1
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Reddygunta KKR, Callander A, Šiller L, Faulds K, Berlouis L, Ivaturi A. Scalable slot-die coated flexible supercapacitors from upcycled PET face shields. RSC Adv 2024; 14:12781-12795. [PMID: 38645514 PMCID: PMC11027888 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06809e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Upcycling Covid19 plastic waste into valuable carbonaceous materials for energy storage applications is a sustainable and green approach to minimize the burden of waste plastic on the environment. Herein, we developed a facile single step activation technique for producing activated carbon consisting of spherical flower like carbon nanosheets and amorphous porous flakes from used PET [poly(ethylene terephthalate)] face shields for supercapacitor applications. The as-obtained activated carbon exhibited a high specific surface area of 1571 m2 g-1 and pore volume of 1.64 cm3 g-1. The specific capacitance of these carbon nanostructure-coated stainless steel electrodes reached 228.2 F g-1 at 1 A g-1 current density with excellent charge transport features and good rate capability in 1 M Na2SO4 aqueous electrolyte. We explored the slot-die coating technique for large-area coatings of flexible high-performance activated carbon electrodes with special emphasis on optimizing binder concentration. Significant improvement in electrochemical performance was achieved for the electrodes with 15 wt% Nafion concentration. The flexible supercapacitors fabricated using these electrodes showed high energy and power density of 21.8 W h kg-1 and 20 600 W kg-1 respectively, and retained 96.2% of the initial capacitance after 10 000 cycles at 2 A g-1 current density. The present study provides a promising sustainable approach for upcycling PET plastic waste for large area printable supercapacitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Kumar Reddy Reddygunta
- Smart Materials Research and Device Technology (SMaRDT) Group, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde Thomas Graham Building Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Andrew Callander
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Technology Innovation Centre 99 George Street Glasgow G1 1RD UK
| | - Lidija Šiller
- Newcastle University, School of Engineering Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU UK
| | - Karen Faulds
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Technology Innovation Centre 99 George Street Glasgow G1 1RD UK
| | - Leonard Berlouis
- Smart Materials Research and Device Technology (SMaRDT) Group, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde Thomas Graham Building Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Aruna Ivaturi
- Smart Materials Research and Device Technology (SMaRDT) Group, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde Thomas Graham Building Glasgow G1 1XL UK
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2
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Bonfield H, Edge CM, Reid M, Kennedy AR, Pascoe DD, Lindsay DM, Valette D. Synthesis of 2,6- trans-Tetrahydropyrans Using a Palladium-Catalyzed Oxidative Heck Redox-Relay Strategy. Org Lett 2024; 26:2857-2861. [PMID: 38198695 PMCID: PMC11020158 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The C-aryl-tetrahydropyran motif is prevalent in nature in a number of natural products with biological activity; however, this challenging architecture still requires novel synthetic approaches. We demonstrate the application of a stereoselective Heck redox-relay strategy for the synthesis of functionalized 2,6-trans-tetrahydropyrans in excellent selectivity in a single step from an enantiopure dihydropyranyl alcohol, proceeding through a novel exo-cyclic migration. The strategy has also been applied to the total synthesis of a trans-epimer of the natural product centrolobine in excellent yield and stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly
E. Bonfield
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K.
- Drug
Substance Development, GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K.
| | - Colin M. Edge
- Drug
Substance Development, GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K.
| | - Marc Reid
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K.
| | - Alan R. Kennedy
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K.
| | - David D. Pascoe
- Drug
Substance Development, GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K.
| | - David M. Lindsay
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K.
| | - Damien Valette
- Drug
Substance Development, GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K.
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3
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Suckling CJ. The allure of targets for novel drugs. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:472-484. [PMID: 38389887 PMCID: PMC10880906 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00621b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The challenges of bringing new medicines to patients have been extensively discussed and debated, including consideration of the contribution that academic laboratories can make. At the University of Strathclyde, drug discovery has been a continuing focal activity since the 1960s, and in the past 30 years, the author has led or contributed to many projects of different character and for diverse diseases. A feature common to these projects is the extension of concepts of molecular and biological targets in drug discovery research. In mechanistic terms, these have included compounds that are activators and not inhibitors, and in particular multitargeted compounds. With respect to relevance to disease, schizophrenia, pulmonary disfunction, autoimmune, and infectious disease are most relevant. These projects are discussed in the context of classical medicinal chemistry and more recent concepts in and approaches to drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin J Suckling
- Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1Xl Scotland UK
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4
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Abstract
Although children with Williams syndrome (WS) are strongly socially motivated, many have friendship difficulties. The parents of 21 children with WS and 20 of the children themselves participated in a semi-structured interview about the children's friendships. Parents reported that their child had difficulties sustaining friendships and low levels of interaction with peers. Barriers to friendships included difficulties with play and self-regulating behaviour. However, there was within-group variability, with a small number of children reported to have strong friendships. While parents reported friendship challenges, all of the children named at least one friend, and most said that they had never felt excluded by their peers. Future research is needed to determine optimal ways to support children with WS in their friendships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda E Gillooly
- School of Health and Wellbeing, Gartnaval Royal Hospital, University of Glasgow, 1055 Great Western Road, Glasgow, G12 0XH, Scotland, UK
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, 40 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1QE, Scotland, UK
| | - Deborah M Riby
- Department of Psychology, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, England, UK
| | - Kevin Durkin
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, 40 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1QE, Scotland, UK
| | - Sinéad M Rhodes
- Child Life and Health, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Royal Hospital for Children and Young People, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TS, Scotland, UK.
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5
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Doveiko D, Kubiak-Ossowska K, Chen Y. Impact of the Crystal Structure of Silica Nanoparticles on Rhodamine 6G Adsorption: A Molecular Dynamics Study. ACS Omega 2024; 9:4123-4136. [PMID: 38284092 PMCID: PMC10809255 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanism of adsorption of Rhodamine 6G (R6G) to various crystal structures of silica nanoparticles (SNPs) is important to elucidate the impact of dye size when measuring the size of the dye-SNP complex via the time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy method. In this work, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were used to get an insight into the R6G adsorption process, which cannot be observed using experimental methods. It was found that at low pH, α-Cristobalite structured SNPs have a strong affinity to R6G; however, at high pH, more surface silanol groups undergo ionization when compared with α-Quartz, preventing the adsorption. Therefore, α-Quartz structured SNPs are more suitable for R6G adsorption at high pH than the α-Cristobalite ones. Furthermore, it was found that stable adsorption can occur only when the R6G xanthene core is oriented flat with respect to the SNP surface, indicating that the dye size does not contribute significantly to the measured size of the dye-SNP complex. The requirement of correct dipole moment orientation indicates that only one R6G molecule can adsorb on any sized SNP, and the R6G layer formation on SNP is not possible. Moreover, the dimerization process of R6G and its competition with the adsorption has been explored. It has been shown that the highest stable R6G aggregate is a dimer, and in this form, R6G does not adsorb to SNPs. Finally, using steered molecular dynamics (SMD) with constant-velocity pulling, the binding energies of R6G dimers and R6G complexes with both α-Quartz and α-Cristobalite SNPs of 40 Å diameter were estimated. These confirm that R6G adsorption is most stable on 40 Å α-Quartz at pH 7, although dimerization is equally possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Doveiko
- Photophysics
Group, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, 107 Rottenrow, Glasgow G4 0NG, U.K.
| | - Karina Kubiak-Ossowska
- Chemical
Engineering, James Weir Building, University
of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XJ, U.K.
| | - Yu Chen
- Photophysics
Group, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, 107 Rottenrow, Glasgow G4 0NG, U.K.
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6
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Uten S, Boonbanjong P, Prueksathaporn Y, Treerattrakoon K, Sathirapongsasuti N, Chanlek N, Pinitsoontorn S, Luksirikul P, Japrung D. Magnetic Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites for Selective miRNA Separation and Recovery. ACS Omega 2024; 9:2263-2271. [PMID: 38250391 PMCID: PMC10795033 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we developed magnetic graphene oxide composites by chemically attaching Fe3O4 nanoparticles to graphene oxide nanosheets. Characterization techniques, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), confirmed the successful synthesis of Fe3O4@GO composites with desirable properties. The resulting composites exhibited superparamagnetic behavior, solubility, and compatibility for efficient miRNA separation. Using miR-29a as a model, we demonstrated the effective binding of miR-29a to the magnetic graphene oxide (GO) composites at an optimal concentration of 1.5 mg/mL, followed by a simple separation using magnetic forces. Additionally, the addition of 5.0 M urea enhanced the miRNA recovery. These findings highlight the potential use of our magnetic graphene oxide composites for the efficient separation and recovery of miR-29a, suggesting their broad applicability in various miRNA-based studies. Further exploration can focus on investigating endogenous miRNAs with aberrant expression patterns, contributing to the advancements in precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supapitch Uten
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart
University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Poramin Boonbanjong
- Program
in Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Yosaphon Prueksathaporn
- National
Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National
Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Kiatnida Treerattrakoon
- National
Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National
Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, United Kingdom
| | - Nuankanya Sathirapongsasuti
- Program
in Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Narong Chanlek
- Synchrotron
Light Research Institute (Public Organization), 111 University Avenue, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasrima 30000, Thailand
| | - Supree Pinitsoontorn
- Institute
of Nanomaterials Research and Innovation for Energy (IN-RIE), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Patraporn Luksirikul
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart
University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Research
Network NANOTEC-KU on Nanocatalysts and Nanomaterials for Sustainable
Energy and Environment, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Deanpen Japrung
- National
Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National
Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
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7
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Wilde T, Murphy F, Smylie CRT, Kennedy AR, Weetman CE. Synthesis and Reactivity of an Aluminium N-heterocyclic Aminal. Chem Asian J 2023:e202301058. [PMID: 38149325 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202301058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Tethered N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are an emerging class of ligand, as they feature all the desirable aspects of NHCs (ease of synthesis, high tunabilty) but also enable metal-ligand cooperativity when combined with Lewis acidic metal centres due to the donor-acceptor nature of the complexes formed. Herein we report a simple ethoxy-tethered NHC for the stabilisation of Al(III) hydrides, resulting in the unexpected formation of a bicyclic N-heterocyclic aminal (1). Compound 1 behaves as a metal hydride, capable of reducing benzophenone and carbodiimide to yield compounds 2 and 3, respectively. Furthermore, we show that 1 behaves as an efficient catalyst in the dehydrocoupling of amine-boranes due to the hemi-labile nature of the supporting ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Wilde
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL
| | - Fáinché Murphy
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL
| | - Cooper R T Smylie
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL
| | - Alan R Kennedy
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL
| | - Catherine E Weetman
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL
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8
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Fergusson J, Wallace GQ, Sloan-Dennison S, Carland R, Shand NC, Graham D, Faulds K. Plasmonic and Photothermal Properties of Silica-Capped Gold Nanoparticle Aggregates. J Phys Chem C Nanomater Interfaces 2023; 127:24475-24486. [PMID: 38148849 PMCID: PMC10749475 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c07536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Owing to their biocompatibility, gold nanoparticles have many applications in healthcare, notably for targeted drug delivery and the photothermal therapy of tumors. The addition of a silica shell to the nanoparticles can help to minimize the aggregation of the nanoparticles upon exposure to harsh environments and protect any Raman reporters adsorbed onto the metal surface. Here, we report the effects of the addition of a silica shell on the photothermal properties of a series of gold nanostructures, including gold nanoparticle aggregates. The presence of a Raman reporter at the surface of the gold nanoparticles also allows the structures to be evaluated by surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). In this work, we explore the relationship between the degree of aggregation and the position and the extinction of the near-infrared plasmon on the observed SERS intensity and in the increase in bulk temperature upon near-infrared excitation. By tailoring the concentration of the silane and the thickness of the silica shell, it is possible to improve the photothermal heating capabilities of the structures without sacrificing the SERS intensity or changing the optical properties of the gold nanoparticle aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie Fergusson
- Centre
for Nanometrology, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K.
| | - Gregory Q. Wallace
- Centre
for Nanometrology, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K.
| | - Sian Sloan-Dennison
- Centre
for Nanometrology, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K.
| | - Ruairí Carland
- Centre
for Nanometrology, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K.
| | - Neil C. Shand
- Defence
Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, U.K.
| | - Duncan Graham
- Centre
for Nanometrology, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K.
| | - Karen Faulds
- Centre
for Nanometrology, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K.
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9
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Bradley E, Fusani L, Chung CW, Craggs PD, Demont EH, Humphreys PG, Mitchell DJ, Phillipou A, Rioja I, Shah RR, Wellaway CR, Prinjha RK, Palmer DS, Kerr WJ, Reid M, Wall ID, Cookson R. Structure-Guided Design of a Domain-Selective Bromodomain and Extra Terminal N-Terminal Bromodomain Chemical Probe. J Med Chem 2023; 66:15728-15749. [PMID: 37967462 PMCID: PMC10726358 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Small-molecule-mediated disruption of the protein-protein interactions between acetylated histone tails and the tandem bromodomains of the bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) family of proteins is an important mechanism of action for the potential modulation of immuno-inflammatory and oncology disease. High-quality chemical probes have proven invaluable in elucidating profound BET bromodomain biology, with seminal publications of both pan- and domain-selective BET family bromodomain inhibitors enabling academic and industrial research. To enrich the toolbox of structurally differentiated N-terminal bromodomain (BD1) BET family chemical probes, this work describes an analysis of the GSK BRD4 bromodomain data set through a lipophilic efficiency lens, which enabled identification of a BD1 domain-biased benzimidazole series. Structure-guided growth targeting a key Asp/His BD1/BD2 switch enabled delivery of GSK023, a high-quality chemical probe with 300-1000-fold BET BD1 domain selectivity and a phenotypic cellular fingerprint consistent with BET bromodomain inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Bradley
- GSK,
Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage SG1 2NY, Hertfordshire, U.K.
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, Thomas
Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K.
| | - Lucia Fusani
- GSK,
Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage SG1 2NY, Hertfordshire, U.K.
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, Thomas
Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K.
| | - Chun-wa Chung
- GSK,
Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage SG1 2NY, Hertfordshire, U.K.
| | - Peter D. Craggs
- GSK,
Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage SG1 2NY, Hertfordshire, U.K.
| | | | | | | | - Alex Phillipou
- GSK,
Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage SG1 2NY, Hertfordshire, U.K.
| | - Inmaculada Rioja
- GSK,
Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage SG1 2NY, Hertfordshire, U.K.
| | - Rishi R. Shah
- GSK,
Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage SG1 2NY, Hertfordshire, U.K.
| | | | - Rab K. Prinjha
- GSK,
Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage SG1 2NY, Hertfordshire, U.K.
| | - David S. Palmer
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, Thomas
Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K.
| | - William J. Kerr
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, Thomas
Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K.
| | - Marc Reid
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, Thomas
Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K.
| | - Ian D. Wall
- GSK,
Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage SG1 2NY, Hertfordshire, U.K.
| | - Rosa Cookson
- GSK,
Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage SG1 2NY, Hertfordshire, U.K.
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10
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Chan K, Sathyamurthi PS, Queisser MA, Mullin M, Shrives H, Coe DM, Burley GA. Antibody-Proteolysis Targeting Chimera Conjugate Enables Selective Degradation of Receptor-Interacting Serine/Threonine-Protein Kinase 2 in HER2+ Cell Lines. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:2049-2054. [PMID: 37917829 PMCID: PMC10655034 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are a family of heterobifunctional molecules that are now realizing their promise as a therapeutic strategy for targeted protein degradation. However, one limitation of existing designs is the lack of cell-selective targeting of the protein degrading payload. This manuscript reports a cell-targeted approach to degrade receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 (RIPK2) in HER2+ cell lines. An antibody-PROTAC conjugate is prepared containing a protease-cleavable linkage between the antibody and the corresponding degrader. Potent RIPK2 degradation is observed in HER2+ cell lines, whereas an equivalent anti-IL4 antibody-PROTAC conjugate shows no degradation at therapeutically relevant concentrations. No RIPK2 degradation was observed in HER2- cell lines for both bioconjugates. This work demonstrates the potential for the cell-selective delivery of PROTAC scaffolds by engaging with signature extracellular proteins expressed on the surface of particular cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Chan
- GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, United
Kingdom
| | | | - Markus A. Queisser
- GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Mullin
- GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Harry Shrives
- GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Diane M. Coe
- GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Glenn A. Burley
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, United
Kingdom
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11
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Rodrigues M, Matsarskaia O, Rego P, Geraldes V, Connor LE, Oswald IDH, Sztucki M, Shalaev E. Freeze-Induced Phase Transition and Local Pressure in a Phospholipid/Water System: Novel Insights Were Obtained from a Time/Temperature Resolved Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction Study. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:5790-5799. [PMID: 37889088 PMCID: PMC10630958 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Water-to-ice transformation results in a 10% increase in volume, which can have a significant impact on biopharmaceuticals during freeze-thaw cycles due to the mechanical stresses imparted by the growing ice crystals. Whether these stresses would contribute to the destabilization of biopharmaceuticals depends on both the magnitude of the stress and sensitivity of a particular system to pressure and sheer stresses. To address the gap of the "magnitude" question, a phospholipid, 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC), is evaluated as a probe to detect and quantify the freeze-induced pressure. DPPC can form several phases under elevated pressure, and therefore, the detection of a high-pressure DPPC phase during freezing would be indicative of a freeze-induced pressure increase. In this study, the phase behavior of DPPC/water suspensions, which also contain the ice nucleation agent silver iodide, is monitored by synchrotron small/wide-angle X-ray scattering during the freeze-thaw transition. Cooling the suspensions leads to heterogeneous ice nucleation at approximately -7 °C, followed by a phase transition of DPPC between -11 and -40 °C. In this temperature range, the initial gel phase of DPPC, Lβ', gradually converts to a second phase, tentatively identified as a high-pressure Gel III phase. The Lβ'-to-Gel III phase transition continues during an isothermal hold at -40 °C; a second (homogeneous) ice nucleation event of water confined in the interlamellar space is detected by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) at the same temperature. The extent of the phase transition depends on the DPPC concentration, with a lower DPPC concentration (and therefore a higher ice fraction), resulting in a higher degree of Lβ'-to-Gel III conversion. By comparing the data from this study with the literature data on the pressure/temperature Lβ'/Gel III phase boundary and the lamellar lattice constant of the Lβ' phase, the freeze-induced pressure is estimated to be approximately 0.2-2.6 kbar. The study introduces DPPC as a probe to detect a pressure increase during freezing, therefore addressing the gap between a theoretical possibility of protein destabilization by freeze-induced pressure and the current lack of methods to detect freeze-induced pressure. In addition, the observation of a freeze-induced phase transition in a phospholipid can improve the mechanistic understanding of factors that could disrupt the structure of lipid-based biopharmaceuticals, such as liposomes and mRNA vaccines, during freezing and thawing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel
A. Rodrigues
- Centro
de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Tecnico, University of Lisbon, Lisbon 1049-001, Portugal
| | - Olga Matsarskaia
- Institut
Laue−Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Pedro Rego
- Centro
de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Tecnico, University of Lisbon, Lisbon 1049-001, Portugal
| | - Vitor Geraldes
- Centro
de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Tecnico, University of Lisbon, Lisbon 1049-001, Portugal
| | - Lauren E. Connor
- Strathclyde
Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, U.K.
- Collaborative
International Research Programme, University
of Strathclyde and Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Technology
Innovation Centre, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K.
| | - Iain D. H. Oswald
- Strathclyde
Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, U.K.
| | - Michael Sztucki
- European
Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble Cedex 9 38043, France
| | - Evgenyi Shalaev
- Abbvie Inc., 2525 Dupont Drive, Irvine, California 92612, United States
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12
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Yang Y, Liu LN, Tian H, Cooper AI, Sprick RS. Making the connections: physical and electric interactions in biohybrid photosynthetic systems. Energy Environ Sci 2023; 16:4305-4319. [PMID: 38013927 PMCID: PMC10566253 DOI: 10.1039/d3ee01265d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Biohybrid photosynthesis systems, which combine biological and non-biological materials, have attracted recent interest in solar-to-chemical energy conversion. However, the solar efficiencies of such systems remain low, despite advances in both artificial photosynthesis and synthetic biology. Here we discuss the potential of conjugated organic materials as photosensitisers for biological hybrid systems compared to traditional inorganic semiconductors. Organic materials offer the ability to tune both photophysical properties and the specific physicochemical interactions between the photosensitiser and biological cells, thus improving stability and charge transfer. We highlight the state-of-the-art and opportunities for new approaches in designing new biohybrid systems. This perspective also summarises the current understanding of the underlying electron transport process and highlights the research areas that need to be pursued to underpin the development of hybrid photosynthesis systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Materials Innovation Factory and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Liverpool L7 3NY UK
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 7ZB UK
| | - Lu-Ning Liu
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 7ZB UK
- College of Marine Life Sciences, and Frontiers Science Centre for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China 266003 Qingdao P. R. China
| | - Haining Tian
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratories, Uppsala University Box 523 751 20 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Andrew I Cooper
- Materials Innovation Factory and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Liverpool L7 3NY UK
| | - Reiner Sebastian Sprick
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL UK
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13
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Clark K, Tyerman S, Evans L, Robertson CM, Nelson DJ, Kennedy AR, Murphy JA. A Hierarchy of Ligands Controls Formation and Reaction of Aryl Radicals in Pd-Catalyzed Ground-State Base-Promoted Coupling Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:20849-20858. [PMID: 37713365 PMCID: PMC10540214 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Palladium salts and complexes were tested separately and in the presence of added ligands as potential sources of aryl radicals in ground-state coupling reactions of aryl halide with arenes under basic conditions (KOtBu). Our recently developed assay for aryl radicals was employed to test for aryl radicals. In this assay, aryl radicals derived from the test substrate, 1-iodo-2,6-dimethylbenzene 7, undergo base-promoted homolytic aromatic substitution (BHAS) with benzene to produce 2,6-dimethylbiphenyl 8 and biphenyl 9 in an approximately 1:4 ratio as well as m-xylene 10. The biphenyl arises from a diagnostic radical transfer reaction with the solvent benzene. Using substrate 7 with a range of Pd sources as potential initiators led to formation of 8, 9, and 10 in varying amounts. However, when any one of a range of diphosphinoferrocenes (e.g., dppf or dippf) or BINAP or the monophosphine, diphenylphosphinoferrocene, was added as a ligand to Pd(OAc)2, the ratio of [2,6-dimethylbiphenyl 8: biphenyl 9] moved decisively to that expected from the BHAS (radical) pathway. Further studies were conducted with dppf. When dppf was added to each of the other Pd sources, the ratio of coupled products was also diverted to that expected for radical BHAS chemistry. Deuterium isotope studies and radical trap experiments provide strong additional support for the involvement of aryl radicals. Accordingly, under these ground-state conditions, palladium sources, in the presence of defined ligands, convert aryl iodides to aryl radicals. A rationale is proposed for these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth
F. Clark
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K.
| | - Seb Tyerman
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K.
| | - Laura Evans
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB10 1XL, U.K.
| | - Craig M. Robertson
- GSK
Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, Herts, U.K.
| | - David J. Nelson
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K.
| | - Alan R. Kennedy
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K.
| | - John A. Murphy
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K.
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14
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Leger K, Dong J, DeBruine LM, Jones BC, Shiramizu VKM. Assessing the roles of shape prototypicality and sexual dimorphism in ratings of the trustworthiness of faces. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15662. [PMID: 37731069 PMCID: PMC10511419 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42990-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Perceptions of the trustworthiness of faces predict important social outcomes, including economic exchange and criminal sentencing decisions. However, the specific facial characteristics that drive trustworthiness perceptions remain poorly understood. Here we investigated this issue by exploring possible relationships between ratings of the trustworthiness of face images and objective assessments of two aspects of face shape that researchers have previously argued are important for perceptions of trustworthiness: distinctiveness and sexual dimorphism. Here we report that faces with more distinctive shapes are rated as less trustworthy, but that sexual dimorphism of face shape is not significantly correlated with trustworthiness ratings. These results suggest that distinctiveness of face shape plays a more important role in trustworthiness perceptions than does sexual dimorphism and suggest that perceptions of trustworthiness may stem, at least in part, from the 'anomalous-is-bad' stereotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathlyne Leger
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Junzhi Dong
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Lisa M DeBruine
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Benedict C Jones
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Victor K M Shiramizu
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
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15
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Dong J, Leger K, Shiramizu VKM, Marcinkowska UM, Lee AJ, Jones BC. The importance of face-shape masculinity for perceptions of male dominance depends on study design. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12620. [PMID: 37537340 PMCID: PMC10400540 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39912-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dominance perceptions play an important role in social interactions. Although many researchers have proposed that shape masculinity is an important facial cue for dominance perceptions, evidence for this claim has come almost exclusively from studies that assessed perceptions of experimentally manipulated faces using forced-choice paradigms. Consequently, we investigated the role of masculine shape characteristics in perceptions of men's facial dominance (1) when shape-manipulated stimuli were presented in a forced-choice paradigm and (2) when unmanipulated face images were rated for dominance and shape masculinity was measured from face images. Although we observed large effects of masculinity on dominance perceptions when we used the forced-choice method (Cohen's ds = 2.51 and 3.28), the effect of masculinity on dominance perceptions was considerably smaller when unmanipulated face images were rated and shape masculinity measured from face images (Cohen's ds = 0.44 and 0.62). This pattern was observed when faces were rated separately for physical dominance, social dominance, and masculinity, and was seen for two different sets of stimuli. Collectively, these results suggest that shape masculinity may not be a particularly important cue for dominance perceptions when faces vary simultaneously on multiple dimensions, as is the case during everyday social interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhi Dong
- Department of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kathlyne Leger
- Department of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Victor K M Shiramizu
- Department of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Anthony J Lee
- Division of Psychology, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Benedict C Jones
- Department of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK.
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16
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Leeming R, Mahmud T, Roberts KJ, George N, Webb J, Simone E, Brown CJ. Development of a Digital Twin for the Prediction and Control of Supersaturation during Batch Cooling Crystallization. Ind Eng Chem Res 2023; 62:11067-11081. [PMID: 37484628 PMCID: PMC10360059 DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.3c00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Fine chemicals produced via batch crystallization with properties dependent on the crystal size distribution require precise control of supersaturation, which drives the evolution of crystal size over time. Model predictive control (MPC) of supersaturation using a mechanistic model to represent the behavior of a crystallization process requires less experimental time and resources compared with fully empirical model-based control methods. Experimental characterization of the hexamine-ethanol crystallization system was performed in order to collect the parameters required to build a one-dimensional (1D) population balance model (PBM) in gPROMS FormulatedProducts software (Siemens-PSE Ltd.). Analysis of the metastable zone width (MSZW) and a series of seeded batch cooling crystallizations informed the suitable process conditions selected for supersaturation control experiments. The gPROMS model was integrated with the control software PharmaMV (Perceptive Engineering Ltd.) to create a digital twin of the crystallizer. Simulated batch crystallizations were used to train two statistical MPC blocks, allowing for in silico supersaturation control simulations to develop an effective control strategy. In the supersaturation set-point range of 0.012-0.036, the digital twin displayed excellent performance that would require minimal controller tuning to steady out any instabilities. The MPC strategy was implemented on a physical 500 mL crystallizer, with the simulated solution concentration replaced by in situ measurements from calibrated attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. Physical supersaturation control performance was slightly more unstable than the in silico tests, which is consistent with expected disturbances to the heat transfer, which were not specifically modeled in simulations. Overall, the level of supersaturation control in a real crystallizer was found to be accurate and precise enough to consider future adaptations to the MPC strategy for more advanced control objectives, such as the crystal size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Leeming
- School
of Chemical and Process Engineering, University
of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Tariq Mahmud
- School
of Chemical and Process Engineering, University
of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Kevin J. Roberts
- School
of Chemical and Process Engineering, University
of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Neil George
- Syngenta, Jealott’s Hill, Bracknell RG42 6EY, U.K.
| | | | - Elena Simone
- Department
of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico
di Torino, Torino 10129, Italy
| | - Cameron J. Brown
- CMAC
Future Manufacturing Research Hub, University
of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K.
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17
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Pagani S, Hunter SC, Lawrence D, Elliott MA. Evaluating Mentors in Violence Prevention: A Longitudinal, Multilevel Assessment of Outcome Changes. J Youth Adolesc 2023; 52:1390-1404. [PMID: 37097430 PMCID: PMC10127949 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-023-01781-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
There is a need to increase understanding of the effectiveness of bystander programmes targeting gender-based violence in the United Kingdom. There is also a need to utilise a robust theoretical models of decision-making while doing so. Changes were examined in bystanders' attitudes, beliefs, motivations towards intervening, and intervention behavior in situations of gender-based violence. To achieve this, a quantitative examination of Mentors in Violence Prevention was conducted. There were 1396 participants (50% female, 50% male) who were aged 11 to 14 years old (M = 12.25, SD = 0.84) attending high school at the first time point. Participants were attending 17 schools (53% Mentors in Violence Prevention and 47% control) in Scotland. Outcome variables were assessed approximately one year apart using questionnaires. Multilevel linear regressions revealed that Mentors in Violence Prevention did not change outcomes reflecting bystanders' attitudes, beliefs, motivations towards intervening, or intervention behavior in gender-based violence. Discrepancies between the current findings and those of other evaluations may be due to other studies including small numbers of schools that may be more motivated to implement the program. This study also identified two key issues that need to be addressed at stakeholder level before concluding that Mentors in Violence Prevention is ineffective at targeting gender-based violence. That the program has moved towards a more gender-neutral approach in the United Kingdom could explain the null results of this study. Furthermore, the current findings could be attributed to a failure to adequately address the theoretical model underpinning the program in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Pagani
- University of Strathclyde, 16 Richmond Street, Glasgow, G1 1XQ, Scotland, UK
| | - Simon C Hunter
- Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow, G4 0BA, Scotland, UK.
- University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - David Lawrence
- Curtin University, Kent Street, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Mark A Elliott
- University of Strathclyde, 16 Richmond Street, Glasgow, G1 1XQ, Scotland, UK
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18
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Ma CY, Geatches D, Hsiao YW, Kwokal A, Roberts KJ. Role of Molecular, Crystal, and Surface Chemistry in Directing the Crystallization of Entacapone Polymorphs on the Au(111) Template Surface. Cryst Growth Des 2023; 23:4522-4537. [PMID: 37304395 PMCID: PMC10251417 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.3c00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The pharmaceutical compound entacapone ((E)-2-cyano-3-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-N,N-diethylprop-2-enamide) is important in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, exhibiting interesting polymorphic behavior upon crystallization from solution. It consistently produces its stable form A with a uniform crystal size distribution on the surface of an Au(111) template while concomitantly forming its metastable form D within the same bulk solution. Molecular modeling using empirical atomistic force-fields reveals more complex molecular and intermolecular structures for form D compared to form A, with the crystal chemistry of both polymorphs being dominated by van der Waals and π-π stacking interactions with lower contributions (ca. 20%) from hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions. Comparative lattice energies and convergence for the polymorphs are consistent with the observed concomitant polymorphic behavior. Synthon characterization reveals an elongated needle-like morphology for form D crystals in contrast to the more equant form A crystals with the surface chemistry of the latter exposing the molecules' cyano groups on its {010} and {011} habit faces. Density functional theory modeling of surface adsorption reveals preferential interactions between Au and the synthon GA interactions of form A on the Au surface. Molecular dynamics modeling of the entacapone/gold interface reveals the entacapone molecular structure within the first adsorbed layer to show nearly identical interaction distances, for both the molecules within form A or D with respect to the Au surface, while in the second and third layers when entacapone molecule-molecule interactions overtake the interactions between those of molecule-Au, the intermolecular structures are found to be closer to the form A structure than form D. In these layers, synthon GA (form A) could be reproduced with just two small azimuthal rotations (5° and 15°) whereas the closest alignment to a form D synthon requires larger azimuthal rotations (15° and 40°). The cyano functional group interactions with the Au template dominate interfacial interactions with these groups being aligned parallel to the Au surface and with nearest neighbor distances to Au atoms more closely matching those in form A than form D. The overall polymorph direction pathway thus encompasses consideration of molecular, crystal, and surface chemistry factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Y. Ma
- Centre
for the Digital Design of Drug Products, School of Chemical and Process
Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Dawn Geatches
- Science
and Technology Facilities Council, Daresbury Laboratory, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Warrington WA4 4AD, U.K.
| | - Ya-Wen Hsiao
- Science
and Technology Facilities Council, Daresbury Laboratory, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Warrington WA4 4AD, U.K.
| | - Ana Kwokal
- PLIVA
Croatia Ltd., R&D, P. B. Filipovica
25, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Kevin J. Roberts
- Centre
for the Digital Design of Drug Products, School of Chemical and Process
Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
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19
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Pagani S, Hunter SC, Elliott MA. Evaluating the Mentors in Violence Prevention Program: A Process Examination of How Implementation Can Affect Gender-Based Violence Outcomes. J Interpers Violence 2023; 38:4390-4415. [PMID: 35904283 PMCID: PMC9850381 DOI: 10.1177/08862605221115117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Gender-based violence is a global public health issue and major human rights concern. It is also a type of violence that is disproportionately experienced by women and girls. This study is the first to examine multiple implementation process (dosage, fidelity, and adaptation) effects on changes in anticipated outcomes of a school-based bystander program targeting gender-based violence, Mentors in Violence Prevention (MVP). Data were collected from two participant groups: mentees (students receiving MVP) and mentors (students delivering MVP), across nine participating high schools. The mentee sample comprised 698 students (about 48.9% males and 49.7% females), aged 11 to 14 years old (M = 11.86, SD = 0.64). The mentor sample comprised 118 students (17.80% males, 82.20% females), aged 15 to 18 years old (M = 16.42, SD = 0.60). Anticipated outcomes were changes in bystanders' attitudes, social influences, control perceptions, intentions, willingness, and intervention behavior, measured using mentees' self-reports at two time points approximately 1 year apart. Implementation processes were measured using mentors' self-reports. Analyses revealed no effects for any of the implementation variables across changes in any of the outcomes measured. These results highlight important implications for the implementation of the MVP program going forward, given its widespread implementation in the United Kingdom. Possible ways that MVP may be enhanced in future are discussed. For example, furthering understanding into how gender-based violence and bystander intervention are addressed and framed during MVP lessons would give more insight into how the current implementation of the program can be improved to maximize its potential benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon C. Hunter
- Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow,
UK
- University of Western Australia,
Crawley WA, Australia
- Simon C. Hunter, Glasgow Caledonian
University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK.
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20
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Wesseler JP, Cameron GM, Cormack PAG, Bruns N. Donor-Acceptor Stenhouse Adduct Functionalised Polymer Microspheres. Polym Chem 2023; 14:1456-1468. [PMID: 37009639 PMCID: PMC10043757 DOI: 10.1039/d2py01591a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Polymers that carry donor-acceptor Stenhouse adducts (DASAs) are a very relevant class of light-responsive materials. Capable of undergoing reversible, photoinduced isomerisations under irradiation with visible light, DASAs allow for on-demand...
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Affiliation(s)
- Justus P Wesseler
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde Thomas Graham Building 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL Scotland UK
| | - Grant M Cameron
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde Thomas Graham Building 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL Scotland UK
| | - Peter A G Cormack
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde Thomas Graham Building 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL Scotland UK
| | - Nico Bruns
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde Thomas Graham Building 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL Scotland UK
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4 64287 Darmstadt Germany
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21
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Kay EJ, Paterson K, Riera-Domingo C, Sumpton D, Däbritz JHM, Tardito S, Boldrini C, Hernandez-Fernaud JR, Athineos D, Dhayade S, Stepanova E, Gjerga E, Neilson LJ, Lilla S, Hedley A, Koulouras G, McGregor G, Jamieson C, Johnson RM, Park M, Kirschner K, Miller C, Kamphorst JJ, Loayza-Puch F, Saez-Rodriguez J, Mazzone M, Blyth K, Zagnoni M, Zanivan S. Author Correction: Cancer-associated fibroblasts require proline synthesis by PYCR1 for the deposition of pro-tumorigenic extracellular matrix. Nat Metab 2022; 4:1084. [PMID: 35927357 PMCID: PMC9398906 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00632-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Kay
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Karla Paterson
- Centre for Microsystems and Photonics, EEE Department, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Carla Riera-Domingo
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Saverio Tardito
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Ekaterina Stepanova
- Translational Control and Metabolism, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Enio Gjerga
- Heidelberg University, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Bioquant, Heidelberg, Germany
- RWTH Aachen University, Faculty of Medicine, Joint Research Centre for Computational Biomedicine (JRC-COMBINE), Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Sergio Lilla
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ann Hedley
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Grace McGregor
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Craig Jamieson
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Thomas Graham Building, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Radia Marie Johnson
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Morag Park
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kristina Kirschner
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Crispin Miller
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jurre J Kamphorst
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Fabricio Loayza-Puch
- Translational Control and Metabolism, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julio Saez-Rodriguez
- Heidelberg University, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Bioquant, Heidelberg, Germany
- RWTH Aachen University, Faculty of Medicine, Joint Research Centre for Computational Biomedicine (JRC-COMBINE), Aachen, Germany
| | - Massimiliano Mazzone
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karen Blyth
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Michele Zagnoni
- Centre for Microsystems and Photonics, EEE Department, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sara Zanivan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK.
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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22
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Patkar S, Uwanogho D, Modo M, Tate RJ, Plevin R, Carswell HVO. Targeting 17β-estradiol biosynthesis in neural stem cells improves stroke outcome. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:917181. [PMID: 35936502 PMCID: PMC9355602 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.917181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dax-1 (dosage-sensitive sex reversal adrenal hypoplasia congenital region on X-chromosome gene 1) blocks 17β-estradiol biosynthesis and its knockdown would be expected to increase 17β-estradiol production. We hypothesized that knockdown of Dax-1 in a conditionally immortalized neural stem cell (NSC) line, MHP36, is a useful approach to increase 17β-estradiol production. Short hairpin (sh) RNA targeted to Dax-1 in NSCs, namely MHP36-Dax1KD cells, resulted in the degradation of Dax-1 RNA and attenuation of Dax-1 protein expression. In vitro, MHP36-Dax1KD cells exhibited overexpression of aromatase and increased 17β-estradiol secretion compared to MHP36 cells. As 17β-estradiol has been shown to promote the efficacy of cell therapy, we interrogated the application of 17β-estradiol-enriched NSCs in a relevant in vivo disease model. We hypothesized that MHP36-Dax1KD cells will enhance functional recovery after transplantation in a stroke model. C57BL/6 male adult mice underwent ischemia/reperfusion by left middle cerebral artery occlusion for 45 min using an intraluminal thread. Two days later male mice randomly received vehicle, MHP36 cells, MHP36-Dax1KD cells, and MHP36 cells suspended in 17β-estradiol (100 nm) or 17β-estradiol alone (100 nm) with serial behavioral testing over 28 days followed by post-mortem histology and blinded analysis. Recovery of sensorimotor function was accelerated and enhanced, and lesion volume was reduced by MHP36-Dax1KD transplants. Regarding mechanisms, immunofluorescence indicated increased synaptic plasticity and neuronal differentiation after MHP36-Dax1KD transplants. In conclusion, knockdown of Dax-1 is a useful target to increase 17β-estradiol biosynthesis in NSCs and improves functional recovery after stroke in vivo, possibly mediated through neuroprotection and improved synaptic plasticity. Therefore, targeting 17β-estradiol biosynthesis in stem cells may be a promising therapeutic strategy for enhancing the efficacy of stem cell-based therapies for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalmali Patkar
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Dafe Uwanogho
- Department of Neuroscience, James Black Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michel Modo
- Department of Neuroscience, James Black Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Rothwelle J. Tate
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Robin Plevin
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Hilary V. O. Carswell
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Hilary V. O. Carswell
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23
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Alabi O, Abubakar A, Werkmeister A, Sule SD. Keeping the lights On or Off: tracking the progress of access to electricity for sustainable development in Nigeria. GeoJournal 2022; 88:1535-1558. [PMID: 35812840 PMCID: PMC9251031 DOI: 10.1007/s10708-022-10689-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper is focussed on employing satellite night lights (SNLs) to investigate access to electricity across the geographical regions in Nigeria. Specifically, we explore how SNLs interact with human and socioeconomic development indicators (population, poverty, and household consumption) to demonstrate the implications of slow and/or delayed progress in closing the electricity access gap in Nigeria. Our findings suggest that minimal progress has been made and there remains significant evidence of disproportionate spread of electricity across the country with most of the electricity visibility concentrated in the Southern regions, state capitals and industrial centres. Crucially, policy challenges and trade offs emerge. On one hand, is the need to address the long-standing issue of stranded and underutilised assets around power generation, transmission, and distribution and how these balance (or not) against additional and new capacity to enable sufficient, reliable and sustained electricity supply. On the other hand, is the challenge of ensuring that closing the access to electricity gap in Nigeria is done in a way that is just, fair, and equitable, with no part of society becoming worse-off or excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwafisayo Alabi
- Centre for Energy Policy, School of Government and Public Policy, University of Strathclyde, McCance Building, 16 Richmond Street, Glasgow, G1 1XQ UK
| | - Aisha Abubakar
- Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Royal College Building 204 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1XW UK
| | - Astrid Werkmeister
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Royal College Building 204 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1XW UK
| | - Suki Dauda Sule
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Royal College Building 204 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1XW UK
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24
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Phiri MM, MacPherson EE, Panulo M, Chidziwisano K, Kalua K, Chirambo CM, Kawalazira G, Gundah Z, Chunda P, Morse T. Preparedness for and impact of COVID-19 on primary health care delivery in urban and rural Malawi: a mixed methods study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e051125. [PMID: 35688583 PMCID: PMC9189546 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Across Africa, the impact of COVID-19 continues to be acutely felt. This includes Malawi, where a key component of health service delivery to mitigate against COVID-19 are the primary healthcare facilities, strategically placed throughout districts to offer primary and maternal healthcare. These facilities have limited infrastructure and capacity but are the most accessible and play a crucial role in responding to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study assessed health facility preparedness for COVID-19 and the impact of the pandemic on health service delivery and frontline workers. SETTING Primary and maternal healthcare in Blantyre District, Malawi. PARTICIPANTS We conducted regular visits to 31 healthcare facilities and a series of telephone-based qualitative interviews with frontline workers (n=81 with 38 participants) between August 2020 and May 2021. RESULTS Despite significant financial and infrastructural constraints, health centres continued to remain open. The majority of frontline health workers received training and access to preventative COVID-19 materials. Nevertheless, we found disruptions to key services and a reduction in clients attending facilities. Key barriers to implementing COVID-19 prevention measures included periodic shortages of resources (soap, hand sanitiser, water, masks and staff). Frontline workers reported challenges in managing physical distancing and in handling suspected COVID-19 cases. We found discrepancies between reported behaviour and practice, particularly with consistent use of masks, despite being provided. Frontline workers felt COVID-19 had negatively impacted their lives. They experienced fatigue and stress due to heavy workloads, stigma in the community and worries about becoming infected with and transmitting COVID-19. CONCLUSION Resource (human and material) inadequacy shaped the health facility capacity for support and response to COVID-19, and frontline workers may require psychosocial support to manage the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eleanor Elizabeth MacPherson
- Social Science Department, Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Mindy Panulo
- Department of Enviromental Health and WASHTED Centre, Polytechnic, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Kondwani Chidziwisano
- Department of Environmental Health, Polytechnic, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Khumbo Kalua
- Blantyre Institute for Community Outreach, Blantyre, Malawi
| | | | | | | | | | - Tracy Morse
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
- WASHTED Center, Polytechnic, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
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25
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Kay EJ, Paterson K, Riera-Domingo C, Sumpton D, Däbritz JHM, Tardito S, Boldrini C, Hernandez-Fernaud JR, Athineos D, Dhayade S, Stepanova E, Gjerga E, Neilson LJ, Lilla S, Hedley A, Koulouras G, McGregor G, Jamieson C, Johnson RM, Park M, Kirschner K, Miller C, Kamphorst JJ, Loayza-Puch F, Saez-Rodriguez J, Mazzone M, Blyth K, Zagnoni M, Zanivan S. Cancer-associated fibroblasts require proline synthesis by PYCR1 for the deposition of pro-tumorigenic extracellular matrix. Nat Metab 2022; 4:693-710. [PMID: 35760868 PMCID: PMC9236907 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00582-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Elevated production of collagen-rich extracellular matrix is a hallmark of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and a central driver of cancer aggressiveness. Here we find that proline, a highly abundant amino acid in collagen proteins, is newly synthesized from glutamine in CAFs to make tumour collagen in breast cancer xenografts. PYCR1 is a key enzyme for proline synthesis and highly expressed in the stroma of breast cancer patients and in CAFs. Reducing PYCR1 levels in CAFs is sufficient to reduce tumour collagen production, tumour growth and metastatic spread in vivo and cancer cell proliferation in vitro. Both collagen and glutamine-derived proline synthesis in CAFs are epigenetically upregulated by increased pyruvate dehydrogenase-derived acetyl-CoA levels. PYCR1 is a cancer cell vulnerability and potential target for therapy; therefore, our work provides evidence that targeting PYCR1 may have the additional benefit of halting the production of a pro-tumorigenic extracellular matrix. Our work unveils new roles for CAF metabolism to support pro-tumorigenic collagen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Kay
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Karla Paterson
- Centre for Microsystems and Photonics, EEE Department, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Carla Riera-Domingo
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Saverio Tardito
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Ekaterina Stepanova
- Translational Control and Metabolism, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Enio Gjerga
- Heidelberg University, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Bioquant, Heidelberg, Germany
- RWTH Aachen University, Faculty of Medicine, Joint Research Centre for Computational Biomedicine (JRC-COMBINE), Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Sergio Lilla
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ann Hedley
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Grace McGregor
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Craig Jamieson
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Thomas Graham Building, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Radia Marie Johnson
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Morag Park
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kristina Kirschner
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Crispin Miller
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jurre J Kamphorst
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Fabricio Loayza-Puch
- Translational Control and Metabolism, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julio Saez-Rodriguez
- Heidelberg University, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Bioquant, Heidelberg, Germany
- RWTH Aachen University, Faculty of Medicine, Joint Research Centre for Computational Biomedicine (JRC-COMBINE), Aachen, Germany
| | - Massimiliano Mazzone
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karen Blyth
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Michele Zagnoni
- Centre for Microsystems and Photonics, EEE Department, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sara Zanivan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK.
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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26
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Lasserre P, Balansethupathy B, Vezza VJ, Butterworth A, Macdonald A, Blair EO, McAteer L, Hannah S, Ward AC, Hoskisson PA, Longmuir A, Setford S, Farmer ECW, Murphy ME, Flynn H, Corrigan DK. SARS-CoV-2 Aptasensors Based on Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy and Low-Cost Gold Electrode Substrates. Anal Chem 2022; 94:2126-2133. [PMID: 35043638 PMCID: PMC8790822 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic practices broadly involve either quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)-based nucleic amplification of viral sequences or antigen-based tests such as lateral flow assays (LFAs). Reverse transcriptase-qPCR can detect viral RNA and is the gold standard for sensitivity. However, the technique is time-consuming and requires expensive laboratory infrastructure and trained staff. LFAs are lower in cost and near real time, and because they are antigen-based, they have the potential to provide a more accurate indication of a disease state. However, LFAs are reported to have low real-world sensitivity and in most cases are only qualitative. Here, an antigen-based electrochemical aptamer sensor is presented, which has the potential to address some of these shortfalls. An aptamer, raised to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, was immobilized on a low-cost gold-coated polyester substrate adapted from the blood glucose testing industry. Clinically relevant detection levels for SARS-CoV-2 are achieved in a simple, label-free measurement format using sample incubation times as short as 15 min on nasopharyngeal swab samples. This assay can readily be optimized for mass manufacture and is compatible with a low-cost meter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perrine Lasserre
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Strathclyde, 106 Rottenrow East, Glasgow G4 0NW, U.K.
| | | | - Vincent J. Vezza
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Strathclyde, 106 Rottenrow East, Glasgow G4 0NW, U.K.
| | - Adrian Butterworth
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Strathclyde, 106 Rottenrow East, Glasgow G4 0NW, U.K.
| | - Alexander Macdonald
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Strathclyde, 106 Rottenrow East, Glasgow G4 0NW, U.K.
| | - Ewen O. Blair
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Strathclyde, 106 Rottenrow East, Glasgow G4 0NW, U.K.
| | - Liam McAteer
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Strathclyde, 106 Rottenrow East, Glasgow G4 0NW, U.K.
| | - Stuart Hannah
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Strathclyde, 106 Rottenrow East, Glasgow G4 0NW, U.K.
| | - Andrew C. Ward
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Strathclyde, 75 Montrose Street, Glasgow G1 1XJ, U.K.
| | - Paul A. Hoskisson
- Strathclyde
Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences (SIPBS), University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, U.K.
| | - Alistair Longmuir
- LifeScan
Scotland Ltd, Beechwood Park North, Inverness IV2 3ED, U.K.
| | - Steven Setford
- LifeScan
Scotland Ltd, Beechwood Park North, Inverness IV2 3ED, U.K.
| | - Eoghan C. W. Farmer
- NHS GGC,
Department of Microbiology, Glasgow Royal
Infirmary, NEW Lister Building, Glasgow G31 2ER, United Kingdom
| | - Michael E. Murphy
- NHS GGC,
Department of Microbiology, Glasgow Royal
Infirmary, NEW Lister Building, Glasgow G31 2ER, United Kingdom
- School
of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, College of Medical Veterinary
& Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Harriet Flynn
- Aptamer
Group, Suite 2.78−2.91,
Bio Centre, Innovation Way, Heslington, York YO10 5NY, U.K.
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral
Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Damion K. Corrigan
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Strathclyde, 106 Rottenrow East, Glasgow G4 0NW, U.K.
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27
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Kieswetter NS, Ozturk M, Hlaka L, Chia JE, Nichol RJO, Cross JM, McGee LMC, Tyson-Hirst I, Beveridge R, Brombacher F, Carter KC, Suckling CJ, Scott FJ, Guler R. OUP accepted manuscript. J Antimicrob Chemother 2022; 77:1061-1071. [PMID: 35084027 PMCID: PMC8969509 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkac001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Objectives Methods Results Conclusions
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan S. Kieswetter
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town Component, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
- Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Mumin Ozturk
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town Component, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
- Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Lerato Hlaka
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town Component, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
- Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Julius Ebua Chia
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town Component, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
- Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Ryan J. O. Nichol
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland
| | - Jasmine M. Cross
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland
| | - Leah M. C. McGee
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland
| | - Izaak Tyson-Hirst
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland
| | - Rebecca Beveridge
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland
| | - Frank Brombacher
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town Component, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
- Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Katharine C. Carter
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy of Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NR, Scotland
| | - Colin J. Suckling
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland
| | - Fraser J. Scott
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland
| | - Reto Guler
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town Component, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
- Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
- Corresponding author. E-mail:
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28
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Boumpouli M, Sauvage EL, Capelli C, Schievano S, Kazakidi A. Characterization of Flow Dynamics in the Pulmonary Bifurcation of Patients With Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot: A Computational Approach. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:703717. [PMID: 34660711 PMCID: PMC8514754 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.703717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The hemodynamic environment of the pulmonary bifurcation is of great importance for adult patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot (rTOF) due to possible complications in the pulmonary valve and narrowing of the left pulmonary artery (LPA). The aim of this study was to computationally investigate the effect of geometrical variability and flow split on blood flow characteristics in the pulmonary trunk of patient-specific models. Data from a cohort of seven patients was used retrospectively and the pulmonary hemodynamics was investigated using averaged and MRI-derived patient-specific boundary conditions on the individualized models, as well as a statistical mean geometry. Geometrical analysis showed that curvature and tortuosity are higher in the LPA branch, compared to the right pulmonary artery (RPA), resulting in complex flow patterns in the LPA. The computational analysis also demonstrated high time-averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS) at the outer wall of the LPA and the wall of the RPA proximal to the junction. Similar TAWSS patterns were observed for averaged boundary conditions, except for a significantly modified flow split assigned at the outlets. Overall, this study enhances our understanding about the flow development in the pulmonary bifurcation of rTOF patients and associates some morphological characteristics with hemodynamic parameters, highlighting the importance of patient-specificity in the models. To confirm these findings, further studies are required with a bigger cohort of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Boumpouli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Emilie L. Sauvage
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claudio Capelli
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Schievano
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Asimina Kazakidi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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29
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Locatelli C, Lemonidis K, Salaun C, Tomkinson NCO, Chamberlain LH. Identification of key features required for efficient S-acylation and plasma membrane targeting of sprouty-2. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs249664. [PMID: 33037124 PMCID: PMC7657471 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.249664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sprouty-2 is an important regulator of growth factor signalling and a tumour suppressor protein. The defining feature of this protein is a cysteine-rich domain (CRD) that contains twenty-six cysteine residues and is modified by S-acylation. In this study, we show that the CRD of sprouty-2 is differentially modified by S-acyltransferase enzymes. The high specificity/low activity zDHHC17 enzyme mediated restricted S-acylation of sprouty-2, and cysteine-265 and -268 were identified as key targets of this enzyme. In contrast, the low specificity/high activity zDHHC3 and zDHHC7 enzymes mediated more expansive modification of the sprouty-2 CRD. Nevertheless, S-acylation by all enzymes enhanced sprouty-2 expression, suggesting that S-acylation stabilises this protein. In addition, we identified two charged residues (aspartate-214 and lysine-223), present on opposite faces of a predicted α-helix in the CRD, which are essential for S-acylation of sprouty-2. Interestingly, mutations that perturbed S-acylation also led to a loss of plasma membrane localisation of sprouty-2 in PC12 cells. This study provides insight into the mechanisms and outcomes of sprouty-2 S-acylation, and highlights distinct patterns of S-acylation mediated by different classes of zDHHC enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Locatelli
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Kimon Lemonidis
- Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Christine Salaun
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Nicholas C O Tomkinson
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK
| | - Luke H Chamberlain
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
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Rohrbach S, Smith AJ, Pang JH, Poole DL, Tuttle T, Chiba S, Murphy JA. Concerted Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:16368-16388. [PMID: 30990931 PMCID: PMC6899550 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201902216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments in experimental and computational chemistry have identified a rapidly growing class of nucleophilic aromatic substitutions that proceed by concerted (cSN Ar) rather than classical, two-step, SN Ar mechanisms. Whereas traditional SN Ar reactions require substantial activation of the aromatic ring by electron-withdrawing substituents, such activating groups are not mandatory in the concerted pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Rohrbach
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of Strathclyde295 Cathedral StreetGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Andrew J. Smith
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of Strathclyde295 Cathedral StreetGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Jia Hao Pang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore637371Singapore
| | - Darren L. Poole
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research CentreGunnels Wood RoadStevenageSG1 2NYUK
| | - Tell Tuttle
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of Strathclyde295 Cathedral StreetGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Shunsuke Chiba
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore637371Singapore
| | - John A. Murphy
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of Strathclyde295 Cathedral StreetGlasgowG1 1XLUK
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Abstract
Silk is a remarkable biopolymer with a long history of medical use. Silk fabrications have a robust track record for load-bearing applications, including surgical threads and meshes, which are clinically approved for use in humans. The progression of top-down and bottom-up engineering approaches using silk as the basis of a drug delivery or cell-loaded matrix helped to re-ignite interest in this ancient material. This review comprehensively summarises the current applications of silk for tissue engineering and drug delivery, with specific reference to the eye. Additionally, the review also covers emerging trends for the use of silk as a biologically active biopolymer for the treatment of eye disorders. The review concludes with future capabilities of silk to contribute to advanced, electronically-enhanced ocular drug delivery concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon H Tran
- 37D Biosystems, Inc., 2372 Morse Avenue, Suite 433, Irvine, California, 92614, USA
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | - Clive G Wilson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | - F Philipp Seib
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK.
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Strasse 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany.
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Abstract
Lithium is the most successful mood stabilizer treatment for bipolar disorder. However, unlike conventional drugs that are designed to interact with a specific molecular target, the actions of lithium are distributed across many biological processes and pathways. Treatment response is subject to genetic variation between individuals and similar genetic variation may dictate susceptibility to side effects. Transcriptomic, genomic, and cell-model research strategies have all been deployed in the search for the genetic factors and biological systems that mediate the interaction between genetics and the therapeutic actions of lithium. In this review, recent findings from genome-wide studies and patient cell lines will be summarized and discussed from a standpoint that genuine progress is being made to define clinically useful mechanisms of this treatment, to place it in the context of bipolar disorder pathology, and to move towards a time when the prescription of lithium is targeted to those individuals who will derive the greatest benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin S Pickard
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To critique the evidence from recent and ongoing obesity prevention interventions in the first 1000 days in order to identify evidence gaps and weaknesses, and to make suggestions for more informative future intervention trials. RECENT FINDINGS Completed and ongoing intervention trials have had fairly modest effects, have been limited largely to high-income countries, and have used relatively short-term interventions and outcomes. Comparison of the evidence from completed prevention trials with the evidence from systematic reviews of behavioral risk factors shows that some life-course stages have been neglected (pre-conception and toddlerhood), and that interventions have neglected to target some important behavioral risk factors (maternal smoking during pregnancy, infant and child sleep). Finally, while obesity prevention interventions aim to modify body composition, few intervention trials have used body composition measures as outcomes, and this has limited their sensitivity to detect intervention effects. The new WHO Healthy Lifestyles Trajectory (HeLTI) initiative should address some of these weaknesses. Future early obesity prevention trials should be much more ambitious. They should, ideally: extend their interventions over the first 1000 days; have longer-term (childhood) outcomes, and improved outcome measures (body composition measures in addition to proxies for body composition such as the BMI for age); have greater emphasis on maternal smoking and child sleep; be global.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Reilly
- Physical Activity for Health Group, University of Strathclyde Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, G1 1XQ, UK.
| | - Anne Martin
- Physical Activity for Health Group, University of Strathclyde Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, G1 1XQ, UK
- Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH16 4UX, UK
| | - Adrienne R Hughes
- Physical Activity for Health Group, University of Strathclyde Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, G1 1XQ, UK
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Jacobs M, Marks Woolfson L, Hunter SC. Parental Attributions of Control for Child Behaviour and Their Relation to Discipline Practices in Parents of Children with and Without Developmental Delays. J Child Fam Stud 2017; 26:1713-1722. [PMID: 28572717 PMCID: PMC5429906 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-017-0676-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Children with developmental delays (DD) are at risk for developing behavior problems. Research suggests that parents' causal attributions for child behavior are related to parenting. This study investigated this association in parents of children with DD compared to parents of typically developing (TD) children. It specifically focused on attributions of child control by separating these from attributions of responsibility, blame and intent, and from attributions of parent control and responsibility. Fifty-one parents of children with DD and 69 parents of TD children completed two questionnaires. The Written Analogue Questionnaire measured causal attributions. The Parenting Scale measured dysfunctional discipline practices. Parents of children with DD viewed the child's role in problematic behavior more positively while also viewing misbehavior as more fixed than parents of TD children. Parents of TD children who viewed their child as more in control over misbehavior used less dysfunctional discipline, but this association was not found for parents of children with DD. The results advance understanding of how parents perceive behavior problems in children with DD and the important role these perceptions play in parental behavior management strategies. More importantly, these perceptions relate to discipline practices differently for parents of children with DD compared to parents of TD children, highlighting that parent interventions should be adapted to the specific needs of parents of children with DD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrthe Jacobs
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, 6th floor, Graham Hills Building, 40 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1QE United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Marks Woolfson
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, 6th floor, Graham Hills Building, 40 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1QE United Kingdom
| | - Simon C. Hunter
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, 6th floor, Graham Hills Building, 40 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1QE United Kingdom
- Graduate School of Education, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Centre for Health Policy, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Knapp CW, Callan AC, Aitken B, Shearn R, Koenders A, Hinwood A. Relationship between antibiotic resistance genes and metals in residential soil samples from Western Australia. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:2484-2494. [PMID: 27822686 PMCID: PMC5340841 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7997-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Increasing drug-resistant infections have drawn research interest towards examining environmental bacteria and the discovery that many factors, including elevated metal conditions, contribute to proliferation of antibiotic resistance (AR). This study examined 90 garden soils from Western Australia to evaluate predictions of antibiotic resistance genes from total metal conditions by comparing the concentrations of 12 metals and 13 genes related to tetracycline, beta-lactam and sulphonamide resistance. Relationships existed between metals and genes, but trends varied. All metals, except Se and Co, were related to at least one AR gene in terms of absolute gene numbers, but only Al, Mn and Pb were associated with a higher percentage of soil bacteria exhibiting resistance, which is a possible indicator of population selection. Correlations improved when multiple factors were considered simultaneously in a multiple linear regression model, suggesting the possibility of additive effects occurring. Soil-metal concentrations must be considered when determining risks of AR in the environment and the proliferation of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles W Knapp
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, G1 1XJ, UK.
| | - Anna C Callan
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
| | - Beatrice Aitken
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, G1 1XJ, UK
| | - Rylan Shearn
- Centre for Ecosystem Management, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
| | - Annette Koenders
- Centre for Ecosystem Management, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
| | - Andrea Hinwood
- Centre for Ecosystem Management, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
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Barrenechea GR, Boulton L, Boussaïd N. Local two-sided bounds for eigenvalues of self-adjoint operators. Numer Math (Heidelb) 2016; 135:953-986. [PMID: 28615746 PMCID: PMC5445552 DOI: 10.1007/s00211-016-0822-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We examine the equivalence between an extension of the Lehmann-Maehly-Goerisch method developed a few years ago by Zimmermann and Mertins, and a geometrically motivated method developed more recently by Davies and Plum. We establish a general framework which allows sharpening various previously known results in these two settings and determine explicit convergence estimates for both methods. We demonstrate the applicability of the method of Zimmermann and Mertins by means of numerical tests on the resonant cavity problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. R. Barrenechea
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Strathclyde, 26 Richmond Street, Glasgow, G1 1XH Scotland
| | - L. Boulton
- Department of Mathematics and Maxwell Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS UK
| | - N. Boussaïd
- Laboratoirde de Mathématiques, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Université de Franche-Comté, 16, route de Gray, Besançon, 25030 France
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Barrenechea GR, Burman E, Karakatsani F. Edge-based nonlinear diffusion for finite element approximations of convection-diffusion equations and its relation to algebraic flux-correction schemes. Numer Math (Heidelb) 2016; 135:521-545. [PMID: 28615743 PMCID: PMC5445553 DOI: 10.1007/s00211-016-0808-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
For the case of approximation of convection-diffusion equations using piecewise affine continuous finite elements a new edge-based nonlinear diffusion operator is proposed that makes the scheme satisfy a discrete maximum principle. The diffusion operator is shown to be Lipschitz continuous and linearity preserving. Using these properties we provide a full stability and error analysis, which, in the diffusion dominated regime, shows existence, uniqueness and optimal convergence. Then the algebraic flux correction method is recalled and we show that the present method can be interpreted as an algebraic flux correction method for a particular definition of the flux limiters. The performance of the method is illustrated on some numerical test cases in two space dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel R. Barrenechea
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Strathclyde, 26 Richmond Street, Glasgow, G1 1XH UK
| | - Erik Burman
- Department of Mathematics, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BY UK
| | - Fotini Karakatsani
- Department of Mathematics, University of Chester, Thornton Science Park, Chester, CH2 4NU UK
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