathological analysis of the surgical specimen confirmed the conventional ameloblastoma with a plexiform pattern and significant areas of cystic degeneration and amyloid-like-like deposits. Additionally, a microarray was carried out with bioinformatic analysis for the enrichment, protein interaction, and determination of eight hub genes (CRP, BCHE, APP, AKT1, AGT, ACTC1, ADAM10, and APOA2) related to their pathogenesis.
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3
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Complex Head and Neck Resection, Reconstruction, and Rehabilitation in Children. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2022; 55:1205-1214. [DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2022.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Comini LV, Mannelli G, Tamburini A, Innocenti M, Spinelli G. Pediatric Malignant Mandibular Tumors: Personal Experience and Literature Options Discussion. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 2021; 83:263-271. [PMID: 33789315 DOI: 10.1159/000513870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mandibular defects reconstruction could result challenging in childhood, due to facial and mandibular growth patterns. For these reasons, the choice of the most suitable reconstructive option in pediatric patients, affected by mandibular malignancies, still objects of debate. OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to compare our reconstructive schedules to the existing literature in order to give a personal contribute to the present panorama. METHODS We performed, in October 2019, a retrospective evaluation of pediatric patients treated for biopsy-proven mandibular malignancies at our Institute between January 2013 and December 2016. All of them received multimodal therapy in accordance with standard guidelines and their demographic, clinical, treatment, and outcome parameters were collected and analyzed. RESULTS We observed a shorter duration of surgery, a faster tracheostomy tube and feeding-tube removal, and a minor hospitalization in patients who received grafts transfer compared to those who underwent microsurgical mandibular reconstruction. After a 36-month period of follow-up, osteochondral grafts showed a pattern of growth similar to the mandibular epiphysis (condilylion-gonion linear and vertical ratio ranging to 0.96-1.03 and 1-1.02 at orthopantomogram, respectively). No bone consolidation delays and functional impairment were recorded. CONCLUSIONS Free flaps mandibular reconstruction in children needs to be better assessed and proximal fibular epiphyseal free flap indication might deserve further studies. Osteochondral grafts find indication for lateral defects, 50-55 mm in maximum length and located in the mandibular ramus, without massive teeth or soft tissue defect. Condyle involvement does not represent an absolute contraindication to rib graft use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara V Comini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, AOU-Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Giuditta Mannelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Head and Neck Oncology and Robotic Surgery, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Angela Tamburini
- Meyer Children's University Hospital, Hematology-Oncology Service, Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Innocenti
- Reconstructive Microsurgery Unit, AOU-Careggi, Florence, Italy
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Sams CM, Dietsche EW, Swenson DW, DuPont GJ, Ayyala RS. Pediatric Panoramic Radiography: Techniques, Artifacts, and Interpretation. Radiographics 2021; 41:595-608. [PMID: 33513075 DOI: 10.1148/rg.2021200112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Panoramic radiography, particularly in the pediatric population, is rarely addressed in the radiology literature. The authors provide an in-depth discussion of how these images are acquired, what artifacts can be visualized, and how to mitigate these artifacts. Dental anatomy, as well as relevant osseous and soft-tissue anatomy visible on a panoramic image, are reviewed. The appearance of the normal pediatric panoramic radiograph, with an emphasis on the dental follicle, is discussed, as well as how to differentiate this normal structure from underlying pathologic conditions. The most commonly encountered pathologic conditions of carious disease and trauma are emphasized. A systematic approach to diagnosing mass lesions and their appropriate work-up, including multimodality imaging examples of relevant pathologic conditions, is also provided. Finally, congenital anomalies, including some of the more commonly encountered dysplasias, are reviewed. The authors provide a concise review of the relevant information needed to confidently interpret a pediatric panoramic radiograph. The online slide presentation from the RSNA Annual Meeting is available for this article. ©RSNA, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra M Sams
- From the Department of Diagnostic Imaging (C.M.S., E.W.D., D.W.S., R.S.A.) and Department of Dentistry, Samuels Sinclair Dental Center (G.J.D.), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital/Hasbro Children's Hospital, 593 Eddy St, Providence, RI 02903
| | - Eric W Dietsche
- From the Department of Diagnostic Imaging (C.M.S., E.W.D., D.W.S., R.S.A.) and Department of Dentistry, Samuels Sinclair Dental Center (G.J.D.), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital/Hasbro Children's Hospital, 593 Eddy St, Providence, RI 02903
| | - David W Swenson
- From the Department of Diagnostic Imaging (C.M.S., E.W.D., D.W.S., R.S.A.) and Department of Dentistry, Samuels Sinclair Dental Center (G.J.D.), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital/Hasbro Children's Hospital, 593 Eddy St, Providence, RI 02903
| | - George J DuPont
- From the Department of Diagnostic Imaging (C.M.S., E.W.D., D.W.S., R.S.A.) and Department of Dentistry, Samuels Sinclair Dental Center (G.J.D.), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital/Hasbro Children's Hospital, 593 Eddy St, Providence, RI 02903
| | - Rama S Ayyala
- From the Department of Diagnostic Imaging (C.M.S., E.W.D., D.W.S., R.S.A.) and Department of Dentistry, Samuels Sinclair Dental Center (G.J.D.), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital/Hasbro Children's Hospital, 593 Eddy St, Providence, RI 02903
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6
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Pongpanich M, Sanguansin S, Kengkarn S, Chaiwongkot A, Klongnoi B, Kitkumthorn N. An integrative analysis of genome-wide methylation and expression in ameloblastoma: A pilot study. Oral Dis 2020; 27:1455-1467. [PMID: 33022811 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE DNA methylation regulates the expression of various genes involved in tumorigenesis. Ameloblastoma is a benign odontogenic jaw tumor. It is locally aggressive with a high level of recurrence. A delay in treatment can lead to severe facial disfigurement. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first integrated analysis of DNA methylation and gene expression in ameloblastoma with the aim to identify genes that may be regulated by DNA methylation. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used an Infinium MethylationEPIC array to measure genome-wide methylation and the Illumina HiSeq platform to obtain gene expression data in ameloblastoma tissues from five patients and dental follicles from three healthy subjects. An integration analysis was performed using City of Hope CpG Island Analysis Pipeline software. RESULTS We identified 25,255 differentially methylated CpG sites and 17 differentially methylated CpG islands; six of the islands were negatively correlated with the expression of BAIAP2, DUSP6, FGFR2, FOXF2, NID2, and PAK6. Pyrosequencing and immunostaining techniques were further used to validate FGFR2, NID2, and PAK6. CONCLUSIONS This analysis identifies a group of novel genes that may be regulated by DNA methylation and will possibly lead to new insights into the pathology and invasion mechanism of ameloblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monnat Pongpanich
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Omics Sciences and Bioinformatics Center, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sirima Sanguansin
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sudaporn Kengkarn
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Rangsit University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Arkom Chaiwongkot
- Applied Medical Virology Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Boworn Klongnoi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nakarin Kitkumthorn
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Chen Y, Zhang J, Han Y, Troulis MJ, August M. Benign Pediatric Jaw Lesions at Massachusetts General Hospital Over 13 Years. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 78:1124-1135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2020.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Soufflet E, Thibaut F. Case report of maxillary osteosarcoma with up-to date review. JOURNAL OF ORAL MEDICINE AND ORAL SURGERY 2020. [DOI: 10.1051/mbcb/2020008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Osteosarcoma is characterized by its rarity and malignant nature, leading to difficulty in diagnosis. Observation: We present the case of a young woman observed by her orthodontist for a recent asymptomatic intraoral mass. The first anatomo-pathological result of the sample was a benign lesion, but rapid recurrence of the lesion led to the samples being retested, resulting in the diagnosis of osteosarcoma. Discussion: The most common symptom associated with osteosarcoma is painless swelling, sometimes associated with dysesthesia and/or limited mouth opening. The radiological signs may be of the osteogenic- or osteolytic-type. After histological confirmation the treatment of this tumor requires surgical excision sometimes combined with chemotherapy. Conclusion: Osteosarcoma should be part of the differential diagnosis when a patient has an intraoral bone tumor.
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Silva LP, Rolim LS, Silva LA, Pinto LP, Souza LB. The recurrence of odontogenic keratocysts in pediatric patients is associated with clinical findings of Gorlin-Goltz Syndrome. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2020; 25:e56-e60. [PMID: 31880290 PMCID: PMC6982988 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.23185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is an odontogenic developmental cyst that presents distinct clinical behavior. This lesion has been described as dental cysts with keratinization since the 1930s, however the term "OKC" was established in 1956. This study aims to determine the frequency and features of OKC in children aged 0 to 14 years in an oral pathology service in Brazil.
Material and Methods A retrospective study was performed to review cases of OKC in children diagnosed between 1986 and 2017. Clinical data were evaluated from medical records (gender, race, age, anatomical location, treatment, radiographic findings and follow-up).
Results Ninety-seven cases of OKC were diagnosed in a 31-year-period in all age groups and 10 were found in children (10.3%). Age ranged from 2 to 14 years (mean age=10.5±3.5), with 8 males and 2 females. The most frequent location was the anterior region of the mandible (n=4). Patients were predominantly asymptomatic. Moreover, in two children, clinical findings of Gorlin-Goltz Syndrome were observed. The most commonly used treatment was enucleation followed by curettage. In all cases of Gorlin-Goltz Syndrome were observed recurrences and occurrence of new keratocysts.
Conclusions Although uncommon in pediatric patients, OKC should be considered a differential diagnosis in cases of osteolytic lesions in gnathic bones. Thus, the periodic assessment of children by dentists and pediatricians is essential to get a correct diagnosis and early treatment to avoid greater mutilation of these patients. Key words:Odontogenic cysts, children, odontogenic keratocyst, Gorlin-Goltz Syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- L-P Silva
- Post-graduation Program in Oral Pathology Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 1787, Lagoa Nova Zip code: 59056-000 Natal, RN, Brazil
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George AP, Markiewicz MR, Garzon S, Choi DK. Adolescent and Young Adult Oral Maxillofacial Tumors: A Single-Institution Case Series and Literature Review. J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol 2019; 9:307-312. [PMID: 31859579 DOI: 10.1089/jayao.2019.0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescent and young adult (AYA) oral maxillofacial tumors are rare and account for ∼12% of all AYA cancers. Due to the low incidence of these malignancies, diagnostic considerations, therapeutic approaches, and factors affecting prognosis have been difficult to characterize. Given the anatomic structures located within the head and neck, patients are at risk for treatment-related morbidity that may adversely impact their quality of life. We present a single-institution case series of AYA patients with oral maxillofacial tumors treated at the University of Illinois at Chicago. A multidisciplinary treatment approach, including collaboration with the Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Dentistry, and the Ear, Nose, and Throat teams along with the utilization of Children's Oncology Group treatment protocols, can serve as a model to address the challenges in the management of these complex cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil P George
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Michael R Markiewicz
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Buffalo School of Dental Medicine, Buffalo, New York
| | - Steven Garzon
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Daniel K Choi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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11
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Kim JE, Yi WJ, Heo MS, Lee SS, Choi SC, Huh KH. Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the jaw, a mimicker of osteomyelitis on CT and MR images: A retrospective analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e16331. [PMID: 31277182 PMCID: PMC6635274 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000016331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Differential diagnosis of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH) in the jaw is essential for early treatment including systemic therapy. Records of 17 patients (6 men and 11 women; mean age, 14 years) with histologically confirmed LCH were reviewed. All the lesions occurred in the mandible. Most of the cases (n=12) were intraosseous type LCH, only 5 patients had alveolar type LCH. Patients complained of facial swelling and pain most likely. In the 14 patients who underwent CT and/or MR imaging, all LCH lesions were osteolytic, with a mean size of 23 mm. LCH presented as expansile lesions with periosteal new bone formation, perilesional sclerosis, fluid attenuation/signal within the lesion, and inflammatory changes in adjacent soft tissues on CT/MR images. Considering the major symptoms of LCH were swelling and pain, the differential diagnosis of LCH from osteomyelitis might be more difficult. The differential diagnosis for osteolytic lesions of the jaw with surrounding inflammatory changes should include LCH, especially in young patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo-Eun Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Seoul National University Dental Hospital
| | - Won-Jin Yi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University
| | - Min-Suk Heo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University
| | - Sam-Sun Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University
| | - Soon-Chul Choi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University
| | - Kyung-Hoe Huh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Osteogenic sarcoma of the skull: long-term outcome of a rare tumor. Childs Nerv Syst 2018; 34:2149-2153. [PMID: 30120533 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-018-3937-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteogenic sarcoma of the skull is uncommon and long-term outcome is not well defined. We review the literature and present a pediatric case of calvarial osteogenic sarcoma with good long-term oncological and cosmetic outcome and excellent quality of life. This case presented major surgical challenges, which are detailed. CASE DESCRIPTION A 6-year-old boy presented with a painless 5 cm × 5 cm lump over the vertex region. He was neurologically normal. Imaging showed an extensive bony lesion with intradural extension. After incisional biopsy showed probable low grade osteosarcoma, a complete en bloc resection with margins was attempted via a concentric craniotomy around the lesion after embolization to reduce blood loss. Invasion of the brain by the tumor precluded the complete en bloc resection, but gross total resection was achieved. The final pathology was consistent with a low-grade osteosarcoma and adjuvant chemotherapy was provided. Follow-up for 8 years has shown no recurrence with good cosmetic and functional outcome.
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Yuhan BT, Svider PF, Mutchnick S, Sheyn A. Benign and Malignant Oral Lesions in Children and Adolescents: An Organized Approach to Diagnosis and Management. Pediatr Clin North Am 2018; 65:1033-1050. [PMID: 30213347 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oral lesions in children encompass a wide range of etiologies, including idiopathic entities as well as those related to an underlying systemic illness. In addition, oral masses include benign entities harboring locally destructive behavior and even malignancies in rare cases. Thorough patient history and detailed and efficient physical examination are critical for determining which lesions can be closely observed versus those require further diagnostic work-up. Understanding normal oral cavity anatomy is crucial for performing appropriate evaluation. This review describes the appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for oral cavity lesions and reviews the broad differential diagnosis of oral cavity masses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T Yuhan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4201 Street Antoine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Peter F Svider
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4201 Street Antoine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Sean Mutchnick
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4201 Street Antoine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Anthony Sheyn
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 910 Madison Avenue, Suite 420, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, LeBonheur Children's Hospital, 848 Adams Avenue, Memphis, TN 38103, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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Masses of developmental and genetic origin affecting the paediatric craniofacial skeleton. Insights Imaging 2018; 9:571-589. [PMID: 29766474 PMCID: PMC6108962 DOI: 10.1007/s13244-018-0623-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although rare, masses and mass-like lesions of developmental and genetic origin may affect the paediatric craniofacial skeleton. They represent a major challenge in clinical practice because they can lead to functional impairment, facial deformation and disfigurement. The most common lesions include fibrous dysplasia, dermoid cysts, vascular malformations and plexiform neurofibromas. Less common lesions include torus mandibularis and torus palatinus, cherubism, nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome, meningoencephalocele and nasal sinus tract. This article provides a comprehensive approach for the evaluation of children with masses or mass-like lesions of developmental and genetic origin affecting the craniofacial skeleton. Typical findings are illustrated and the respective roles of computed tomography (CT), cone beam CT (CBCT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequences and ultrasonography (US) are discussed for the pre-therapeutic assessment, complex treatment planning and post-treatment surveillance. Key imaging findings and characteristic clinical manifestations are reviewed. Pitfalls of image interpretation are addressed and how to avoid them. TEACHING POINTS: • Masses of developmental and genetic origin may severely impair the craniofacial skeleton. • Although rare, these lesions have characteristic imaging features. • CT, MRI and ultrasonography play a key role in their work-up. • Recognition of pivotal imaging pearls and diagnostic pitfalls avoids interpretation errors.
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15
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Brady JS, Chung SY, Marchiano E, Eloy JA, Baredes S, Park RCW. Pediatric head and neck bone sarcomas: An analysis of 204 cases. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2017; 100:71-76. [PMID: 28802390 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze the demographics, survival, and treatment efficacy of pediatric sarcomas of the facial skeleton and skull. METHODS Retrospective study of cases from the US National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Pediatric patients between the ages of 0 and 18 diagnosed with a malignant sarcoma of either the mandible or the bones of skull, face, and associated joints from 1973 to 2013 were studied. RESULTS In total, 204 patients were included in the analysis. The average age at diagnosis was 11.39 (±5.15) years with a male-to-female ratio of 1.4:1. Whites were the most commonly affected race (76.0%). Malignant mandible sarcomas accounted for 29.9% of the cohort (n = 61). The most common pathology was osteosarcoma, which accounted for 43.6% of the cohort (n = 89). Among patients with known histologic grade (n = 95), 26.0% were AJCC stage III or IV. Overall, 5-year disease-specific survival (DSS) was 80.6%. When stratified by treatment modality, 5-year DSS was 86.0% for surgery alone, 67.9% for radiation alone, and 75.3% for surgery with adjuvant radiotherapy (p = 0.041). CONCLUSIONS Osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, and chondrosarcoma are the most common subtypes of pediatric head and neck bone sarcoma. Such sarcomas more commonly affect whites and males during pubertal ages. Disease-specific survival is not affected by primary site. Surgery alone is the mainstay of treatment, and demonstrates higher 5-year disease-specific survival compared to radiotherapy alone. Adjuvant radiotherapy does not seem to increase survival, but further investigation is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob S Brady
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Sei Y Chung
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Emily Marchiano
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jean Anderson Eloy
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA; Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery, Neurological Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Soly Baredes
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA; Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery, Neurological Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Richard Chan Woo Park
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA.
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Hu L, Yang X, Han J, Wang Y, Wang X, Zhu M, Liu J, Yu M, Zhang C, Xu L. Secondary mandibular reconstruction for paediatric patients with long-term mandibular continuity defects: a retrospective study of six cases. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017; 46:447-452. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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17
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Becker M, Stefanelli S, Rougemont AL, Poletti PA, Merlini L. Non-odontogenic tumors of the facial bones in children and adolescents: role of multiparametric imaging. Neuroradiology 2017; 59:327-342. [PMID: 28289810 PMCID: PMC5394153 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-017-1798-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Tumors of the pediatric facial skeleton represent a major challenge in clinical practice because they can lead to functional impairment, facial deformation, and long-term disfigurement. Their treatment often requires a multidisciplinary approach, and radiologists play a pivotal role in the diagnosis and management of these lesions. Although rare, pediatric tumors arising in the facial bones comprise a wide spectrum of benign and malignant lesions of osteogenic, fibrogenic, hematopoietic, neurogenic, or epithelial origin. The more common lesions include Langerhans cell histiocytosis and osteoma, while rare lesions include inflammatory myofibroblastic and desmoid tumors; juvenile ossifying fibroma; primary intraosseous lymphoma; Ewing sarcoma; and metastases to the facial bones from neuroblastoma, Ewing sarcoma, or retinoblastoma. This article provides a comprehensive approach for the evaluation of children with non-odontogenic tumors of the facial skeleton. Typical findings are discussed with emphasis on the added value of multimodality multiparametric imaging with computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), positron emission tomography CT (PET CT), and PET MRI. Key imaging findings and characteristic histologic features of benign and malignant lesions are reviewed and the respective role of each modality for pretherapeutic assessment and post-treatment follow-up. Pitfalls of image interpretation are addressed and how to avoid them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minerva Becker
- Division of Radiology, Department of Imaging and Medical Informatics, Geneva University Hospital, University of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle Perret Gentil 4, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Salvatore Stefanelli
- Division of Radiology, Department of Imaging and Medical Informatics, Geneva University Hospital, University of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle Perret Gentil 4, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Laure Rougemont
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Genetic and Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Alexandre Poletti
- Division of Radiology, Department of Imaging and Medical Informatics, Geneva University Hospital, University of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle Perret Gentil 4, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laura Merlini
- Division of Radiology, Department of Imaging and Medical Informatics, Geneva University Hospital, University of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle Perret Gentil 4, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
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Liu S, Chen Z. The Functional Role of PMP22 Gene in the Proliferation and Invasion of Osteosarcoma. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:1976-82. [PMID: 26154129 PMCID: PMC4501650 DOI: 10.12659/msm.893430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As the most common primary bone tumor, osteosarcoma has an improved survival rates with advancement of treatment methods. A higher rate of metastasis, however, leads to the aggravation of the disease. Studies have shown that some genes, namely osteosarcoma metastasis-related genes, participate in the process of tumor metastasis. The peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22) gene has recently been found to be abundantly expressed in the oncogenesis of osteosarcoma. Its detailed role and function in the tumor metastasis, however, remains unknown. Material/Methods The recombinant retroviral plasmid pcDNA3.1-PMP22 was constructed and used to transfect osteosarcoma cells SOSP-M, whose cell proliferation was measured by MTT method. The formation of tumor cell colony, the cell migration and invasion were also measured. The signal transduction pathway MAPK was further analyzed by Western blotting. Results The pcDNA3.1-PMP22 plasmid was confirmed to have a 305bp PMP22 fragment by EcoRI-XhoI dual digestion. Compared to the control group, osteosarcoma cell invasion was significantly facilitated by the transfection of pcDNA3.1-PMP22 plasmid (p<0.05). The recombinant plasmid also significantly potentiated the formation of tumor cell colony and increased the migration and invasion ability of tumor cells (p<0.05 in all cases). Phosphorylated p-ERK and p-P38 were also up-regulated by vector transfection (p<0.05). Conclusions Osteosarcoma metastasis-related gene PMP22 participates in the proliferation, invasion, migration and colony formation of osteosarcoma cells possibly via the MAPK signal transduction pathway, providing evidences for further investigation of metastatic mechanism of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyong Liu
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Zhiping Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong, China (mainland)
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