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Johnsen LK, Larsen KM, Fuglsang SA, Ver Loren van Themaat AH, Baaré WFC, Madsen KS, Madsen KH, Hemager N, Andreassen AK, Veddum L, Greve AN, Nejad AB, Burton BK, Gregersen M, Eichele H, Lund TE, Bliksted V, Thorup AAE, Mors O, Plessen KJ, Nordentoft M, Siebner HR. Executive Control and Associated Brain Activity in Children With Familial High-Risk of Schizophrenia or Bipolar Disorder: A Danish Register-based Study. Schizophr Bull 2024; 50:567-578. [PMID: 37756493 PMCID: PMC11059809 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbad134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESES Impaired executive control is a potential prognostic and endophenotypic marker of schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BP). Assessing children with familial high-risk (FHR) of SZ or BP enables characterization of early risk markers and we hypothesize that they express impaired executive control as well as aberrant brain activation compared to population-based control (PBC) children. STUDY DESIGN Using a flanker task, we examined executive control together with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in 11- to 12-year-old children with FHR of SZ (FHR-SZ) or FHR of BP (FHR-BP) and PBC children as part of a register-based, prospective cohort-study; The Danish High Risk and Resilience study-VIA 11. STUDY RESULTS We included 85 (44% female) FHR-SZ, 63 (52% female) FHR-BP and 98 (50% female) PBC in the analyses. Executive control effects, caused by the spatial visuomotor conflict, showed no differences between groups. Bayesian ANOVA of reaction time (RT) variability, quantified by the coefficient of variation (CVRT), revealed a group effect with similarly higher CVRT in FHR-BP and FHR-SZ compared to PBC (BF10 = 6.82). The fMRI analyses revealed no evidence for between-group differences in task-related brain activation. Post hoc analyses excluding children with psychiatric illness yielded same results. CONCLUSION FHR-SZ and FHR-BP at age 11-12 show intact ability to resolve a spatial visuomotor conflict and neural efficacy. The increased variability in RT may reflect difficulties in maintaining sustained attention. Since variability in RT was independent of existing psychiatric illness, it may reflect a potential endophenotypic marker of risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Korsgaard Johnsen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kit Melissa Larsen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Asp Fuglsang
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Hester Ver Loren van Themaat
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - William Frans Christiaan Baaré
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kathrine Skak Madsen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Radiography, Department of Technology, University College Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristoffer Hougaard Madsen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Nicoline Hemager
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health, CORE, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Mental Health Services, Capital Region, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anna Krogh Andreassen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Services, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lotte Veddum
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Services, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Aja Neergaard Greve
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Services, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ayna Baladi Nejad
- Medical and Science, Clinical Drug Development, Novo Nordisk A/S, Greater Copenhagen area, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Klee Burton
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Psychiatry Region Zealand, Roskilde, Denmark
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maja Gregersen
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health, CORE, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Mental Health Services, Capital Region, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Heike Eichele
- Division of Psychiatry, Regional Resource Centre for Autism, ADHD and Tourette syndrome Western Norway, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Torben E Lund
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Vibeke Bliksted
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Services, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anne Amalie Elgaard Thorup
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole Mors
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Services, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kerstin Jessica Plessen
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, The University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health, CORE, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Mental Health Services, Capital Region, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hartwig Roman Siebner
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Gregersen M, Møllegaard Jepsen JR, Marie Brandt J, Søndergaard A, Birkehøj Rohd S, Veddum L, Bruun Knudsen C, Krogh Andreassen A, Klee Burton B, Hjorthøj C, Falkenberg Krantz M, Neergaard Greve A, Bliksted V, Mors O, Nordentoft M, Elgaard Thorup AA, Hemager N. Suicidal Ideation and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Following Early Childhood Psychotic Experiences in Preadolescent Children at Familial High Risk of Schizophrenia or Bipolar Disorder-The Danish High Risk and Resilience Study, VIA 11. Schizophr Bull 2023; 49:1602-1613. [PMID: 37171862 PMCID: PMC10686355 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbad052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Suicide is a leading cause of death in youth and is often preceded by suicidal ideation (SI) and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). Identifying early markers of risk for SI and NSSI could improve timely identification of at-risk individuals. STUDY DESIGN Children (mean age 11.9, SD 0.2) at familial high risk of schizophrenia (N = 171), or bipolar disorder (N = 104), and controls (N = 174) were assessed for psychotic experiences (PE), SI, NSSI, and Axis I mental disorders in face-to-face interviews in early and middle childhood (age 7 and 11). STUDY RESULTS Having 2 types of early childhood PE predicted middle childhood SI after accounting for previous SI, NSSI, and mental disorders (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.1-6.9; P = .03). Two PE predicted NSSI (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.2-7.7; P = .02) in excess of previous SI, NSSI, mental disorders, and familial risk. Persistent and incident PE predicted SI (OR 3.2, 95% CI, 1.1-8.8; P = .03; OR 3.8, 95% CI, 1.3-11.5; P = .02) in the fully adjusted model. Nineteen percent of children with persistent PE reported middle childhood SI vs 3.8% of those who never reported PE. In children with early childhood mental disorders, those who reported 2 PE had 4.4-fold increased odds of later SI (95% CI, 1.2-16.7; P = .03) after adjustments. PE were nondifferentially associated with outcomes across familial risk groups. CONCLUSIONS Early childhood PE index elevated risk for subsequent SI and NSSI beyond what can be attributed to presence of mental disorders. Mental health screenings and clinical assessments should include early childhood PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Gregersen
- CORE – Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research - iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens Richardt Møllegaard Jepsen
- CORE – Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research - iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Julie Marie Brandt
- CORE – Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research - iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Søndergaard
- CORE – Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research - iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sinnika Birkehøj Rohd
- CORE – Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research - iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lotte Veddum
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research - iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Skejby, Denmark
| | - Christina Bruun Knudsen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research - iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Skejby, Denmark
| | - Anna Krogh Andreassen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research - iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Skejby, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Klee Burton
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Psychiatry Region Zealand, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Carsten Hjorthøj
- CORE – Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research - iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Falkenberg Krantz
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Aja Neergaard Greve
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research - iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Skejby, Denmark
| | - Vibeke Bliksted
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Skejby, Denmark
| | - Ole Mors
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research - iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Skejby, Denmark
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- CORE – Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research - iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Amalie Elgaard Thorup
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research - iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicoline Hemager
- CORE – Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research - iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Krantz MF, Frederiksen H, Hjorthøj C, Søndergaard A, Brandt JM, Rohd SB, Veddum L, Steffensen NL, Knudsen CB, Andreasen AK, Hemager N, Burton BK, Gregersen M, Greve AN, Ohland J, Bliksted V, Mors O, Thorup AA, Juul A, Nordentoft M. Pubertal timing, sex hormone levels, and associations between early life adversity and accelerated development amongst 11-year-old children of parents with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder and controls: The Danish high risk and Resilience study via 11. Compr Psychoneuroendocrinol 2023; 16:100204. [PMID: 37664528 PMCID: PMC10470414 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpnec.2023.100204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Children of parents with severe mental illness have several known risk factors for altered pubertal timing. Pubertal timing is important for children's physical and emotional development. We aimed to examine pubertal timing and associations between pubertal timing, early life adversity and child problem behavior including psychiatric diagnoses among children of parents with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder and controls. Methods Self-reported Tanner stage (mean age 11.9, range 10.87-12.67), sex hormone levels, home environment, placement out of home, and problem behavior including psychiatric diagnoses of children at familial high-risk (FHR) of schizophrenia (FHR-SZ), bipolar disorder (FHR-BP) and population-based controls (PBC) were assessed. Results A total of 465 children participated in the study (Tanner assessment N = 417, sex hormones N = 293). Assessed with self-reported Tanner, no difference in pubertal timing was found between groups (p = 0.09). Hormone levels did not differ between groups except for inhibin B (mean (SD) = 55.86 (29.13) pg/mL for FHR-SZ girls vs 84.98 (47.98) pg/mL) for PBC girls (p < 0.001)) and for follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) (mean (SD) = 5.82 (1.45) U/L for FHR-BP girls vs 4.54 (1.68) U/L for PBC girls (p < 0.001)). FHR children who were placed out of home (17 children, 3.8% of participants) had higher Tanner stages than those living at home (p < 0.001). Timing was not associated with level of problem behavior or psychiatric diagnoses. Conclusions FHR children did not differ from controls in pubertal timing. Early life adversity assessed as placement out of home may be associated with accelerated pubertal timing among children of parents with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Falkenberg Krantz
- CORE- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- iPSYCH -The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Denmark
| | - Hanne Frederiksen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital – Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carsten Hjorthøj
- CORE- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- iPSYCH -The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Søndergaard
- CORE- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- iPSYCH -The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Julie Marie Brandt
- CORE- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- iPSYCH -The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sinnika Birkehøj Rohd
- CORE- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- iPSYCH -The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Denmark
| | - Lotte Veddum
- iPSYCH -The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Denmark
- The Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital - Psychiatry, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Services, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Nanna Lawaetz Steffensen
- iPSYCH -The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Denmark
- The Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital - Psychiatry, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Services, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Christina Bruun Knudsen
- iPSYCH -The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Denmark
- The Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital - Psychiatry, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Services, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Anna Krogh Andreasen
- iPSYCH -The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Denmark
- The Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital - Psychiatry, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Services, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Nicoline Hemager
- CORE- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- iPSYCH -The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Denmark
- Research Unit at Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Capital Region of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Klee Burton
- Research Unit at Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Capital Region of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Maja Gregersen
- CORE- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- iPSYCH -The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Denmark
| | - Aja Neergaard Greve
- iPSYCH -The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Denmark
- The Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital - Psychiatry, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Services, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Jessica Ohland
- CORE- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- iPSYCH -The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Denmark
| | - Vibeke Bliksted
- iPSYCH -The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Denmark
- The Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital - Psychiatry, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Services, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Ole Mors
- iPSYCH -The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Denmark
- The Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital - Psychiatry, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Services, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Anne A.E. Thorup
- iPSYCH -The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Research Unit at Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Capital Region of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Anders Juul
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital – Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- CORE- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- iPSYCH -The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Hemager N, Gregersen M, Christiani CJ, Hjorthøj C, Knudsen CB, Veddum L, Andreassen AK, Brandt JM, Krantz MF, Burton BK, Bliksted V, Mors O, Greve AN, Thorup AAE, Nordentoft M, Jepsen JRM. Development of social functioning in preadolescent children at familial high-risk of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder - a 4-year follow-up study from age 7 to 11. Psychiatry Res 2023; 327:115397. [PMID: 37536146 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Social functioning is a major indicator of psychosis risk and evidence is lacking regarding social functioning development during preadolescence in children at familial high risk of schizophrenia (FHR-SZ) or bipolar disorder (FHR-BP). We aimed to investigate development of social functioning from age 7 to 11 in children at FHR-SZ or FHR-BP compared with population-based controls. At 4-year follow-up, 179 children at FHR-SZ (mean age 12.0 y, SD 0.3), 105 children at FHR-BP (mean age 11.9 y, SD 0.2), and 181 controls (mean age 11.9 y, SD 0.2) participated. We used the Vineland-II to measure social functioning. Development of social functioning was non-significantly different across groups on the Socialization Composite score as well as the subscales Interpersonal Relations, Play and Leisure, and Coping Skills. At 4-year follow-up, children at FHR-SZ demonstrated impaired social functioning, whereas children at FHR-BP displayed social functioning comparable to controls except from impaired coping skills. From age 7 to 11, the maturational pace of social functioning in children at FHR-SZ and FHR-BP is parallel to that of controls. Children at FHR-SZ show stable social functioning deficits, whereas children at FHR-BP show normal social functioning except from emergence of discretely impaired coping skills at age 11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoline Hemager
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Maja Gregersen
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Camilla Jerlang Christiani
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Carsten Hjorthøj
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christina Bruun Knudsen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark; Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lotte Veddum
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark; Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anna Krogh Andreassen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark; Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Julie Marie Brandt
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mette Falkenberg Krantz
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Klee Burton
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Psychiatry Region Zealand, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Vibeke Bliksted
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ole Mors
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark; Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Aja Neergaard Greve
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark; Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anne Amalie Elgaard Thorup
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Richardt Møllegaard Jepsen
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark; Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Veddum L, Greve AN, Gregersen M, Andreassen AK, Knudsen CB, Brandt JM, Krantz MF, Søndergaard A, Burton BK, Jepsen JRM, Hemager N, Werge T, Thorup AAE, Nordentoft M, Mors O, Nudel R. A study of the genetic architecture of social responsiveness in families with parental schizophrenia or bipolar disorder and population-based controls. Psychiatry Res 2023; 326:115280. [PMID: 37339530 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Twin-studies of social responsiveness have reported moderate to high heritabilities, but studies using parent-child data are lacking. Additionally, social impairments have been suggested as a vulnerability marker for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, but the heritability of social responsiveness in this context is unknown. This study is part of the Danish High Risk and Resilience Study - VIA, comprising families with one parent with schizophrenia (n = 202) or bipolar disorder (n = 120) and population-based controls (PBC, n = 200). Social responsiveness was assessed with The Social Responsiveness Scale, Second Edition (SRS-2). Heritability was estimated from variance components, and a polygenic risk score (PRS) for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) was calculated to assess the genetic relationship between ASD and SRS-2. SRS-2 heritability was moderate to high and significantly different from zero in all groups when the children were rated by the primary caregiver. With teacher ratings, the heritability was lower and only significant in the full cohort and PBC. We found no significant association between SRS-2 and PRS for ASD. Our study confirms that social responsiveness is heritable, but that heritability estimates are affected by the child-respondent relation and familial risk of mental illness. This has implications for clinical practice and research using SRS-2 and provides insight on the familial transmission of mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte Veddum
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Aarhus University, Denmark; The Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Psychiatry, Denmark; iPSYCH - The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Denmark.
| | - Aja Neergaard Greve
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Aarhus University, Denmark; The Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Psychiatry, Denmark; iPSYCH - The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Denmark
| | - Maja Gregersen
- iPSYCH - The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Denmark; CORE - Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Krogh Andreassen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Aarhus University, Denmark; The Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Psychiatry, Denmark; iPSYCH - The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Denmark
| | - Christina Bruun Knudsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Aarhus University, Denmark; The Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Psychiatry, Denmark; iPSYCH - The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Denmark
| | - Julie Marie Brandt
- iPSYCH - The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Denmark; CORE - Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Copenhagen - Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Denmark
| | - Mette Falkenberg Krantz
- iPSYCH - The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Denmark; CORE - Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Research Unit, Capital Region of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Søndergaard
- iPSYCH - The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Denmark; CORE - Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Copenhagen - Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Klee Burton
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Research Unit, Capital Region of Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Copenhagen - Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Denmark; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Psychiatry Region Zealand, Denmark
| | - Jens Richardt Møllegaard Jepsen
- iPSYCH - The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Denmark; CORE - Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Research Unit, Capital Region of Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicoline Hemager
- iPSYCH - The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Denmark; CORE - Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Research Unit, Capital Region of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Werge
- iPSYCH - The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Denmark; Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Amalie Elgaard Thorup
- iPSYCH - The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Denmark; Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Research Unit, Capital Region of Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Copenhagen - Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Denmark
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- iPSYCH - The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Denmark; CORE - Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Copenhagen - Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Denmark
| | - Ole Mors
- The Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Psychiatry, Denmark; iPSYCH - The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Denmark
| | - Ron Nudel
- iPSYCH - The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Denmark; CORE - Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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6
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Knudsen CB, Hemager N, Jepsen JRM, Gregersen M, Greve AN, Andreassen AK, Veddum L, Brandt JM, Krantz MF, Søndergaard A, Burton BK, Thorup AAE, Nordentoft M, Lambek R, Mors O, Bliksted VF. Early Childhood Neurocognition in Relation to Middle Childhood Psychotic Experiences in Children at Familial High Risk of Schizophrenia or Bipolar Disorder and Population-Based Controls: The Danish High Risk and Resilience Study. Schizophr Bull 2023; 49:756-767. [PMID: 36548470 PMCID: PMC10154705 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbac198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Familial high-risk (FHR) studies examining longitudinal associations between neurocognition and psychotic experiences are currently lacking. We hypothesized neurocognitive impairments at age 7 to be associated with increased risk of psychotic experiences from age 7 to 11 in children at familial high risk of schizophrenia (FHR-SZ) or bipolar disorder (FHR-BP) and population-based controls (PBC), and further, impaired functioning in some neurocognitive functions to be associated with greater risk of psychotic experiences in children at FHR-SZ or FHR-BP relative to PBC. STUDY DESIGN Neurocognition was assessed at age 7 (early childhood) and psychotic experiences from age 7 to 11 (middle childhood) in 449 children from the Danish High Risk and Resilience Study. The neurocognitive assessment covered intelligence, processing speed, attention, visuospatial and verbal memory, working memory, and set-shifting. Psychotic experiences were assessed through face-to-face interviews with the primary caregiver and the child. STUDY RESULTS Set-shifting impairments at age 7 were associated with greater risk of psychotic experiences from age 7 to 11 in children at FHR-SZ. Children at FHR-BP and PBC showed no differential associations. Working memory and visuospatial memory impairments were related to increased risk of psychotic experiences across the cohort. However, adjusting for concurrent psychopathology attenuated these findings. CONCLUSIONS Early childhood neurocognitive impairments are risk markers of middle childhood psychotic experiences, of which impaired set-shifting appears to further increase the risk of psychotic experiences in children at FHR-SZ. More research is needed to examine longitudinal associations between neurocognitive impairments and psychotic experiences in FHR samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Bruun Knudsen
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital – Psychiatry, Børglumvej 5, 1st floor, 8240 Risskov, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research – iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nicoline Hemager
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research – iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- CORE – Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital – Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Richardt Møllegaard Jepsen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research – iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- CORE – Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital – Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS) and Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR), Mental Health Center, Glostrup, Copenhagen University Hospital – Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maja Gregersen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research – iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- CORE – Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Aja Neergaard Greve
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital – Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research – iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anna Krogh Andreassen
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital – Psychiatry, Børglumvej 5, 1st floor, 8240 Risskov, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research – iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lotte Veddum
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital – Psychiatry, Børglumvej 5, 1st floor, 8240 Risskov, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research – iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Julie Marie Brandt
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research – iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- CORE – Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Falkenberg Krantz
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research – iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- CORE – Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital – Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Søndergaard
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research – iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- CORE – Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Klee Burton
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital – Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Copenhagen University Hospital – Psychiatry Region Zealand, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Anne Amalie Elgaard Thorup
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research – iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital – Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research – iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- CORE – Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rikke Lambek
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ole Mors
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital – Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research – iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Vibeke Fuglsang Bliksted
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital – Psychiatry, Børglumvej 5, 1st floor, 8240 Risskov, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research – iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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7
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Veddum L, Gregersen M, Andreassen AK, Knudsen CB, Brandt JM, Krantz MF, Søndergaard A, Burton BK, Jepsen JRM, Hemager N, Thorup AAE, Nordentoft M, Mors O, Bliksted V, Greve AN. Social responsiveness in families with parental schizophrenia or bipolar disorder-The Danish High Risk and Resilience Study. Psychiatry Res 2023; 323:115140. [PMID: 36898170 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are highly heritable severe mental disorders associated with social impairments. Moreover, partners to individuals with one of these disorders display poorer functioning and more psychopathology, but their social skills and the transgenerational transmission remains uninvestigated. Therefore, we aimed to examine social responsiveness in families with parental schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. The cohort consists of 11-year-old children with at least one parent with schizophrenia (n = 179) or bipolar disorder (n = 105) and population-based controls (PBC, n = 181). Children and parents were assessed with The Social Responsiveness Scale, Second Edition. Duration of time each parent and child have lived together was ascertained through interviews. Parents with schizophrenia and parents with bipolar disorder exhibited poorer social responsiveness compared with PBC parents. Parents with schizophrenia displayed poorer social responsiveness compared with parents with bipolar disorder. Schizophrenia co-parents exhibited poorer social responsiveness compared with bipolar co-parents and PBC co-parents. We found significant positive associations between parents' and children's social responsiveness, with no interaction effect of duration of time living together. Considering that social impairments are suggested as a vulnerability marker, this knowledge calls for increased attention towards vulnerable families, particularly those where both parents have social impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte Veddum
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; The Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby - Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark; iPSYCH -The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Asrhus, Denmark.
| | - Maja Gregersen
- iPSYCH -The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Asrhus, Denmark; CORE - Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health, Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Anna Krogh Andreassen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; The Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby - Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark; iPSYCH -The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Asrhus, Denmark
| | - Christina Bruun Knudsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; The Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby - Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark; iPSYCH -The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Asrhus, Denmark
| | - Julie Marie Brandt
- iPSYCH -The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Asrhus, Denmark; CORE - Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health, Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Falkenberg Krantz
- iPSYCH -The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Asrhus, Denmark; CORE - Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health, Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark; Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Søndergaard
- iPSYCH -The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Asrhus, Denmark; CORE - Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health, Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Klee Burton
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Psychiatry Region Zealand, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jens Richardt Møllegaard Jepsen
- iPSYCH -The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Asrhus, Denmark; CORE - Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health, Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark; Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Nicoline Hemager
- iPSYCH -The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Asrhus, Denmark; CORE - Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health, Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark; Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Amalie Elgaard Thorup
- iPSYCH -The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Asrhus, Denmark; Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- iPSYCH -The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Asrhus, Denmark; CORE - Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health, Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole Mors
- The Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby - Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark; iPSYCH -The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Asrhus, Denmark
| | - Vibeke Bliksted
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; The Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby - Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark; iPSYCH -The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Asrhus, Denmark
| | - Aja Neergaard Greve
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; The Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby - Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark; iPSYCH -The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Asrhus, Denmark
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8
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Steffensen NL, Hemager N, Bundgaard AF, Gantriis DL, Burton BK, Ellersgaard D, Carlsen AH, Bliksted V, Plessen KJ, Jepsen JRM, Nordentoft M, Thorup AAE, Mors O, Greve AN. Affective lability in parents with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder and their co-parents - The Danish High Risk and Resilience Study VIA 7. Psychiatry Res 2023; 321:115092. [PMID: 36773417 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In bipolar disorder, dysregulation of affect is a core feature while knowledge on affective lability in schizophrenia is sparse. Research on affective lability in partners to individuals with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder is also lacking. The objective of this study was to investigate affective lability in parents with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, and their co-parents without these disorders. The Danish High Risk and Resilience Study - VIA 7 is a population-based cohort study. This study focuses on parents diagnosed with schizophrenia (n = 148), their co-parents (n = 157), parents with bipolar disorder (n = 98), their co-parents (n = 89) and control parents (n = 359). The Affective Lability Scale - short form (ALS-SF) was used to measure affective lability. We found significantly higher levels of affective lability in parents with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder compared with controls, but no significant differences between bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Co-parents to parents with schizophrenia had significantly higher levels of affective lability compared to controls. Our results add to the existing knowledge concerning underlying transdiagnostic factors and nonrandom mating in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and highlight the need for studies of parental affective lability as a potential risk factor for offspring in families with parental schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanna Lawaetz Steffensen
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Psychiatry, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nicoline Hemager
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark; Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health (CORE), Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Kildegaardsvej 28, building 15, 4th, Hellerup 2900, Denmark; Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Services Capital Region, Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Hospitalsvej 3A, 1st floor, Hellerup 2900, Denmark
| | - Anette Faurskov Bundgaard
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Psychiatry, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ditte Lou Gantriis
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Psychiatry, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Klee Burton
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark; Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Services Capital Region, Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Hospitalsvej 3A, 1st floor, Hellerup 2900, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Psychiatry Region Zealand, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Ditte Ellersgaard
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark; Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health (CORE), Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Kildegaardsvej 28, building 15, 4th, Hellerup 2900, Denmark
| | | | - Vibeke Bliksted
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Psychiatry, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 82, Aarhus N 8200, Denmark
| | - Kerstin J Plessen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark; Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Services Capital Region, Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Hospitalsvej 3A, 1st floor, Hellerup 2900, Denmark; Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Lausanne and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jens Richardt Møllegaard Jepsen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark; Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health (CORE), Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Kildegaardsvej 28, building 15, 4th, Hellerup 2900, Denmark; Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Services Capital Region, Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Hospitalsvej 3A, 1st floor, Hellerup 2900, Denmark; Centre for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research & Centre for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, Copenhagen University Hospital, Ndr. Ringvej 29-67, Glostrup 2600, Denmark
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark; Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health (CORE), Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Kildegaardsvej 28, building 15, 4th, Hellerup 2900, Denmark
| | - Anne A E Thorup
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark; Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Services Capital Region, Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Hospitalsvej 3A, 1st floor, Hellerup 2900, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark
| | - Ole Mors
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Psychiatry, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Aja Neergaard Greve
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Psychiatry, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 82, Aarhus N 8200, Denmark.
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9
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Knudsen CB, Greve AN, Jepsen JRM, Lambek R, Andreassen AK, Veddum L, Brandt JM, Gregersen M, Krantz MF, Søndergaard A, Carlsen AH, Steffensen NL, Bundgaard AF, Burton BK, Thorup AAE, Nordentoft M, Mors O, Bliksted VF, Hemager N. Neurocognitive Subgroups in Children at Familial High-risk of Schizophrenia or Bipolar disorder: Subgroup Membership Stability or Change From Age 7 to 11-The Danish High Risk and Resilience Study. Schizophr Bull 2023; 49:185-195. [PMID: 36200864 PMCID: PMC9810011 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbac134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Subgroups with distinct levels of neurocognitive functioning exist in children of parents with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. However, studies investigating the temporal stability of subgroup membership are currently lacking. We hypothesized that a minority of children at familial high-risk of schizophrenia (FHR-SZ) or bipolar disorder (FHR-BP) would transition to a different neurocognitive subgroup from age 7 to 11 and that most transitions would be to a more impaired subgroup. STUDY DESIGN Latent profile analysis was used to identify subgroups at two assessments (age 7 and 11) based on the performance of 320 children at FHR-SZ or FHR-BP across eight neurocognitive functions. Temporal stability in subgroup membership was evaluated with latent profile transition analysis. Population-based controls (age 7, n = 199; age 11, n = 178) were included as a reference group. Children transitioning to a more impaired subgroup were compared with nontransitioning children on sex, FHR-status, global functioning, and psychopathology. STUDY RESULTS At both assessment points, we identified three subgroups based on neurocognitive performance: a moderately-severely impaired, a mildly impaired, and an above-average subgroup. A total of 12.8% of children transitioned to a different subgroup, of which the majority (85.2%) moved to a more impaired subgroup. Parental diagnosis of schizophrenia, but neither parental diagnosis of bipolar disorder, global functioning at age 7, psychopathology, nor sex significantly differentiated children transitioning to a more impaired subgroup from nontransitioning children. CONCLUSIONS During pre-adolescence, neurocognitive developmental lag is associated with being at FHR-SZ. Close attention to these children's neurocognitive development is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Bruun Knudsen
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital – Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research – iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Aja Neergaard Greve
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital – Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research – iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens Richardt Møllegaard Jepsen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research – iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- CORE – Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital – Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Center, Glostrup, Copenhagen University Hospital – Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rikke Lambek
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anna Krogh Andreassen
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital – Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research – iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lotte Veddum
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital – Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research – iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Julie Marie Brandt
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research – iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- CORE – Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maja Gregersen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research – iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- CORE – Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Falkenberg Krantz
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research – iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- CORE – Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital – Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Søndergaard
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research – iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- CORE – Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Helles Carlsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Research Unit, Department of Child- and Adolescent Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital – Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nanna Lawaetz Steffensen
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital – Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research – iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anette Faurskov Bundgaard
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital – Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research – iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Klee Burton
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital – Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Amalie Elgaard Thorup
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research – iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital – Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research – iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- CORE – Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole Mors
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital – Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research – iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Vibeke Fuglsang Bliksted
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital – Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research – iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nicoline Hemager
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research – iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- CORE – Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital – Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Gregersen M, Møllegaard Jepsen JR, Rohd SB, Søndergaard A, Brandt JM, Ellersgaard D, Hjorthøj C, Ohland J, Krantz MF, Wilms M, Andreassen AK, Veddum L, Knudsen CB, Greve AN, Bliksted V, Mors O, Clemmensen L, Nordentoft M, Hemager N, Elgaard Thorup AA. Developmental Pathways and Clinical Outcomes of Early Childhood Psychotic Experiences in Preadolescent Children at Familial High Risk of Schizophrenia or Bipolar Disorder: A Prospective, Longitudinal Cohort Study - The Danish High Risk and Resilience Study, VIA 11. Am J Psychiatry 2022; 179:628-639. [PMID: 36048497 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.21101076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Psychotic experiences are common in children and adolescents and are associated with concurrent and subsequent psychopathology. Most findings originate from general population studies, whereas little is known of the clinical outcomes of psychotic experiences in children and adolescents at familial high risk of psychosis. We examined the prevalence of psychotic experiences in middle childhood and whether early childhood psychotic experiences and developmental pathways of psychotic experiences predicted mental disorders in middle childhood in children at familial high risk of schizophrenia (FHR-SZ), bipolar disorder (FHR-BP), and a population-based control group. METHODS In a longitudinal population-based cohort study children at FHR-SZ (N=170), FHR-BP (N=103), and the control group (N=174) were assessed for psychotic experiences and axis I disorders with face-to-face interviews in early and middle childhood (at 7 and 11 years of age). RESULTS Psychotic experiences were more prevalent in children at FHR-SZ (31.8%, odds ratio 2.1, 95% CI 1.3-3.4) than in the control group (18.4%) in middle childhood. Early childhood psychotic experiences predicted mental disorders in middle childhood after adjusting for early childhood disorders and familial risk (odds ratio 2.0, 95% CI 1.2-3.1). Having three or more psychotic experiences increased odds the most (odds ratio 2.5, 95% CI 1.1-5.7). Persistent psychotic experiences were associated with increased odds of middle childhood disorders (odds ratio 4.1, 95% CI 2.1-8.4). Psychotic experiences were nondifferentially associated with mental disorders across the three familial risk groups. CONCLUSIONS Early childhood psychotic experiences predict mental disorders in middle childhood. Psychotic experiences index vulnerability for psychopathology nondifferentially in children at familial high risk and the control group. Psychotic experiences should be included in mental health screenings including children at familial high risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Gregersen
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health-CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen (Gregersen, Møllegaard, Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Ellersgaard, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Clemmensen, Nordentoft, Hemager); The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research-iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark (Gregersen, Møllegaard Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Gregersen, Søndergaard, Brandt, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen, Clemmensen, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen); Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen (Hjorthøj); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Bliksted, Mors); Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Skejby, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors)
| | - Jens Richardt Møllegaard Jepsen
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health-CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen (Gregersen, Møllegaard, Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Ellersgaard, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Clemmensen, Nordentoft, Hemager); The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research-iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark (Gregersen, Møllegaard Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Gregersen, Søndergaard, Brandt, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen, Clemmensen, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen); Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen (Hjorthøj); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Bliksted, Mors); Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Skejby, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors)
| | - Sinnika Birkehøj Rohd
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health-CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen (Gregersen, Møllegaard, Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Ellersgaard, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Clemmensen, Nordentoft, Hemager); The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research-iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark (Gregersen, Møllegaard Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Gregersen, Søndergaard, Brandt, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen, Clemmensen, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen); Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen (Hjorthøj); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Bliksted, Mors); Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Skejby, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors)
| | - Anne Søndergaard
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health-CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen (Gregersen, Møllegaard, Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Ellersgaard, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Clemmensen, Nordentoft, Hemager); The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research-iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark (Gregersen, Møllegaard Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Gregersen, Søndergaard, Brandt, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen, Clemmensen, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen); Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen (Hjorthøj); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Bliksted, Mors); Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Skejby, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors)
| | - Julie Marie Brandt
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health-CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen (Gregersen, Møllegaard, Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Ellersgaard, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Clemmensen, Nordentoft, Hemager); The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research-iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark (Gregersen, Møllegaard Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Gregersen, Søndergaard, Brandt, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen, Clemmensen, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen); Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen (Hjorthøj); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Bliksted, Mors); Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Skejby, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors)
| | - Ditte Ellersgaard
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health-CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen (Gregersen, Møllegaard, Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Ellersgaard, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Clemmensen, Nordentoft, Hemager); The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research-iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark (Gregersen, Møllegaard Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Gregersen, Søndergaard, Brandt, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen, Clemmensen, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen); Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen (Hjorthøj); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Bliksted, Mors); Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Skejby, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors)
| | - Carsten Hjorthøj
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health-CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen (Gregersen, Møllegaard, Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Ellersgaard, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Clemmensen, Nordentoft, Hemager); The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research-iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark (Gregersen, Møllegaard Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Gregersen, Søndergaard, Brandt, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen, Clemmensen, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen); Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen (Hjorthøj); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Bliksted, Mors); Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Skejby, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors)
| | - Jessica Ohland
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health-CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen (Gregersen, Møllegaard, Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Ellersgaard, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Clemmensen, Nordentoft, Hemager); The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research-iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark (Gregersen, Møllegaard Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Gregersen, Søndergaard, Brandt, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen, Clemmensen, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen); Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen (Hjorthøj); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Bliksted, Mors); Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Skejby, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors)
| | - Mette Falkenberg Krantz
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health-CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen (Gregersen, Møllegaard, Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Ellersgaard, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Clemmensen, Nordentoft, Hemager); The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research-iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark (Gregersen, Møllegaard Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Gregersen, Søndergaard, Brandt, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen, Clemmensen, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen); Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen (Hjorthøj); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Bliksted, Mors); Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Skejby, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors)
| | - Martin Wilms
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health-CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen (Gregersen, Møllegaard, Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Ellersgaard, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Clemmensen, Nordentoft, Hemager); The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research-iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark (Gregersen, Møllegaard Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Gregersen, Søndergaard, Brandt, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen, Clemmensen, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen); Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen (Hjorthøj); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Bliksted, Mors); Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Skejby, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors)
| | - Anna Krogh Andreassen
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health-CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen (Gregersen, Møllegaard, Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Ellersgaard, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Clemmensen, Nordentoft, Hemager); The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research-iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark (Gregersen, Møllegaard Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Gregersen, Søndergaard, Brandt, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen, Clemmensen, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen); Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen (Hjorthøj); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Bliksted, Mors); Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Skejby, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors)
| | - Lotte Veddum
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health-CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen (Gregersen, Møllegaard, Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Ellersgaard, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Clemmensen, Nordentoft, Hemager); The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research-iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark (Gregersen, Møllegaard Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Gregersen, Søndergaard, Brandt, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen, Clemmensen, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen); Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen (Hjorthøj); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Bliksted, Mors); Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Skejby, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors)
| | - Christina Bruun Knudsen
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health-CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen (Gregersen, Møllegaard, Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Ellersgaard, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Clemmensen, Nordentoft, Hemager); The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research-iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark (Gregersen, Møllegaard Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Gregersen, Søndergaard, Brandt, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen, Clemmensen, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen); Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen (Hjorthøj); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Bliksted, Mors); Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Skejby, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors)
| | - Aja Neergaard Greve
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health-CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen (Gregersen, Møllegaard, Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Ellersgaard, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Clemmensen, Nordentoft, Hemager); The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research-iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark (Gregersen, Møllegaard Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Gregersen, Søndergaard, Brandt, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen, Clemmensen, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen); Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen (Hjorthøj); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Bliksted, Mors); Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Skejby, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors)
| | - Vibeke Bliksted
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health-CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen (Gregersen, Møllegaard, Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Ellersgaard, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Clemmensen, Nordentoft, Hemager); The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research-iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark (Gregersen, Møllegaard Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Gregersen, Søndergaard, Brandt, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen, Clemmensen, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen); Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen (Hjorthøj); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Bliksted, Mors); Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Skejby, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors)
| | - Ole Mors
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health-CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen (Gregersen, Møllegaard, Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Ellersgaard, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Clemmensen, Nordentoft, Hemager); The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research-iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark (Gregersen, Møllegaard Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Gregersen, Søndergaard, Brandt, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen, Clemmensen, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen); Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen (Hjorthøj); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Bliksted, Mors); Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Skejby, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors)
| | - Lars Clemmensen
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health-CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen (Gregersen, Møllegaard, Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Ellersgaard, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Clemmensen, Nordentoft, Hemager); The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research-iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark (Gregersen, Møllegaard Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Gregersen, Søndergaard, Brandt, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen, Clemmensen, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen); Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen (Hjorthøj); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Bliksted, Mors); Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Skejby, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors)
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health-CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen (Gregersen, Møllegaard, Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Ellersgaard, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Clemmensen, Nordentoft, Hemager); The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research-iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark (Gregersen, Møllegaard Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Gregersen, Søndergaard, Brandt, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen, Clemmensen, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen); Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen (Hjorthøj); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Bliksted, Mors); Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Skejby, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors)
| | - Nicoline Hemager
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health-CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen (Gregersen, Møllegaard, Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Ellersgaard, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Clemmensen, Nordentoft, Hemager); The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research-iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark (Gregersen, Møllegaard Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Gregersen, Søndergaard, Brandt, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen, Clemmensen, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen); Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen (Hjorthøj); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Bliksted, Mors); Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Skejby, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors)
| | - Anne Amalie Elgaard Thorup
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health-CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen (Gregersen, Møllegaard, Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Ellersgaard, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Clemmensen, Nordentoft, Hemager); The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research-iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark (Gregersen, Møllegaard Jepsen, Rohd, Søndergaard, Brandt, Hjorthøj, Ohland, Krantz, Wilms, Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Gregersen, Søndergaard, Brandt, Nordentoft, Hemager, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen, Clemmensen, Thorup); Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen (Møllegaard, Jepsen); Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen (Hjorthøj); Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Bliksted, Mors); Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Skejby, Denmark (Andreassen, Veddum, Knudsen, Greve, Bliksted, Mors)
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11
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Spang KS, Hagstrøm J, Ellersgaard D, Christiani C, Hemager N, Burton BK, Greve AN, Rohr K, Gantriis D, Vangkilde S, Mors O, Nordentoft M, Obel C, Plessen KJ, Jepsen JRM, Thorup AAE. Emotion regulation in 7-year-old children with familial high risk for schizophrenia or bipolar disorder compared to controls - The Danish High Risk and Resilience Study - VIA 7, a population-based cohort study. Br J Clin Psychol 2022; 61:1103-1118. [PMID: 36029104 DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Emotion regulation is a predictor of overall life outcome. Problems of emotion regulation are associated with multiple psychiatric disorders and could be a potential treatment target for improving well-being and functioning. Children at familial high risk of severe mental illness have a markedly increased risk of various psychopathology and constitute a group at significant risk of emotion regulation problems. Investigations of emotion regulation in children at familial high risk of severe mental illness are sparse. METHODS We applied an instrument for assessing emotion regulation, the Tangram Emotion Coding Manual (TEC-M), to a population-based cohort of 522 7-year-old children born to parents diagnosed with either schizophrenia or bipolar disorder and matched controls. The TEC-M is an ecologically valid, clinician-rated observational test measure of spontaneous emotion regulation. We aimed to compare emotion regulation between risk groups and to investigate associations between emotion regulation and psychopathology and daily life functioning, and between emotion regulation and an acknowledged questionnaire-based dysregulation profile. RESULTS In this early developmental phase, we found no between group differences in emotion regulation. We found a significant but weak negative association between emotion regulation and both child psychopathology and the presence of a dysregulation profile on the Child Behavior Checklist and a weak positive association between emotion regulation and current level of functioning. CONCLUSIONS These findings contribute to the understanding of emotion regulation in familial high-risk children and further studies of emotion regulation in children at familial high risk of severe mental illness are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrine Søborg Spang
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Julie Hagstrøm
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ditte Ellersgaard
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark.,Mental Health Services - Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla Christiani
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Mental Health Services - Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicoline Hemager
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark.,Mental Health Services - Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Klee Burton
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Aja Neergaard Greve
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark.,Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kirsten Rohr
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ditte Gantriis
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark.,Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Signe Vangkilde
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Psychology, Center for Visual Cognition, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole Mors
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark.,Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Mental Health Services - Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carsten Obel
- Department of Public Health, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kerstin Jessica Plessen
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jens Richardt Møllegaard Jepsen
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark.,Mental Health Services - Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Mental Health Services - Capital Region of Denmark, Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS) and Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR), Mental health Center Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne A E Thorup
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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12
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Jefsen OH, Nudel R, Wang Y, Bybjerg-Grauholm J, Hemager N, Christiani CAJ, Burton BK, Spang KS, Ellersgaard D, Gantriis DL, Plessen KJ, Jepsen JRM, Thorup AAE, Werge T, Nordentoft M, Mors O, Greve AN. Genetic assortative mating for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Eur Psychiatry 2022; 65:e53. [PMID: 35996886 PMCID: PMC9491077 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.2304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychiatric disorders are highly polygenic and show patterns of partner resemblance. Partner resemblance has direct population-level genetic implications if it is caused by assortative mating, but not if it is caused by convergence or social homogamy. Using genetics may help distinguish these different mechanisms. Here, we investigated whether partner resemblance for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder is influenced by assortative mating using polygenic risk scores (PRSs). METHODS PRSs from The Danish High-Risk and Resilience Study-VIA 7 were compared between parents in three subsamples: population-based control parent pairs (N=198), parent pairs where at least one parent had schizophrenia (N=193), and parent pairs where at least one parent had bipolar disorder (N=115). RESULTS The PRS for schizophrenia was predictive of schizophrenia in the full sample and showed a significant correlation between parent pairs (r=0.121, p=0.0440), indicative of assortative mating. The PRS for bipolar disorder was also correlated between parent pairs (r=0.162, p=0.0067), but it was not predictive of bipolar disorder in the full sample, limiting the interpretation. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides genetic evidence for assortative mating for schizophrenia, with important implications for our understanding of the genetics of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Hougaard Jefsen
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Central Denmark Region, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ron Nudel
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
- CORE – Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- Centre for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jonas Bybjerg-Grauholm
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicoline Hemager
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
- CORE – Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre – Research Unit, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla A. J. Christiani
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
- CORE – Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte K. Burton
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre – Research Unit, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katrine S. Spang
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre – Research Unit, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ditte Ellersgaard
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
- CORE – Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ditte L. Gantriis
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Central Denmark Region, Aarhus, Denmark
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kerstin Jessica Plessen
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre – Research Unit, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Lausanne and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jens Richardt M. Jepsen
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
- CORE – Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre – Research Unit, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Anne A. E. Thorup
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre – Research Unit, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Werge
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
- CORE – Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole Mors
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Central Denmark Region, Aarhus, Denmark
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Aja Neergaard Greve
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Central Denmark Region, Aarhus, Denmark
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
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13
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Knudsen CB, Hemager N, Greve AN, Lambek R, Andreassen AK, Veddum L, Brandt JM, Gregersen M, Krantz MF, Søndergaard A, Steffensen NL, Birk M, Stadsgaard HB, Ohland J, Burton BK, Jepsen JRM, Thorup AAE, Nordentoft M, Mors O, Bliksted VF. Neurocognitive Development in Children at Familial High Risk of Schizophrenia or Bipolar Disorder. JAMA Psychiatry 2022; 79:589-599. [PMID: 35385060 PMCID: PMC8988021 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.0465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Neurocognitive impairments exist in children at familial high risk (FHR) of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Studies on preadolescent developmental courses of neurocognition are important to describe shared and distinct neurodevelopmental pathways in these groups. OBJECTIVE To assess the development in specific neurocognitive functions from age 7 to 11 years in children at FHR of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder compared with children in a population-based control (PBC) group. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The Danish High Risk and Resilience Study is a prospective, longitudinal, cohort study that collected data from January 1, 2013, to January 31, 2016 (phase 1), and from March 1, 2017, to June 30, 2020 (phase 2). Data were collected at 2 university hospitals in Denmark, and participants included 520 children at FHR of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder along with a PBC group matched with the group of children at FHR of schizophrenia by age, sex, and municipality. EXPOSURES Parental schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or neither. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Neurocognitive functioning was assessed with validated tests of intelligence, processing speed, attention, memory, verbal fluency, and executive functioning. Multilevel mixed-effects linear regression models with maximum likelihood estimation were used to estimate neurocognitive development from age 7 to 11 years. RESULTS At 4-year follow-up, a total of 451 children (mean [SD] age; 11.9 [0.2] years; 208 girls [46.1%]) underwent neurocognitive testing. There were a total of 170 children at FHR of schizophrenia (mean [SD] age, 12.0 [0.3]; 81 girls [47.7%]), 103 children at FHR of bipolar disorder (mean [SD] age, 11.9 [0.2] years; 45 girls [43.7%]), and 178 children in the PBC group (mean [SD] age, 11.9 [0.2] years; 82 girls [46.1%]). At either age 7 or 11 years or at both assessments, 520 children participated in the neurocognitive assessment and were therefore included in the analyses. When correcting for multiple comparisons, no statistically significant time × group interactions were observed across the 3 groups. Compared with the PBC group at 4-year follow-up, children at FHR of schizophrenia showed significant neurocognitive impairment in 7 of 24 neurocognitive measures (29.2%; Cohen d range, 0.29-0.37). Compared with children at FHR of bipolar disorder, children at FHR of schizophrenia had significant neurocognitive impairment in 5 of 24 measures (20.8%; Cohen d range, 0.29-0.38). Children at FHR of bipolar disorder and those in the PBC group did not differ significantly. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this cohort study, findings suggest that neurocognitive maturation was comparable across groups of children at FHR of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder compared with PBCs from age 7 to 11 years. Compared with the PBC group, children at FHR of schizophrenia demonstrated widespread, stable, neurocognitive impairments during this period, whereas children at FHR of bipolar disorder showed no neurocognitive impairments, which may indicate distinct neurodevelopmental pathways in children at FHR of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Bruun Knudsen
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital–Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research–iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nicoline Hemager
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research–iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark,Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital–Mental Health Services, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Aja Neergaard Greve
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital–Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research–iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rikke Lambek
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anna Krogh Andreassen
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital–Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research–iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lotte Veddum
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital–Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research–iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Julie Marie Brandt
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research–iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark,Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maja Gregersen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research–iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark,Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Falkenberg Krantz
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research–iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark,Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital–Mental Health Services, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Søndergaard
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research–iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark,Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nanna Lawaetz Steffensen
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital–Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research–iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Merete Birk
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital–Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research–iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Jessica Ohland
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research–iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark,Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Klee Burton
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital–Mental Health Services, Copenhagen, Denmark,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Richardt Møllegaard Jepsen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research–iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark,Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital–Mental Health Services, Copenhagen, Denmark,Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Center, Glostrup, Copenhagen University Hospital–Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Amalie Elgaard Thorup
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research–iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark,Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital–Mental Health Services, Copenhagen, Denmark,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research–iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark,Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole Mors
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital–Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research–iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Vibeke Fuglsang Bliksted
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital–Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research–iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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14
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Hemager N, Christiani CJ, Thorup AAE, Spang KS, Ellersgaard D, Burton BK, Gregersen M, Greve AN, Wang Y, Nudel R, Mors O, Plessen KJ, Nordentoft M, Jepsen JRM. Neurocognitive heterogeneity in 7-year-old children at familial high risk of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder: The Danish high risk and resilience study - VIA 7. J Affect Disord 2022; 302:214-223. [PMID: 35085674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.01.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies of neurocognitive heterogeneity in young children at familial high-risk of bipolar disorder (FHR-BP) or schizophrenia (FHR-SZ) are important to investigate inter-individual neurocognitive differences. We aimed to identify neurocognitive subgroups, describe prevalence of FHR-BP or FHR-SZ children herein, and examine risk ratios (RR) compared with controls. METHODS In a population-based cohort of 514 7-year-old children (197 FHR-SZ, 118 FHR-BP, and 199 matched controls) we used hierarchical cluster analyses to identify subgroups across 14 neurocognitive indices. RESULTS Three neurocognitive subgroups were derived: A Mildly Impaired (30%), Typical (51%), and Above Average subgroup (19%). The Mildly Impaired subgroup significantly underperformed controls (Cohen d = 0.11-1.45; Ps < 0.001) except in set-shifting (P = .84). FHR-SZ children were significantly more prevalent in the Mildly Impaired subgroup; FHR-BP children were more so in the Above Average subgroup (X2 (2, N = 315) = 9.64, P < .01). 79.7% FHR-BP and 64.6% FHR-SZ children demonstrated typical or above average neurocognitive functions. Neurocognitive heterogeneity related significantly to concurrent functioning, psychopathology severity, home environment adequacy, and polygenic scores for schizophrenia (Ps <. 01). Compared with controls, FHR-SZ and FHR-BP children had a 93% (RR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.40-2.64) and 8% (RR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.71-1.66) increased risk of Mildly Impaired subgroup membership. LIMITATIONS Limitations include the cross-sectional design and smaller FHR-BP sample size. CONCLUSIONS Identification of neurocognitive heterogeneity in preadolescent children at FHR-BP or FHR-SZ may ease stigma and enable pre-emptive interventions to enhance neurocognitive functioning and resilience to mental illness in the impaired sub-population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoline Hemager
- Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Gentoftevej 15, 4th floor, Copenhagen, Hellerup 2900, Denmark; Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Camilla Jerlang Christiani
- Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Gentoftevej 15, 4th floor, Copenhagen, Hellerup 2900, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anne Amalie Elgaard Thorup
- Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Gentoftevej 15, 4th floor, Copenhagen, Hellerup 2900, Denmark; Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katrine Søborg Spang
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ditte Ellersgaard
- Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Gentoftevej 15, 4th floor, Copenhagen, Hellerup 2900, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Klee Burton
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Maja Gregersen
- Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Gentoftevej 15, 4th floor, Copenhagen, Hellerup 2900, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Aja Neergaard Greve
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark; Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ron Nudel
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark; Mental Health Center Sct. Hans, Mental Health Services, Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Capital Region of Denmark, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Ole Mors
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark; Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kerstin Jessica Plessen
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark; Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Gentoftevej 15, 4th floor, Copenhagen, Hellerup 2900, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Richardt Møllegaard Jepsen
- Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Gentoftevej 15, 4th floor, Copenhagen, Hellerup 2900, Denmark; Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark; Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
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15
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Thorup AAE, Gantriis DL, Greve AN, Henriksen MT, Zahle KK, Stadsgaard H, Ellersgaard D, Burton BK, Christiani CJ, Spang K, Hemager N, Jepsen JRM, Plessen KJ, Nordentoft M, Mors O, Bliksted V. Exploring protective and risk factors in the home environment in high-risk families - results from the Danish High Risk and Resilience Study-VIA 7. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:100. [PMID: 35139818 PMCID: PMC8827286 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-03733-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to inadequate home environment may put the healthy development of familial high-risk children at risk. This study aimed to investigate associations between risk factors and an adequate home environment of children having a parent diagnosed with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. METHODS From a cohort of 522 children, data from 463 7-year-old children was included. Of these 172 children had familial risk for schizophrenia, 109 children had familial risk for bipolar disorder, and 190 were population-based controls. As part of a comprehensive battery, all participants were assessed with the Middle Childhood-Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment Inventory (MC-HOME Inventory) measuring the quality of the home environment. RESULTS When analyzing all families together, we found that having a parent diagnosed with schizophrenia would have a negative impact on the home environment (ß = -1.08; 95% CI (-2.16;-0.01); p = 0.05), while familial risk for bipolar disorder did not show significant predictive value. Being a single caregiver and child having experienced severe life events from ages 4 to 7 showed significant negative impact, while child having a mental illness diagnosis did not. Being a female caregiver, good social functioning of the caregiver, high child IQ and not being a single caregiver were found to predict positive values for the home environment. We found similar results when analyzing caregivers with and without a diagnosis separately. CONCLUSIONS Knowledge of what predicts good home environment should be used to inform development of early interventions for families at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Amalie Elgaard Thorup
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark. .,Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Ditte Lou Gantriis
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Aja Neergaard Greve
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Maria Toft Henriksen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kate Kold Zahle
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henriette Stadsgaard
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ditte Ellersgaard
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,Centre for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research & Centre for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Klee Burton
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla Jerlang Christiani
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,CORE Copenhagen Research Unit, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katrine Spang
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,CORE Copenhagen Research Unit, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicoline Hemager
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,CORE Copenhagen Research Unit, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Richardt Møllegaard Jepsen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Centre for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research & Centre for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,CORE Copenhagen Research Unit, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kerstin J Plessen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,CORE Copenhagen Research Unit, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole Mors
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Vibeke Bliksted
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark
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16
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Thorup AAE, Hemager N, Bliksted VF, Greve AN, Ohland J, Wilms M, Rohd SB, Birk M, Bundgaard AF, Laursen AF, Jefsen OH, Steffensen NL, Andreassen AK, Veddum L, Knudsen CB, Enevoldsen M, Nymand M, Brandt JM, Søndergaard A, Carmichael L, Gregersen M, Krantz MF, Burton BK, Dietz M, Nudel R, Johnsen LK, Larsen KM, Meder D, Hulme OJ, Baaré WFC, Madsen KS, Lund TE, Østergaard L, Juul A, Kjær TW, Hjorthøj C, Siebner HR, Mors O, Nordentoft M. The Danish High-Risk and Resilience Study-VIA 15 - A Study Protocol for the Third Clinical Assessment of a Cohort of 522 Children Born to Parents Diagnosed With Schizophrenia or Bipolar Disorder and Population-Based Controls. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:809807. [PMID: 35444571 PMCID: PMC9013818 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.809807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children born to parents with severe mental illness have gained more attention during the last decades because of increasing evidence documenting that these children constitute a population with an increased risk of developing mental illness and other negative life outcomes. Because of high-quality research with cohorts of offspring with familial risk and increased knowledge about gene-environment interactions, early interventions and preventive strategies are now being developed all over the world. Adolescence is a period characterized by massive changes, both in terms of physical, neurologic, psychological, social, and behavioral aspects. It is also the period of life with the highest risk of experiencing onset of a mental disorder. Therefore, investigating the impact of various risk and resilience factors in adolescence is important. METHODS The Danish High-Risk and Resilience Study started data collection in 2012, where 522 7-year-old children were enrolled in the first wave of the study, the VIA 7 study. The cohort was identified through Danish registers based on diagnoses of the parents. A total of 202 children had a parent diagnosed with schizophrenia, 120 children had a parent diagnosed with bipolar disorder, and 200 children had parents without these diagnoses. At age 11 years, all children were assessed for the second time in the VIA 11 study, with a follow-up retention rate of 89%. A comprehensive assessment battery covering domains of psychopathology, neurocognition, social cognition and behavior, motor development and physical health, genetic analyses, attachment, stress, parental functioning, and home environment was carried out at each wave. Magnetic resonance imaging scans of the brain and electroencephalograms were included from age 11 years. This study protocol describes the third wave of assessment, the VIA 15 study, participants being 15 years of age and the full, 3-day-long assessment battery this time including also risk behavior, magnetoencephalography, sleep, and a white noise paradigm. Data collection started on May 1, 2021. DISCUSSION We will discuss the importance of longitudinal studies and cross-sectional data collection and how studies like this may inform us about unmet needs and windows of opportunity for future preventive interventions, early illness identification, and treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Amalie Elgaard Thorup
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services, Capital Region Psychiatry, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nicoline Hemager
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,Research Unit CORE, Mental Health Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services, Capital Region Psychiatry, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vibeke Fuglsang Bliksted
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Services, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,The Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Aja Neergaard Greve
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Services, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,The Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jessica Ohland
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,Research Unit CORE, Mental Health Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services, Capital Region Psychiatry, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Wilms
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,Research Unit CORE, Mental Health Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services, Capital Region Psychiatry, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sinnika Birkehøj Rohd
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,Research Unit CORE, Mental Health Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services, Capital Region Psychiatry, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Merete Birk
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,The Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anette Faurskov Bundgaard
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,The Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Andreas Færgemand Laursen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,The Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Oskar Hougaard Jefsen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,The Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nanna Lawaetz Steffensen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,The Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anna Krogh Andreassen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Services, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,The Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lotte Veddum
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Services, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,The Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christina Bruun Knudsen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Services, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,The Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mette Enevoldsen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,Research Unit CORE, Mental Health Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services, Capital Region Psychiatry, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie Nymand
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,Research Unit CORE, Mental Health Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services, Capital Region Psychiatry, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Julie Marie Brandt
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,Research Unit CORE, Mental Health Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services, Capital Region Psychiatry, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Søndergaard
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,Research Unit CORE, Mental Health Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services, Capital Region Psychiatry, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Line Carmichael
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,Research Unit CORE, Mental Health Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services, Capital Region Psychiatry, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maja Gregersen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,Research Unit CORE, Mental Health Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services, Capital Region Psychiatry, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Falkenberg Krantz
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services, Capital Region Psychiatry, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Klee Burton
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services, Capital Region Psychiatry, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Martin Dietz
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ron Nudel
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,Research Unit CORE, Mental Health Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services, Capital Region Psychiatry, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Line Korsgaard Johnsen
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services, Capital Region Psychiatry, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kit Melissa Larsen
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services, Capital Region Psychiatry, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Meder
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oliver James Hulme
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - William Frans Christiaan Baaré
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kathrine Skak Madsen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Radiography, Department of Technology, University College Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Ellegaard Lund
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Leif Østergaard
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Juul
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Section 5064, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Carsten Hjorthøj
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Research Unit CORE, Mental Health Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services, Capital Region Psychiatry, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hartwig Roman Siebner
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Neurology, Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole Mors
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Services, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,The Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,Research Unit CORE, Mental Health Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services, Capital Region Psychiatry, Copenhagen, Denmark
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17
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Spang KS, Ellersgaard D, Hemager N, Christiani CJ, Burton BK, Greve AN, Gantriis D, Ohland J, Pedersen MG, Mors O, Nordentoft M, Plessen KJ, Obel C, Jepsen JRM, Thorup AAE. Executive functions in 7-year-old children of parents with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder compared with controls: The Danish High Risk and Resilience Study-VIA 7, a population-based cohort study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2021; 30:1871-1884. [PMID: 33025076 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-020-01650-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive impairments are strongly associated with schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BP) with executive functions (EF) impairments as a likely key feature. Studies of everyday behavior rated EF in young children at familial high risk of SZ (FHR-SZ) are scarce and, to our knowledge, non-existent in young children at familial high risk of BP (FHR-BP). We aimed to compare everyday behavior-rated EF of FHR-SZ, FHR-BP, and control children. A nationwide population-based cohort of 522 7-year-old children with parents diagnosed with either SZ (N = 202) or BP (N = 120) and matched controls (N = 200) were recruited using the Danish national registries. The children's EF were assessed with the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functions questionnaire rated by primary caregivers and teachers. According to primary caregiver assessments, FHR-SZ children displayed widespread EF impairments and had an odds ratio of 3.7 (2.0-6.9) of having clinically significant global EF impairments compared to controls. FHR-BP children were most severely impaired regarding EF related to emotional control and had an odds ratio of 2.5 (1.2-5.1) of clinically significant global EF impairments compared to controls. Teacher assessments were overall comparable to primary caregiver assessments but teachers rated more difficulties in the FHR-SZ group than primary caregivers. Already at age 7, children with a parental history of SZ or BP displayed significant impairments of EF in everyday-life situations. FHR-SZ children displayed widespread significant impairments of EF, whereas FHR-BP children were most severely impaired on emotional control. Clinicians should be aware of potential EF impairments in FHR children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrine Søborg Spang
- Mental Health Centre for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry - Research Unit, Mental Health Services Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark. .,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Ditte Ellersgaard
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health - Core, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicoline Hemager
- Mental Health Centre for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry - Research Unit, Mental Health Services Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla Jerlang Christiani
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health - Core, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Klee Burton
- Mental Health Centre for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry - Research Unit, Mental Health Services Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Aja Neergaard Greve
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,Psychosis Research Unit, Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health - Core, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Palle Juul-Jensens Blv. 175, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Ditte Gantriis
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,Psychosis Research Unit, Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health - Core, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Palle Juul-Jensens Blv. 175, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Jessica Ohland
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health - Core, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marianne Giørtz Pedersen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Economics and Business Economics, National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Centre for Integrated Register-based Research, CIRRAU, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ole Mors
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,Psychosis Research Unit, Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health - Core, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Palle Juul-Jensens Blv. 175, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health - Core, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kerstin J Plessen
- Mental Health Centre for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry - Research Unit, Mental Health Services Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carsten Obel
- Department of Public Health, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens Richardt Møllegaard Jepsen
- Mental Health Centre for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry - Research Unit, Mental Health Services Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health - Core, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Centre for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research & Centre for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Services - Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Anne A E Thorup
- Mental Health Centre for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry - Research Unit, Mental Health Services Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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18
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Greve AN, Uher R, Als TD, Jepsen JRM, Mortensen EL, Gantriis DL, Ohland J, Burton BK, Ellersgaard D, Christiani CJ, Spang KS, Hemager N, Plessen KJ, Thorup AAE, Bliksted V, Nordentoft M, Mors O. A Nationwide Cohort Study of Nonrandom Mating in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder. Schizophr Bull 2021; 47:1342-1350. [PMID: 33772315 PMCID: PMC8379547 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbab021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Nonrandom mating in parents with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder increases the population-level genetic variance among the offspring generation and creates familial (risk) environments likely to be shaped by specific conditions. The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of mental disorder and levels of cognitive and social functioning in individuals who have children by partners with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder compared to controls. The Danish High Risk and Resilience Study VIA 7 is a population-based cohort study conducted in Denmark between 2013 and 2016. This study focus on parents diagnosed with schizophrenia (n = 150) or bipolar disorder (n = 100) and control parents (n = 182), as well as their partners without schizophrenia or bipolar disorder (n = 440). We used linear mixed-effect models, and main outcomes were mental disorders, intelligence, processing speed, verbal working memory, and social functioning. We found that parents having children by a partner with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder more often fulfilled the criteria for a mental disorder and had poorer social functioning compared to parents having children by a partner without schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. Furthermore, parents having children by a partner with schizophrenia performed poorer on processing speed compared to parents in the control group. The presence of nonrandom mating found in this study has implications for our understanding of familial transmission of these disorders and our findings should be considered in future investigations of potential risk factors for children with a parent with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aja Neergaard Greve
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital—Psychiatry, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 175, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark,To whom correspondence should be addressed; tel: +45 6179 7035, e-mail:
| | - Rudolf Uher
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, 5909 Veterans’ Memorial Lane, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Thomas Damm Als
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jens Richardt Møllegaard Jepsen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark,Centre for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Centre for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, Copenhagen University Hospital, Ndr. Ringvej 29–67, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark,Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health (CORE), Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Kildegaardsvej 28, Building 15, 4th, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark,Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte Hospitalsvej nr 3A, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Erik Lykke Mortensen
- Department of Public Health and Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Oester Farimagsgade 5, 1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Ditte Lou Gantriis
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital—Psychiatry, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 175, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jessica Ohland
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark,Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health (CORE), Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Kildegaardsvej 28, Building 15, 4th, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Klee Burton
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark,Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte Hospitalsvej nr 3A, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Ditte Ellersgaard
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark,Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health (CORE), Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Kildegaardsvej 28, Building 15, 4th, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Camilla Jerlang Christiani
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark,Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health (CORE), Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Kildegaardsvej 28, Building 15, 4th, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Katrine S Spang
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark,Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte Hospitalsvej nr 3A, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Nicoline Hemager
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark,Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health (CORE), Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Kildegaardsvej 28, Building 15, 4th, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark,Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte Hospitalsvej nr 3A, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Kerstin J Plessen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark,Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte Hospitalsvej nr 3A, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark,Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anne A E Thorup
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark,Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte Hospitalsvej nr 3A, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Vibeke Bliksted
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital—Psychiatry, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 175, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 82, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark,Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health (CORE), Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Kildegaardsvej 28, Building 15, 4th, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Ole Mors
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital—Psychiatry, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 175, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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19
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Hemager N, Jepsen JRM, Thorup A, Christiani C, Ellersgaard D, Spang KS, Burton BK, Gregersen M, Søndergaard A, Greve AN, Gantriis DL, Mors O, Nordentoft M, Plessen KJ. Decision making and its associations to neurocognitive functions, psychopathology, and the home environment in seven-year-old children at familial high risk of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder: The Danish High Risk and Resilience Study VIA 7. J Affect Disord 2021; 281:609-617. [PMID: 33257040 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Slower and suboptimal decision making has been identified in adults with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Owing to the limited evidence on decision making in first-degree relatives, we aimed to investigate, whether alterations in decision making are present in young children at familial high risk of bipolar disorder or schizophrenia. METHODS In this population-based cohort study we assessed decision making in 197 children at familial high risk of schizophrenia (FHR-SZ), 115 children at familial high risk of bipolar disorder (FHR-BP), and 190 controls aged seven using the Cambridge Gambling Task. Potential associations to neurocognition, psychopathology, and the home environment were investigated. RESULTS Children at FHR-SZ or FHR-BP displayed intact decision making. Quality of decision making showed significant but weak cross-sectional associations to neurocognition and adequacy of the home environment. Associations to aspects of executive functions and the home environment differed across groups. LIMITATIONS Due to the cross-sectional nature of this study, the predictive value of efficient and inefficient decision making remains to be investigated in planned follow-up studies of this cohort. CONCLUSIONS Young children at FHR-SZ or FHR-BP do not differ from controls in decision making efficacy, which does not appear to be an early risk marker of bipolar disorder or schizophrenia. Decision making is weakly associated to neurocognition and the home environment, but not to general intelligence or psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoline Hemager
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Jens Richardt Møllegaard Jepsen
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark; Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Thorup
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla Christiani
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ditte Ellersgaard
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Katrine Søborg Spang
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Klee Burton
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Maja Gregersen
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anne Søndergaard
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Aja Neergaard Greve
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark; Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ditte Lou Gantriis
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark; Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ole Mors
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark; Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kerstin J Plessen
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark; Service of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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20
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Hemager N, Vangkilde S, Thorup A, Christiani C, Ellersgaard D, Spang KS, Burton BK, Greve AN, Gantriis DL, Mors O, Jepsen JRM, Nordentoft M, Plessen KJ. Visual attention in 7-year-old children at familial high risk of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder: The Danish high risk and resilience study VIA 7. J Affect Disord 2019; 258:56-65. [PMID: 31394459 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.07.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention deficits are found in children at familial high risk of schizophrenia (FHR-SZ) and bipolar disorder (FHR-BP) using assessment methods relying on motor-based response latency. This study compares visual attention functions in children at FHR-SZ or FHR-BP with controls using an unspeeded task unconfounded by motor components. METHODS Visual attention was assessed in 133 7-year-old children at FHR-SZ (N = 56) or FHR-BP (N = 32), and controls (N = 45) using the unspeeded paradigm, TVA-based whole report. We compared four parameters of visual attention: visual processing speed, visual short-term memory, threshold for visual perception, and error rate. Further, we investigated their potential relationships with severity of psychopathology, adequacy of the home environment, and neurocognitive measures. RESULTS Children at FHR-SZ displayed significant deficits in perceptual processing speed of visual attention compared with controls (p < .001; d = 0.75) as did children at FHR-BP (p < .05; d = 0.54). Visual processing speed was significantly associated with spatial working memory (β = -0.23; t(68) = -3.34, p = .01) and psychomotor processing speed (β = 0.14, t(67) = 2.11, p < .05). LIMITATIONS Larger group sizes would have permitted inclusion of more predictors in the search for neurocognitive and other factors associated with the parameters of TVA-based whole report. CONCLUSIONS Young children at FHR-SZ and FHR-BP display significant deficits in processing speed of visual attention, which may reflect the effect of shared vulnerability risk genes. Early identification of children at FHR-SZ and FHR-BP with perceptual processing speed impairments may represent a low-cost basis for low-risk interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoline Hemager
- Mental Health Services of the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Research Unit, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 15, 4th Floor, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark; Mental Health Services of the Capital Region of Denmark, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Research Unit Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Denmark.
| | - Signe Vangkilde
- Mental Health Services of the Capital Region of Denmark, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Research Unit Denmark; Department of Psychology, Center for Visual Cognition, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Thorup
- Mental Health Services of the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Research Unit, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 15, 4th Floor, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Denmark
| | - Camilla Christiani
- Mental Health Services of the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Research Unit, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 15, 4th Floor, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Denmark
| | - Ditte Ellersgaard
- Mental Health Services of the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Research Unit, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 15, 4th Floor, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Denmark
| | - Katrine Søborg Spang
- Mental Health Services of the Capital Region of Denmark, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Research Unit Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Klee Burton
- Mental Health Services of the Capital Region of Denmark, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Research Unit Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Denmark
| | - Aja Neergaard Greve
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Denmark; Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Ditte Lou Gantriis
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Denmark; Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Ole Mors
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Denmark; Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Jens Richardt Møllegaard Jepsen
- Mental Health Services of the Capital Region of Denmark, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Research Unit Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Denmark; Mental Health Services of the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Denmark
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- Mental Health Services of the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Research Unit, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 15, 4th Floor, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kerstin Jessica Plessen
- Mental Health Services of the Capital Region of Denmark, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Research Unit Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Denmark; Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Lausanne, Switzerland
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21
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Gantriis DL, Thorup AAE, Harder S, Greve AN, Henriksen MT, Zahle KK, Stadsgaard H, Ellersgaard D, Burton BK, Christiani CJ, Spang K, Hemager N, Uddin MJ, Jepsen JRM, Plessen KJ, Nordentoft M, Mors O, Bliksted V. Home visits in the Danish High Risk and Resilience Study - VIA 7: assessment of the home environment of 508 7-year-old children born to parents diagnosed with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2019; 140:126-134. [PMID: 31155701 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The home environment provided by the caregivers of a child is an influential single factor for development and well-being. We aimed to compare the quality of the home environment of children at familial high risk of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder with population-based controls. METHODS Danish nationwide registers were used to retrieve a cohort of 522 7-year-old children of parents diagnosed with schizophrenia (N = 202), bipolar disorder (N = 120) or none of these diagnoses (N = 200). The home environment was assessed using the Middle Childhood-Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment Inventory (MC-HOME Inventory). RESULTS The proportion of children living in home environments that were evaluated not to meet the needs of a 7-year-old child was significantly larger in the two familial high-risk groups. This was true for 21% of the children with familial predisposition for schizophrenia and 7% of children with familial disposition for bipolar disorder. CONCLUSION Children born to parents diagnosed with schizophrenia and to a lesser extent bipolar disorder are at an increased risk of growing up in a home environment with an insufficient level of stimulation and support. Identifying families with inadequate home environments is a necessary step towards specialized help and support to at-risk families.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Gantriis
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark.,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - A A E Thorup
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark.,Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Mental Health Services, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Harder
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A N Greve
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark.,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - M T Henriksen
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark.,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - K K Zahle
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark.,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - H Stadsgaard
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark.,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - D Ellersgaard
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark.,Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - B K Burton
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark.,Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Mental Health Services, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C J Christiani
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark.,Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K Spang
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark.,Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - N Hemager
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark.,Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Mental Health Services, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Md J Uddin
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J R M Jepsen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark.,Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Mental Health Services, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Centre for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research & Centre for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K J Plessen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark.,Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Mental Health Services, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Service of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Nordentoft
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark.,Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - O Mors
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark.,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - V Bliksted
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark.,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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22
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Plana-Ripoll O, Pedersen CB, Holtz Y, Benros ME, Dalsgaard S, de Jonge P, Fan CC, Degenhardt L, Ganna A, Greve AN, Gunn J, Iburg KM, Kessing LV, Lee BK, Lim CCW, Mors O, Nordentoft M, Prior A, Roest AM, Saha S, Schork A, Scott JG, Scott KM, Stedman T, Sørensen HJ, Werge T, Whiteford HA, Laursen TM, Agerbo E, Kessler RC, Mortensen PB, McGrath JJ. Exploring Comorbidity Within Mental Disorders Among a Danish National Population. JAMA Psychiatry 2019; 76:259-270. [PMID: 30649197 PMCID: PMC6439836 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.3658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Individuals with mental disorders often develop comorbidity over time. Past studies of comorbidity have often restricted analyses to a subset of disorders and few studies have provided absolute risks of later comorbidity. OBJECTIVES To undertake a comprehensive study of comorbidity within mental disorders, by providing temporally ordered age- and sex-specific pairwise estimates between the major groups of mental disorders, and to develop an interactive website to visualize all results and guide future research and clinical practice. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This population-based cohort study included all individuals born in Denmark between January 1, 1900, and December 31, 2015, and living in the country between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2016. The analyses were conducted between June 2017 and May 2018. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Danish health registers were used to identify mental disorders, which were examined within the broad 10-level International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision, subchapter groups (eg, codes F00-F09 and F10-F19). For each temporally ordered pair of disorders, overall and lagged hazard ratios and 95% CIs were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression models. Absolute risks were estimated using competing risks survival analyses. Estimates for each sex were generated. RESULTS A total of 5 940 778 persons were included in this study (2 958 293 men and 2 982 485 women; mean [SD] age at beginning of follow-up, 32.1 [25.4] years). They were followed up for 83.9 million person-years. All mental disorders were associated with an increased risk of all other mental disorders when adjusting for sex, age, and calendar time (hazard ratios ranging from 2.0 [95% CI, 1.7-2.4] for prior intellectual disabilities and later eating disorders to 48.6 [95% CI, 46.6-50.7] for prior developmental disorders and later intellectual disabilities). The hazard ratios were temporally patterned, with higher estimates during the first year after the onset of the first disorder, but with persistently elevated rates during the entire observation period. Some disorders were associated with substantial absolute risks of developing specific later disorders (eg, 30.6% [95% CI, 29.3%-32.0%] of men and 38.4% [95% CI, 37.5%-39.4%] of women with a diagnosis of mood disorders before age 20 years developed neurotic disorders within the following 5 years). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Comorbidity within mental disorders is pervasive, and the risk persists over time. This study provides disorder-, sex-, and age-specific relative and absolute risks of the comorbidity of mental disorders. Web-based interactive data visualization tools are provided for clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleguer Plana-Ripoll
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Carsten Bøcker Pedersen
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Copenhagen, Denmark,Centre for Integrated Register-based Research at Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Yan Holtz
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael E. Benros
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Copenhagen, Denmark,Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Dalsgaard
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter de Jonge
- Developmental Psychology, Department of Psychology, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands,Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Chun Chieh Fan
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla,Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Louisa Degenhardt
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrea Ganna
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts,Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Aja Neergaard Greve
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Copenhagen, Denmark,Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Risskov, Risskov, Denmark
| | - Jane Gunn
- Department of General Practice, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Lars Vedel Kessing
- Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Centre, Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brian K. Lee
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Carmen C. W. Lim
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia,Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ole Mors
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Copenhagen, Denmark,Psychosis Research Unit, Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Copenhagen, Denmark,Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Prior
- Research Unit for General Practice, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Annelieke M. Roest
- Developmental Psychology, Department of Psychology, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands,Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sukanta Saha
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia,Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew Schork
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Copenhagen, Denmark,Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Copenhagen Mental Health Services, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - James G. Scott
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Queensland, Australia,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia,Metro North Mental Health, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kate M. Scott
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Terry Stedman
- West Moreton Division of Mental Health and Specialised Services, Archerfield, Queensland, Australia
| | - Holger J. Sørensen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Copenhagen, Denmark,Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark,Faculty of Health Sciences, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Werge
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Copenhagen, Denmark,Institute of Biological Psychiatry, MHC Sct. Hans, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Roskilde, Denmark,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Harvey A. Whiteford
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Queensland, Australia,School of Public Health, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Thomas Munk Laursen
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Esben Agerbo
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Copenhagen, Denmark,Centre for Integrated Register-based Research at Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ronald C. Kessler
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Preben Bo Mortensen
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Copenhagen, Denmark,Centre for Integrated Register-based Research at Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - John J. McGrath
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark,Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia,Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Queensland, Australia
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23
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Hemager N, Plessen KJ, Thorup A, Christiani C, Ellersgaard D, Spang KS, Burton BK, Gregersen M, Søndergaard A, Greve AN, Gantriis DL, Poulsen G, Seidman LJ, Mors O, Nordentoft M, Jepsen JRM. Assessment of Neurocognitive Functions in 7-Year-Old Children at Familial High Risk for Schizophrenia or Bipolar Disorder: The Danish High Risk and Resilience Study VIA 7. JAMA Psychiatry 2018; 75:844-852. [PMID: 29926086 PMCID: PMC6143091 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.1415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Children at familial high risk of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (FHR-SZ) or bipolar disorder (FHR-BP) exhibit neurocognitive impairments. Large studies of neurocognition in young children at familial high risk at the same age are important to differentiate the pathophysiology and developmental trajectory of these 2 groups. OBJECTIVE To characterize neurocognitive functions in 7-year-old children with FHR-SZ or FHR-BP and a control population. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This multisite population-based cohort study collected data from January 1, 2013, to January 31, 2016, in the first wave of the Danish High Risk and Resilience Study VIA 7 at 2 university hospital research sites in Copenhagen and Aarhus using Danish registries. Participants (n = 514) included 197 children with FHR-SZ, 118 with FHR-BP, and 199 controls matched with the FHR-SZ group for age, sex, and municipality. Assessors were blinded to risk status. EXPOSURES Parents with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or neither diagnosis. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Neurocognitive functions were measured across 23 tests. Four neurocognitive domains were derived by principal component analysis, including processing speed and working memory, verbal functions, executive and visuospatial functions, and declarative memory and attention. RESULTS A total of 514 children aged 7 years were included in the analysis (46.3% girls), consisting of 197 children with FHR-SZ (46.2% girls), 118 with FHR-BP (46.6% girls), and 199 controls (46.2% girls). Children with FHR-SZ were significantly impaired compared with controls on processing speed and working memory (Cohen d = 0.50; P < .001), executive and visuospatial functions (Cohen d = 0.28; P = .03), and declarative memory and attention (Cohen d = 0.29; P = .02). Compared with children with FHR-BP, children with FHR-SZ performed significantly poorer in processing speed and working memory (Cohen d = 0.40; P = .002), executive and visuospatial functions (Cohen d = 0.35; P = .008), and declarative memory and attention (Cohen d = 0.31; P = .03). Children with FHR-BP and controls did not differ. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Children with FHR-SZ had widespread neurocognitive impairments, supporting the hypothesis of neurocognitive functions as endophenotypes of schizophrenia. The absence of neurocognitive deficits in children with FHR-BP suggests distinct neurodevelopmental manifestations in these familial high-risk groups at this age. Early detection of children with FHR-SZ and cognitive impairments is warranted to investigate associations of neurocognition with transition to psychosis, add to the knowledge of their developmental pathophysiology, and inform early intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoline Hemager
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen,Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kerstin J. Plessen
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark,Service of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anne Thorup
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Camilla Christiani
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ditte Ellersgaard
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Katrine Søborg Spang
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Klee Burton
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Maja Gregersen
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anne Søndergaard
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Aja Neergaard Greve
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark,Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ditte Lou Gantriis
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark,Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gry Poulsen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark,Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Larry J. Seidman
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Ole Mors
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark,Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Richardt Møllegaard Jepsen
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen,Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark,Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen,Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen
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24
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MacKenzie LE, Patterson VC, Zwicker A, Drobinin V, Fisher HL, Abidi S, Greve AN, Bagnell A, Propper L, Alda M, Pavlova B, Uher R. Hot and cold executive functions in youth with psychotic symptoms. Psychol Med 2017; 47:2844-2853. [PMID: 28587688 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291717001374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychotic symptoms are common in children and adolescents and may be early manifestations of liability to severe mental illness (SMI), including schizophrenia. SMI and psychotic symptoms are associated with impairment in executive functions. However, previous studies have not differentiated between 'cold' and 'hot' executive functions. We hypothesized that the propensity for psychotic symptoms is specifically associated with impairment in 'hot' executive functions, such as decision-making in the context of uncertain rewards and losses. METHODS In a cohort of 156 youth (mean age 12.5, range 7-24 years) enriched for familial risk of SMI, we measured cold and hot executive functions with the spatial working memory (SWM) task (total errors) and the Cambridge Gambling Task (decision-making), respectively. We assessed psychotic symptoms using the semi-structured Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia interview, Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes, Funny Feelings, and Schizophrenia Proneness Instrument - Child and Youth version. RESULTS In total 69 (44.23%) youth reported psychotic symptoms on one or more assessments. Cold executive functioning, indexed with SWM errors, was not significantly related to psychotic symptoms [odds ratio (OR) 1.36, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.85-2.17, p = 0.204). Poor hot executive functioning, indexed as decision-making score, was associated with psychotic symptoms after adjustment for age, sex and familial clustering (OR 2.37, 95% CI 1.25-4.50, p = 0.008). The association between worse hot executive functions and psychotic symptoms remained significant in sensitivity analyses controlling for general cognitive ability and cold executive functions. CONCLUSIONS Impaired hot executive functions may be an indicator of risk and a target for pre-emptive early interventions in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E MacKenzie
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience,Dalhousie University,Halifax, Nova Scotia,Canada
| | - V C Patterson
- Department of Psychiatry,Dalhousie University,Halifax, Nova Scotia,Canada
| | - A Zwicker
- Department of Psychiatry,Dalhousie University,Halifax, Nova Scotia,Canada
| | - V Drobinin
- Department of Psychiatry,Dalhousie University,Halifax, Nova Scotia,Canada
| | - H L Fisher
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London,UK
| | - S Abidi
- Department of Psychiatry,Dalhousie University,Halifax, Nova Scotia,Canada
| | - A N Greve
- Psychosis Research Unit,Aarhus University Hospital,Risskov,Denmark
| | - A Bagnell
- Department of Psychiatry,Dalhousie University,Halifax, Nova Scotia,Canada
| | - L Propper
- Department of Psychiatry,Dalhousie University,Halifax, Nova Scotia,Canada
| | - M Alda
- Department of Psychiatry,Dalhousie University,Halifax, Nova Scotia,Canada
| | - B Pavlova
- Department of Psychiatry,Dalhousie University,Halifax, Nova Scotia,Canada
| | - R Uher
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience,Dalhousie University,Halifax, Nova Scotia,Canada
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25
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Thorup AAE, Jepsen JR, Ellersgaard DV, Burton BK, Christiani CJ, Hemager N, Skjærbæk M, Ranning A, Spang KS, Gantriis DL, Greve AN, Zahle KK, Mors O, Plessen KJ, Nordentoft M. The Danish High Risk and Resilience Study--VIA 7--a cohort study of 520 7-year-old children born of parents diagnosed with either schizophrenia, bipolar disorder or neither of these two mental disorders. BMC Psychiatry 2015; 15:233. [PMID: 26432691 PMCID: PMC4592560 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-015-0616-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe mental illnesses like schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are known to be diseases that to some extent, but not entirely can be understood genetically. The dominating hypothesis is that these disorders should be understood in a neurodevelopmental perspective where genes and environment as well as gene-environment-interactions contribute to the risk of developing the disease. We aim to analyse the influences of genetic risk and environmental factors in a population of 520 7-year-old children with either 0, 1 or 2 parents diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum psychosis or bipolar disorder on mental health and level of functioning. We hypothesize that a larger proportion of children growing up with an ill parent will display abnormal or delayed development, behavioural problems or psychiatric symptoms compared to the healthy controls. METHODS/DESIGN We are establishing a cohort of 5207 year old children and both their parents for a comprehensive investigation with main outcome measures being neurocognition, behaviour, psychopathology and neuromotor development of the child. Parents and children are examined with a comprehensive battery of instruments and are asked for genetic material (saliva or blood) for genetic analyses. The participants are recruited via Danish registers to ensure representativity. Data from registers concerning social status, birth complications, somatic illnesses and hospitalization are included in the database. Psychological and relational factors like emotional climate in the family, degree of stimulation and support in the home and attachment style are also investigated. DISCUSSION Data collection started January 1, 2013, and is successfully ongoing. By Aug 2015 424 families are included. About 20% of the invited families decline to participate, equal for all groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne A. E. Thorup
- Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Research Unit, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark ,Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Research Unit, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark ,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens Richardt Jepsen
- Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Research Unit, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Research Unit, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark. .,Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Psychiatric Center Glostrup, Mental Health Services Capital Region of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Ditte Vestbjerg Ellersgaard
- Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Research Unit, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Birgitte Klee Burton
- Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Research Unit, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Camilla Jerlang Christiani
- Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Research Unit, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Nicoline Hemager
- Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Research Unit, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Research Unit, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Mette Skjærbæk
- Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Research Unit, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Anne Ranning
- Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Research Unit, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Katrine Søborg Spang
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Research Unit, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Ditte Lou Gantriis
- Research Department P, Risskov, Aarhus University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Aja Neergaard Greve
- Research Department P, Risskov, Aarhus University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Kate Kold Zahle
- Research Department P, Risskov, Aarhus University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Ole Mors
- Research Department P, Risskov, Aarhus University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Kerstin Jessica Plessen
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Research Unit, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Research Unit, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.
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