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Qu W, Liu M, Ge Y. Mindfulness decreases driving anger expression: The mediating effect of driving anger and anger rumination. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2024; 203:107642. [PMID: 38788434 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2024.107642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Mindfulness is a state of being fully attentive to the current moment and is an experiential way of living in daily life. As a personal trait, mindfulness has been proven to enhance various negative emotions and behaviors. However, in the field of driving, there is still a lack of research on the mechanisms of mindfulness on anger expression behavior, specifically aggressive driving. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to reveal the impact of mindfulness on drivers' aggressive driving behaviors and the mediating effect of driving anger and anger rumination. A total of 350 (208 males and 142 females) participants in China voluntarily completed a series of questionnaires, including the Mindful Attention and Awareness Scale (MAAS), the Driving Anger Scale (DAS), the Anger Rumination Scale (ARS) and the Driving Anger Expression Inventory (DAX). The hierarchical multiple regression analysis and pathway analysis results showed that mindfulness negatively predicted driving anger, anger rumination and driving anger expression. Moreover, driving anger and anger rumination mediated the relationship between mindfulness and driving anger expression, accounting for 9.51% and 18.74% of the total effect, respectively. The chain-mediated effect of driving anger and anger rumination accounted for 8.00% of the total effect. This study has revealed some of the internal mechanisms through which mindfulness reduces aggressive driving. It fills a part of the gap in understanding the protective role of mindfulness in the driving domain. Furthermore, it suggests mindfulness interventions for drivers, which may have the potential to enhance overall road safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weina Qu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Muyi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Ge
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Li J, Zhou Y, Ge Y, Qu W. Sensation seeking predicts risky driving behavior: The mediating role of difficulties in emotion regulation. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2023; 43:1871-1886. [PMID: 36314116 DOI: 10.1111/risa.14066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the mediating effect of difficulties in emotion regulation on the relationship between sensation seeking and driving behavior based on the dual-process model of aberrant driving behavior. A sample of 299 drivers in China completed the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, the Driver Behavior Questionnaire, and the Sensation Seeking Scale V (SSS). The relationships among sensation seeking, difficulties in emotion regulation, and driving behavior were investigated using pathway analysis. The results showed that (1) disinhibition and boredom susceptibility are positively and significantly related to difficulties in emotion regulation and risky driving behaviors; (2) difficulties in emotion regulation are positively and significantly associated with risky driving behaviors; (3) difficulties in emotion regulation mediate the effect of sensation seeking on driving behaviors, supporting the dual-process model of driving behavior; and (4) professional drivers score higher in terms of difficulties in emotion regulation and risky driving behaviors than nonprofessional drivers. The findings of this study could provide valuable insights into the selection of suitable drivers and the development of certain programs that benefit road safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Ge
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weina Qu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Hayashi Y, Friedel JE, Foreman AM, Wirth O. A hierarchical cluster analysis of young drivers based on their perceived risk and frequency of texting while driving. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2023; 85:398-404. [PMID: 37330889 PMCID: PMC10425917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The present study attempted to provide a proof-of-concept of usefulness of cluster analysis for identifying distinct and practically meaningful subgroups of drivers who differed in their perceived risk and frequency of texting while driving (TWD). METHOD Using a hierarchical cluster analysis, which involves sequential steps in which individual cases are merged together one at a time based on their similarities, the study first attempted to identify distinct subgroups of drivers who differed in their perceived risk and frequency of TWD. To further evaluate the meaningfulness of the subgroups identified, the subgroups were compared in terms of levels of trait impulsivity and impulsive decision making for each gender. RESULTS The study identified the following three distinct subgroups: (a) drivers who perceive TWD as risky but frequently engage in TWD; (b) drivers who perceive TWD as risky and infrequently engage in TWD; and (c) drivers who perceive TWD as not so risky and frequently engage in TWD. The subgroup of male, but not female, drivers who perceive TWD as risky but frequently engage in TWD showed significantly higher levels of trait impulsivity, but not impulsive decision making, than the other two subgroups. DISCUSSION This is the first demonstration that drivers who frequently engage in TWD can be categorized into two distinct subgroups that differ in terms of the perceived risk of TWD. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS For drivers who perceived TWD as risky yet frequently engage in TWD, the present study suggests that different intervention strategies may be needed for each gender.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anne M Foreman
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, United States
| | - Oliver Wirth
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, United States
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Morris KL, Mosley MA. The Five Facets of Mindfulness & Texting: A Moderation Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMIC THERAPY 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/2692398x.2023.2174774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L. Morris
- Human Development and Family Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
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Effects of Mindfulness Meditation on Doctors' Mindfulness, Patient Safety Culture, Patient Safety Competency and Adverse Event. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063282. [PMID: 35328968 PMCID: PMC8954148 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This study investigated the effects of mindfulness meditation on doctors’ mindfulness, patient safety culture, patient safety competency, and adverse events. Methods: We recruited 91 doctors from a hospital in China and randomized them to mindfulness meditation group (n = 46) and a waiting control group (n = 45). The mindfulness meditation group underwent an 8-week mindfulness meditation intervention, while the control group underwent no intervention. We measured four main variables (mindfulness, patient safety culture, patient safety competency, and adverse event) before and after the mindfulness meditation intervention. Results: In the experimental group, mindfulness, patient safety culture and patient safety competency were significantly higher compared with those of the control group. In the control group, there were no significant differences in any of the three variables between the pre-test and post-test. Adverse events in the experimental group were significantly lower than in the control group. Conclusions: The intervention of mindfulness meditation significantly improved the level of mindfulness, patient safety culture and patient safety competency. During the mindfulness meditation intervention, the rate of adverse events in the meditation group was also significantly lower than in the control group. As a simple and effective intervention, mindfulness meditation plays a positive role in improving patient safety and has certain promotional value.
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Luo X(R, Xu F, Zhang J, Xiao S, Xue B. Effects of Organizational Controls on Employees' Cyber-loafing. DATA BASE FOR ADVANCES IN INFORMATION SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.1145/3514097.3514102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Cyber-loafing is a workplace deviant behavior that may impose perennial losses and security threats to organizations. Due to the destructive impact, organizations take controls to manage employees' cyber-loafing behavior. While previous research concerning these cyber-loafing controls has yielded inconsistent results, this research further advances this line of research through two primarily adopted organizational controls: computer monitoring and Internet usage policy. We contend that the inconsistent results of the effects of computer monitoring and Internet usage policy on cyber-loafing behavior are due to ignoring the influence of individual differences. Motivated thus, we draw on pertaining literature of trait mindfulness to propose that trait mindfulness moderates the effect of perceived computer monitoring and perceived Internet usage policy on behavioral automaticity towards cyber-loafing, which leads to employees' cyber-loafing behavior. In essence, this paper sheds new light on the relationships amid organizational controls, cyber-loafing behavior, and the moderating effects of trait mindfulness. 450 responses were collected to test these hypotheses. Our results show that trait mindfulness enhances the negative effect of perceived Internet usage policy on behavioral automaticity towards cyber-loafing. In addition, we find out that trait mindfulness has an indirect effect on employees' cyber-loafing behavior by reducing behavioral automaticity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Feng Xu
- Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA
| | | | - Shan Xiao
- Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA
| | - Botong Xue
- Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA
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Adaptation and Validation of the Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale-Revised (CAMS-R) in People Living with HIV in Myanmar. Mindfulness (N Y) 2021; 13:188-197. [PMID: 34777622 PMCID: PMC8576082 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-021-01784-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Valid and reliable instruments for the measurement of mindfulness are crucial for people living with HIV. However, there was no Myanmar version of such an instrument. Methods We adapted the English version of the 12-item Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale-Revised (CAMS-R) based on standard cross-cultural procedures. By randomly sampling methods, a sample of 248 eligible people living with HIV was contacted from a closed Myanmar Facebook group; 159 PLHIV completed the initial 12-item version of the adapted survey. Results Three items were removed due to low item-to-total correlations of the corrected item-total correlation as well as having infit and outfit mean squares outside the range of 0.6 to 1.4. After deleting the 3 items, the three-factor structure was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis, which indicated good model fit. The resultant 9-item CAMS-R in Myanmar (CAMS-R-M-2) achieved good internal reliability (Cronbach's α of 0.75 to 0.87, and the corrected item-total correlation ranged from 0.44 to 0.81). Construct validity of the scale was demonstrated by significant association with self-reported HIV stigma and social support levels (r = 0.63, and - 0.53). In Rasch analysis, the infit and outfit mean squares for each item ranged from 0.49 to 1.24, and the person reliability was 2.17 and the separation index was 0.83. Conclusions The 9-item CAMS-R-M-2 with a three-factor structure has good reliability and validity. Higher total scores and subscale score reflected greater mindfulness qualities in people living with HIV in Myanmar.
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Schuman-Olivier Z, Trombka M, Lovas DA, Brewer JA, Vago DR, Gawande R, Dunne JP, Lazar SW, Loucks EB, Fulwiler C. Mindfulness and Behavior Change. Harv Rev Psychiatry 2021; 28:371-394. [PMID: 33156156 PMCID: PMC7647439 DOI: 10.1097/hrp.0000000000000277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Initiating and maintaining behavior change is key to the prevention and treatment of most preventable chronic medical and psychiatric illnesses. The cultivation of mindfulness, involving acceptance and nonjudgment of present-moment experience, often results in transformative health behavior change. Neural systems involved in motivation and learning have an important role to play. A theoretical model of mindfulness that integrates these mechanisms with the cognitive, emotional, and self-related processes commonly described, while applying an integrated model to health behavior change, is needed. This integrative review (1) defines mindfulness and describes the mindfulness-based intervention movement, (2) synthesizes the neuroscience of mindfulness and integrates motivation and learning mechanisms within a mindful self-regulation model for understanding the complex effects of mindfulness on behavior change, and (3) synthesizes current clinical research evaluating the effects of mindfulness-based interventions targeting health behaviors relevant to psychiatric care. The review provides insight into the limitations of current research and proposes potential mechanisms to be tested in future research and targeted in clinical practice to enhance the impact of mindfulness on behavior change.
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Zayia D, Parris L, McDaniel B, Braswell G, Zimmerman C. Social learning in the digital age: Associations between technoference, mother-child attachment, and child social skills. J Sch Psychol 2021; 87:64-81. [PMID: 34303448 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsp.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Technoference refers to incidents in which technology use interferes with interpersonal exchanges (e.g., conversations, playing). Although research on technoference is in its infancy, there is preliminary evidence that mothers believe technoference has a detrimental impact on the social-emotional functioning of their child. The current study investigated the degree to which technoference was associated with attachment between mothers and their elementary-aged children. A second aim was to determine if the relationship between technoference and children's social-emotional functioning may be moderated by mother-child attachment. Surveys were completed by a sample of 80 mothers and their elementary-aged children. This study is unique in asking elementary-aged children to report their perceptions of parental technoference and the impact it has on their relationship with their mother and their own social-emotional functioning. More frequent technoference was associated with less secure mother-child attachment as rated by children, but not as rated by mothers. That is, frequent technoference may not significantly influence a mother's attachment to their child, but it is associated with a child's attachment to their mother. More frequent technoference was associated with decreased ratings by mothers regarding their child's social-emotional functioning. Furthermore, maternal attachment moderated the relationship between technoference and child externalizing behaviors, such that a more secure attachment served as a protective factor against the negative impact of technoference on child externalizing behaviors. However, attachment did not moderate the relationship between technoference and most social skills assessed in our study. Implications from this study are discussed, including ways to increase awareness of technoference among school personnel, parents, and youth.
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Wei H, Ding H, Huang F, Zhu L. Parents’ Phubbing and Cyberbullying Perpetration Among Adolescents: the Mediation of Anxiety and the Moderation of Zhong-Yong Thinking. Int J Ment Health Addict 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-021-00535-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Baltruschat S, Mas-Cuesta L, Cándido A, Maldonado A, Verdejo-Lucas C, Catena-Verdejo E, Catena A. Repeat Traffic Offenders Improve Their Performance in Risky Driving Situations and Have Fewer Accidents Following a Mindfulness-Based Intervention. Front Psychol 2021; 11:567278. [PMID: 33551896 PMCID: PMC7854448 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.567278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Risky decision-making is highly influenced by emotions and can lead to fatal consequences. Attempts to reduce risk-taking include the use of mindfulness-based interventions (MBI), which have shown promising results for both emotion regulation (ER) and risk-taking. However, it is still unclear whether improved emotion regulation is the mechanism responsible for reduced risk-taking. In the present study, we explore the effect of a 5-week MBI on risky driving in a group of repeat traffic offenders by comparing them with non-repeat offenders and repeat offenders without training. We evaluated the driving behavior of the participants through a driving simulation, and self-reported emotion regulation, both before and after the intervention. At baseline, poor emotion regulation was related to a more unstable driving behavior, and speeding. The group that received mindfulness training showed improved performance during risky driving situations and had fewer accidents, although their overall driving behavior remained largely unchanged. The observed trend toward improved emotion regulation was not significant. We discuss whether other effects of MBI – such as self-regulation of attention – could underlie the observed reduction in risky driving in the initial stages. Nonetheless, our findings still confirm the close relationship between emotion regulation skills and risky driving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Baltruschat
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Laura Mas-Cuesta
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Cándido
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Maldonado
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | | | - Andrés Catena
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Trub L, Doyle KM, Parker V, Starks TJ. Drunk Texting: When the Phone Becomes a Vehicle for Emotional Dysregulation and Problematic Alcohol Use. Subst Use Misuse 2021; 56:1815-1824. [PMID: 34353214 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2021.1954027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: Drunk texting is an understudied phenomenon, despite its ubiquity and evidence suggesting it may be implicated in heavy drinking. Research on texting motivations and use of the phone as a tool for self-regulation also represent newly emerging areas of study. Objective/Method: The goal of the current study was to examine how drunk texting relates to drinking based on difficulties in emotional regulation and texting motivations in a sample of 2,559 women. Results: Drunk texting predicted heavy drinking. Emotional regulation difficulties (specifically, lack of access to strategies and lack of emotional clarity) predicted reliance on texting to escape as well as to facilitate self-expression. Further, indirect associations found that texting to escape strengthened the association between emotional regulation difficulties and drunk texting, while texting as a form of self-expression buffered against this association. Conclusions: These results highlight the extent to which problematic drinking and drunk texting have overlapping associations with emotional regulation, which can result from the presence of certain motivations for text messaging. Implications are discussed for interventions targeting the use of both phones and alcohol to escape, and increasing awareness of emotional states that might trigger such behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leora Trub
- Pace University, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Kendell M Doyle
- Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Tyrel J Starks
- Health Psychology and Clinical Science Doctoral Program, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York, USA.,Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
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Maier C, Mattke J, Pflügner K, Weitzel T. Smartphone use while driving: A fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis of personality profiles influencing frequent high-risk smartphone use while driving in Germany. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFORMATION MANAGEMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Romanowich P, Chen Q, Xu S. Relationships between Driver Errors and Delay Discounting in a Simulated Driving Task. Perspect Behav Sci 2020; 43:487-500. [PMID: 33029576 DOI: 10.1007/s40614-020-00246-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of vehicle accidents are attributable to driver error, such as substance use, distractions, fatigue, speeding, and driving experience. Many of these driver errors are also associated with delay discounting, where individuals that excessively devalue a reward are more likely to use substances such as alcohol, cigarettes, and cocaine, and text-while-driving. The current study sought to examine a more direct association between delay discounting and driver error by providing 50 participants with a series of simulated driving tasks, along with measuring their delay discounting rates. A median-split for delay discounting rates showed that participants with high-delay discounting rates made significantly more total errors for simple driving tasks (e.g., braking and one-lane change) early during the simulation, relative to participants with low-delay discounting rates. On the other hand, high-delay discounting participants continued to make more total errors for a more complicated two-lane change driving task after multiple trials, relative to low-delay discounting participants. These results support the idea that delay discounting is a transdisease process that can significantly negatively affect a large range of health-related behaviors, including driver errors. Treatment implications for reducing driver errors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Romanowich
- Department of Psychology, Gonzaga University, 502 East Boone, Spokane, WA 99258 USA
| | - Qian Chen
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX USA
| | - Shouhuai Xu
- Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX USA
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Kaviani F, Robards B, Young KL, Koppel S. Nomophobia: Is the Fear of Being without a Smartphone Associated with Problematic Use? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17176024. [PMID: 32824979 PMCID: PMC7504166 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mobile phones are changing behaviour, relationships, communication and the dynamics of physical environments. As such, reliance on the device for everyday activities has increased. Consequently, "nomophobia", defined as the fear of being without one's mobile phone, has emerged as a new phobia. The current study aimed to determine if nomophobia can increase the likelihood of problematic dependent, prohibited and dangerous mobile phone use. The sample comprised 2838 participants (males n = 1337 females n = 1501) recruited from various online platforms. The instrument used to measure nomophobia was the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q), while problematic mobile phone use was measured using the Problematic Mobile Phone Use Questionnaire (PMPUQ-R). The findings revealed a strong positive correlation between nomophobia and all three problematic use factors. In addition to nomophobia, regression models revealed younger age and more time spent on a mobile phone per day significantly increased problematic dependency, prohibited use and dangerous use. Males were more likely to engage in prohibited and dangerous use, while no significant gender differences were found in dependent use. These findings support the need for further research into the relationship between nomophobia and specific aspects of problematic mobile phone use, such as using a mobile phone while driving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fareed Kaviani
- Monash Sustainable Development Institute, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Brady Robards
- School of Social Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia;
| | - Kristie L. Young
- Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia; (K.L.Y.); (S.K.)
| | - Sjaan Koppel
- Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia; (K.L.Y.); (S.K.)
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Kita E, Luria G. Differences between males and females in the prediction of smartphone use while driving: Mindfulness and income. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2020; 140:105514. [PMID: 32244090 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2020.105514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study examines the relationship between two variables-mindfulness and income-with regards to their relationship to the use of smartphones by young drivers, which has been known to increase the likelihood of car accidents, endangering young drivers and other road users. The study focuses on the relationship between these variables and the use of smartphones while driving, and how this relationship differs between males and females. METHOD The study sample included 221 young drivers who were legally permitted to drive without supervision. The subjects were first asked to complete questionnaires on mindfulness and income. Next, their smartphone use while driving was monitored over a one-month period. This study is unique as it used an objective smartphone monitoring application (rather than self-reporting) to count the number of times the young participants actually touched their smartphones while driving. RESULTS The findings show that the effects of social and personal factors (i.e., income and mindfulness) on the use of smartphones while driving are significant for males but not for females. CONCLUSIONS Most studies that investigate differences between males and females with respect to safety focus on differences in the averages of safety-related variables (such as safety performance and outcomes). In the current study, however, we identified differences in relationships between variables and demonstrated that what predicts safety-related behavior in males may not be a good predictor for females. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Mindfulness and income can be used to identify male populations that are at risk of using smartphones while driving. Interventions that improve mindfulness can be used to reduce the use of smartphones by male drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erez Kita
- Faculty of Welfare and Health Sciences, Department of Human Services, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel; Or Yarok - The Association for Safer Driving in Israel, Israel.
| | - Gil Luria
- Faculty of Welfare and Health Sciences, Department of Human Services, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel.
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Murphy G, Gauld C, Lewis I. Predicting the monitoring/reading of communications on a smartphone among young drivers using an extended theory of planned behaviour. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2020; 136:105403. [PMID: 31855711 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2019.105403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Australian drivers aged 17-25 years are overrepresented in road crashes, with many crashes resulting from smartphone use. The current study, based on a prospective design and an extended TPB framework, predicted young drivers' intentions to, and actual behaviour of, monitoring/reading social interactive technology via a smartphone while driving. An online survey at Time 1 (N = 167) assessed the TPB constructs of attitude, subjective norm and perceived behaviour control (PBC), and the additional factors of habit, mindfulness and cognitive capture. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that the TPB constructs accounted for 76.4% in the variance of young drivers' intentions. The extended model, which included habit, mindfulness and cognitive capture accounted for a significant 79% of the variance in intention, and these additional factors explained a significant amount of variance over and above the TPB constructs. The Time 2 survey (N = 95) assessed actual behaviour in relation to smartphone use in the one-week period between the Time 1 and 2 surveys. Results from a multiple regression analysis of Time 2 found that, as expected, intention was a significant predictor of the behaviour of monitoring/reading a smartphone while driving. The results support the TPB for predicting intention and actual behaviour in relation to monitoring/reading a smartphone while driving. The theoretical and practical implications of the current study are discussed as well as recommendations for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Murphy
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety - Queensland (CARRS-Q), Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), 130 Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, 4059 Australia
| | - Cassandra Gauld
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety - Queensland (CARRS-Q), Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), 130 Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, 4059 Australia; University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, New South Wales, 2308, Australia.
| | - Ioni Lewis
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety - Queensland (CARRS-Q), Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), 130 Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, 4059 Australia
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McBride M, Carter L, Phillips B. Integrating the theory of planned behavior and behavioral attitudes to explore texting among young drivers in the US. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFORMATION MANAGEMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Gender as a Moderating Variable between Delay Discounting and Text-Message Dependency in College Students. PSYCHOLOGICAL RECORD 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40732-019-00373-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Kemper KJ, Schwartz A, Wilson PM, Mahan JD, Schubert CJ, Staples BB, McClafferty H, Serwint JR, Batra M. Burnout in Pediatric Residents: Three Years of National Survey Data. Pediatrics 2020; 145:peds.2019-1030. [PMID: 31843859 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2019-1030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to describe the national epidemiology of burnout in pediatric residents. METHODS We conducted surveys of residents at 34 programs in 2016, 43 programs in 2017, and 49 programs in 2018. Survey items included the Maslach Burnout Inventory, demographics, program characteristics, personal qualities, experiences, and satisfaction with support, work-life balance, and learning environment. Analyses included cross-sectional comparisons and cross-sectional and longitudinal regression. RESULTS More than 60% of eligible residents participated; burnout rates were >50% in all years and not consistently associated with any demographic or residency characteristics. Cross-sectional associations were significant between burnout and stress, sleepiness, quality of life, mindfulness, self-compassion, empathy, confidence in providing compassionate care (CCC), being on a high-acuity rotation, recent major medical error, recent time off, satisfaction with support and career choice, and attitudes about residency. In cross-sectional logistic regression analyses, 4 factors were associated with an increased risk of burnout: stress, sleepiness, dissatisfaction with work-life balance, and recent medical error; 4 factors were associated with lower risk: empathy, self-compassion, quality of life, and CCC. Longitudinally, after controlling for 2017 burnout and 2018 risk factors (eg, recent error, sleepiness, rotation, and time off), 2017 quality of life was associated with 2018 burnout; 2017 self-compassion was associated with lower 2018 stress; and 2017 mindfulness, empathy, and satisfaction with learning environment and career choice were associated with 2018 CCC. CONCLUSIONS A majority of residents met burnout criteria. Several identified factors (eg, stress, sleepiness, medical errors, empathy, CCC, and self-compassion) suggest targets for interventions to reduce burnout in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathi J Kemper
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio;
| | - Alan Schwartz
- Departments of Medical Education and Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Paria M Wilson
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - John D Mahan
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | - Betty B Staples
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Hilary McClafferty
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Janet R Serwint
- Depatrtment of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Maneesh Batra
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Media Use of Mothers, Media Use of Children, and Parent-Child Interaction Are Related to Behavioral Difficulties and Strengths of Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16234651. [PMID: 31766650 PMCID: PMC6926547 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16234651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the associations of media use of children, media use of mothers, and parent-child interactions with behavioral strengths and difficulties in children. Screen time of 553 2- to 9-year-old children and their mothers were indicated by the daily durations of their TV/games console/computer/mobile phone use. The amount of parent–child interaction was indicated by the frequencies of shared activities at home. Behavioral strengths and difficulties of children were investigated using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Children whose mothers reported high screen times (>/= 5 h/day) were significantly more likely to show high screen times (>/= 2 h/day). High screen time of children was associated with more conduct problems, more symptoms of hyperactivity/inattention and less prosocial behavior. High screen time of mothers was associated with emotional problems, conduct problems, and symptoms of hyperactivity/inattention. In contrast, a higher frequency of parent–child interactions was associated with fewer conduct problems, fewer peer-relationship problems, and more prosocial behavior of children. Children might use the media behavior of their mothers as a role model for their own media use. Furthermore, the findings suggest that media use of children and mothers and parent–child interaction contribute independently to behavioral strengths and difficulties of children.
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Trub L, Barbot B. Great Escape or Path to Self-Expression?: Development and Validation of a Scale of Motivations for Text Messaging. MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION IN COUNSELING AND DEVELOPMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/07481756.2019.1667244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leora Trub
- Department of Psychology, Pace University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Baptiste Barbot
- Department of Psychology, Pace University, New York, NY, USA
- Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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Kemper KJ, McClafferty H, Wilson PM, Serwint JR, Batra M, Mahan JD, Schubert CJ, Staples BB, Schwartz A. Do Mindfulness and Self-Compassion Predict Burnout in Pediatric Residents? ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2019; 94:876-884. [PMID: 30520809 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000002546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Burnout symptoms are common among health professionals. Gaps remain in understanding both the stability of burnout and compassion over time and relationships among burnout, self-compassion, stress, and mindfulness in pediatric residents. METHOD The authors conducted a prospective cohort study of residents at 31 U.S. residency programs affiliated with the Pediatric Resident Burnout-Resilience Study Consortium. Residents completed online cross-sectional surveys in spring 2016 and 2017. The authors assessed demographic characteristics and standardized measures of mindfulness, self-compassion, stress, burnout, and confidence in providing compassionate care. RESULTS Of 1,108 eligible residents, 872 (79%) completed both surveys. Of these, 72% were women. The prevalence of burnout was 58% and the level of mindfulness was 2.8 in both years; levels of stress (16.4 and 16.2) and self-compassion (37.2 and 37.6) were also nearly identical in both years. After controlling for baseline burnout levels in linear mixed-model regression analyses, mindfulness in 2016 was protective for levels of stress and confidence in providing compassionate care in 2017. Self-compassion in 2016 was protective for burnout, stress, and confidence in providing compassionate care in 2017; a one-standard-deviation increase in self-compassion score was associated with a decrease in the probability of burnout from 58% to 48%. CONCLUSIONS Burnout and stress were prevalent and stable over at least 12 months among pediatric residents. Mindfulness and self-compassion were longitudinally associated with lower stress and greater confidence in providing compassionate care. Future studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of training that promotes mindfulness and self-compassion in pediatric residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathi J Kemper
- K.J. Kemper is founding director, Center for Integrative Health and Wellness, and professor of pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. H. McClafferty is director, Pediatric Integrative Medicine in Residency Program, and codirector, Fellowship in Integrative Medicine, University of Arizona Center for Integrative Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona. P.M. Wilson is assistant professor, Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. J.R. Serwint is professor emeritus of pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. M. Batra is associate program director, Pediatric Residency Program, and associate professor of pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. J.D. Mahan is director, Pediatric Residency Program, and professor of pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. C.J. Schubert is professor of pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio. B.B. Staples is director, Pediatric Residency Program, and associate professor of pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina. A. Schwartz is Michael Reese Endowed Professor of Medical Education and director of research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, and data analyst, Association of Pediatric Program Directors Longitudinal Educational Assessment Research Network
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Bernstein JPK, DeVito A, Calamia M. Associations between emotional symptoms and self-reported aberrant driving behaviors in older adults. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2019; 127:28-34. [PMID: 30826694 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2019.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine associations between internalizing symptoms and self-reported aberrant driving behaviors in a large sample (n = 341) of older adults (mean age = 62.6 years, SD = 4.8). DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. RESULTS Multiple regression analyses revealed that greater symptoms of emotional distress (i.e., higher scores on the Expanded Version of the Inventory of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms (IDAS-II) emotional distress composite) were associated with greater aberrant driving behaviors (i.e., higher scores on the Driving Behavior Questionnaire). In contrast, neither obsessions/fears nor emotional well-being were associated with greater aberrant driving behaviors. Follow-up regression analyses examining specific IDAS-II subscales revealed that greater suicidality, appetite gain, appetite loss, panic, and ill temper were associated with greater aberrant driving behaviors. Individuals reporting greater suicidality and appetite loss reported greater tendencies to unintentionally commit errors behind the wheel, while individuals reporting greater ill temper and appetite loss reported greater tendencies to intentionally engage in unsafe driving behaviors that may put other drivers in harm's way. CONCLUSION Older adults reporting emotional distress may be at risk for engaging in aberrant driving behaviors. In particular, certain symptoms of emotional distress (e.g., suicidality, ill temper) are tied to higher rates of aberrant driving behaviors within this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P K Bernstein
- Louisiana State University, Department of Psychology, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States.
| | - Alyssa DeVito
- Louisiana State University, Department of Psychology, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States
| | - Matthew Calamia
- Louisiana State University, Department of Psychology, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States
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Moore MM, Brown PM. The association of self-regulation, habit, and mindfulness with texting while driving. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2019; 123:20-28. [PMID: 30448709 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The saturation of mobile phones throughout Australia has led to some individuals being unable to regulate their use within situations that are inappropriate or risky. One of the most prevalent risky mobile phone use behaviours is texting while driving. Attempts to explain texting while driving suggest cognitive variables and personality characteristics are key factors. This study explored relationships between trait self-regulation, habitual text messaging, trait mindfulness, and texting while driving. One hundred and seventy participants comprising Australian undergraduate psychology students and members of the public completed an online survey measuring trait self-regulation, habitual text messaging behaviour, trait mindfulness, and frequency of texting while driving. It was found that habitual texting behaviour mediated the relationship between trait self-regulation and frequency of texting while driving. Additionally, trait mindfulness moderated the relationship between habit and texting while driving, such that habitual texting was significantly, positively related to texting while driving, but only for individuals with low to moderate trait mindfulness. These results suggest personality constructs related to attention, awareness, and control of behaviour play a significant role in counteracting the association that habitual texting behaviour has with the frequency of texting while driving. As these traits are considered malleable, this association may be applicable in future development of intervention programs aimed at increasing control over mobile phone use and reducing the frequency with which people text while driving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie M Moore
- Centre for Applied Psychology, Kirinari Street, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory, 2617, Australia.
| | - Patricia M Brown
- Centre for Applied Psychology, Kirinari Street, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory, 2617, Australia.
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Koppel S, Bugeja L, Hua P, Osborne R, Stephens AN, Young KL, Chambers R, Hassed C. Do mindfulness interventions improve road safety? A systematic review. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2019; 123:88-98. [PMID: 30468950 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mindfulness has been identified as a potentially effective intervention for reducing road trauma. In this paper, we report on the results of a systematic review which examined the evidence regarding the relationship between mindfulness and road safety. The review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO 2017: CRD42017075704). The primary outcomes measured were crash or near-crash rates and the secondary outcomes were driving violations (including speeding and texting while driving) and driving performance (i.e., errors in driving simulator, etc.). This review was registered with PROSPERO 2017: CRD42017075704. A systematic search of databases from the disciplines of public health, psychology and transport safety (Ovid Cochrane Library, Ovid PsycINFO, Ovid EMBASE, CINAHL PLUS, Ovid TRANSPORT and TRID: TRIS and ITRD database) was conducted on February 7th 2018. Seventeen studies (12 cross-sectional and 5 case-control) published between 2011 and 2017 met the inclusion criteria. These all focused on the association between mindfulness or mind-wandering on road safety measures including driving performance (vehicle control, reaction time), compliance with speed zones and traffic signals, near-crash and crash rates, as well as propensity to engage in distracted driving behaviours. The results of the review suggest that mindfulness may be particularly useful for preventing distracted driving. However, a number of limitations in the existing research are noted. It is clear that more research is warranted to specifically investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness as an intervention for reducing road trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjaan Koppel
- Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Lyndal Bugeja
- Health Law and Ageing Research Unit, Department of Forensic Medicine, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia; School of Nursing and Midwifery, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Phuong Hua
- Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Rachel Osborne
- Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Amanda N Stephens
- Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Kristie L Young
- Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia
| | | | - Craig Hassed
- Department of General Practice, Monash University, VIC 3168, Australia
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Lucas-Thompson RG, Broderick PC, Coatsworth JD, Smyth JM. New Avenues for Promoting Mindfulness in Adolescence using mHealth. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES 2019; 28:131-139. [PMID: 31160875 PMCID: PMC6544044 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-018-1256-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
There is a large evidence base supporting the efficacy of mindfulness interventions in adulthood, and growing support for the efficacy of these interventions in adolescence. Historically mindfulness interventions have been delivered in person and in groups, with recommendations for home practice being a critical part of the intervention. However, compliance with these practice recommendations in adolescence is very poor. Past studies indicate that using mobile technology to promote skill transfer to real life can be an effective strategy, particularly when used as a supplement to an in-person intervention strategy. To date, however, mobile technology has largely been used to create stand-alone mindfulness interventions. The goals of the current paper are to discuss the potential opportunities and challenges with a mobile-technology-enhanced mindfulness intervention, and to present the rationale that such an approach is not only theoretical and empirically sound but also a critical next step to increase the efficacy and developmental appropriateness of mindfulness interventions for adolescents. This discussion is grounded in a specific example of a mindfulness intervention supplemented by momentary interventions we are developing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - J Doug Coatsworth
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, Colorado State University
| | - Joshua M Smyth
- Biobehavioral Health and Medicine, Pennsylvania State University
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Ji M, Yang C, Li Y, Xu Q, He R. The influence of trait mindfulness on incident involvement among Chinese airline pilots: The role of risk perception and flight experience. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2018; 66:161-168. [PMID: 30121102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The primary objective of this study is to investigate the relationships between trait mindfulness, risk perception, flight experience, and incident involvement among Chinese airline pilots. Method The study used a sample consisting of 295 commercial airline pilots from China Southern Airlines Ltd. Results The results show that trait mindfulness has a direct and negative effect on airline pilots' incident involvement, and an indirect effect on incident involvement through influencing risk perception. Flight experience was also found to strengthen the negative and direct effect of trait mindfulness on incident involvement. Practical applications The practical implications of the study include recommendations as to injury prevention efforts in incident involvement. Future research directions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ji
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, China; Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, China.
| | - Can Yang
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, China; Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, China.
| | - Ying Li
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, China; Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, China.
| | - Quan Xu
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, China; Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, China.
| | - Rong He
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, China; Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, China
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Hayashi Y, Blessington GP. A behavioral economic analysis of media multitasking: Delay discounting as an underlying process of texting in the classroom. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2018.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Koppel S, Stephens AN, Young KL, Hua P, Chambers R, Hassed C. What is the relationship between self-reported aberrant driving behaviors, mindfulness, and self-reported crashes and infringements? TRAFFIC INJURY PREVENTION 2018; 19:480-487. [PMID: 29580093 DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2018.1440083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the relationship between self-reported aberrant driving behaviors, mindfulness, and self-reported crashes and infringements. METHODS Three hundred and eighteen participants (M = 46.0 years, SD = 13.7 years; female: 81.8%) completed an online survey that assessed aberrant driving behaviors, mindfulness (including regular mindfulness meditation [MM]), and self-reported crashes and infringements during the past 2 years. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine the relationship between self-reported aberrant driving behaviors and mindfulness simultaneously, as well as with participants' age and estimated kilometers driven over the past year. RESULTS The results of the SEM showed that mindfulness was negatively related to each self-reported aberrant driving behavior, with the strongest relationships being between mindfulness and driving-related lapses (-0.58) and errors (-0.46). Participants who practice MM had significantly fewer crashes in the past 2 years and reported significantly fewer driving-related violations and lapses compared to participants who did not practice MM (crashes: 9.3% vs. 18.8%, P < .05; violations: M = 6.66 [SD = 3.44] vs. M = 7.68 [SD = 4.53], P < .05; errors: M = 5.17 [SD = 3.44] vs. M = 6.19 [SD = 4.12], P < .05). CONCLUSIONS More research is needed to understand whether MM results in more mindful and attentive drivers or whether individuals who practice MM may have other traits or behaviors that are linked to improved safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjaan Koppel
- a Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash University , Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
| | - Amanda N Stephens
- a Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash University , Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
| | - Kristie L Young
- a Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash University , Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
| | - Phuong Hua
- a Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash University , Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
| | - Richard Chambers
- b Mindfulness Programs, Monash University , Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
| | - Craig Hassed
- c Department of General Practice , Monash University , Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
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Fournier AK, Berry TD, Frisch S. It can W8: A community intervention to decrease distracted driving. J Prev Interv Community 2018; 44:186-98. [PMID: 27309027 DOI: 10.1080/10852352.2016.1166814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Researchers tested an intervention to decrease cell-phone use while driving on a university campus. A total of 3,827 driving observations were recorded on a campus roadway over a three-week period. The campus intervention, consisting of fear appeals, pledges, and behavioral prompts, was tested using an ABA reversal design (Baseline-Intervention-Baseline) with observed cell-phone use as the dependent measure. A Chi-Square test of independence indicated the percentage of drivers talking on a cell phone decreased significantly from 8.5% of 945 drivers at Baseline to 5.5% of 1,428 drivers following the Intervention. In contrast, the percentage of drivers observed texting increased significantly from 4% of 945 drivers at Baseline to 6.2% of 1,428 drivers following the Intervention. Additionally, safety-belt use was associated with the type of phone use observed. Findings were significantly different for women versus men. Results are discussed in the context of behavioral community intervention and gender differences in traffic-safety behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela K Fournier
- a Department of Psychology , Bemidji State University , Bemidji , Minnesota , USA
| | - Thomas D Berry
- b Department of Psychology , Christopher Newport University , Newport News , Virginia , USA
| | - Sarah Frisch
- a Department of Psychology , Bemidji State University , Bemidji , Minnesota , USA
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Hayashi Y, Foreman AM, Friedel JE, Wirth O. Executive function and dangerous driving behaviors in young drivers. TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH. PART F, TRAFFIC PSYCHOLOGY AND BEHAVIOUR 2018; 52:51-61. [PMID: 31024220 PMCID: PMC6477690 DOI: 10.1016/j.trf.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the behavioral and cognitive processes underlying dangerous driving behaviors. We used a survey to assess levels of executive function in college students. The sample consisted of 59 males and 77 females and their age ranged from 18 to 24. We stratified the students into two groups based on executive function scores and compared the extent to which each group engaged in four dangerous driving behaviors (texting while driving, driving without a seat belt, driving while intoxicated, and speeding) as well as how often they experienced three negative driving outcomes (crashes, pulled over, and ticketed). We also investigated how these driving behaviors and outcomes are correlated with subcategories of executive function. The results show that students with a low level of executive function were more likely to engage in dangerous driving behaviors and more likely to experience negative driving outcomes. The results also show that texting while driving, driving while intoxicated, and speeding were most strongly correlated with the executive function subcategory of Impulse Control, whereas driving without a seat belt was most strongly correlated with the executive function subcategory of Strategic Planning. These results suggest that different behavioral or cognitive processes are involved in different dangerous driving behaviors and different interventions may be needed to target each underlying process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Hayashi
- Pennsylvania State University, Hazleton, 76 University Drive, Hazleton, PA 18202, USA
| | - Anne M. Foreman
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Jonathan E. Friedel
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Oliver Wirth
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
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McDaniel BT, Radesky JS. Technoference: Parent Distraction With Technology and Associations With Child Behavior Problems. Child Dev 2017; 89:100-109. [PMID: 28493400 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.12822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Heavy parent digital technology use has been associated with suboptimal parent-child interactions, but no studies examine associations with child behavior. This study investigates whether parental problematic technology use is associated with technology-based interruptions in parent-child interactions, termed "technoference," and whether technoference is associated with child behavior problems. Parent reports from 170 U.S. families (child Mage = 3.04 years) and actor-partner interdependence modeling showed that maternal and paternal problematic digital technology use predicted greater technoference in mother-child and father-child interactions; then, maternal technoference predicted both mothers' and fathers' reports of child externalizing and internalizing behaviors. Results suggest that technological interruptions are associated with child problem behaviors, but directionality and transactional processes should be examined in future longitudinal studies.
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Hayashi Y, Rivera EA, Modico JG, Foreman AM, Wirth O. Texting while driving, executive function, and impulsivity in college students. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2017; 102:72-80. [PMID: 28267655 PMCID: PMC6481653 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2017.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the cognitive processes underlying texting while driving. A sample of 120 college students completed a survey to assess how frequently they send and read a text message while driving. Based on this information, students were assigned to one of two groups: 20 students who frequently text while driving and 20 matched-control students who infrequently text while driving but were similar in gender, age, years of education, and years driving. The groups were compared on the extent to which they differed in self-reported measures of executive function and impulsivity. The groups were also compared on a behavioral measure of impulsivity: the extent to which they discounted hypothetical monetary rewards as a function of the delay. For this measure, the students made repeated choices between smaller monetary rewards available immediately and larger rewards available after delays ranging from 1 week to 6 months. The results show that the group of students who frequently text while driving showed (a) significantly lower levels of executive function and (b) higher levels of self-reported impulsivity, although the groups did not differ significantly on the behavioral measure of impulsivity. These results support a general conclusion that drivers with lower levels of executive function and higher levels of impulsivity are more likely to text while driving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Hayashi
- Pennsylvania State University, Hazleton, 76 University Drive, Hazleton, PA 18202, USA.
| | - Esteban A Rivera
- Pennsylvania State University, Hazleton, 76 University Drive, Hazleton, PA 18202, USA
| | - James G Modico
- Pennsylvania State University, Hazleton, 76 University Drive, Hazleton, PA 18202, USA
| | - Anne M Foreman
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Oliver Wirth
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
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Kemper KJ, Rao N, Gascon G, Mahan JD. Online Training in Mind-Body Therapies: Different Doses, Long-term Outcomes. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med 2017; 22:696-702. [PMID: 28403656 PMCID: PMC5871275 DOI: 10.1177/2156587217701857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. There is a high rate of burnout among health professionals, driving diverse attempts to promote resilience and well-being to counter this trend. The purpose of this project was to assess the dose-response relationship between the number of hours of online mind-body skills training for health professionals and relevant outcomes a year later. Methods. Among 1438 registrants for online training (including up to 12 hours of training on mind-body practices) between December 2013 and November 2015, we analyzed responses from the first 10% who responded to an anonymous online survey between December 1, 2015 and February 1, 2016. Questions included the type and frequency of mind-body practice in the past 30 days and whether the online training had any impact on personal life or professional practice. Standardized measures were used to assess stress, mindfulness, confidence in providing compassionate care, and burnout. Results. The 149 respondents represented a variety of ages and health professions; 55% completed one or more mind-body training modules an average of 14 months previously. Most (78%) engaged in one or more mind-body practices in the 30 days before the survey; 79% reported changes in self-care and 71% reported changes in the care of others as a result of participating. Increasing number of hours of training were significantly associated with practicing mind-body skills more frequently; increasing practice frequency was associated with less stress and burnout, which were associated with missing less work. Greater practice frequency was also associated with improvements in stress, mindfulness, and resilience, which were associated with increased confidence in providing compassionate care. Conclusion. Online training in mind-body therapies is associated with changes in self-reported behavior one year later; increasing doses of training are associated with more frequent practice which is associated with less stress, burnout, and missing work, and higher levels of mindfulness, resilience, and confidence in providing compassionate care. Additional studies are needed to compare mind-body skills training with other interventions designed to improve resilience and compassion while decreasing burnout in health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathi J Kemper
- 1 The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,2 Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Nisha Rao
- 1 The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Gregg Gascon
- 1 The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,3 Ohio State University Health Plan, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - John D Mahan
- 1 The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,2 Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
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O'Connor SS, Shain LM, Whitehill JM, Ebel BE. Measuring a conceptual model of the relationship between compulsive cell phone use, in-vehicle cell phone use, and motor vehicle crash. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2017; 99:372-378. [PMID: 28068624 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2016.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous research suggests that anticipation of incoming phone calls or messages and impulsivity are significantly associated with motor vehicle crash. We took a more explanative approach to investigate a conceptual model regarding the direct and indirect effect of compulsive cell phone use and impulsive personality traits on crash risk. METHODS We recruited a sample of 307 undergraduate college students to complete an online survey that included measures of cell phone use, impulsivity, and history of motor vehicle crash. Using a structural equation model, we examined the direct and indirect relationships between factors of the Cell Phone Overuse Scale-II (CPOS-II), impulsivity, in-vehicle phone use, and severity and frequency of previous motor vehicle crash. Self-reported miles driven per week and year in college were included as covariates in the model. RESULTS Our findings suggest that anticipation of incoming communication has a direct association with greater in-vehicle phone use, but was not directly or indirectly associated with increasing risk of previous motor vehicle crash. Of the three latent factors comprising the CPOS-II, only anticipation was significantly associated with elevated cell phone use while driving. Greater impulsivity and use of in-vehicle cell phone use while driving were directly and significantly associated with greater risk of motor vehicle crash. CONCLUSIONS Anticipation of incoming cellular contacts (calls or texts) is associated with greater in-vehicle phone use, while greater in-vehicle cell phone use and impulsive traits are associated with elevated risk of motor vehicle crashes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen S O'Connor
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville, 408 E. Chestnut Ave, Suite 610, Louisville, KY 40202, United States.
| | - Lindsey M Shain
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Western Kentucky University, 3074 Gary Ransdell Hall, 1906 College Heights Blvd., Bowling Green, KY, 42101, United States
| | - Jennifer M Whitehill
- Department of Health Promotion and Policy, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Arnold House, 715 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Beth E Ebel
- Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Washington, Patricia Bracelin Steel Memorial Building, 401 Broadway, 4th floor, Seattle, WA 98122, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St., Health Sciences Building, Seattle, WA 98195, United States; Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle Children's Hospital, 2001 Eighth Ave., Suite 400, Seattle, WA 98121, United States
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Trub L, Starks TJ. Texting Under the Influence: Emotional Regulation as a Moderator of the Association Between Binge Drinking and Drunk Texting. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2017; 20:3-9. [DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2016.0468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leora Trub
- Department of Psychology, Pace University, New York, New York
| | - Tyrel J. Starks
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College of the City University of New York (CUNY), New York, New York
- Health Psychology and Clinical Science Doctoral Program, Graduate Center, CUNY, New York, New York
- Center for HIV/AIDS Educational Studies and Training (CHEST), New York, New York
- Doctorate in Public Health Program, Graduate Center, CUNY, New York, New York
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Hayashi Y, Miller K, Foreman AM, Wirth O. A behavioral economic analysis of texting while driving: Delay discounting processes. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2016; 97:132-140. [PMID: 27614547 PMCID: PMC5154926 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2016.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to examine an impulsive decision-making process underlying texting while driving from a behavioral economic perspective. A sample of 108 college students completed a novel discounting task that presented participants with a hypothetical scenario in which, after receiving a text message while driving, they rated the likelihood of replying to a text message immediately versus waiting to reply for a specific period of time. Participants also completed a delay discounting task in which they made repeated hypothetical choices between obtaining a larger amount of money available after a delay and an equal or lesser amount of money available immediately. The results show that the duration of the delay is a critical variable that strongly determines whether participants choose to wait to reply to a text message, and that the decrease in the likelihood of waiting as a function of delay is best described by a hyperbolic delay discounting function. The results also show that participants who self-reported higher frequency of texting while driving discounted the opportunity to reply to a text message at greater rates, whereas there was no relation between the rates of discounting of hypothetical monetary rewards and the frequency of texting while driving. The results support the conclusion that texting while driving is fundamentally an impulsive choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Hayashi
- Pennsylvania State University, Hazleton, 76 University Drive, Hazleton, PA 18202, USA.
| | - Kimberly Miller
- Pennsylvania State University, Hazleton, 76 University Drive, Hazleton, PA 18202, USA
| | - Anne M Foreman
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Oliver Wirth
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
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Excelling in multitasking and enjoying the distraction: Predicting intentions to send or read text messages while driving. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2016.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Falsafi N. A Randomized Controlled Trial of Mindfulness Versus Yoga: Effects on Depression and/or Anxiety in College Students. J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc 2016; 22:483-497. [PMID: 27566622 DOI: 10.1177/1078390316663307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression and anxiety disorders are two of the most common mental disorders in the United States. These disorders are prevalent among college students. OBJECTIVE The main objective of this study is to compare the effectiveness of two different types of intervention practices (mindfulness vs. yoga) and a noninterventional control group in mitigating the effects of depression and/or anxiety in college students. METHOD A sample of 90 students (both genders) over age 18 who had a diagnosis of anxiety and/or depression was recruited from 11,500 undergraduate college students in a mid-size university. The study's design included stratified-randomized controlled repeated measures with three groups: a mindfulness intervention group, a yoga-only intervention group, and a noninterventional group. Participants were randomly assigned to the aforementioned three groups. Participants in the intervention groups received an 8-week training either in mindfulness or yoga. Depressive, anxiety, stress symptoms, self-compassion, and mindfulness were measured at baseline, Week 4, Week 8, and Week 12. RESULTS Depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms decreased significantly (p < .01) from baseline to follow-up conditions in both the mindfulness and yoga intervention groups. The changes in mindfulness scores were also significant in both groups. However, the changes in self-compassion scores were significant only in the mindfulness intervention group. No significant changes in the control group were demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS The findings from this study can provide useful information to nurses and other health care providers. This study may have implications for a cost-effective treatment for depression and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Falsafi
- Nasrin Falsafi, PhD, RN, PMHCNS-BC, AHN-BC, University of North Carolina Wilmington, NC, USA
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Rohl A, Eriksson S, Metcalf D. Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Front Windshield Sticker Reminder in Reducing Texting while Driving in Young Adults. Cureus 2016; 8:e691. [PMID: 27555989 PMCID: PMC4980211 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Texting while driving is a dangerous activity that is on the rise in the United States (U.S.). Since 2011 there has been a 17% increase in the number of people injured in a motor vehicle crash involving a distracted driver. Bans on the act of texting and driving have already taken place in 46 states in the U.S., but studies have shown that they are ineffective. An unstudied method of reducing texting while driving is sticker reminders. Sticker reminders have already been proven to be an effective intervention in the realm of driver safety; one study found that a "Buckle-Up" dashboard sticker doubled the use of safety belts by front seat passengers. In this study, 104 medical students aged 21 - 29, from the University of Central Florida (UCF) College of Medicine were randomly divided into two groups, an interventional group receiving a "Drive in the Moment" windshield sticker, and a control group not receiving the sticker. Both groups took a pre- and post-survey that recorded self-reported texting and driving frequency. The results showed that the sticker intervention significantly reduced reported rates of sending texts while driving, reading texts while driving, and using social media while driving (p < 0.05). The results of this study suggest that a novel sticker-intervention could potentially serve as a point of attack when addressing the growing and dangerous texting while driving the epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David Metcalf
- Institute for Simulation & Training, University of Central Florida
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Gupta PB, Burns DJ, Boyd H. Texting While Driving: An Empirical Investigation of Students’ Attitudes and Behaviors. INFORMATION SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10580530.2016.1117884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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He J, Chaparro A, Wu X, Crandall J, Ellis J. Mutual interferences of driving and texting performance. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Andrews S, Ellis DA, Shaw H, Piwek L. Beyond Self-Report: Tools to Compare Estimated and Real-World Smartphone Use. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139004. [PMID: 26509895 PMCID: PMC4625000 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychologists typically rely on self-report data when quantifying mobile phone usage, despite little evidence of its validity. In this paper we explore the accuracy of using self-reported estimates when compared with actual smartphone use. We also include source code to process and visualise these data. We compared 23 participants’ actual smartphone use over a two-week period with self-reported estimates and the Mobile Phone Problem Use Scale. Our results indicate that estimated time spent using a smartphone may be an adequate measure of use, unless a greater resolution of data are required. Estimates concerning the number of times an individual used their phone across a typical day did not correlate with actual smartphone use. Neither estimated duration nor number of uses correlated with the Mobile Phone Problem Use Scale. We conclude that estimated smartphone use should be interpreted with caution in psychological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Andrews
- Division of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - David A. Ellis
- Department of Psychology, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
- School of Psychology, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom
| | - Heather Shaw
- School of Psychology, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom
| | - Lukasz Piwek
- Faculty of Business and Law, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Hayashi Y, Russo CT, Wirth O. Texting while driving as impulsive choice: A behavioral economic analysis. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2015; 83:182-9. [PMID: 26280804 PMCID: PMC4604567 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2015.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The goal of the present study was to examine the utility of a behavioral economic analysis to investigate the role of delay discounting in texting while driving. A sample of 147 college students completed a survey to assess how frequently they send and read text messages while driving. Based on this information, students were assigned to one of two groups: 19 students who frequently text while driving and 19 matched-control students who infrequently text while driving but were similar in gender, age, years of education, and years driving. The groups were compared on the extent to which they discounted, or devalued, delayed hypothetical monetary rewards using a delay-discounting task. In this task, students made repeated choices between $1000 available after a delay (ranging from 1 week to 10 years) and an equal or lesser amount of money available immediately. The results show that the students who frequently text while driving discounted delayed rewards at a greater rate than the matched control students. The study supports the conclusions that texting while driving is fundamentally an impulsive choice made by drivers, and that a behavioral economic approach may be a useful research tool for investigating the decision-making processes underlying risky behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Hayashi
- Pennsylvania State University, Hazleton, 76 University Drive, Hazleton, PA 18202, USA.
| | - Christopher T Russo
- Pennsylvania State University, Hazleton, 76 University Drive, Hazleton, PA 18202, USA
| | - Oliver Wirth
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
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Mindfulness, Physical Activity and Avoidance of Secondhand Smoke: A Study of College Students in Shanghai. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:10106-16. [PMID: 26308029 PMCID: PMC4555332 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120810106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: To better understand the documented link between mindfulness and longevity, we examine the association between mindfulness and conscious avoidance of secondhand smoke (SHS), as well as the association between mindfulness and physical activity. Method: In Shanghai University of Finance and Economics (SUFE) we surveyed a convenience sample of 1516 college freshmen. We measured mindfulness, weekly physical activity, and conscious avoidance of secondhand smoke, along with demographic and behavioral covariates. We used a multilevel logistic regression to test the association between mindfulness and conscious avoidance of secondhand smoke, and used a Tobit regression model to test the association between mindfulness and metabolic equivalent hours per week. In both models the home province of the student respondent was used as the cluster variable, and demographic and behavioral covariates, such as age, gender, smoking history, household registration status (urban vs. rural), the perceived smog frequency in their home towns, and the asthma diagnosis. Results: The logistic regression of consciously avoiding SHS shows that a higher level of mindfulness was associated with an increase in the odds ratio of conscious SHS avoidance (logged odds: 0.22, standard error: 0.07, p < 0.01). The Tobit regression shows that a higher level of mindfulness was associated with more metabolic equivalent hours per week (Tobit coefficient: 4.09, standard error: 1.13, p < 0.001). Discussion: This study is an innovative attempt to study the behavioral issue of secondhand smoke from the perspective of the potential victim, rather than the active smoker. The observed associational patterns here are consistent with previous findings that mindfulness is associated with healthier behaviors in obesity prevention and substance use. Research designs with interventions are needed to test the causal link between mindfulness and these healthy behaviors.
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Hoffner CA, Lee S. Mobile Phone Use, Emotion Regulation, and Well-Being. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2015; 18:411-6. [DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2014.0487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sangmi Lee
- Department of Communication, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
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Struckman-Johnson C, Gaster S, Struckman-Johnson D, Johnson M, May-Shinagle G. Gender differences in psychosocial predictors of texting while driving. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2015; 74:218-28. [PMID: 25463963 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A sample of 158 male and 357 female college students at a midwestern university participated in an on-line study of psychosocial motives for texting while driving. Men and women did not differ in self-reported ratings of how often they texted while driving. However, more women sent texts of less than a sentence while more men sent texts of 1-5 sentences. More women than men said they would quit texting while driving due to police warnings, receiving information about texting dangers, being shown graphic pictures of texting accidents, and being in a car accident. A hierarchical regression for men's data revealed that lower levels of feeling distracted by texting while driving (20% of the variance), higher levels of cell phone dependence (11.5% of the variance), risky behavioral tendencies (6.5% of the variance) and impulsivity (2.3%) of the variance) were significantly associated with more texting while driving (total model variance=42%). A separate regression for women revealed that higher levels of cell phone dependence (10.4% of the variance), risky behavioral tendencies (9.9% of the variance), texting distractibility (6.2%), crash risk estimates (2.2% of the variance) and driving confidence (1.3% of the variance) were significantly associated with more texting while driving (total model variance=31%.) Friendship potential and need for intimacy were not related to men's or women's texting while driving. Implications of the results for gender-specific prevention strategies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samuel Gaster
- University of South Dakota, 414 E. Clark St., Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
| | | | - Melissa Johnson
- University of South Dakota, 414 E. Clark St., Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
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Terry CP, Terry DL. Cell Phone-Related Near Accidents Among Young Drivers: Associations With Mindfulness. THE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2014; 149:665-83. [DOI: 10.1080/00223980.2014.964166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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