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Wachs S, Wettstein A, Bilz L, Espelage DL, Wright MF, Gámez-Guadix M. Individual and Contextual Correlates of Latent Bystander Profiles toward Racist Hate Speech: A Multilevel Person-centered Approach. J Youth Adolesc 2024; 53:1271-1286. [PMID: 38499822 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-024-01968-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Prior research into bystander responses to hate speech has utilized variable-centered analyses - such approaches risk simplifying the complex nature of bystander behaviors. Hence, the present study used a person-centered analysis to investigate latent hate speech bystander profiles. In addition, individual and classroom-level correlates associated with the various profiles were studied. The sample included 3225 students in grades 7-9 (51.7% self-identified as female; 37.2% with immigrant background) from 215 classrooms in Germany and Switzerland. The latent profile analysis revealed that four distinct profiles could be distinguished: Passive Bystanders (34.2%), Defenders (47.3%), Revengers (9.8%), and Contributors (8.6%). Multilevel logistic regression models showed common and distinct correlates. For example, students who believed that certain social groups are superior were more likely to be Revengers and Contributors than Passive Bystanders, students who felt more connected with teachers were more likely to be Defenders, and students who were more open to diversity were less likely to be Contributors than Passive Bystanders. Students were less likely Defenders and more likely Revengers and Contributors than Passive Bystanders in classrooms with high rates of hate speech perpetration. Further, in classrooms with high hate speech intervention, students were more likely to be Defenders and less likely to be Contributors than Passive Bystanders. In classrooms with stronger cohesion, students were more likely to be Defenders and less likely to be Contributors than Passive Bystanders. In conclusion, the findings add to our understanding of bystander profiles concerning racist hate speech and the relevance of individual and classroom-level factors in explaining various profiles of bystander behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Wachs
- Institute of Education, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
| | - Alexander Wettstein
- Institute for Research, Development and Evaluation, Bern University of Teacher Education, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ludwig Bilz
- Department of Health Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Brandenburg, Germany
| | - Dorothy L Espelage
- School of Education, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Michelle F Wright
- Department of Psychology, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, USA
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Ellis K, White S, Dziwisz M, Agarwal P, Moss J. Visual attention patterns during a gaze following task in neurogenetic syndromes associated with unique profiles of autistic traits: Fragile X and Cornelia de Lange syndromes. Cortex 2024; 174:110-124. [PMID: 38502976 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2024.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gaze following difficulties are considered an early marker of autism, thought likely to cumulatively impact the development of social cognition, language and social skills. Subtle differences in gaze following abilities may contribute to the diverse range social and communicative autistic characteristics observed across people with genetic syndromes, such as Cornelia de Lange (CdLS) and fragile X (FXS) syndromes. AIMS To compare profiles of 1) visual attention to the eye region at critical points of the attention direction process, 2) whether children follow the gaze cue to the object, and 3) participant looking time to the target object following the gaze cue between groups and conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Children with CdLS (N = 11) and FXS (N = 8) and autistic (N = 22) and neurotypical (N = 15) children took part in a passive viewing paradigm adapted from Senju and Csibra (2008), in which videos of a central cue (ball/cartoon face/human face) directed attention towards one of two objects. Visual attention patterns were recorded via eye tracking technology. RESULTS Neurotypical children were used as a reference group against which the autistic, CdLS and FXS groups were compared. Although autistic children looked at the eye region for significantly less time, they looked at the target object as frequently and for a similar duration as neurotypical children. Children with FXS looked at the target as frequently as neurotypical children but looked at it for comparatively less time. Both neurotypical children and children with CdLS frequently looked at the eye region, but children with CdLS were less likely to look at the target than neurotypical children. CONCLUSIONS Findings provide preliminary evidence of unique patterns of visual attention and gaze following strategies in children with CdLS, children with FXS and autistic children. These unique gaze following patterns may underpin the distinct profiles of social and communication autistic traits observed between these groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Ellis
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK; Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Sarah White
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Malwina Dziwisz
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Paridhi Agarwal
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Jo Moss
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
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Devlin BL, Ellis A, Zehner TM, Duncan RJ, Elicker J, Purpura DJ, Schmitt SA. Contributions of preschool behavioral self-regulation and social skills to growth in different domains of early math knowledge. J Exp Child Psychol 2024; 241:105867. [PMID: 38341961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2024.105867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
The current study explored the relative contribution of individual differences in children's behavioral self-regulation and social skills (often referred to as learning-related skills) in the fall of preschool to children's rate of growth in different domains of early math knowledge through the spring of kindergarten. Participants were 684 children (Mage = 57.6 months, SD = 3.8, at Time 1 [fall of preschool]; 48% female; 43% Black, 32% White, 13% Latine, 11% multiracial, and 1% Asian). All children were from families with low incomes and lived in the midwestern United States. The math domains of informal numeracy, formal numeracy, and math language were assessed at four time points: fall and spring of preschool and fall and spring of kindergarten. Contrary to expectations, we did not find that either learning-related skill positively predicted rate of growth in math knowledge or observe differential relations by math domain. Rather, the relative contribution of behavioral self-regulation and social skills in the fall of preschool to rate of growth in math knowledge followed similar patterns across all math domains: an early advantage for children with higher initial social skills that stayed consistent over time (i.e., a nonsignificant slope effect) and an early advantage for children with higher initial behavioral self-regulation that diminished over time (i.e., a negative slope effect).
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna L Devlin
- Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA.
| | - Alexa Ellis
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Tracy M Zehner
- Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA; College of Education, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Robert J Duncan
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - James Elicker
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - David J Purpura
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Sara A Schmitt
- Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
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Bleil ME, Roisman GI, Hamilton DT, Magro SW, Appelhans BM, Gregorich SE, Booth-LaForce C, Pianta RC. Which aspects of education are health protective? a life course examination of early education and adulthood cardiometabolic health in the 30-year study of early child care and Youth Development (SECCYD). BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1092. [PMID: 38641792 PMCID: PMC11031877 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18560-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Past research describes robust associations between education and health, yet findings have generally been limited to the examination of education as the number of years of education or educational attainment. Little is known about the specific features or processes underpinning education that are health protective. The objective of the current study was to address this gap by examining specific aspects of early education pertaining to student characteristics and experiences, as well as features of the classroom environment, in predicting cardiometabolic health in adulthood. METHODS Subjects were 1364 participants in the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (SECCYD, 1991-2009) and recent SECCYD 30-year follow-up, the Study of Health in Early and Adult Life (SHINE, 2018-2022). Models examined individual education indicators (student social skills, student-teacher relationship quality, and classroom emotional and instructional quality in the period of elementary school and student academic performance between ages 54 months and 15 years) in relation to a composite of cardiometabolic risk in adulthood (ages 26-31), reflecting central adiposity, blood pressure, insulin resistance, inflammation, and dyslipidemia. Models were adjusted for key explanatory factors including socio-demographics, infant characteristics, parental socioeconomic status (SES), and child health status. Follow-up analyses were performed to test potential mediators of early education effects on adult health, including adult SES (educational attainment, household income) and health behaviors (diet quality, activity level, sleep duration, smoking). RESULTS In adjusted models, results showed greater student social skills, indexed by a mean of annual teacher ratings between kindergarten and 6th grade, predicted lower cardiometabolic risk in adulthood (β=-0.009, p <.05). In follow-up analyses, results showed the protective effect of student social skills on cardiometabolic risk may be mediated by adult income (β=-0.0014, p <.05) and diet quality (β=-0.0031, p <.05). Effects of the other early education indicators were non-significant (ps > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Findings point to the potential significance of early student social competence as a link to long-term health, possibly via the acquisition of resources needed for the maintenance of health, as well as through engagement in health behaviors supporting healthy eating. However, more research is needed to replicate these findings and to elaborate on the role of early student social competence and the pathways explaining its effects on cardiometabolic health in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Bleil
- Department of Child, Family, & Population Health Nursing, University of Washington, 98195, Seattle, WA, Box 357262, USA.
| | - Glenn I Roisman
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Deven T Hamilton
- Center for Studies in Demography & Ecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sophia W Magro
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Bradley M Appelhans
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Steven E Gregorich
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Cathryn Booth-LaForce
- Department of Child, Family, & Population Health Nursing, University of Washington, 98195, Seattle, WA, Box 357262, USA
| | - Robert C Pianta
- School of Education & Human Development, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Mohd Desa SNF, Doss JG, Kadir K, Ch'ng LL, Kok TC, Jelon MA, Yahya MR, Parumo R, Chong SMY, Shim CK. An insight into clinicians' practices in breaking bad news of oral cancer diagnosis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2024:S0901-5027(24)00059-6. [PMID: 38637182 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Communication is an integral component of effective healthcare delivery to patients, and this includes breaking bad news (BBN). However, clinicians in dentistry are rarely exposed to diseases that can negatively and seriously affect an individual's view of their future and pose a mortality risk, except for oral cancer. The aim of this study was to assess clinician practices in BBN of oral cancer diagnosis in Malaysia. An exploratory sequential mixed-methods study design was used. A qualitative study was conducted among 12 clinicians to gather relevant information regarding their practices in BBN of oral cancer diagnosis using a descriptive-interpretive approach. The themes that emerged were preparation for BBN, BBN setting, communication, emotional aspects, and summarizing the session. These themes were used to develop a questionnaire with 34 items. In the quantitative study, this questionnaire was sent to 87 clinicians who had experienced BBN of oral cancer diagnosis in the past 5 years; the response rate was 100%. An arbitrary cut-off score between the third and fourth quartiles was set to distinguish 'good' and 'poor' practice in BBN among the clinicians. The data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 23.0. Overall, at least two-thirds of the clinicians had good practices in BBN of oral cancer diagnosis. The clinicians' designation (oral and maxillofacial surgery consultant/specialist vs dental officer) and BBN experiences were factors associated with their practices in BBN of oral cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N F Mohd Desa
- Department of Community Oral Health and Clinical Prevention, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Periodontology and Community Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - J G Doss
- Department of Community Oral Health and Clinical Prevention, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre (OCRCC), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - K Kadir
- Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre (OCRCC), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - L L Ch'ng
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Hospital Seberang Jaya, Seberang Jaya, Perai, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - T C Kok
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Hospital Queen Elizabeth, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - M A Jelon
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M R Yahya
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Hospital Raja Perempuan Zainab II, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - R Parumo
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Hospital Sultanah Aminah, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - S M Y Chong
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Hospital Tengku Ampuan Rahimah, Klang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - C K Shim
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Hospital Umum Sarawak, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
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Homayounnia Firouzjah M, Majidi Yaeichi N, Hematinia R. The Effectiveness of Sensory-Motor Integration Exercises on Social Skills and Motor Performance in Children with Autism. J Autism Dev Disord 2024:10.1007/s10803-024-06325-2. [PMID: 38565778 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-024-06325-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The current study aims to investigate the effectiveness of sensory-motor integration exercises on social skills and motor performance in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). METHODS This is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design and with a control group. The statistical population of this research included all children with ASD aged 9-11 years old in Babolsar city in 2022, among whom 30 were selected through convenient sampling from the transplant center of Babolsar, and were randomly assigned into two experimental and control groups. Then, the experimental group received the treatment program in 12 sessions. The data collection instrument included Gresham and Elliott's social skills questionnaire (Gresham FM, Elliott SN (1993) Social skills intervention guide: systematic approaches to social skills training. Spec Serv Sch 8(1):137-158) and Ulrich's motor performance test (Ulrich B, Ulrich D (1985) The role of balancing ability in performance of fundamental motor skills in 3-, 4-, and 5-year-old children. Motor Dev: Curr Select Res 1:87-97). Data analysis was conducted using covariance analysis in SPSS21. RESULTS The multivariate covariance analysis test showed that there is a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the variable of social skills and motor performance, respectively (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION According to the research findings, it can be concluded that sensory-motor integration exercises can be used as an appropriate intervention in promoting and improving social skills and motor performance of children with autism spectrum. Results of this study can be helpful for therapists and educators who deal with autistic children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Roholah Hematinia
- Department of Psychology, Rahyan Novin Danesh Institute, Mazandaran, Iran
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Cheng Y, Bololia L. The Effects of Augmented Reality on Social Skills in Children with an Autism Diagnosis: A Preliminary Systematic Review. J Autism Dev Disord 2024; 54:1317-1331. [PMID: 36633722 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05878-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Today, the global prevalence of autism is high and continues to increase dramatically. Effective support and interventions are therefore warranted. Augmented reality (AR), one of the recent modalities of immersive technology, is gaining traction in autism interventions. However, there is currently a lack of reviews on the use of AR in children with autism, and what is more, to the authors' knowledge, no systematic review to date has been carried out to exclusively examine the effects of AR on basic social skills in children with autism. Therefore, an evidence-based systematic review was conducted to fill the gap and answer the specific research question: Can AR support children with an autism diagnosis towards developing or promoting social skills, such as greetings? The initial search yielded a total of 416 records. After excluding duplicate articles and screening the abstract and full text, 13 studies were included for analysis. A narrative approach was employed to synthesise and evaluate the research findings to substantially explore the effects of AR-based social interventions. The favourable role of AR technology in fostering social skills in children diagnosed with autism was widely recognised in the included studies although multiple methodological limitations were identified in relation to the quality of the included studies. Overall, the promising findings may suggest the effectiveness of AR in improving social skills in children with autism. Nonetheless, this field of research still calls for more high-quality studies relying on rigorous methodologies.
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Afsharnejad B, Black MH, Falkmer M, Bölte S, Girdler S. The Methodological Quality and Intervention Fidelity of Randomised Controlled Trials Evaluating Social Skills Group Programs in Autistic Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Autism Dev Disord 2024; 54:1281-1316. [PMID: 36681732 PMCID: PMC10981608 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-023-05893-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A systematic review and meta-analysis were utilised to explore the methodological quality, program fidelity, and efficacy of social skills group programs (SSGPs) aiming to support autistic adolescents in navigating their everyday social worlds. The study evaluated the methodological quality and theoretical fidelity of studies, with a random effect meta-analysis conducted to summarise the overall efficacy of SSGP and its effect on social communication and interaction, behavioural/emotional challenges, adaptive functioning, and autism characteristics. Although findings from the 18 identified studies indicated an adjusted medium overall effect with these programs successfully supporting autistic adolescents' socialisation needs (g = 0. 60, p < 0.001), most studies demonstrated medium to low program fidelity despite their good methodological quality. Given the significant heterogeneity of SSGPs and variations in the design and measurement frameworks of efficacy studies, understanding the generalisability of the findings of this research is unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Afsharnejad
- School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia.
- Curtin Autism Research Group (CARG), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Melissa H Black
- School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
- Curtin Autism Research Group (CARG), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet & Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marita Falkmer
- School of Education and Communication, CHILD, Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Sven Bölte
- School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
- Curtin Autism Research Group (CARG), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet & Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sonya Girdler
- School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
- Curtin Autism Research Group (CARG), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet & Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Allied Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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Frye KE, Anthony CJ, Huggins-Manley AC, Smith-Bonahue TM. Kids these days and kids those days: Investigating perceptions of children's social skills from 1988 to 2007. J Sch Psychol 2024; 103:101278. [PMID: 38432729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsp.2023.101278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Behavior rating scales are frequently used assessment tools designed to measure social skills. Use of norm-referenced assessments such as behavior rating scales requires examiners and test publishers to consider when norms become obsolete and norm-referenced scores can no longer be validly interpreted. A fundamental factor influencing norm obsolescence regards changes in baseline levels of targeted traits within the population. Yet, limited research exists regarding how social skills may change at a population level over time as measured by established assessment tools. Thus, the present study investigates population trends in social skills of K-12 children as rated by parents, teachers, and students by concordantly linking the Social Skills Rating System (SSRS; nparent = 833, nteacher = 1215, nstudent = 4105) and the Social Skills Improvement System-Rating Scales (SSIS-RS; nparent = 2400, nteacher = 750, nstudent = 800) using validity samples collected during the development of the SSIS-RS (nparent = 240, nteacher = 221, nstudent = 224). Analyses evaluated differences between ratings on the standardization data from 1988 and 2007 by informant, sex, grade level, and sex by grade level. After applying linear linking techniques, we conducted a series of statistical comparisons that revealed a general upward trend of ratings for the 2007 sample compared to the 1988 sample, with important differences across sex, grade level, and informant. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of these findings for consideration and assessment of children's social skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Frye
- Department of Educational Psychology, Counseling, and Special Education, College of Education, The Pennsylvania State University, USA.
| | - Christopher J Anthony
- School of Special Education, School Psychology, and Early Childhood Studies, College of Education, University of Florida, USA
| | - A Corinne Huggins-Manley
- School of Human Development and Organizational Studies in Education, College of Education, University of Florida, USA
| | - Tina M Smith-Bonahue
- School of Special Education, School Psychology, and Early Childhood Studies, College of Education, University of Florida, USA
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10
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Collins AS, Carroll KJ, Gerber AH, Keenan EG, Lerner MD. Theory of Mind and Social Informant Discrepancy in Autism. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024:10.1007/s10578-024-01676-4. [PMID: 38502300 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-024-01676-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
When autistic youth are asked to assess their own social skills, they frequently rate themselves more favorably than their parents rate them. The magnitude of this informant discrepancy has been shown to relate to key clinical outcomes such as treatment response. It has been proposed that this discrepancy arises from difficulties with Theory of Mind. Participants were 167 youth 11 to 17 years old; 72% male, and their parents. Youth completed self-report measures of social skills and social cognitive tasks, while their parents completed questionnaires regarding social skills. A repeated-measures ANOVA indicated both non-autistic and autistic youth rated themselves more favorably than their parents rated them across all measures. Zero-order correlations revealed that raw differences between parent- and participant-report were negatively correlated with scores on parent-reported Theory of Mind measures. However, polynomial analysis did not indicate interaction effects between parent- and participant-report on any of the measures used. Polynomial regression revealed that increases in parent-reported social skill predicted larger increases in parent-report Theory of Mind at low levels of parent-reported social skill compared to high levels of parent-reported social skill. Participant-report social skills predicted performance on a behavioral Theory of Mind test in a curvilinear fashion, such that the relationship was positive at low levels of participant-reported social skills, but negative at high levels. This study replicates the finding that raw difference score analyses may result in illusory effects that are not supported when using more contemporary analysis methods, and that more complex and subtle relationships between social insight and perspective-taking exist within autistic youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alister S Collins
- Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA
| | - Kevin J Carroll
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA
| | - Alan H Gerber
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | | | - Matthew D Lerner
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA.
- Social Connection and Treatment Lab, Life Course Outcomes Research Program, AJ Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, 3020 Market Street, #560, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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11
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Feller C, Ilen L, Eliez S, Schneider M. Social skills in neurodevelopmental disorders: a study using role-plays to assess adolescents and young adults with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and autism spectrum disorders. J Neurodev Disord 2024; 16:11. [PMID: 38500028 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-024-09527-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Social skills are frequently impaired in neurodevelopmental disorders and genetic conditions, including 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Although often assessed with questionnaires, direct assessment provides a more valid estimate of the constructs. Role-plays (i.e., simulates situational settings) therefore appear to be an appropriate indicator of social skills in daily life. METHODS This co-registered study involved 53 individuals with 22q11DS, 34 individuals with ASD, and 64 typically developing (TD) peers aged 12-30 years. All participants were assessed with role-plays as well as parent-reported questionnaires and clinical interviews focusing on social skills, functioning and anxiety. RESULTS Both clinical groups showed impaired social skills compared to TD, but distinct social profiles emerged between the groups. Individuals with 22q11DS displayed higher social appropriateness and clarity of speech but weaker general argumentation and negotiation skills, with the opposite pattern observed in participants with ASD. No association was found between social skills measured by direct observation and caregiver reports. Social anxiety, although higher in clinical groups than in TD, was not associated with role-plays. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the need to train social skills through tailored interventions to target the specific difficulties of each clinical population. It also highlights the importance of combining measures as they do not necessarily provide the same outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Feller
- Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Clinical Psychology Unit for Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, 40, Boulevard du Pont-d'Arve, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Laura Ilen
- Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Clinical Psychology Unit for Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, 40, Boulevard du Pont-d'Arve, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Eliez
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Lab Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maude Schneider
- Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Clinical Psychology Unit for Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, 40, Boulevard du Pont-d'Arve, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
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12
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Oh S, Jang JS, Jeon AR, Kim G, Kwon M, Cho B, Lee N. Effectiveness of sensory integration therapy in children, focusing on Korean children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Clin Cases 2024; 12:1260-1271. [PMID: 38524513 PMCID: PMC10955541 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i7.1260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensory integration intervention is highly related to the child's effective interaction with the environment and the child's development. Currently, various sensory integration interventions are being applied, but research methodological problems are arising due to unsystematic protocols. This study aims to present the optimal intervention protocol by presenting scientific standards for sensory integration intervention through meta-analysis. AIM To prove the effectiveness of sensory integration therapy, examine the latest trend of sensory integration studies in Korea, and provide clinical evidence for sensory integration therapies. METHODS The database of Korean search engines, including RISS, KISS, and DBpia, was used to search for related literature published from 2001 to October 2020. The keywords, "Children", "Sensory integration", "Integrated sensory", "Sensory-motor", and "Sensory stimulation" were used in this search. Then, a meta-analysis was conducted on 24 selected studiesRISS, KISS, and DBpia, was used to search for related literature published from 2001 to October 2020. The keywords, "Children", "Sensory integration", "Integrated sensory", "Sensory-motor", and "Sensory stimulation" were used in this search. Then, a meta-analysis was conducted on 24 selected studies. RESULTS Sensory integration intervention has been proven effective in children with cerebral palsy, autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, developmental disorder, and intellectual disability in relation to the diagnosis of children. Regarding sensory integration therapies, 1:1 individual treatment with a therapist or a therapy session lasting for 40 min was most effective. In terms of dependent variables, sensory integration therapy effectively promoted social skills, adaptive behavior, sensory processing, and gross motor and fine motor skills. CONCLUSION The results of this study may be used as therapeutic evidence for sensory integration intervention in the clinical field of occupational therapy for children, and can help to present standards for sensory integration intervention protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seri Oh
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Kangwon National University Graduate School, Samcheok 25949, South Korea
| | - Jong-Sik Jang
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Kangwon National University, Samcheok 25949, South Korea
| | - A-Ra Jeon
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Ju-Ju Children Development Center, Nonsan-si 32985, Chungcheongnam-do, South Korea
| | - Geonwoo Kim
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Kangwon National University Graduate School, Samcheok 25949, South Korea
| | - Mihwa Kwon
- Department of Occupation Therapy, Suwon Women’s University, Gyeonggi-do 16632, South Korea
| | - Bahoe Cho
- Hijam Center for Development of Children, Ochang 28117, South Korea
| | - Narae Lee
- Department of Occupational Therapy, U1 University, Chung-cheong bukdo 25949, South Korea
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13
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Siqueiros-Sanchez M, Rai B, Chowdhury S, Reiss AL, Green T. Syndrome-Specific Neuroanatomical Phenotypes in Girls With Turner and Noonan Syndromes. Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging 2024; 9:146-155. [PMID: 36084900 PMCID: PMC10305746 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2022.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Turner syndrome (TS) and Noonan syndrome (NS) are distinct genetic conditions with highly similar physical and neurodevelopmental phenotypes. TS is caused by X chromosome absence, whereas NS results from genetic mutations activating the Ras-mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Previous neuroimaging studies in individuals with TS and NS have shown neuroanatomical variations relative to typically developing individuals, a standard comparison group when initially examining a clinical group of interest. However, none of these studies included a second clinical comparison group, limiting their ability to identify syndrome-specific neuroanatomical phenotypes. METHODS In this study, we compared the behavioral and brain phenotypes of 37 girls with TS, 26 girls with NS, and 37 typically developing girls, all ages 5 to 12 years, using univariate and multivariate data-driven analyses. RESULTS We found divergent neuroanatomical phenotypes between groups, despite high behavioral similarities. Relative to the typically developing group, TS was associated with smaller whole-brain cortical surface area (p ≤ .0001), whereas NS was associated with smaller whole-brain cortical thickness (p = .013). TS was associated with larger subcortical volumes (left amygdala, p = .002; right hippocampus, p = .002), whereas NS was associated with smaller subcortical volumes (bilateral caudate, p ≤ .003; putamen, p < .001; pallidum, p < .001; right hippocampus, p = .015). Multivariate analyses also showed diverging brain phenotypes in terms of surface area and cortical thickness, with surface area outperforming cortical thickness at group separation. CONCLUSIONS TS and NS have syndrome-specific brain phenotypes, despite their behavioral similarities. Our observations suggest that neuroanatomical phenotypes better reflect the different genetic etiologies of TS and NS and may be superior biomarkers relative to behavioral phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Siqueiros-Sanchez
- Brain Imaging, Development and Genetics Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Division of Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Bhavana Rai
- Brain Imaging, Development and Genetics Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Division of Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Samir Chowdhury
- Division of Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Brain Dynamics Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Allan L Reiss
- Division of Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Department Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Tamar Green
- Brain Imaging, Development and Genetics Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Division of Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
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14
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Lee YA, Park HG, Cheon JE, Rice KG, Kim YH. Mediating role of social skills in the longitudinal relationship between intrapersonal perfectionism and psychological well-being of preadolescents. J Sch Psychol 2024; 102:101257. [PMID: 38143092 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsp.2023.101257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Intrapersonal perfectionism is the dispositional tendency to impose perfectionistic expectations on oneself and is considered a bidimensional construct that consists of standards perfectionism and discrepancy perfectionism. Although scholars established the links between standards perfectionism and psychological adjustment and between discrepancy perfectionism and psychopathology, the mechanisms that explain these associations remain relatively unknown. Thus, a better understanding of these mechanisms, especially in children, is warranted given their high prevalence in this developmental population and potential destructiveness on psychological well-being. The present study examined whether social skills with peers mediated the link between the dimensions of interpersonal perfectionism and psychological outcomes due to the salience of social skills acquisition in middle childhood. The study included 225 students (nfemale = 114; nmale = 111) with ages ranging from 7 to 10 years at Time 1 (T1; Mage = 8.55, SD = 1.15) and from 8 to 11 years at Time 2 (T2; Mage = 9.52, SD = 1.10). Participants provided responses on measures concerning standards perfectionism, discrepancy perfectionism, social skills, and psychological well-being at both time points. Longitudinal structural equation modeling indicated that standards perfectionism was positively associated with increases in social skills over time and psychological well-being, whereas discrepancy perfectionism was linked with decreases in social skills over time followed by psychological maladjustment. The study discusses implications for interventions and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younsil A Lee
- Department of Psychology, Yonsei University, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jeong Eun Cheon
- Department of Psychology, Yonsei University, Republic of Korea
| | - Kenneth G Rice
- Kenneth G. Rice, Department of Counseling and Psychological Services, Georgia State University, USA
| | - Young-Hoon Kim
- Department of Psychology, Yonsei University, Republic of Korea; Young-Hoon Kim, Department of Psychology, Yonsei University, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Abstract
Although children with Williams syndrome (WS) are strongly socially motivated, many have friendship difficulties. The parents of 21 children with WS and 20 of the children themselves participated in a semi-structured interview about the children's friendships. Parents reported that their child had difficulties sustaining friendships and low levels of interaction with peers. Barriers to friendships included difficulties with play and self-regulating behaviour. However, there was within-group variability, with a small number of children reported to have strong friendships. While parents reported friendship challenges, all of the children named at least one friend, and most said that they had never felt excluded by their peers. Future research is needed to determine optimal ways to support children with WS in their friendships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda E Gillooly
- School of Health and Wellbeing, Gartnaval Royal Hospital, University of Glasgow, 1055 Great Western Road, Glasgow, G12 0XH, Scotland, UK
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, 40 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1QE, Scotland, UK
| | - Deborah M Riby
- Department of Psychology, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, England, UK
| | - Kevin Durkin
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, 40 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1QE, Scotland, UK
| | - Sinéad M Rhodes
- Child Life and Health, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Royal Hospital for Children and Young People, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TS, Scotland, UK.
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16
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De Roubaix A, Roeyers H, Van Waelvelde H, Bar-On L. Social responsiveness in children with developmental coordination disorder. Braz J Phys Ther 2024; 28:100591. [PMID: 38394720 PMCID: PMC10899025 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2024.100591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in performing motor tasks. Research suggests social skills are also altered. OBJECTIVE To investigate (1) whether the presence of DCD affects social responsiveness, (2) whether the co-occurrence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) affects social responsiveness in children with DCD, and (3) whether there is an association between motor performance and social responsiveness in children with DCD. METHODS Based on parental reports, children aged 5 to 15.5 years were assigned to one of three groups: DCD only (noASD, n = 67), DCD and suspected ASD (sASD, n = 13), and DCD and confirmed ASD (cASD, n = 22). Parental answers to the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS-2) and the DCD-Questionnaire (DCD-Q) were compared to norm values using one sample t-tests, and between groups using ANOVA and MANOVA. Pearson correlation coefficients explored the relationship between the SRS-2 and DCD-Q in the total group and per group. RESULTS Compared to norm values, difficulties in all areas of social responsiveness were reported in children with DCD, regardless of group (p<0.001). Compared to the noASD group, more unfavorable SRS-2 total T-scores and poorer DCD-Q scores were observed in sASD and cASD groups. Only in the total group, motor performance showed significant weak to moderate associations with the SRS-2 total T-score and all subscales except for 'social motivation' (r=-0.306 to -0.405; p ≤ 0.02). CONCLUSION Social responsiveness difficulties are more common in children with DCD and are more severe in the ASD groups. Motor performance and social responsiveness are weak to moderately associated. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT05092893 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05092893).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy De Roubaix
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Care Sciences, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Herbert Roeyers
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hilde Van Waelvelde
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Care Sciences, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lynn Bar-On
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Care Sciences, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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17
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You XR, Gong XR, Guo MR, Ma BX. Cognitive behavioural therapy to improve social skills in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. J Affect Disord 2024; 344:8-17. [PMID: 37802322 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is effective in treating various neurological and psychiatric diseases. It improves anxiety symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorder, gaining considerable empirical support. However, social skills results are mixed, leading to debate over its effectiveness, highlighting the need for further development. While the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) is a secondary indicator to measure anxiety symptoms, it primarily evaluates social skills, which are essential for rehabilitating children with autism. Therefore, evaluating social disorder improvement in children with autism is imperative. Social impairment is a core autism symptom. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review of randomised controlled trials assessing the effects of CBT on social skills in this population. METHODS We reviewed articles published in several databases through October 2022 and relevant reference lists. We used the standardised mean difference (SMD) as the main effect size indicator and focused on SRS metrics from baseline to endpoint. We analysed subgroups, heterogeneity, bias risk, and publication bias. RESULTS Our meta-analysis included 214 children from seven randomised controlled trials with nine datasets. Forest plot analysis shows CBT improved social skills in children with autism compared to controls. Subgroup analysis revealed parents' and teachers' SRS scores for children, SRS scores of CBT versus waitlist controls, and those of CBT versus non-waiting-list controls. LIMITATIONS Most randomised controlled CBT trials for children with autism have explored anxiety symptom improvement. Further, social skill assessment was a secondary outcome or not assessed. Thus, social skills data are insufficient. CONCLUSIONS CBT is effective in improving social impairment in children with autism. REGISTRATION This meta-analysis was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42022363423).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Rui You
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xing-Ruo Gong
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Mei-Ran Guo
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bing-Xiang Ma
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.
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18
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Kose S, Turer F, Inal Kaleli I, Calik Senturk HN, Ozuysal Uyar DH, Bildik T. The Relationship Between Social Skills and Sensory Profile, Emotion Regulation, and Empathizing/Systemizing in Adolescents on the Autism Spectrum. J Autism Dev Disord 2023:10.1007/s10803-023-06190-5. [PMID: 38127185 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-023-06190-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the relationship between social skills and sensory features, emotion regulation, and empathy in adolescents on the autism spectrum. One hundred and twenty-three adolescents were included in the study (50 autistic, 73 typically developing-TD adolescents). The participants filled out the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile (AASP) and Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Parents of the participants completed the Child Empathy and Systemizing Quotient (EQ-C/SQ-C) and Autism-Social Skills Profile (ASSP) scales. Social reciprocity, social participation/avoidance, ASSP total scores, empathy and systemizing scores were lower, and detrimental social behaviors, low registration sensory profile scores were higher in the autism spectrum group. While a difference between genders was observed in sensory sensitivity, sensation avoiding, low registration quadrants and empathy scores, no gender and group interaction was found in any domain. Social skill total scores were correlated to sensation seeking and low registration sensory features, empathy, systemizing, and reappraisal emotion regulation scores. A hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis was conducted controlling for group and gender, sensation seeking (p = .032, β = 0.138), low registration (p = .012, β = - 0.215) of the AASP, and empathy (p < .001, β = 0.555) and systemizing (p = .033, β = 0.138) scores of the EQ/SQ-C was found to significantly predict social skill total scores. Although emotional regulation strategies may play a role, sensory processing features and empathy and systemizing skills seem to be the more significant contributors to social skills during adolescence. Interventions targeting sensory processing and especially improving empathy and systematization skills may positively affect social skills in adolescents on the autism spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sezen Kose
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Furkan Turer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Corlu State Hospital, Tekirdag, Turkey.
| | - Ipek Inal Kaleli
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Hilal Nur Calik Senturk
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Damla Hazal Ozuysal Uyar
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Tezan Bildik
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
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19
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Rowlands K, Simic M, Treasure J, Cardi V. Emotional reactivity and prosocial behaviour in response to witnessing social exclusion in adolescents with eating disorders and healthy controls. J Eat Disord 2023; 11:224. [PMID: 38098100 PMCID: PMC10722719 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-023-00927-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prosocial behaviour can promote positive social interactions and it is a key skill in adolescence. People with emotional problems or psychiatric disorders, such as people with eating disorders might have impairments in prosocial behaviour, due to broader documented difficulties in underlying processes (e.g., mentalizing). METHODS The aim of this study was to examine prosocial behaviour in adolescents with eating disorders compared to healthy controls, using a computerised behavioural task. Adolescents (N = 123) including patients with eating disorders (n = 61) and healthy adolescents (n = 62) played a four-player computerised Prosocial Cyberball Game with three pre-programmed avatar players. During the task, participants witnessed the exclusion of one of the players, and subsequently had the opportunity to compensate for this by throwing the ball more often to the excluded player. Throughout the game, participants rated the level of negative emotion in themselves and in the excluded player. RESULTS Patients made significantly fewer ball tosses towards the excluded player during the compensation round compared to healthy controls (large effect size). Patients reported a significantly smaller increase in negative emotion after witnessing the exclusion and a significantly smaller decrease in negative emotion following the compensation round (large effect sizes). Patients also estimated a smaller decrease in negative emotion in the excluded player following the compensation round (medium effect size). There were no significant associations between these outcomes and eating disorder psychopathology in patients. CONCLUSIONS Compared to healthy adolescents, adolescent patients with eating disorders demonstrated less prosocial compensatory behaviour towards a computerised victim of social exclusion. In addition, they reported flatter negative emotion in themselves in response to witnessing and compensating for exclusion, and in the excluded player following compensation. If these findings are replicated, interventions to target these difficulties might contribute to improvements in social functioning in this patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Rowlands
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Mima Simic
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Maudsley Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AZ, UK
| | - Janet Treasure
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Valentina Cardi
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.
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20
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Bateman KJ, Wilson SE, Ingvarsson E, Doucette J, Therrien W, Nevill R, Mazurek M. Snack Talk: Effects of a Naturalistic Visual Communication Support on Increasing Conversation Engagement for Adults with Disabilities. Behav Anal Pract 2023; 16:1085-1099. [PMID: 38076735 PMCID: PMC10700260 DOI: 10.1007/s40617-023-00775-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities frequently experience poor life outcomes, with individuals reporting lower levels of social support, relationships, gainful employment, and satisfaction in their quality of life. To ameliorate these outcomes, social skills and social communication interventions aligned with the needs of adults are warranted. This study examined the efficacy of Snack Talk, a supplemental naturalistic visual communication support, with five adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Snack Talk was implemented during the midday mealtime, with the goal of increasing conversation engagement. A withdrawal design across participants was used. Results demonstrated increases in conversation engagement and showed meaningful gains for participants in the intervention and postintervention phase compared to baseline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine J. Bateman
- The Haring Center for Inclusive Education, College of Education, University of Washington, Box 357925, 1981 NE Columbia Road, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | | | | | | | - William Therrien
- Curriculum, Instruction and Special Education; School of Education and Human Development, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
| | - Rose Nevill
- Curriculum, Instruction and Special Education; School of Education and Human Development, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
| | - Micah Mazurek
- Curriculum, Instruction and Special Education; School of Education and Human Development, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
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21
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Beauchamp MLH, Rezzonico S, Bennett T, Duku E, Georgiades S, Kerns C, Mirenda P, Richard A, Smith IM, Szatmari P, Vaillancourt T, Waddell C, Zaidman-Zait A, Zwaigenbaum L, Elsabbagh M. The Influence of Bilingual Language Exposure on the Narrative, Social and Pragmatic Abilities of School-Aged Children on the Autism Spectrum. J Autism Dev Disord 2023; 53:4577-4590. [PMID: 36222993 PMCID: PMC10628039 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05678-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
We examined the narrative abilities of bilingual and monolingual children on the autism spectrum (AS), whether bilinguals presented stronger social and pragmatic language abilities compared to monolinguals, and the link between narrative, social, and pragmatic language abilities.The narrative, social, and pragmatic language skills of school-aged bilinguals (n = 54) and monolinguals (n = 80) on the AS were assessed using normed measures. Language exposure was estimated through a parent questionnaire.Bilinguals performed similarly to monolinguals on measures of narrative, social, and pragmatic language skills. However, balanced bilinguals performed better on a nonliteral language task.Overall, results indicate that bilingual children on the AS can become as proficient in using language as monolinguals and may enjoy a bilingual advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eric Duku
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | | | - Connor Kerns
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Pat Mirenda
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Annie Richard
- Dalhousie University and IWK Health, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Isabel M Smith
- Dalhousie University and IWK Health, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Peter Szatmari
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
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22
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Turner E, Robinson DM, Roaten K. Psychological Issues. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 2023; 34:849-866. [PMID: 37806702 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmr.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Psychological distress is common following a burn injury, and many burn survivors have pre-morbid psychiatric illnesses including mood and trauma-related disorders, and substance and alcohol use. This article is intended to be used by all interdisciplinary health care team members to improve the identification and treatment of common psychological concerns experienced by survivors and is organized to follow the general recovery timeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Turner
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Suite CS6.104B, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Diana M Robinson
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Suite CS6.104B, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Kimberly Roaten
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Suite CS6.104B, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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Jeppu AK, Kumar KA, Sethi A. 'We work together as a group': implications of jigsaw cooperative learning. BMC Med Educ 2023; 23:734. [PMID: 37803418 PMCID: PMC10559587 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04734-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modern clinical practice increasingly relies on collaborative, cooperative and team-based approaches for effective patient care. Recently, Jigsaw cooperative learning has gained attention in medical education. There is a need for studies in Southeast Asian context to establish its effectives in developing various core competencies expected of health professionals such as interpersonal, communication, collaborative, and teamwork skills. This current study explores the impact of using Jigsaw Cooperative Learning on undergraduate medical students. METHOD An explanatory mixed method research design was carried out on first year medical students at a private university in Malaysia. In Phase I, a survey was conducted to explore the effectiveness of jigsaw learning. Descriptive and inferential statistics were calculated using SPSS. In Phase II, a focus group interview was conducted to explore their in-depth experiences. Qualitative data were thematically analysed. RESULTS Fifty-seven students participated in the survey and seven students took part in the focus group interview. Quantitative data analysis showed a statistically significant improvement in the student's individual accountability, promotive interaction, positive interdependence, interpersonal skill, communication skill, teamwork skill, critical thinking and consensus building after jigsaw learning sessions. Qualitative data explained their experiences in-depth. CONCLUSION Jigsaw cooperative learning improves collaboration, communication, cooperation and critical thinking among the undergraduate medical students. Educators should use jigsaw learning methods to encourage effective collaboration and team working. Future studies should explore the effectiveness of the jigsaw cooperative learning technique in promoting interprofessional collaboration in the workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar Jeppu
- International Medical School, Management and Science University, University Drive, Section 13, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Kavitha Ashok Kumar
- International Medical School, Management and Science University, University Drive, Section 13, Shah Alam, Malaysia
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Gunawan J, Aungsuroch Y, Fisher ML, Marzilli C, Nazliansyah, Hastuti E. Refining core competencies of first-line nurse managers in the hospital context: A qualitative study. Int J Nurs Sci 2023; 10:492-502. [PMID: 38020840 PMCID: PMC10667124 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnss.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives As the world moves towards a new normal, challenges continue to emerge while simultaneously inspiring us with new solutions. Strengthening the skills of first-line nurse managers (FLNMs) to fulfill a wide range of complex roles and responsibilities effectively necessitates refining core competency guidelines or standards. This study aimed to explore the perceived core competencies of Indonesian FLNMs within the context of the post-pandemic era. Methods The study employed a qualitative descriptive design. Face-to-face interviews were conducted in a public hospital in Indonesia from January 2022 through August 2022. Seven head nurses with direct experience managing a unit during the COVID-19 pandemic were selected. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and validated by re-listening. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results Four main themes of the core competencies developed, including 1) managerial core competencies, 2) clinical core competencies, 3) technological core competencies, and 4) socio-emotional skills/personal traits consisting of the following: be brave, fast, patient, optimistic, consistent, and responsible. Conclusions The findings demonstrate that the managerial and clinical core competencies of the FLNMs must be aligned, while technological core competencies are the mediating component of both. Personal traits are essential for FLNMs as they undergird the other three core competencies and the success of the FLNMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joko Gunawan
- Faculty of Nursing, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Mary L. Fisher
- Indiana University School of Nursing, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- College of Nursing, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Nazliansyah
- Department of Nursing, Politeknik Kesehatan Kementrian Kesehatan Pangkal Pinang, Bangka Belitung, Indonesia
| | - Ety Hastuti
- dr. H. Marsidi Judono General Hospital, Belitung, Indonesia
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25
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Wichstrøm L, Borgen AE, Steinsbekk S. Parental personality disorder symptoms and children's social skills: a prospective community study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023; 32:1561-1568. [PMID: 35235044 PMCID: PMC10460342 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-022-01965-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Acquiring age-appropriate social skills, arguably a major prerequisite for favorable psychosocial development in children, is targeted in a range of interventions. Hence, identifying factors that limit this acquisition may inform preventative and treatment efforts. Personality disorders are characterized by pervasive and enduring dysfunctional interpersonal functioning, including parenting, and could thus entail risk for offspring in not developing adaptive interpersonal skills. However, no study has tested this possibility. A representative sample drawn from two birth cohorts of Norwegian 4-year-olds (n = 956) and their parents was followed up at ages 6, 8, and 10 years. Parents' personality disorder symptoms were measured dimensionally with the DSM-IV and ICD-10 Personality Questionnaire, and children's social skills were evaluated by the Social Skills Rating System. A difference-in-difference approach was applied to adjust for all unmeasured time-invariant confounders, and parental symptoms of depression and anxiety were entered as covariates. Increased Cluster B symptoms in parents of children aged 4 to 6 years predicted decreased social skill development in offspring (B = -0.97, 95% CI -1.58, -0.37, p = 0.002). On a more granular level, increased symptoms of borderline (B = -0.39, CI -0.65, -0.12, p = 0.004), histrionic (B = -0.55, CI -0.99, -0.11, p = 0.018), and avoidant (B = -0.46, CI-0.79, -0.13, p = 0.006) personality disorders in parents predicted decreased social skill development in offspring. Subclinical levels of borderline, histrionic and avoidant personality disorders in parents may impair the development of social skills in offspring. Successfully treating these personality problems or considering them when providing services to children may facilitate children's acquisition of social skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Wichstrøm
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Anna Emilie Borgen
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Silje Steinsbekk
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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26
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Gates JA, McNair ML, Richards JK, Lerner MD. Social Knowledge & Performance in Autism: A Critical Review & Recommendations. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2023; 26:665-689. [PMID: 37544969 PMCID: PMC10613329 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-023-00449-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Autistic social challenges have long been assumed to arise from a lack of social knowledge ("not knowing what to do"), which has undergirded theory and practice in assessment, treatment, and education. However, emerging evidence suggests these differences may be better accounted for by difficulties with social performance ("doing what they may know"). This distinction has important implications for research, practice, policy, and community support of autistic people. This review examines the theoretical and clinical implications and empirical status of the knowledge-performance distinction in autism. Current evidence suggests that social knowledge deficits are neither definitional nor reliably related to outcomes in autism. Prioritizing social knowledge, then, may produce unanticipated, problematic consequences in terms of accuracy of assessment, intervention effectiveness, and promotion of stigma. It may also yield unrealistic expectations around the value of knowledge for autistic people and their families, yielding important ethical considerations. Conversely, recent evidence highlights performance-related factors as being especially promising for better modeling and addressing social challenges in autism. Prioritizing performance, then, may offer new directions for assessment, substantially different intervention opportunities, and novel methods of inclusion and affirmation. This review touches upon each of these domains and implications, integrates these developments with broader models of social competence in youth, and provides direction for future research and practice regarding social competence in autism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Matthew D Lerner
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA.
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-2500, USA.
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Lundin NB, Cowan HR, Singh DK, Moe AM. Lower cohesion and altered first-person pronoun usage in the spoken life narratives of individuals with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2023; 259:140-149. [PMID: 37127466 PMCID: PMC10524354 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Usage of computational tools to quantify language disturbances among individuals with psychosis is increasing, improving measurement efficiency and access to fine-grained constructs. However, few studies apply automated linguistic analysis to life narratives in this population. Such research could facilitate the measurement of psychosis-relevant constructs such as sense of agency, capacity to organize one's personal history, narrative richness, and perceptions of the roles that others play in one's life. Furthermore, research is needed to understand how narrative linguistic features relate to cognitive and social functioning. In the present study, individuals with schizophrenia (n = 32) and individuals without a psychotic disorder (n = 15) produced personal life narratives within the Indiana Psychiatric Illness Interview. Narratives were analyzed using the Coh-Metrix computational tool. Linguistic variables analyzed were indices of connections within causal and goal-driven speech (deep cohesion), unique word usage (lexical diversity), and pronoun usage. Individuals with schizophrenia compared to control participants produced narratives that were lower in deep cohesion, contained more first-person singular pronouns, and contained fewer first-person plural pronouns. Narratives did not significantly differ between groups in lexical diversity, third-person pronoun usage, or total word count. Cognitive-linguistic relationships emerged in the full sample, including significant correlations between greater working memory capacity and greater deep cohesion and lexical diversity. In the schizophrenia group, social problem-solving abilities did not correlate with linguistic variables but were associated with cognition. Findings highlight the relevance of psychotherapies which aim to promote recovery among individuals with psychosis through the construction of coherent life narratives and increasing agency and social connectedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy B Lundin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, 1670 Upham Drive, Suite 460, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Henry R Cowan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, 1670 Upham Drive, Suite 460, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Divnoor K Singh
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, 1585 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Aubrey M Moe
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, 1670 Upham Drive, Suite 460, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, 1835 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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28
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Adams D, Ambrose K, Simpson K, Malone S, Dargue N. The relationshipbetween anxiety and social outcomes in autistic children and adolescents: A meta-analysis. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2023; 26:706-720. [PMID: 37606793 PMCID: PMC10465686 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-023-00450-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety is one of the most frequently reported co-occurring conditions for autistic children and adolescents. The relationship between anxiety and social outcomes in autistic youth has been the focus of a range of studies, with mixed results. This meta-analysis aimed to identify the strength of the association between anxiety and a frequently researched social outcome (social competence) in autistic young people and whether that association is influenced by individual or research design factors. A previous preregistered systematic review was updated with a search of the same three databases (CINAHL, ERIC, and PsycINFO) as the original review. Through this, 20 studies with sufficient data on a neurotypically-defined measure of social competence and anxiety were identified. Results were synthesised using a mixed effects model. The meta-analysis on 2,321 participants (from 22 samples) highlighted wide heterogeneity in results. The findings show that anxiety has a significant, small negative impact on social competence (d = - 0.48; 95% CI = - 0.71, - 0.26), meaning that as scores on measures of anxiety increase, scores on measures of social competence decrease. This relationship between anxiety and social competence was moderated by age, becoming weaker as age increased. Whilst this is an important finding for supporting mental health and well-being of autistic young people, the large amount of variance left unexplained suggests that multiple factors, including the use of measures designed for neurotypical people and the potential impact of camouflaging on such measures, need to be considered in future designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn Adams
- Autism Centre of Excellence, Griffith University, Messines Ridge Road, Mt Gravatt, QLD 4122, Brisbane, Australia.
- Griffith Institute for Educational Research, Griffith University, Messines Ridge Road, Mt Gravatt, QLD 4122, Brisbane, Australia.
- Autism CRC, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Kathryn Ambrose
- Autism Centre of Excellence, Griffith University, Messines Ridge Road, Mt Gravatt, QLD 4122, Brisbane, Australia
- Griffith Institute for Educational Research, Griffith University, Messines Ridge Road, Mt Gravatt, QLD 4122, Brisbane, Australia
- Autism CRC, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kate Simpson
- Autism Centre of Excellence, Griffith University, Messines Ridge Road, Mt Gravatt, QLD 4122, Brisbane, Australia
- Griffith Institute for Educational Research, Griffith University, Messines Ridge Road, Mt Gravatt, QLD 4122, Brisbane, Australia
- Autism CRC, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Stephanie Malone
- Autism Centre of Excellence, Griffith University, Messines Ridge Road, Mt Gravatt, QLD 4122, Brisbane, Australia
- Griffith Institute for Educational Research, Griffith University, Messines Ridge Road, Mt Gravatt, QLD 4122, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nicole Dargue
- Autism Centre of Excellence, Griffith University, Messines Ridge Road, Mt Gravatt, QLD 4122, Brisbane, Australia
- Griffith Institute for Educational Research, Griffith University, Messines Ridge Road, Mt Gravatt, QLD 4122, Brisbane, Australia
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Arnardóttir ÁÁ, Guðmundsdóttir LÁ, Hannesdóttir DK, Halldórsson F, Auðardóttir H, Sveinbjörnsdóttir B. A Pilot Study on the FEST program - Friendship and Emotional Skills Training for Children on the Autism Spectrum. J Autism Dev Disord 2023:10.1007/s10803-023-06099-z. [PMID: 37642875 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-023-06099-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Social skills difficulties among children on the autism spectrum can impede social, emotional, and academic development, especially with increasing age and social demands. This pilot study examined the efficacy of a 5-week skill-building program for children on the autism spectrum. Although effective social skills programs are available for adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), very few programs are explicitly intended for 10-12-year-old children. METHODS This pilot study examined the efficacy of the 9-session Friendship and Emotional Skills Training (FEST Program) for children with ASD without intellectual disability. Participants were 22 children randomly assigned to the FEST Program or a delayed intervention control group. Eleven children (boys = 8; girls = 3) received the FEST Program in two separate groups, and 11 were wait-listed for a delayed intervention. Parents, teachers, and the children answered questionnaires at baseline, post-intervention, and a 3-month follow-up. RESULTS Upon completing the FEST Program (post-intervention), parents reported an increase in overall social skills (on the Social Skills Rating System - SSRS) and a reduction on the Autistic Mannerisms factor (on the Social Responsiveness Scale - SRS) compared to the control group. These changes were also maintained at the 3-month follow-up. The children's assessment also showed a significant increase in assertion (on the SSRS) post-intervention. Teachers also reported a significant reduction on the Autistic Mannerisms factor at the 3-month follow-up. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that the FEST Program shows some promising results as one possibility for supporting children with ASD and their families in everyday life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágústa Á Arnardóttir
- The National Agency for Children and Families (Barna- og fjölskyldustofa), Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - Laufey Á Guðmundsdóttir
- Children´s Mental Health Center for the Primary Health Care of the Capital Area (Gedheilsumistod barna Heilsugaeslu hofudborgarsvaedisins), Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Psychology, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Dagmar Kr Hannesdóttir
- Children´s Mental Health Center for the Primary Health Care of the Capital Area (Gedheilsumistod barna Heilsugaeslu hofudborgarsvaedisins), Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Psychology, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Freyr Halldórsson
- Department of Business Administration, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Helga Auðardóttir
- SOL clinic - Psychological and medical services for families, Kopavogur, Iceland
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Wilkinson E, Rinaldi ML, Christodulu KV. Predicting Self-Esteem and Depressive Symptoms from Social Skills Among Youth Referred for an Autism Evaluation. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023:10.1007/s10578-023-01581-2. [PMID: 37608236 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-023-01581-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Social skills are associated with depression and self-esteem in autistic youth. Minimal comparisons between youth and parent-reported social skills to clinically relevant samples limit existing studies. This study compared the relationships between parent and youth-reported social skills, self-esteem, and depressive symptoms between autistic youth and youth referred for but not given an autism diagnosis. Regression analyses of cross-sectional data revealed that youth-reported social skills statistically predicted self-esteem, parent-reported social skills statistically predicted depressive symptoms, and self-esteem statistically predicted depressive symptoms. All relationships were weaker in the autistic group, except parent-reported social skills and depressive symptoms, which was stronger. Results indicate that poor social skills are associated with mental health outcomes among youth referred for autism diagnosis, but that autism-related factors may influence these relationships. Implications for future research and clinical practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Wilkinson
- Center for Autism and Related Disabilities, University at Albany State University of New York, 1535 Western Avenue, Albany, NY, 12203, USA.
| | - Melissa L Rinaldi
- Center for Autism and Related Disabilities, University at Albany State University of New York, 1535 Western Avenue, Albany, NY, 12203, USA
| | - Kristin V Christodulu
- Center for Autism and Related Disabilities, University at Albany State University of New York, 1535 Western Avenue, Albany, NY, 12203, USA
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de Oliveira Major S, Cristina Palos A, Silva O. Attending (or not) after-school programs during the COVID-19 pandemic: What happens to children's social skills and behavior problems? Child Youth Serv Rev 2023; 149:106929. [PMID: 36999137 PMCID: PMC10028351 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2023.106929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The demand for After-School Programs (ASP) has increased in the last decades, mainly related to the reduced availability of the family to take care of children in the after-school period. This study aimed to compare two groups of children who attend (ASP group) or not ASP (comparison group), from the first and second grade, regarding their social skills and behavior problems. Teachers assessed 120 children (half by group) across three times (one before and two during the COVID-19 pandemic). A pattern of ASP attendance was determined, in order to understand whether ASP attendance influences social skills and behavior problems. The results indicated that children who attended ASP showed higher levels of self-control and assertion skills. Higher levels of hyperactivity were reported by teachers for both groups when children came back to school after the first COVID-19 lockdown. Parents enrolled their children in ASP mostly for safety; and ASP attendance had a positive effect on social skills and negative on behavior problems. The implications of attending ASP associated to a more positive child development are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia de Oliveira Major
- Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
- CINEICC, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Cristina Palos
- Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, CICS.UAc/CICS.NOVA.UAc, University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Osvaldo Silva
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, CICS.UAc/CICS.NOV, University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
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Kusmiati M, Prawiradilaga RS, Tursina A. The most influence factor of the medical competence achievement regarding patient management ability on medical school graduates. Korean J Med Educ 2023; 35:143-152. [PMID: 37291843 DOI: 10.3946/kjme.2023.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE A doctor's professional behavior and clinical competency reflect a range of personal and interpersonal qualities, attributes, commitments, and values. This study aimed to identify the most influential factor of medical competence regarding patient management ability. METHODS We used an analytic observational design with a cross-sectional approach, and gathered the perceptions of medical school graduates of Bandung Islamic University via an online questionnaire scored on a Likert scale. Two hundred and six medical graduates who graduated at least 3 years prior to survey were included in the study. The factors evaluated included humanism, cognitive competence, clinical skill competence, professional behavior, patient management ability, and interpersonal skill. IBM AMOS ver. 26.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, USA) was used for structural equation modelling of the six variables latent and 35 indicator variables. RESULTS We found that graduates have highly positive perceptions of the humanism (95.67%). Followed by interpersonal skills (91.26%), patient management (89.53%), professional behavior (88.47%), and cognitive competence (87.12%). They rated clinical skill competence the lowest (81.7%). Regarding factors that contribute to patient management ability, the aspects of humanism, interpersonal skill, and professional behavior were found to significantly affect patient management ability (p-value=0.035, 0.00, and 0.00, respectively) with a critical rate of 2.11, 4.31, and 4.26 consecutively. CONCLUSION Humanism and interpersonal skill are two important factors that medical graduates assessed very positively. According to surveyed medical graduates, their expectations of the institution were met regarding humanism. However, there is a need to strengthen medical students' clinical skills and improve their cognitive abilities through educational programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Kusmiati
- Department of Medical Education, Bioethics and Humanity, Bandung Islamic University, Bandung, Indonesia
| | | | - Alya Tursina
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Bandung Islamic University, Bandung, Indonesia
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Erdogan O. The mediator's role of communication skills in the effect of social skills on digital game addiction. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2023; 237:103948. [PMID: 37267879 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.103948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of communication skills, which has a decisive role in people's healthy interaction with others, between social skills that enable the construction of social networks and digital game addiction. The study was conducted as a relational survey quantitative research model. A total of 474 university students, 232 of whom were female and 242 were male, comprised the participants of the study. The Social Skills Scale, the Communication Skills Scale, and the Digital Game Addiction Scales were used in this research. The data were analyzed using the AMOS-23 program. Results of the analysis showed that social and communication skills were strongly negatively related to digital game addiction, while communication skills were a solid mediator between social skills and digital game addiction. When the results are evaluated holistically, it is thought that digital games are an important escape area for individuals with low social and communication skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Erdogan
- Department of Psychology, Kastamonu University, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Turkey.
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Madigand J, Rio M, Vandevelde A. Equine assisted services impact on social skills in autism spectrum disorder: A meta-analysis. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 125:110765. [PMID: 37031948 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Many studies focus on the impact of equine assisted services (EAS) on social skills in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) but existing data are not consensual and the only available meta-analysis included only three studies and did not consider the social responsiveness scale (SRS). This meta-analysis aims to measure the impact of EAS on social skills in ASD. Using Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library, the means and standard deviations of every available SRS post-intervention scores in each participant group were collected from the five selected randomised controlled trials with 240 participants. An EAS significant beneficial impact was found for the total SRS score, social communication and social cognition. A tendency to a significant impact was found for social awareness and social motivation. No significant difference was shown for autistic mannerisms. This meta-analysis shows a significant beneficial impact of EAS for several social skills in ASD. Further randomised controlled trials are required to complement these results and expand the knowledge on the field of possibilities of this care in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Madigand
- Psychiatry Department, Fondation du Bon Sauveur de la Manche, Saint-Lô F-50000, France.
| | - Marine Rio
- SAMSAH TSA, LADAPT Manche, Saint-Lô F-50000, France
| | - Anaïs Vandevelde
- Psychiatry Department, CHU de Tours, Tours F-37000, France; UNICAEN, Inserm UMR-S 1237, GIP Cyceron, Caen F-14000, France
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35
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Blume J, Dhanasekara CS, Kahathuduwa CN, Mastergeorge AM. Central Executive and Default Mode Networks: An Appraisal of Executive Function and Social Skill Brain-Behavior Correlates in Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 2023:10.1007/s10803-023-05961-4. [PMID: 36988766 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-023-05961-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Atypical connectivity patterns have been observed for individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), particularly across the triple-network model. The current study investigated brain-behavior relationships in the context of social skills and executive function profiles for ASD youth. We calculated connectivity measures from diffusion tensor imaging using Bayesian estimation and probabilistic tractography. We replicated prior structural equation modeling of behavioral measures with total default mode network (DMN) connectivity to include comparisons with central executive network (CEN) connectivity and CEN-DMN connectivity. Increased within-CEN connectivity was related to metacognitive strengths. Our findings indicate behavior regulation difficulties in youth with ASD may be attributable to impaired connectivity between the CEN and DMN and social skill difficulties may be exacerbated by impaired within-DMN connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Blume
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, Texas Tech University, P.O. Box 41230, Lubbock, TX, 79409-1230, USA.
| | | | - Chanaka N Kahathuduwa
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, USA
| | - Ann M Mastergeorge
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, Texas Tech University, P.O. Box 41230, Lubbock, TX, 79409-1230, USA
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Veddum L, Gregersen M, Andreassen AK, Knudsen CB, Brandt JM, Krantz MF, Søndergaard A, Burton BK, Jepsen JRM, Hemager N, Thorup AAE, Nordentoft M, Mors O, Bliksted V, Greve AN. Social responsiveness in families with parental schizophrenia or bipolar disorder-The Danish High Risk and Resilience Study. Psychiatry Res 2023; 323:115140. [PMID: 36898170 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are highly heritable severe mental disorders associated with social impairments. Moreover, partners to individuals with one of these disorders display poorer functioning and more psychopathology, but their social skills and the transgenerational transmission remains uninvestigated. Therefore, we aimed to examine social responsiveness in families with parental schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. The cohort consists of 11-year-old children with at least one parent with schizophrenia (n = 179) or bipolar disorder (n = 105) and population-based controls (PBC, n = 181). Children and parents were assessed with The Social Responsiveness Scale, Second Edition. Duration of time each parent and child have lived together was ascertained through interviews. Parents with schizophrenia and parents with bipolar disorder exhibited poorer social responsiveness compared with PBC parents. Parents with schizophrenia displayed poorer social responsiveness compared with parents with bipolar disorder. Schizophrenia co-parents exhibited poorer social responsiveness compared with bipolar co-parents and PBC co-parents. We found significant positive associations between parents' and children's social responsiveness, with no interaction effect of duration of time living together. Considering that social impairments are suggested as a vulnerability marker, this knowledge calls for increased attention towards vulnerable families, particularly those where both parents have social impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte Veddum
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; The Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby - Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark; iPSYCH -The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Asrhus, Denmark.
| | - Maja Gregersen
- iPSYCH -The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Asrhus, Denmark; CORE - Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health, Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Anna Krogh Andreassen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; The Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby - Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark; iPSYCH -The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Asrhus, Denmark
| | - Christina Bruun Knudsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; The Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby - Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark; iPSYCH -The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Asrhus, Denmark
| | - Julie Marie Brandt
- iPSYCH -The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Asrhus, Denmark; CORE - Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health, Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Falkenberg Krantz
- iPSYCH -The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Asrhus, Denmark; CORE - Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health, Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark; Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Søndergaard
- iPSYCH -The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Asrhus, Denmark; CORE - Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health, Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Klee Burton
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Psychiatry Region Zealand, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jens Richardt Møllegaard Jepsen
- iPSYCH -The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Asrhus, Denmark; CORE - Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health, Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark; Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Nicoline Hemager
- iPSYCH -The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Asrhus, Denmark; CORE - Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health, Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark; Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Amalie Elgaard Thorup
- iPSYCH -The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Asrhus, Denmark; Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- iPSYCH -The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Asrhus, Denmark; CORE - Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health, Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole Mors
- The Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby - Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark; iPSYCH -The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Asrhus, Denmark
| | - Vibeke Bliksted
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; The Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby - Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark; iPSYCH -The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Asrhus, Denmark
| | - Aja Neergaard Greve
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; The Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby - Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark; iPSYCH -The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Asrhus, Denmark
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Veytsman E, Baker E, Martin AM, Choy T, Blacher J, Stavropoulos K. Perceived and Observed Treatment Gains Following PEERS: A Preliminary Study with Latinx Adolescents with ASD. J Autism Dev Disord 2023; 53:1175-1188. [PMID: 35157167 PMCID: PMC8852879 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05463-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Program for the Education and Enrichment of Relational Skills (PEERS) social skills intervention has demonstrated effectiveness for adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, studies have been limited by a lack of objective outcome measures and an underrepresentation of Latinx families. This pilot study extends the PEERS literature by utilizing an observational measure of conversational skills (Contextual Assessment of Social Skills; CASS) with a diverse sample of 13 adolescents with ASD (with parent groups conducted in English and Spanish simultaneously) and a control group of 11 neurotypical adolescents. Consistent with previous research, adolescents with ASD and their parents perceived improvements in social functioning following intervention, which were maintained four months later and corroborated by improvements in conversational skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Veytsman
- Graduate School of Education, University of California, 1207 Sproul Hall, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Baker
- Graduate School of Education, University of California, 1207 Sproul Hall, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Ann Marie Martin
- Graduate School of Education, University of California, 1207 Sproul Hall, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Tricia Choy
- Graduate School of Education, University of California, 1207 Sproul Hall, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Jan Blacher
- Graduate School of Education, University of California, 1207 Sproul Hall, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Katherine Stavropoulos
- Graduate School of Education, University of California, 1207 Sproul Hall, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
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Mehrdadfar M, Ghasemzadeh S, Ghobari-Bonab B, Hasanzadeh S, Vakili S. Effectiveness of unified protocols for online transdiagnostic treatment on social-emotional skills and parent-child interaction in school-aged children with cochlear implants. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2023; 167:111490. [PMID: 36905800 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2023.111490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Children with cochlear implants have limitations in emotional and cognitive social maturity which impact on their future emotional, social, and cognitive development. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a unified protocol for online transdiagnostic treatment program on social-emotional skills (self-regulation, social competence, responsibility, sympathy) and parent-child interaction (conflict, dependence, closeness) in children with cochlear implant. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study was a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test-post-test and follow-up. Mothers of 18 children with cochlear implant aged from 8 to 11 years were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. 10 weeks of semi-weekly sessions for a total of 20 sessions around 90 min for children and 30 min for their parents were selected. Social-emotional assets, resilience scale (SEARS) and children parent relationship scale (CPRS) were selected to evaluate social-emotional skills and parent-child interaction respectively. We used Cronbach alpha, Chi-square test, independent sample t-test, and univariate ANOVA for statistical analyses. RESULTS Behavioral tests had relatively high internal reliability. Means scores in self-regulation was statistically different in pre-test and post-test conditions (p-value = 0.005) and pre-test and follow-up conditions (p-value = 0.024). Total means scores were showed a significant difference in pretest and post-test (p-value = 0.007) not in follow-up (p > 0.05). The interventional program could improve the parent-child relationship only in conflict and dependence (p < 0.05), and it was constant with time (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated an effect of online transdiagnostic treatment program on social-emotional skills of children with cochlear implants, especially in self-regulation and total score which were stable after three months in self-regulation. Moreover, this program could impact on the parent-child interaction only in conflict and dependence which was stable with time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Mehrdadfar
- Department of Psychology and Education of Exceptional Children, Faculty of Literature, Humanities and Social Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sogand Ghasemzadeh
- Department of Psychology and Education of Exceptional Children, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Bagher Ghobari-Bonab
- Department of Psychology and Education of Exceptional Children, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Hasanzadeh
- Department of Psychology and Education of Exceptional Children, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Vakili
- Department of Psychology and Education of Exceptional Children, Faculty of Literature, Humanities and Social Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Wang YH, Wang XF, Shi LD, Xu XM, Wei LN, Li SS, Li XP, Ma XL, Li ZM, Wei XZ, Wang Q, Wang KQ. A retrospective case-control study of facial emotion recognition in male veterans with chronic schizophrenia and its correlation with interpersonal communication. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:47. [PMID: 36653828 PMCID: PMC9847099 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04498-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand the facial emotion recognition of male veterans with chronic schizophrenia and the relationship between facial emotion recognition and interpersonal communication to provide a reference for designing social skills training programmes. METHOD Fifty-six eligible male patients with chronic schizophrenia who were admitted to our hospital from October 2020 to April 2021 were selected, and 24 healthy people were selected as controls. Facial emotion recognition, social communication skills and self-perceived interpersonal disturbance were assessed using a facial emotion recognition stimulus manual, the Social Skills Checklist (SSC) and the Interpersonal Relationship Integrative Diagnostic Scale (IRIDS). Disease status was assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. RESULTS Both the control group and the patient group had the highest recognition accuracy for neutral faces. The recognition rate for neutral expression was higher in the control group than in the patient group (p = 0.008). The rate of neutral expressions identified as happiness was higher in the patient group than in the control group (p = 0.001). The identification of anger as happiness was higher in the control group than in the patient group (p = 0.026), and the pattern of misidentification was similar between the control group and the patient group. The accuracy of facial emotion recognition was negatively associated with the age of onset (p < 0.05). The recognition accuracy for happiness was negatively associated with negative symptoms, general pathological symptoms and total scale scores (p < 0.05). The total score for expression recognition was negatively associated with the negative symptom subscale scores (p < 0.05), and there was no correlation between expression recognition and positive symptoms (p > 0.05). The recognition accuracy for happiness was negatively correlated with the IRIDS conversation factor (p < 0.05). The recognition accuracy for happiness and anger and the total scores for facial emotion recognition were negatively correlated with the SSC subscale score and the total score (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). The main influencing factors on facial emotion recognition were the SSC total score (p < 0.001) and the positive factor score (p = 0.039). CONCLUSION Veterans with chronic schizophrenia have facial emotion recognition impairments affected by negative symptoms. There is a correlation between facial emotion recognition and interpersonal communication. HIGHLIGHTS 1. There are extensive facial expression recognition disorders in schizophrenia. 2. The pattern of misidentification was similar in both the control group and the patient group, with the tendency for happiness to be identified as a neutral emotion, anger as happiness, and fear as neutral emotion and anger. 3. Based on the comprehensive assessment of social cognitive impairment in patients with schizophrenia, prospective studies of standardised interventions are designed to provide support for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hong Wang
- Department of Psychiatric rehabilitation, Hebei Province Veterans Hospital, No. 2396 Lianchi South Street, Baoding City, Baoding, 071000 China
| | - Xin-Fu Wang
- Department of Psychiatric rehabilitation, Hebei Province Veterans Hospital, No. 2396 Lianchi South Street, Baoding City, Baoding, 071000, China.
| | - Li-Da Shi
- Department of Psychiatric rehabilitation, Hebei Province Veterans Hospital, No. 2396 Lianchi South Street, Baoding City, Baoding, 071000 China
| | - Xiao-Mei Xu
- Department of Psychiatric rehabilitation, Hebei Province Veterans Hospital, No. 2396 Lianchi South Street, Baoding City, Baoding, 071000 China
| | - Li-Ning Wei
- Department of Psychiatric rehabilitation, Hebei Province Veterans Hospital, No. 2396 Lianchi South Street, Baoding City, Baoding, 071000 China
| | - Shan-Shan Li
- Department of Psychiatric rehabilitation, Hebei Province Veterans Hospital, No. 2396 Lianchi South Street, Baoding City, Baoding, 071000 China
| | - Xi-Po Li
- Department of Psychiatric rehabilitation, Hebei Province Veterans Hospital, No. 2396 Lianchi South Street, Baoding City, Baoding, 071000 China
| | - Xin-Li Ma
- Department of Psychiatric rehabilitation, Hebei Province Veterans Hospital, No. 2396 Lianchi South Street, Baoding City, Baoding, 071000 China
| | - Zhan-Min Li
- Department of Psychiatric rehabilitation, Hebei Province Veterans Hospital, No. 2396 Lianchi South Street, Baoding City, Baoding, 071000 China
| | - Xin-Zhen Wei
- Department of Psychiatric rehabilitation, Hebei Province Veterans Hospital, No. 2396 Lianchi South Street, Baoding City, Baoding, 071000 China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Psychiatric rehabilitation, Hebei Province Veterans Hospital, No. 2396 Lianchi South Street, Baoding City, Baoding, 071000 China
| | - Ke-Qiang Wang
- Department of Psychiatric rehabilitation, Hebei Province Veterans Hospital, No. 2396 Lianchi South Street, Baoding City, Baoding, 071000, China.
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Yadav AK, Ahsan A, Kumar V. Impact of Hearing Aid Usage on Emotional and Social Skills in Persons With Severe to Profound Hearing Loss. J Audiol Otol 2023; 27:10-15. [PMID: 36710415 PMCID: PMC9884987 DOI: 10.7874/jao.2022.00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Severe to profound hearing loss impacts the capacity for verbal communication as well as the social, emotional, and overall quality of life; however, the association between socio-emotional rehabilitation and post-hearing aid use is not widely explored. This study aimed to investigate the socio-emotional change in post-hearing aid fitted individuals with severe to profound hearing loss. Materials and. METHODS A total of 60 individuals comprised of 15 females and 45 males with severe to profound hearing loss within the age range of 40-60 years (mean age and standard deviation of 53.4±6.1), participated in this study. Participants were divided into two categories with a 10-year age interval i.e., 40-50 and 51-60 years. These participants were equally divided into hearing aid user (HAU) and non-hearing aid user (NHAU) groups. The hearing handicapped inventory for the adults-short version (HHIA-S) adapted from Weinstein & Ventry (1983) was used in this study. RESULTS The mean social score of all the participants was significantly higher than the mean emotional score. However, no such advantage was observed between the HAU and NHAU groups. The mean social score of females in the HAU category was significantly higher than males. The mean social and emotional scores were also compared across two age categories in the age range of 40-50 and 51-60 years and revealed no significant difference between mean social and emotional score across the age categories (p=0.026). CONCLUSIONS In individuals with severe to profound hearing loss, social rehabilitation occurs quicker than emotional. In the HAU group, socialization occurred faster in females than males. These findings suggest that a customized counselling should be developed for the social and emotional wellbeing as these two parameters improve distinctly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar Yadav
- Amity Institute of Behavioral and Allied Sciences (AIBAS), Amity University Jaipur, Rajasthan, India,Department of Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology, Amity University Haryana, Gurgaon, India
| | - Amra Ahsan
- Amity Institute of Behavioral and Allied Sciences (AIBAS), Amity University Jaipur, Rajasthan, India,Sri Guru Govind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurgaon, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology, Amity University Haryana, Gurgaon, India,Address for correspondence Vijay Kumar, MSc, PhD Department of Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology, Amity University Haryana, Gurgaon 122413, India Te l +91-9650522584 Fax +0124-2337016 E-mail
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Firoozjah MH, Homayouni A, Nazari S, Pourazar M. Effect of motor skills development on psychological and social traits of students of mazandaran province during the covid-19 pandemics. Sport Sci Health 2023; 19:301-308. [PMID: 35822178 PMCID: PMC9263812 DOI: 10.1007/s11332-022-00962-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, the covid 19 pandemics are challenging all students. The present study aimed to investigate whether motor skill development affects students' psychological and social traits during the covid 19 pandemics. The present study's population consisted of all students aged 9-17 years in the three grades of the elementary, middle, and high school in Mazandaran province in the academic year 2020-2021, which corresponded to approximately 534 thousand students. We used a simple random sampling to determine the sample size because Iranian schools were closed. In this study, we selected 15 individuals for each of the experimental and control groups. Due to some students dropping out or leaving the practice, the samples comprised 42 girls and 45 boys in the control group and 41 girls and 43 boys in the experimental group. To collect data, we used the Standard Student Social Skills Questionnaire by Garsham and Elliott (1990), Cooper-Smith Self-Esteem Questionnaire, and Children's Depression Scale Short Form (CDS-A). We conducted the experimental group for 36 sessions, i.e., three months and three sessions per week, and each session lasted 30-45 min, depending on the quarantine conditions on the 19th day. To analyze the data, we used a two-way analysis of variance and the Scheffe post hoc test. The results showed that all groups had lower scores in psychological traits than those in the pretest. However, no significant difference was found between groups (P. < 0.05), and this effect was not significant in social traits (05/0 < P.). We also suggest that school principals and health care professionals use this study to design guidelines for creating a healthy environment and developing health-oriented educational programs to improve students' quality of life and health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alireza Homayouni
- Department of Psychology, Bandargaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bandargaz, Iran
| | - Saeed Nazari
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Morteza Pourazar
- Department of Physical Education, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran
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Bloor D, Ballantyne C, Gillespie-Smith K, Wilson C, Hendry G. Investigating the challenges of teaching sex education to autistic learners: A qualitative exploration of teachers' experiences. Res Dev Disabil 2022; 131:104344. [PMID: 36182810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2022.104344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex education is essential as it equips individuals with the knowledge to live independent and safe sex lives. However, in the United Kingdom, sex education is not particularly accessible for autistic learners which may lead to a lack of knowledge around appropriate sexual behaviours. AIMS The current study focusses on the challenges of teaching sex education to autistic learners. METHODS AND PROCEDURES The data was produced through one-to-one interviews with thirteen educational practitioners that have experienced delivering sex education to autistic learners. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS Reflexive thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2006) was used to interpret the data, producing themes of (1) Pedagogical Restrictions, and (2) Sexual Impulses. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These findings demonstrated that the main challenges of teaching sex education to autistic learners pertained to Pedagogical Restrictions in the classroom, and learners' own sexual impulses. These findings are a positive step towards understanding how to adapt sex education lessons to make them more inclusive and accessible for learners with autism. This study contributes to developing understanding around how to support autistic learners, highlighting gaps in the current sex education curriculum for policy makers, and enabling those surrounding autistic individuals to best support them with body transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Bloor
- School of Education, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Carrie Ballantyne
- School of Education and Social Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, UK
| | | | | | - Gillian Hendry
- School of Education and Social Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, UK.
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Hardman G, Kyle F, Herman R, Morgan G. Pre-linguistic social communication skills and post implant language outcomes in deaf children with cochlear implants. J Commun Disord 2022; 100:106275. [PMID: 36327573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2022.106275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigates the relationship between pre-linguistic social communication skills and age of cochlear implant for future language outcomes in a large sample of deaf children. METHOD A retrospective cohort study of records from 75 children. Pre-implant data included Age at Implant, pre-linguistic communication (social, symbolic and speech) skills, and non-verbal ability. Receptive and expressive language development data at 1 year, 2 years and 4 years post implant were analysed to investigate the relationships between pre-implant factors and language outcomes, in particular pre-linguistic social communication skills in early and late implanted children. RESULTS Age at Implant was the strongest correlate of post implant expressive and receptive language outcomes. The sample was divided into early implanted (<18 month) and late implanted (>18 months) children. In the early implanted group, pre-linguistic social communication skills were the strongest pre-implant correlate of language outcomes four years post-implant. In the late implanted group, there were no significant pre-implant correlates of language outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Long term language outcomes after cochlear implantation are the product of a set of communicative, cognitive and environmental factors. Early pre-implant social communication skills are an important consideration for clinicians who guide parents as to likely long-term outcomes post cochlear implantation. Social communication skills are particularly important for children who receive implants before the age of 18 months.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gary Morgan
- City, University of London, UK; Universitat Oberta de Catalunya.
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Kacar D, Ayaz-Alkaya S. The effect of traditional children's games on internet addiction, social skills and stress level. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2022; 40:50-55. [PMID: 36064245 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Traditional children's games can protect the physical, emotional, and mental health of children. This study was conducted to determine the effect of traditional children's games on internet addiction, social skills, and stress level. METHODS A pre-test/post-test quasi-experimental design with a control group was used. The population of the study consisted of a fifth- and sixth-grade students studying at two secondary schools in a city of Turkey. A total of 42 students - 20 in the intervention group and 22 in the control group - were included in the study. The Family-Child Internet Addiction Scale, the Social Skills Assessment Scale, the Social Skills Scale, and the Perceived Stress Scale in Children (8-11 years) were used to collect the data. The intervention group received eight weeks of traditional children's games. RESULTS There was no significant difference between the intervention and control groups in terms of internet use, social skills, and stress level in the pre-test (p > 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference between groups in terms of daily and weekly internet use in the post-test (p < 0.05). The mean scores regarding social skills of the intervention group increased after the games compared with the control group (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of stress-level mean scores (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The results showed that traditional children's games may be effective in reducing internet use and increasing social skills, however they do not affect stress level. Childhood is important for physical, cognitive, and psychosocial development. Therefore, in the school settings, traditional children's games can be used for the protection and promotion of children's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Kacar
- Çivril Şehit Hilmi Öz State Hospital, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Sultan Ayaz-Alkaya
- Gazi University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Ankara, Turkey.
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Hamstra C, Fitzgerald M. Longitudinal Effects from Childhood Abuse to Bullying Perpetration in Adolescence: The Role of Mental Health and Social Problems. J Child Adolesc Trauma 2022; 15:869-881. [PMID: 35958700 PMCID: PMC9360357 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-021-00409-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Bullying has attracted increased attention due to the serious implications for perpetrators, victims, and schools. Recent studies have sought to identify factors that may contribute to bullying perpetration, and child abuse has been identified as one such factor. The mediating processes linking child abuse to bullying perpetration, however, are not well understood. The current study explored adolescent mental health problems, including symptoms of depression, anxiety, dissociation, and posttraumatic stress disorder, and poor social skills as pathways between childhood abuse and adolescent bullying perpetration. Data for the current study are from the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect. The current study utilized a longitudinal and multi-informant design in which adolescents reported their history of childhood abuse, mental health problems, and social skills when they were 12 years old; bullying perpetration was reported by adolescent's teachers when adolescents were 12 and 14. Results indicated childhood abuse was associated with higher levels of depression, anxiety, anger, dissociation, posttraumatic stress, and poor social skills. Only anxiety and poor social skills at age 12 were significantly associated with bullying perpetration when adolescents when were 14. Bootstrapped indirect effects from childhood abuse to bullying perpetration were significant for both anxiety and poor social skills, indicating full mediation. Addressing anxiety and poor social skills in early adolescence among children who have been abused may prevent bullying perpetration in mid-adolescence. Clinicians, teachers, and school administrators may desire to focus efforts on reducing anxiety and increasing social skills to mitigate bullying perpetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cailyn Hamstra
- School of Teacher Education, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL USA
| | - Michael Fitzgerald
- School of Child and Family Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS USA
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Rodríguez-Urgellés E, Rodríguez-Navarro I, Ballasch I, Del Toro D, Del Castillo I, Brito V, Alberch J, Giralt A. Postnatal Foxp2 regulates early psychiatric-like phenotypes and associated molecular alterations in the R6/1 transgenic mouse model of Huntington's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 173:105854. [PMID: 36029989 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's Disease (HD) is a devastating disorder characterized by a triad of motor, psychiatric and cognitive manifestations. Psychiatric and emotional symptoms appear at early stages of the disease which are consistently described by patients and caregivers among the most disabling. Here, we show for the first time that Foxp2 is strongly associated with some psychiatric-like disturbances in the R6/1 mouse model of HD. First, 4-week-old (juvenile) R6/1 mice behavioral phenotype was characterized by an increased impulsive-like behavior and less aggressive-like behavior. In this line, we identified an early striatal downregulation of Foxp2 protein starting as soon as at postnatal day 15 that could explain such deficiencies. Interestingly, the rescue of striatal Foxp2 levels from postnatal stages completely reverted the impulsivity-phenotype and partially the social impairments concomitant with a rescue of dendritic spine pathology. A mass spectrometry study indicated that the rescue of spine loss was associated with an improvement of several altered proteins related with cytoskeleton dynamics. Finally, we reproduced and mimicked the impulsivity and social deficits in wild type mice by reducing their striatal Foxp2 expression from postnatal stages. Overall, these results imply that early postnatal reduction of Foxp2 might contribute to the appearance of some of the early psychiatric symptoms in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ened Rodríguez-Urgellés
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Irene Rodríguez-Navarro
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Iván Ballasch
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Daniel Del Toro
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Ignacio Del Castillo
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Verónica Brito
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Jordi Alberch
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain; Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies (Creatio), Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Albert Giralt
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain; Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies (Creatio), Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
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Coleman A, MacInnes JD, Mikelyte R, Croke S, Allen PW, Checkland K. What makes a socially skilled leader? Findings from the implementation and operation of New Care Models (Vanguards) in England. J Health Organ Manag 2022; ahead-of-print. [PMID: 35976876 DOI: 10.1108/jhom-02-2022-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The article aims to argue that the concept of "distributed leadership" lacks the specificity required to allow a full understanding of how change happens. The authors therefore utilise the "Strategic Action Field Framework" (SAF) (Moulton and Sandfort, 2017) as a more sensitive framework for understanding leadership in complex systems. The authors use the New Care Models (Vanguard) Programme as an exemplar. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH Using the SAF framework, the authors explored factors affecting whether and how local Vanguard initiatives were implemented in response to national policy, using a qualitative case study approach. The authors apply this to data from the focus groups and interviews with a variety of respondents in six case study sites, covering different Vanguard types between October 2018 and July 2019. FINDINGS While literature already acknowledges that leadership is not simply about individual leaders, but about leading together, this paper emphasises that a further interdependence exists between leaders and their organisational/system context. This requires actors to use their skills and knowledge within the fixed and changing attributes of their local context, to perform the roles (boundary spanning, interpretation and mobilisation) necessary to allow the practical implementation of complex change across a healthcare setting. ORIGINALITY/VALUE The SAF framework was a useful framework within which to interrogate the data, but the authors found that the category of "social skills" required further elucidation. By recognising the importance of an intersection between position, personal characteristics/behaviours, fixed personal attributes and local context, the work is novel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Coleman
- School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Julie D MacInnes
- Centre for Health Services Studies, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Rasa Mikelyte
- Centre for Health Services Studies, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Sarah Croke
- School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Pauline W Allen
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene, London, UK
| | - Kath Checkland
- Centre for Primary Care and Health Services Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Etkin RG, Marin CE, Silverman WK, Lebowitz ER. Youth social functioning interacts with treatment arm, diagnosis, and gender to predict anxiety treatment outcome. Behav Res Ther 2022; 156:104160. [PMID: 35870327 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2022.104160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Research has uncovered a wide range of predictors of youth anxiety treatment outcome (i.e., symptom severity and diagnostic remission). Youth's social functioning is one predictor that has been rarely studied, however, which is a significant gap given its importance to development and clinical functioning. We address this gap by examining two aspects of youth's social functioning as predictors of anxiety treatment outcome: (1) positive social interactions and (2) social skills. We further examined the moderating roles of treatment arm (child- or parent-based treatment), diagnosis (presence or absence of social anxiety disorder), and youth gender, between each of the two predictors and treatment response and remission. Participants were 96 youths with anxiety disorders (6-16 years; 54% girls) and their mothers, who completed diagnostic interviews and questionnaires at baseline and posttreatment. Multiple regression models revealed that higher baseline parent-reports of their child's social skills predicted lower posttreatment anxiety symptom severity for youth with social anxiety disorder. Modified linear probability models revealed that baseline youth-reports of their social skills predicted remission from anxiety diagnoses for youths assigned to the parent-based treatment. Baseline youth-reports of their positive social interactions and parent-reports of youth social skills predicted remission from anxiety diagnoses for girls. Results contribute to the predictor literature by highlighting the importance of youth social functioning to anxiety treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca G Etkin
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 350 George St, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Carla E Marin
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 350 George St, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Wendy K Silverman
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 350 George St, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Eli R Lebowitz
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 350 George St, New Haven, CT, USA
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Fredrick SS, Nickerson AB, Sun L, Rodgers JD, Thomeer ML, Lopata C, Todd F. ASD Symptoms, Social Skills, and Comorbidity: Predictors of Bullying Perpetration. J Autism Dev Disord 2022:10.1007/s10803-022-05612-0. [PMID: 35678945 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05612-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Children with ASD are more likely to be involved in bullying compared to typically developing peers; however, studies rarely examine bullying perpetration and the contributing factors among this population. The primary aim of this study was to examine the extent to which parent-reported ASD symptoms, social skills, and comorbid externalizing and internalizing symptoms predicted bullying perpetration in a sample of 390 children with ASD without intellectual disability. Findings from hierarchical regression analyses indicated that social skill deficits, externalizing symptoms (i.e., hyperactivity, aggression, and conduct problems), and depressive symptoms were associated with higher likelihood of bullying perpetration, while severity of ASD symptoms and anxiety were not significant predictors. Further research is needed to better understand bullying perpetration among children with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie S Fredrick
- Alberti Center for Bullying Abuse Prevention, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.
| | - Amanda B Nickerson
- Alberti Center for Bullying Abuse Prevention, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Lucia Sun
- Alberti Center for Bullying Abuse Prevention, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | - Marcus L Thomeer
- Institute for Autism Research, Canisius College, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | - Fable Todd
- Institute for Autism Research, Canisius College, Buffalo, NY, USA
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50
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Carone N, Innocenzi E, Lingiardi V. Peer Microaggressions and Social Skills among School-Age Children of Sexual Minority Parents through Assisted Reproduction: Moderation via the Child-Teacher Relationship. J Youth Adolesc 2022; 51:1210-1229. [PMID: 35275310 PMCID: PMC9090859 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-022-01588-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The impact of peer microaggressions and the child-teacher relationship on the social skills of children with sexual minority parents has received little attention. The current study used a mixed-method, multi-informant, two-wave longitudinal design to address this research gap. Thirty-seven children of lesbian mothers through donor insemination and 33 children of gay fathers though surrogacy (wave 1: Mage = 8.3 years, SD = 1.6; 51.4% female; wave 2: Mage = 9.9 years, SD = 1.7), all school-aged and residing in Italy, participated together with their 140 parents and 55 teachers. Approximately two-thirds of the children reported at least one peer microaggression and, on average, microaggressions were of a low intensity. Child-teacher relationships were of high quality (i.e., characterized by high safe haven-seeking and secure base use, and low conflict). Both parents and teachers reported high levels of child social skills. However, more intense W1 microaggressions predicted lower W2 social skills among children reporting a lower W1 child-teacher relationship quality, and greater W2 social skills among those reporting a higher W1 child-teacher relationship quality. These results support the child-teacher relationship as a potentially secure context in which children can "mentalize" negative experiences such as microaggressions and improve their social skills. In this vein, considering microaggression, attachment, and developmental intergroup theories, teachers must attune to the school experiences of children with sexual minority parents and cultivate caring classroom environments that are sensitive to family diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Carone
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Piazza Botta 11, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Innocenzi
- Department of History, Culture and Society, "Tor Vergata" University of Rome, Via Columbia 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Vittorio Lingiardi
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 1, 00185, Rome, Italy
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