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Meeks KR, Ji J, Protopopov MV, Tarkhanova OO, Moroz YS, Tanner JJ. Novel Fragment Inhibitors of PYCR1 from Docking-Guided X-ray Crystallography. J Chem Inf Model 2024; 64:1704-1718. [PMID: 38411104 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c01879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The proline biosynthetic enzyme Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) reductase 1 (PYCR1) is one of the most consistently upregulated enzymes across multiple cancer types and central to the metabolic rewiring of cancer cells. Herein, we describe a fragment-based, structure-first approach to the discovery of PYCR1 inhibitors. Thirty-seven fragment-like carboxylic acids in the molecular weight range of 143-289 Da were selected from docking and then screened using X-ray crystallography as the primary assay. Strong electron density was observed for eight compounds, corresponding to a crystallographic hit rate of 22%. The fragments are novel compared to existing proline analog inhibitors in that they block both the P5C substrate pocket and the NAD(P)H binding site. Four hits showed inhibition of PYCR1 in kinetic assays, and one has lower apparent IC50 than the current best proline analog inhibitor. These results show proof-of-concept for our inhibitor discovery approach and provide a basis for fragment-to-lead optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaylen R Meeks
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Juan Ji
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | | | - Olga O Tarkhanova
- Chemspace LLC, 85 Chervonotkatska Street, Suite 1, Kyïv 02094, Ukraine
| | - Yurii S Moroz
- Chemspace LLC, 85 Chervonotkatska Street, Suite 1, Kyïv 02094, Ukraine
- Department of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyïv, Kyïv 01601, Ukraine
| | - John J Tanner
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
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2
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Wu G, Qin S, Gu K, Zhou Y. PYCR2, induced by c-Myc, promotes the invasiveness and metastasis of breast cancer by activating AKT signalling pathway. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2024; 166:106506. [PMID: 38101533 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2023.106506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 2 (PYCR2) expression is aberrantly upregulated in colon cancer. However, the functions and underlying mechanisms of PYCR2 in breast cancer remain elusive. The primary objective of the present study was to elucidate the function of PYCR2 in breast cancer and investigate whether PYCR2 may be transcriptionally regulated by c-Myc to activate the AKT signaling pathway. METHODS Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to examine the expression of PYCR2 in breast cancer and adjacent non-cancerous tissues. Western blot and RT-qPCR were utilized to detect PYCR2 expression in breast cancer cells. Cellular functionalities were evaluated through Transwell assays in vitro and lung metastasis formation assays in vivo. Moreover, the impact of PYCR2 on the activation of AKT signaling was determined through western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis. The transcriptional regulation of PYCR2 expression by c-Myc was evaluated via both western blot analysis and luciferase gene reporter assay. RESULTS PYCR2 overexpression was noted in breast cancer. Silencing PYCR2 expression attenuated the invasive and metastatic abilities of breast cancer cells. Furthermore, the activation of the AKT signaling pathway is indispensable for the promotion of invasion and metastasis mediated by PYCR2. Lastly, the binding of c-Myc to the promoter sequence of PYCR2 resulted in the upregulation of PYCR2 transcription. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results indicate that PYCR2 is transcriptionally regulated by c-Myc and promotes invasion and metastasis in breast cancer through the activation of the AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wu
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214062, China.
| | | | - Ke Gu
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214062, China.
| | - Yanjun Zhou
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214062, China.
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Wang Q, Xie Z, Li C, Xu C, Ding C, Ju S, Chen J, Cui Z, Chen C, Gu B, Wei T, Zhao J. CRIF1 promotes the progression of non-small-cell lung cancer by SIRT3- mediated deacetylation of PYCR1. J Mol Histol 2022; 53:657-667. [PMID: 35716330 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-022-10075-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the cancer with the highest mortality in the world. So further exploration of the pathogenesis of lung cancer is of great significance. In this study, the specific role and related mechanism of CRIF1 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were explored in this research. TheRT-PCR, western blot and IHC assays were used to examine the expression level of CRIF1 in NSCLC tissue, tissue adjacent to carcinoma, NSCLC cell lines and human normal lung epithelial cells. Next, colony formation assay, Alamar blue Kit and EdU assays were employed to examine the proliferation of transfected A549 and NCI-H2009 cells. Measurement of mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening, ATP production and cellular oxygen consumption were used to evaluate the mitochondrial apoptosis of transfected NSCLC cells. Enzymatic activity assays for PYCR1, western blot and flow cytometry assays were used to explore the relationship between PYCR1 and CRIF1. The subcutaneous xenograft tumor mice model was established to explore the role of CRIF1 in vivo. Collectively, results revealed that CRIF1 was upregulated in NSCLC cells and tissues (p < 0.001). CRIF1 promoted proliferation of NSCLC cells (p < 0.001). CRIF1 inhibited mitochondrial apoptosis in NSCLC cells (p < 0.05). Moreover, CRIF1 promoted PYCR1 deacetylation and increased its activity through SIRT3 (p < 0.05). Deacetylation of PYCR1 reversed the antitumor effect of CRIF1 knockdown (p < 0.05). Finally, knockdown of CRIF1 inhibited the tumor growth of NSCLC in vivo (p < 0.05).This research found that CRIF1 promoted the progression of non-small-cell lung cancer by SIRT3- mediated deacetylation of PYCR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 899, Ping Hai Road, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Huai'an No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, 223300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhuolin Xie
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 899, Ping Hai Road, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 899, Ping Hai Road, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chun Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 899, Ping Hai Road, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cheng Ding
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 899, Ping Hai Road, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sheng Ju
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 899, Ping Hai Road, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 899, Ping Hai Road, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zihan Cui
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 899, Ping Hai Road, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 899, Ping Hai Road, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Huai'an No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, 223300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Biao Gu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 899, Ping Hai Road, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Huai'an No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, 223300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tengteng Wei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 899, Ping Hai Road, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 899, Ping Hai Road, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China.
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Kay EJ, Paterson K, Riera-Domingo C, Sumpton D, Däbritz JHM, Tardito S, Boldrini C, Hernandez-Fernaud JR, Athineos D, Dhayade S, Stepanova E, Gjerga E, Neilson LJ, Lilla S, Hedley A, Koulouras G, McGregor G, Jamieson C, Johnson RM, Park M, Kirschner K, Miller C, Kamphorst JJ, Loayza-Puch F, Saez-Rodriguez J, Mazzone M, Blyth K, Zagnoni M, Zanivan S. Cancer-associated fibroblasts require proline synthesis by PYCR1 for the deposition of pro-tumorigenic extracellular matrix. Nat Metab 2022; 4:693-710. [PMID: 35760868 PMCID: PMC9236907 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00582-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Elevated production of collagen-rich extracellular matrix is a hallmark of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and a central driver of cancer aggressiveness. Here we find that proline, a highly abundant amino acid in collagen proteins, is newly synthesized from glutamine in CAFs to make tumour collagen in breast cancer xenografts. PYCR1 is a key enzyme for proline synthesis and highly expressed in the stroma of breast cancer patients and in CAFs. Reducing PYCR1 levels in CAFs is sufficient to reduce tumour collagen production, tumour growth and metastatic spread in vivo and cancer cell proliferation in vitro. Both collagen and glutamine-derived proline synthesis in CAFs are epigenetically upregulated by increased pyruvate dehydrogenase-derived acetyl-CoA levels. PYCR1 is a cancer cell vulnerability and potential target for therapy; therefore, our work provides evidence that targeting PYCR1 may have the additional benefit of halting the production of a pro-tumorigenic extracellular matrix. Our work unveils new roles for CAF metabolism to support pro-tumorigenic collagen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Kay
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Karla Paterson
- Centre for Microsystems and Photonics, EEE Department, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Carla Riera-Domingo
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Saverio Tardito
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Ekaterina Stepanova
- Translational Control and Metabolism, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Enio Gjerga
- Heidelberg University, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Bioquant, Heidelberg, Germany
- RWTH Aachen University, Faculty of Medicine, Joint Research Centre for Computational Biomedicine (JRC-COMBINE), Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Sergio Lilla
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ann Hedley
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Grace McGregor
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Craig Jamieson
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Thomas Graham Building, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Radia Marie Johnson
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Morag Park
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kristina Kirschner
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Crispin Miller
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jurre J Kamphorst
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Fabricio Loayza-Puch
- Translational Control and Metabolism, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julio Saez-Rodriguez
- Heidelberg University, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Bioquant, Heidelberg, Germany
- RWTH Aachen University, Faculty of Medicine, Joint Research Centre for Computational Biomedicine (JRC-COMBINE), Aachen, Germany
| | - Massimiliano Mazzone
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karen Blyth
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Michele Zagnoni
- Centre for Microsystems and Photonics, EEE Department, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sara Zanivan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK.
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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5
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Westbrook RL, Bridges E, Roberts J, Escribano-Gonzalez C, Eales KL, Vettore LA, Walker PD, Vera-Siguenza E, Rana H, Cuozzo F, Eskla KL, Vellama H, Shaaban A, Nixon C, Luuk H, Lavery GG, Hodson DJ, Harris AL, Tennant DA. Proline synthesis through PYCR1 is required to support cancer cell proliferation and survival in oxygen-limiting conditions. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110320. [PMID: 35108535 PMCID: PMC8822494 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The demands of cancer cell proliferation alongside an inadequate angiogenic response lead to insufficient oxygen availability in the tumor microenvironment. Within the mitochondria, oxygen is the major electron acceptor for NADH, with the result that the reducing potential produced through tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle activity and mitochondrial respiration are functionally linked. As the oxidizing activity of the TCA cycle is required for efficient synthesis of anabolic precursors, tumoral hypoxia could lead to a cessation of proliferation without another means of correcting the redox imbalance. We show that in hypoxic conditions, mitochondrial pyrroline 5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1) activity is increased, oxidizing NADH with the synthesis of proline as a by-product. We further show that PYCR1 activity is required for the successful maintenance of hypoxic regions by permitting continued TCA cycle activity, and that its loss leads to significantly increased hypoxia in vivo and in 3D culture, resulting in widespread cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Westbrook
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Esther Bridges
- Hypoxia and Angiogenesis Group, Cancer Research UK Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Jennie Roberts
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Cristina Escribano-Gonzalez
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Katherine L Eales
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Lisa A Vettore
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Paul D Walker
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Elias Vera-Siguenza
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Himani Rana
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Federica Cuozzo
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Kattri-Liis Eskla
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Centre of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Hans Vellama
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Centre of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Abeer Shaaban
- University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Colin Nixon
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, University of Glasgow, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Hendrik Luuk
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Centre of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Gareth G Lavery
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - David J Hodson
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Adrian L Harris
- Hypoxia and Angiogenesis Group, Cancer Research UK Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Daniel A Tennant
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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6
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Abstract
Δ1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) reductase (PYCR or P5CR) catalyzes the conversion of P5C to L-proline (Pro) with concomitant oxidation of a cofactor, NADPH or NADH. Mammalian PYCR have been studied since 1950' and currently three isozymes of human PYCR, 1, 2, and L, have been identified and characterized and their roles in genetic diseases and cancer biology have been keenly investigated. These three isozymes are encoded by three different genes localized at three different chromosomes, and catalyze NAD(P)H-dependent reduction of P5C to Pro important for the transfer of oxidizing potential across the mitochondrion and cell. The review summarizes the current understanding of these three human PYCR isozymes and their roles in diseases with a focus on cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-An A Hu
- MSC08 4670, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131-0001, USA.
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7
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Forlani G, Sabbioni G, Ragno D, Petrollino D, Borgatti M. Phenyl-substituted aminomethylene-bisphosphonates inhibit human P5C reductase and show antiproliferative activity against proline-hyperproducing tumour cells. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:1248-1257. [PMID: 34107832 PMCID: PMC8205077 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1919890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In certain cancers, such as breast, prostate and some lung and skin cancers, the gene for the enzyme catalysing the second and last step in proline synthesis, δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) reductase, has been found upregulated. This leads to a higher proline content that exacerbates the effects of the so-called proline-P5C cycle, with tumour cells effectively using this method to increase cell survival. If a method of reducing or inhibiting P5C reductase could be discovered, it would provide new means of treating cancer. To address this point, the effect of some phenyl-substituted derivatives of aminomethylene-bisphosphonic acid, previously found to interfere with the catalytic activity of plant and bacterial P5C reductases, was evaluated in vitro on the human isoform 1 (PYCR1), expressed in E. coli and affinity purified. The 3.5-dibromophenyl- and 3.5-dichlorophenyl-derivatives showed a remarkable effectiveness, with IC50 values lower than 1 µM and a mechanism of competitive type against both P5C and NADPH. The actual occurrence in vivo of enzyme inhibition was assessed on myelogenous erythroleukemic K562 and epithelial breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell lines, whose growth was progressively impaired by concentrations of the dibromo derivative ranging from 10-6 to 10-4 M. Interestingly, growth inhibition was not relieved by the exogenous supply of proline, suggesting that the effect relies on the interference with the proline-P5C cycle, and not on proline starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Forlani
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sabbioni
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Daniele Ragno
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Davide Petrollino
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Monica Borgatti
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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8
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Li Z, Zhou X, Huang J, Xu Z, Xing C, Yang J, Zhou X. MicroRNA hsa-miR-150-5p inhibits nasopharyngeal carcinogenesis by suppressing PYCR1 (pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1). Bioengineered 2021; 12:9766-9778. [PMID: 34696668 PMCID: PMC8810012 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1995102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal cancer is a rare cancer type, but with a low five-year survival rate. Dysregulation of pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1) and microRNA hsa-miR-150-5p is involved in the development of various cancers. However, the molecular mechanism of the hsa-miR-150-5p-PYCR1 axis in nasopharyngeal cancer remains unclear. To identify the mechanism of the hsa-miR-150-5p-PYCR1 axis, the expression of hsa-miR-150-5p and PYCR1 in nasopharyngeal cancer tissues and cells was first measured by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The luciferase and RNA pull-down assays were used to confirm the interaction between hsa-miR-150-5p and PYCR1. The overexpression of hsa-miR-150-5p and PYCR1 was detected by cell viability, proliferation, western blotting, migration, and invasion in nasopharyngeal cancer cells. The expression levels of hsa-miR-150-5p was reduced in the nasopharyngeal cancer tissues and cells and were negatively correlated with the PYCR1 levels. The upregulation of hsa-miR-150-5p significantly repressed cell growth and promoted apoptosis. However, the upregulation of PYCR1 expression significantly promoted nasopharyngeal carcinogenesis, which could abolish the inhibitory effect of hsa-miR-150-5p. In conclusion, we clarified that hsa-miR-150-5p attenuated nasopharyngeal carcinogenesis by reducing the PYCR1 expression levels. This provides a new perspective of nasopharyngeal cancer involving both hsa-miR-150-5p and PYCR1 for the treatment of nasopharyngeal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqun Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiaoliu Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Jiajun Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Zhencai Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Chengliang Xing
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Junwei Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Xuejun Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
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9
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Chen C, Cui X, Zhang P, Wang Z, Zhang J. Expression of the pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (P5CR) gene from the wild grapevine Vitis yeshanensis promotes drought resistance in transgenic Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol Biochem 2021; 168:188-201. [PMID: 34649022 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Proline accumulation is one of the most common reactions in plants under drought stress. Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (P5CR) is the final enzyme and plays an important role in proline biosynthesis. The Chinese wild grapevine Vitis yeshanensis J.X. Chen accession 'Yanshan-1' is highly resistant to drought, but the genetic and molecular mechanisms associated with this resistance have not been elucidated. Here, we cloned a VyP5CR gene (Genbank ID: MZ226960) from 'Yanshan-1', and evaluated its transcriptional response to drought, NaCl, cold, as well as exogenous ABA, MeJA and SA. Tissue specific analysis showed that VyP5CR could be expressed in various organs and was highly expressed in roots. To gain insight into the roles of VyP5CR, we overexpressed VyP5CR in Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis). Transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing VyP5CR showed enhanced survival rate, smaller stomata in response to severe drought, as well as stronger root growth on a medium containing mannitol. Under drought stress, VyP5CR-OE plants showed reduced levels of MDA, H2O2 and O2-, and higher proline content, SOD and POD activity. In addition, VyP5CR-OE plants showed increased induction of the drought-related genes COR15A, COR47, DREB2A, KIN1, NCED3 and RD29A. Taken together, these experiments reveal that VyP5CR can promote the drought tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis. Besides, an interacting protein with VyP5CR, VyCSN5B (COP9 signalosome complex subunit 5b), was screened out by yeast two-hybrid and verified by bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Chen
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Xiaoyue Cui
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Pingying Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Zheng Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Jianxia Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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10
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Xu H, He Y, Lin L, Li M, Zhou Z, Yang Y. MiR-1207-5p targets PYCR1 to inhibit the progression of prostate cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 575:56-64. [PMID: 34461437 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer, the most common non-cutaneous male cancer, is a public health problem with a third prevalence worldwide. PYCR1 and miR-1207-5p dysregulations were found in cancer progression. Our study aims to reveal the biological role of miR-1207-5p-PYCR1 axis in prostate cancer progression. First, we investigated the expression of miR-1207-5p in prostate cancer tissues and cell lines by RT-qPCR. Next, we confirmed miR-1207-5p targeting PYCR1 by luciferase assay. CCK-8 assay, BrdU assay, flow cytometry, and tanswell assay were applied for examining cell proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion in prostate cancer cells, respectively. In the present study, decreased miR-1207-5p expression was obviously observed in prostate cancer tissues and cells. Upregulation of miR-1207-5p hampered cellular proliferation and invasion, while enhanced cellular apoptosis. In addition, upregulation of PYCR1 elevated cell proliferation and invasion, but repressed apoptosis of prostate cancer cells. Moreover, miR-1207-5p inhibited the expression of PYCR1 to repress prostate cancer tumorigenesis. MiR-1207-5p inhibited the expression of PYCR1 to repress the progression of prostate cancer by inhibiting cell growth and elevating cell apoptosis. Overall, our study clarifies the biological role of miR-1207-5p-PYCR1 axis in prostate cancer progression, which might be effective biomarkers for clinical treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan He
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Meixiang Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Zeqiang Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China.
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11
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Zhang T, Liu Y, Liu W, Li Q, Hou W, Huang Y, Lv P, Meng L, Li Y, Jia Y, Liu X, Zuo Z. Increased PYCR1 mRNA predicts poor prognosis in kidney adenocarcinoma: A study based on TCGA database. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27145. [PMID: 34559102 PMCID: PMC8462611 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1) plays important roles in cancers, but its contribution to adenocarcinoma of the kidney (AK) and the potential mechanism remain to be clarified. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate the relationship between PYCR1 mRNA and AK based on The Cancer Genome Atlas database.PYCR1 mRNA in AK and normal tissues was compared using Wilcoxon rank sum test. The relationship between PYCR1 mRNA and clinicopathological characters was evaluated using logistic regression. The association between PYCR1 mRNA and survival rate was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier test and Cox regression of univariate and multivariate analysis. Additionally, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis was conducted to annotate the biological function of PYCR1 mRNA.Increased PYCR1 mRNA was found in AK tissues. Increased PYCR1 mRNA was related to high histologic grade, clinical stage, and lymph node and distant metastasis. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and univariate analysis showed that AK patients with increased PYCR1 mRNA had worse prognosis than those without. PYCR1 mRNA remained independently associated with overall survival (HR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.07-1.66; P = .009) in multivariate analysis. The Gene Set Enrichment Analysis suggested that ribosome, proteasome, inhibition of p53 signaling pathway, extracellular matrix receptor interaction, and homologous recombination were differentially enriched in increased PYCR1 mRNA phenotype.Increased PYCR1 mRNA is a potential marker in patients with AK. More importantly, p53 pathway, ribosome, proteasome, extracellular matrix receptor interaction, and homologous are differentially enriched in AK patients with increased PYCR1 mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Wenqiang Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Diabetic Cognitive and Perceptive Dysfunction, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Qunwang Li
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Wei Hou
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Pan Lv
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Lu Meng
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yinhua Li
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yunge Jia
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Xuezheng Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Diabetic Cognitive and Perceptive Dysfunction, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Zhongfu Zuo
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Diabetic Cognitive and Perceptive Dysfunction, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Postdoctoral Research Station, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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12
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Guo J, Cheng X, Tian Y, Li B, Zhang X, Gao X, An Y. Knockdown of PYCR1 suppressed the malignant phenotype of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells via inhibiting the AKT pathway activation. Reprod Biol 2021; 21:100534. [PMID: 34271243 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2021.100534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common and highly malignancy tumor. Pyrroline-5-carpoxylate reductase-1 (PYCR1) is an active enzyme involved in cell metabolism. In this study, we explored the role of PYCR1 in the HCC cell lines, Hep3B and HepG2. The expression of PYCR1 was up-regulated in liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) tissue by GEPIA. Meanwhile the overall survival rate (OS) showed that patients with high PYCR1 expression had a worse prognosis compared with patients with low PYCR1 level. In addition, knockdown of PYCR1 suppressed the proliferation, invasion and migration of Hep3B and HepG2 cells and promoted the apoptosis and G1 arrest. Knockdown of PYCR1 reduced the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and increased the expression of pro-apoptotic protein Bax and Caspase3. Furthermore, knockdown of PYCR1 changed the expression of p-AKT and its target gene Cyclin D1. In conclusion, knockdown of PYCR1 inhibited the malignant phenotype of human HCC cells by regulating the AKT pathway activation, which provides a potential strategy for the human HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Guo
- Department of Interventional Oncology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Xiaoyan Cheng
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis, No. 27 Xisanhuan North Road, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Yanjie Tian
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis, No. 27 Xisanhuan North Road, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Baoming Li
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis, No. 27 Xisanhuan North Road, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis, No. 27 Xisanhuan North Road, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Xuesong Gao
- Department of General Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Yunhe An
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis, No. 27 Xisanhuan North Road, Beijing 100089, China.
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13
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Xu Y, Zuo W, Wang X, Zhang Q, Gan X, Tan N, Jia W, Liu J, Li Z, Zhou B, Zhao D, Xie Z, Tan Y, Zheng S, Liu C, Li H, Chen Z, Yang X, Huang Z. Deciphering the effects of PYCR1 on cell function and its associated mechanism in hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:2223-2239. [PMID: 34239351 PMCID: PMC8241733 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.58026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1) has been associated with the development of certain cancers; however, no studies have specifically examined the role of PYCR1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Based on The Cancer Genome Atlas expression array and meta-analysis conducted using the Gene Expression Omnibus database, we determined that PYCR1 was upregulated in HCC compared to adjacent nontumor tissues (P < 0.05). These data were verified using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry analysis. Additionally, patients with low PYCR1 expression showed a higher overall survival rate than patients with high PYCR1 expression. Furthermore, PYCR1 overexpression was associated with the female sex, higher levels of alpha-fetoprotein, advanced clinical stages (III and IV), and a younger age (< 45 years old). Silencing of PYCR1 inhibited cell proliferation, invasive migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and metastatic properties in HCC in vitro and in vivo. Using RNA sequencing and bioinformatics tools for data-dependent network analysis, we found binary relationships among PYCR1 and its interacting proteins in defined pathway modules. These findings indicated that PYCR1 played a multifunctional role in coordinating a variety of biological pathways involved in cell communication, cell proliferation and growth, cell migration, a mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade, ion binding, etc. The structural characteristics of key pathway components and PYCR1-interacting proteins were evaluated by molecular docking, and hotspot analysis showed that better affinities between PYCR1 and its interacting molecules were associated with the presence of arginine in the binding site. Finally, a candidate regulatory microRNA, miR-2355-5p, for PYCR1 mRNA was discovered in HCC. Overall, our study suggests that PYCR1 plays a vital role in HCC pathogenesis and may potentially serve as a molecular target for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhen Xu
- Department of pathology, Affiliated hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
- Scientific Research Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310000, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenpu Zuo
- Scientific Research Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
- Medical Scientific Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Scientific Research Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics Research, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Qinle Zhang
- Genetic and metabolic central laboratory, the maternal and children's health hospital of Guangxi, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiang Gan
- Scientific Research Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics Research, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Ning Tan
- Scientific Research Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Wenxian Jia
- Scientific Research Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics Research, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiayi Liu
- Scientific Research Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhouquan Li
- Scientific Research Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics Research, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Scientific Research Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics Research, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Dong Zhao
- Scientific Research Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhibin Xie
- Department of Urology, the Five Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Yanjun Tan
- Scientific Research Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics Research, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Shengfeng Zheng
- Scientific Research Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Chengwu Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Hongtao Li
- Scientific Research Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics Research, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhijian Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaoli Yang
- Scientific Research Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics Research, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhaoquan Huang
- Department of pathology, Affiliated hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi, China
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14
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Lu J, Lin J, Zhou Y, Ye K, Fang C. MiR-328-3p inhibits lung adenocarcinoma-genesis by downregulation PYCR1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 550:99-106. [PMID: 33706104 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A vast majority of patients with NSCLC (non-small cell lung cancer) have lung adenocarcinoma (LA), and the survival rate of LA varies from 5% to 75% depending on the severity of this adenocarcinoma. PYCR1 (abnormal pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1) gene and miR-328-3p have been found to be associated with cancer development. However, the underlying mechanism of interaction between miR-328-3p and PYCR1 in LA needs further investigation. METHODS The expressions of miR-328-3p and PYCR1 in samples with LA were identified by RT-qPCR. Next, we investigated the targeting relationship between these two biological factors using luciferase assay. CCK-8, BrdU, transwell-migration, and flow cytometry assays were performed to detect cell viability, cell proliferation, cell migration and cell apoptosis in LA cells. RESULTS We noticed that miR-328-3p expression was downregulated in LA samples. MiR-328-3p mimic restricted cell proliferation and cell migration, while it enhanced cell apoptosis. Furthermore, the overexpression of PYCR1 promoted the proliferation and migration of LA cells, but it repressed cell apoptosis. Moreover, PYCR1 directly interacted with miR-328-3p in the LA cells, and miR-328-3p restrained the expression of PYCR1, thus suppressing LA tumorigenesis. CONCLUSION In summary, our study revealed that miR-328-3p targeting to PYCR1 suppressed the malignancy of LA cells by impeding cell proliferation and migration, while effectively promoting cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancong Lu
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, 516001, Guangdong, China.
| | - Junhong Lin
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, 516001, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, 516001, Guangdong, China
| | - Kai Ye
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, 516001, Guangdong, China
| | - Changquan Fang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, 516001, Guangdong, China
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15
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Du S, Sui Y, Ren W, Zhou J, Du C. PYCR1 promotes bladder cancer by affecting the Akt/Wnt/β-catenin signaling. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2021; 53:247-258. [PMID: 33689096 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-021-09887-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1) plays a significant role in the malignant progression of various cancers. However, the role of PYCR1 in bladder cancer has not been well studied. This study was performed to evaluate the potential relevance of PYCR1 in bladder cancer. Our data revealed that PYCR1 expression was increased in bladder cancer tissues, and increased expression of PYCR1 was predictive of decreased survival rates. In bladder cancer cell lines, knockdown of PYCR1 caused significantly retarded cell growth and invasion, while PYCR1 overexpression accelerated cellular proliferation and invasion. Moreover, PYCR1 knockdown decreased levels of phosphorylated Akt, and enhanced activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Akt inhibition markedly abrogated of PYCR1 overexpression-mediated activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. In addition, overexpression of β-catenin partially reversed PYCR1 knockdown-mediated tumor suppression. Notably, PYCR1 knockdown significantly impeded tumor formation and growth in bladder cancer cells in vivo. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that PYCR1 is highly expressed in bladder cancer and knockdown of PYCR1 exerts a remarkable inhibitory effect on tumor formation via downregulation of Akt/Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Our study suggests a potential role for PYCR1 in promoting bladder cancer progression and indicates that PYCR1 may be utilized as an attractive and promising anticancer target for treatment of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangkuan Du
- Department of Urology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Yongjie Sui
- Department of Physical Examination, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, No.256 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, 710068, China.
| | - Wei Ren
- Department of Urology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Jiancheng Zhou
- Department of Urology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Chun Du
- Department of Urology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, China
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16
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Darzi M, Gorgin S, Majidzadeh-A K, Esmaeili R. Gene co-expression network analysis reveals immune cell infiltration as a favorable prognostic marker in non-uterine leiomyosarcoma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2339. [PMID: 33504899 PMCID: PMC7840729 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81952-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to improve the understanding of non-uterine leiomyosarcoma (NULMS) prognostic genes through system biology approaches. This cancer is heterogeneous and rare. Moreover, gene interaction networks have not been reported in NULMS yet. The datasets were obtained from the public gene expression databases. Seven co-expression modules were identified from 5000 most connected genes; using weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Using Cox regression, the modules showed favorable (HR = 0.6, 95% CI = 0.4-0.89, P = 0.0125), (HR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.44-0.98, P = 0.04) and poor (HR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.06-2.27, P = 0.025) prognosis to the overall survival (OS) (time = 3740 days). The first one was significant in multivariate HR estimates (HR = 0.4, 95% CI = 0.28-0.69, P = 0.0004). Enriched genes through the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) revealed significant immune-related pathways; suggesting immune cell infiltration as a favorable prognostic factor. The most significant protective genes were ICAM3, NCR3, KLRB1, and IL18RAP, which were in one of the significant modules. Moreover, genes related to angiogenesis, cell-cell adhesion, protein glycosylation, and protein transport such as PYCR1, SRM, and MDFI negatively affected the OS and were found in the other related module. In conclusion, our analysis suggests that NULMS might be a good candidate for immunotherapy. Moreover, the genes found in this study might be potential candidates for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Darzi
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Gorgin
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Keivan Majidzadeh-A
- Genetics Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rezvan Esmaeili
- Genetics Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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17
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Song W, Yang K, Luo J, Gao Z, Gao Y. Dysregulation of USP18/FTO/PYCR1 signaling network promotes bladder cancer development and progression. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:3909-3925. [PMID: 33461172 PMCID: PMC7906198 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine refers to a methylation of adenosine base at the 6th nitrogen position, which is the dominant methylation modification in both message and non-coding RNAs. Dysregulation of RNA m6A methylation causes tumorigenesis in humans. The key N6-methyladenosine demethylase fat-mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) is negatively correlated with the overall survival of bladder cancer patients, but the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated that the post-translational deubiquitination by USP18 up-regulates the protein but not mRNA of FTO in bladder cancer tissues and cells. As a result, FTO decreased N6-methyladenosine methylation level in PYCR1 through its demethylase enzymatic activity and stabilized PYCR1 transcript to promote bladder cancer initiation and progression. Our work shows the importance of N6-methyladenosine RNA modification in bladder cancer development, and highlights UPS18/FTO/PYCR1 signaling network as potential therapeutic targets of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- Department of Urology, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410005, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Department of Urology, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410005, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jianjun Luo
- Department of Urology, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410005, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhiyong Gao
- Department of Urology, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410005, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yunliang Gao
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
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Liu Z, Sun T, Zhang Z, Bi J, Kong C. An 18-gene signature based on glucose metabolism and DNA methylation improves prognostic prediction for urinary bladder cancer. Genomics 2021; 113:896-907. [PMID: 33096258 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucose metabolism and DNA methylation play important roles in cancers. We aimed to identify glucose metabolism-related genes that were DNA methylation associated to establish a prognostic signature of bladder cancer (BLCA). METHODS With BLCA sample transcriptome data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and methylation data from TCGA 450 K microarray, glucose metabolism-related genes associated to prognosis and DNA methylation were identified and a prognostic signature was established. GSEA and WGCNA analysis were performed and two genes, UCHL1 and PYCR1, were selected for functional validations. RESULTS 18 target genes were identified and the signature based on them was considered an effective and independent prognostic factor. Several pathways were enriched in the high-risk group by GSEA and three modules of genes were identified by WGCNA. UCHL1 and PYCR1 proliferated proliferation, migration and invasion ability of bladder cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS The 18-gene signature is an independent prognostic factor for bladder cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuonan Liu
- Department of Urology, Fist Hospital of China Medical University, School of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province 110004, PR China
| | - Tianshui Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, PR China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Urology, Fist Hospital of China Medical University, School of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province 110004, PR China
| | - Jianbin Bi
- Department of Urology, Fist Hospital of China Medical University, School of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province 110004, PR China.
| | - Chuize Kong
- Department of Urology, Fist Hospital of China Medical University, School of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province 110004, PR China.
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19
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Christensen EM, Bogner AN, Vandekeere A, Tam GS, Patel SM, Becker DF, Fendt SM, Tanner JJ. In crystallo screening for proline analog inhibitors of the proline cycle enzyme PYCR1. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:18316-18327. [PMID: 33109600 PMCID: PMC7939384 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.016106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1) catalyzes the biosynthetic half-reaction of the proline cycle by reducing Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) to proline through the oxidation of NAD(P)H. Many cancers alter their proline metabolism by up-regulating the proline cycle and proline biosynthesis, and knockdowns of PYCR1 lead to decreased cell proliferation. Thus, evidence is growing for PYCR1 as a potential cancer therapy target. Inhibitors of cancer targets are useful as chemical probes for studying cancer mechanisms and starting compounds for drug discovery; however, there is a notable lack of validated inhibitors for PYCR1. To fill this gap, we performed a small-scale focused screen of proline analogs using X-ray crystallography. Five inhibitors of human PYCR1 were discovered: l-tetrahydro-2-furoic acid, cyclopentanecarboxylate, l-thiazolidine-4-carboxylate, l-thiazolidine-2-carboxylate, and N-formyl l-proline (NFLP). The most potent inhibitor was NFLP, which had a competitive (with P5C) inhibition constant of 100 μm The structure of PYCR1 complexed with NFLP shows that inhibitor binding is accompanied by conformational changes in the active site, including the translation of an α-helix by 1 Å. These changes are unique to NFLP and enable additional hydrogen bonds with the enzyme. NFLP was also shown to phenocopy the PYCR1 knockdown in MCF10A H-RASV12 breast cancer cells by inhibiting de novo proline biosynthesis and impairing spheroidal growth. In summary, we generated the first validated chemical probe of PYCR1 and demonstrated proof-of-concept for screening proline analogs to discover inhibitors of the proline cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandra N Bogner
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Anke Vandekeere
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gabriela S Tam
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Sagar M Patel
- Department of Biochemistry, Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Donald F Becker
- Department of Biochemistry, Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Sarah-Maria Fendt
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - John J Tanner
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.
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20
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Guo L, Cui C, Wang J, Yuan J, Yang Q, Zhang P, Su W, Bao R, Ran J, Wu C. PINCH-1 regulates mitochondrial dynamics to promote proline synthesis and tumor growth. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4913. [PMID: 33004813 PMCID: PMC7529891 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18753-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Reprograming of proline metabolism is critical for tumor growth. Here we show that PINCH-1 is highly expressed in lung adenocarcinoma and promotes proline synthesis through regulation of mitochondrial dynamics. Knockout (KO) of PINCH-1 increases dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) expression and mitochondrial fragmentation, which suppresses kindlin-2 mitochondrial translocation and interaction with pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1), resulting in inhibition of proline synthesis and cell proliferation. Depletion of DRP1 reverses PINCH-1 deficiency-induced defects on mitochondrial dynamics, proline synthesis and cell proliferation. Furthermore, overexpression of PYCR1 in PINCH-1 KO cells restores proline synthesis and cell proliferation, and suppresses DRP1 expression and mitochondrial fragmentation. Finally, ablation of PINCH-1 from lung adenocarcinoma in mouse increases DRP1 expression and inhibits PYCR1 expression, proline synthesis, fibrosis and tumor growth. Our results identify a signaling axis consisting of PINCH-1, DRP1 and PYCR1 that regulates mitochondrial dynamics and proline synthesis, and suggest an attractive strategy for alleviation of tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Chunhong Cui
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jifan Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qingyang Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wen Su
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ruolu Bao
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingchao Ran
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chuanyue Wu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
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21
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Shenoy A, Belugali Nataraj N, Perry G, Loayza Puch F, Nagel R, Marin I, Balint N, Bossel N, Pavlovsky A, Barshack I, Kaufman B, Agami R, Yarden Y, Dadiani M, Geiger T. Proteomic patterns associated with response to breast cancer neoadjuvant treatment. Mol Syst Biol 2020; 16:e9443. [PMID: 32960509 PMCID: PMC7507992 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20209443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor relapse as a consequence of chemotherapy resistance is a major clinical challenge in advanced stage breast tumors. To identify processes associated with poor clinical outcome, we took a mass spectrometry-based proteomic approach and analyzed a breast cancer cohort of 113 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples. Proteomic profiling of matched tumors before and after chemotherapy, and tumor-adjacent normal tissue, all from the same patients, allowed us to define eight patterns of protein level changes, two of which correlate to better chemotherapy response. Supervised analysis identified two proteins of proline biosynthesis pathway, PYCR1 and ALDH18A1, that were significantly associated with resistance to treatment based on pattern dominance. Weighted gene correlation network analysis of post-treatment samples revealed that these proteins are associated with tumor relapse and affect patient survival. Functional analysis showed that knockdown of PYCR1 reduced invasion and migration capabilities of breast cancer cell lines. PYCR1 knockout significantly reduced tumor burden and increased drug sensitivity of orthotopically injected ER-positive tumor in vivo, thus emphasizing the role of PYCR1 in resistance to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Shenoy
- Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | | | - Gili Perry
- Sheba Medical CenterCancer Research CenterTel‐HashomerIsrael
| | | | - Remco Nagel
- Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Irina Marin
- Sheba Medical CenterPathology InstituteTel‐HashomerIsrael
| | - Nora Balint
- Sheba Medical CenterPathology InstituteTel‐HashomerIsrael
| | - Noa Bossel
- Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Anya Pavlovsky
- Sheba Medical CenterPathology InstituteTel‐HashomerIsrael
| | - Iris Barshack
- Sheba Medical CenterPathology InstituteTel‐HashomerIsrael
| | - Bella Kaufman
- Sheba Medical CenterOncology InstituteTel‐HashomerIsrael
| | - Reuven Agami
- Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamNetherlands
| | | | - Maya Dadiani
- Sheba Medical CenterCancer Research CenterTel‐HashomerIsrael
| | - Tamar Geiger
- Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
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22
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Gao Y, Luo L, Xie Y, Zhao Y, Yao J, Liu X. PYCR1 knockdown inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion by affecting JAK/STAT signaling pathway in lung adenocarcinoma. Mol Carcinog 2020; 59:503-511. [PMID: 32133692 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), as a form of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), is the most frequently diagnosed lung cancer worldwide. To date, a few biomarkers have been reported to provide valuable information in guiding LUAD treatment. The aim of our study was to explore the functional role of pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1) in LUAD. Based on Oncomine database, we found that PYCR1 was highly expressed in LUAD tissues. We also confirmed an abnormal increase of PYCR1 expression in LUAD cell lines and patients' tissues. Through Kaplan-Meier plotter database, we further studied the prognostic values of PYCR1. The outcomes indicated that overexpressed PYCR1 associated with poor prognosis among LUAD patients. To further study the function of PYCR1 in LUAD, cell counting kit-8, colony-forming, scratch wound healing, and Transwell assays were conducted. The results suggested that knockdown of PYCR1 curbed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in LUAD cell lines. Subsequently, we identified 50 top genes positively and negatively correlated with PYCR1 in LUAD, and conducted biological pathway enrichment analysis of these genes. Among those enriched pathways, we selected JAK/STAT signaling pathway for further analysis. The results of Western blot assays revealed that PYCR1 knockdown significantly increased the expression of Bcl-2 and c-Myc, and the phosphorylation level of JAK2 and STAT3. Taken together, this study unearthed that PYCR1 knockdown could inhibit tumor growth and affect the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in LUAD. This study may contribute to a better understanding of PYCR1 in LUAD and provide a potential biomarker for cancer prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Gao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lihua Luo
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yangchun Xie
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Rochester Regional Health/Unity Hospital, Rochester, New York
| | - Jie Yao
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xianling Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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23
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Choi UY, Lee JJ, Park A, Zhu W, Lee HR, Choi YJ, Yoo JS, Yu C, Feng P, Gao SJ, Chen S, Eoh H, Jung JU. Oncogenic human herpesvirus hijacks proline metabolism for tumorigenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:8083-8093. [PMID: 32213586 PMCID: PMC7149499 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1918607117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture is well documented to regain intrinsic metabolic properties and to better mimic the in vivo situation than two-dimensional (2D) cell culture. Particularly, proline metabolism is critical for tumorigenesis since pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) reductase (PYCR/P5CR) is highly expressed in various tumors and its enzymatic activity is essential for in vitro 3D tumor cell growth and in vivo tumorigenesis. PYCR converts the P5C intermediate to proline as a biosynthesis pathway, whereas proline dehydrogenase (PRODH) breaks down proline to P5C as a degradation pathway. Intriguingly, expressions of proline biosynthesis PYCR gene and proline degradation PRODH gene are up-regulated directly by c-Myc oncoprotein and p53 tumor suppressor, respectively, suggesting that the proline-P5C metabolic axis is a key checkpoint for tumor cell growth. Here, we report a metabolic reprogramming of 3D tumor cell growth by oncogenic Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), an etiological agent of Kaposi's sarcoma and primary effusion lymphoma. Metabolomic analyses revealed that KSHV infection increased nonessential amino acid metabolites, specifically proline, in 3D culture, not in 2D culture. Strikingly, the KSHV K1 oncoprotein interacted with and activated PYCR enzyme, increasing intracellular proline concentration. Consequently, the K1-PYCR interaction promoted tumor cell growth in 3D spheroid culture and tumorigenesis in nude mice. In contrast, depletion of PYCR expression markedly abrogated K1-induced tumor cell growth in 3D culture, not in 2D culture. This study demonstrates that an increase of proline biosynthesis induced by K1-PYCR interaction is critical for KSHV-mediated transformation in in vitro 3D culture condition and in vivo tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Un Yung Choi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
| | - Jae Jin Lee
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
| | - Angela Park
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Hye-Ra Lee
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, College of Science and Technology, Korea University, 30019 Sejong, South Korea
| | - Youn Jung Choi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
| | - Ji-Seung Yoo
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, 060-8638 Sapporo, Japan
| | - Claire Yu
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Pinghui Feng
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
- Section of Infection and Immunity, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Shou-Jiang Gao
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219
- Laboratory of Human Virology and Oncology, Shantou University Medical College, 515041 Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaochen Chen
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Hyungjin Eoh
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033;
| | - Jae U Jung
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033;
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24
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Kuo CL, Chou HY, Chiu YC, Cheng AN, Fan CC, Chang YN, Chen CH, Jiang SS, Chen NJ, Lee AYL. Mitochondrial oxidative stress by Lon-PYCR1 maintains an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment that promotes cancer progression and metastasis. Cancer Lett 2020; 474:138-150. [PMID: 31987921 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial Lon is a chaperone protein whose upregulation increases the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, there is a lack of information in detail on how mitochondrial Lon regulates cancer metastasis through ROS production in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Our results show that elevated Lon promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) via ROS-dependent p38 and NF-κB-signaling. We further identified pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1) as a client of chaperone Lon, which induces mitochondrial ROS and EMT by Lon. Mitochondrial Lon induces ROS-dependent production of inflammatory cytokines, such as TGF-β, IL-6, IL-13, and VEGF-A, which consequently activates EMT, angiogenesis, and M2 macrophage polarization. In addition, Lon expression is induced upon the activation and M2 polarization of macrophages, which further promotes M2 macrophages to enhance the immunosuppressive microenvironment and metastatic behaviors in the TME. This raises the possibility that manipulation of the mitochondrial redox balance in the TME may serve as a therapeutic strategy to improve T cell function in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Liang Kuo
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Han-Yu Chou
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chieh Chiu
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan
| | - An Ning Cheng
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chen Fan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu, 30015, Taiwan; Superintendent Office, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, 10449, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ning Chang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsing Chen
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan; Taiwan Bioinformatics Core, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan
| | - Shih Sheng Jiang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Nien-Jung Chen
- The Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Alan Yueh-Luen Lee
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
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25
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Ding Z, Ericksen RE, Escande-Beillard N, Lee QY, Loh A, Denil S, Steckel M, Haegebarth A, Wai Ho TS, Chow P, Toh HC, Reversade B, Gruenewald S, Han W. Metabolic pathway analyses identify proline biosynthesis pathway as a promoter of liver tumorigenesis. J Hepatol 2020; 72:725-735. [PMID: 31726117 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM Under the regulation of various oncogenic pathways, cancer cells undergo adaptive metabolic programming to maintain specific metabolic states that support their uncontrolled proliferation. As it has been difficult to directly and effectively inhibit oncogenic signaling cascades with pharmaceutical compounds, focusing on the downstream metabolic pathways that enable indefinite growth may provide therapeutic opportunities. Thus, we sought to characterize metabolic changes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development and identify metabolic targets required for tumorigenesis. METHODS We compared gene expression profiles of Morris Hepatoma (MH3924a) and DEN (diethylnitrosamine)-induced HCC models to those of liver tissues from normal and rapidly regenerating liver models, and performed gain- and loss-of-function studies of the identified gene targets for their roles in cancer cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS The proline biosynthetic enzyme PYCR1 (pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1) was identified as one of the most upregulated genes in the HCC models. Knockdown of PYCR1 potently reduced cell proliferation of multiple HCC cell lines in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Conversely, overexpression of PYCR1 enhanced the proliferation of the HCC cell lines. Importantly, PYCR1 expression was not elevated in the regenerating liver, and KD or overexpression of PYCR1 had no effect on proliferation of non-cancerous cells. Besides PYCR1, we found that additional proline biosynthetic enzymes, such as ALDH18A1, were upregulated in HCC models and also regulated HCC cell proliferation. Clinical data demonstrated that PYCR1 expression was increased in HCC, correlated with tumor grade, and was an independent predictor of clinical outcome. CONCLUSION Enhanced expression of proline biosynthetic enzymes promotes HCC cell proliferation. Inhibition of PYCR1 or ALDH18A1 may be a novel therapeutic strategy to target HCC. LAY SUMMARY Even with the recently approved immunotherapies against liver cancer, currently available medications show limited clinical benefits or efficacy in the majority of patients. As such, it remains a top priority to discover new targets for effective liver cancer treatment. Here, we identify a critical role for the proline biosynthetic pathway in liver cancer development, and demonstrate that targeting key proteins in the pathway, namely PYCR1 and ALDH18A1, may be a novel therapeutic strategy for liver cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Aldehyde Dehydrogenase/deficiency
- Aldehyde Dehydrogenase/genetics
- Animals
- Carcinogenesis/genetics
- Carcinogenesis/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/chemically induced
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Cell Proliferation/genetics
- Diethylnitrosamine/adverse effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Gene Knockdown Techniques
- HEK293 Cells
- HaCaT Cells
- Hep G2 Cells
- Humans
- Liver Neoplasms/chemically induced
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Nude
- Mice, SCID
- Proline/biosynthesis
- Pyrroline Carboxylate Reductases/deficiency
- Pyrroline Carboxylate Reductases/genetics
- Rats
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Transcriptome
- Transfection
- Tumor Burden/genetics
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- delta-1-Pyrroline-5-Carboxylate Reductase
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaobing Ding
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, A*STAR, Singapore 138667, Singapore
| | | | | | - Qian Yi Lee
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, A*STAR, Singapore 138667, Singapore
| | - Abigail Loh
- Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR, Singapore 138648, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Simon Denil
- Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Michael Steckel
- Bayer AG, Preclinical Research, Pharmaceuticals, Müllerstrasse 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Haegebarth
- Bayer AG, Preclinical Research, Pharmaceuticals, Müllerstrasse 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Timothy Shen Wai Ho
- National Cancer Center and Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Pierce Chow
- National Cancer Center and Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Han Chong Toh
- National Cancer Center and Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Bruno Reversade
- Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR, Singapore 138648, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Sylvia Gruenewald
- Bayer AG, Preclinical Research, Pharmaceuticals, Müllerstrasse 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Weiping Han
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, A*STAR, Singapore 138667, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore.
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26
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Yan K, Xu X, Wu T, Li J, Cao G, Li Y, Ji Z. Knockdown of PYCR1 inhibits proliferation, drug resistance and EMT in colorectal cancer cells by regulating STAT3-Mediated p38 MAPK and NF-κB signalling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 520:486-491. [PMID: 31606203 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.10.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PYCR1 exerts an important role in various cancers, but its effect on colorectal cancer (CRC) and the potential mechanism remain to be clarified. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of PYCR1 on CRC and further explore the special molecular mechanism. The expression of PYCR1 in CRC tissues and cells was analysed by RT-PCR assay. Cell proliferation was explored using an MTT assay. A CoIP assay was performed to determine the binding activity of PYCR1 and STAT3. Western blot was used to measure the protein expression of P-gp, MRP1, E-cadherin and vimentin. The results revealed that PYCR1 is highly expressed in CRC tissues and cells. PYCR1-siRNA inhibited the proliferation, drug resistance and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of CRC cells. The CoIP assay result demonstrated that PYCR1 interacts directly with STAT3, and STAT3 overexpression partly reverses the effect of PYCR1 on proliferation, drug resistance and EMT of CRC cells. What is more, si-PYCR1 inhibited STAT3-mediated p38 MAPK and NF-κB signalling pathways. Collectively, it suggests that knockdown of PYCR1 inhibits proliferation, drug resistance and EMT potentially by regulating STAT3-mediated p38 MAPK and NF-κB signalling pathways in CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China.
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Gang Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Zongzheng Ji
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
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Tanigasalam V, Gupta S. Pathological Fracture in Autosomal Recessive Cutis Laxa Type 2B. Indian J Pediatr 2019; 86:1058. [PMID: 31054122 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-019-02975-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vasanthan Tanigasalam
- Department of Neonatology, Sanjay Gandhi Post graduate Medical College and Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Sushil Gupta
- Department of Neonatology, JIPMER, Puducherry, India
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Zhuang J, Song Y, Ye Y, He S, Ma X, Zhang M, Ni J, Wang J, Xia W. PYCR1 interference inhibits cell growth and survival via c-Jun N-terminal kinase/insulin receptor substrate 1 (JNK/IRS1) pathway in hepatocellular cancer. J Transl Med 2019; 17:343. [PMID: 31619254 PMCID: PMC6796468 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-2091-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver cancer is the second leading causes of cancer-related death globally. Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1) plays a critical role in metabolic profiles of tumors. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the mechanisms of PYCR1 on cell growth and survival in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS Protein and mRNA expression levels of PYCR1 in 140 pairs of tumor and adjacent normal liver tissues of HCC patients were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Expressions of PYCR1 were inhibited in BEL-7404 cells and SMMC-7721 cells using gene interference technology. The cell proliferation was detected by Celigo and MTT assay. The colony formation assay was also performed. The cell apoptosis was measured by flow cytometric assay. The effect of PYCR1 interference on tumor growth was observed by xenograft nude mice assay in vivo. The downstream pathway of PYCR1 interference was searched by microarray and bioinformatics analysis, and validated by qRT-PCR and western blot. RESULTS PYCR1 levels were significantly up-regulated in HCC tumor tissues than adjacent normal liver tissues in both protein and mRNA levels (P < 0.01). In vitro, the cell proliferation was significantly slower in shPYCR1 group than shCtrl group in BEL-7404 and SMMC-7721 cells (P < 0.001). The colony number was significantly smaller after PYCR1 interference (P < 0.01). The percentage of apoptosis cells significantly increased in shPYCR1 group (P < 0.01). In vivo, PYCR1 interference could obviously suppress tumor growth in xenograft nude mice. The volume and weight of tumors were significantly smaller via PYCR1 interference. The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway significantly altered, and insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) were significantly down-regulated by PYCR1 interference in both mRNA and protein levels (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION PYCR1 interference could inhibit cell proliferation and promote cell apoptosis in HCC through regluting JNK/IRS1 pathway. Our study will provide a drug target for HCC therapy and a potential biomarker for its diagnosis or prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhua Zhuang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 358 Datong Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200137, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Song
- Central Laboratory, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 358 Datong Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200137, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Ye
- Central Laboratory, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 358 Datong Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200137, People's Republic of China
| | - Saifei He
- Central Laboratory, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 358 Datong Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200137, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Ma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 358 Datong Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200137, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Central Laboratory, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 358 Datong Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200137, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Ni
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 358 Datong Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200137, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiening Wang
- Central Laboratory, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 358 Datong Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200137, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Xia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 358 Datong Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200137, People's Republic of China.
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Milne K, Sun J, Zaal EA, Mowat J, Celie PHN, Fish A, Berkers CR, Forlani G, Loayza-Puch F, Jamieson C, Agami R. A fragment-like approach to PYCR1 inhibition. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:2626-2631. [PMID: 31362921 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1) is the final enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of proline and has been found to be upregulated in various forms of cancer. Due to the role of proline in maintaining the redox balance of cells and preventing apoptosis, PYCR1 is emerging as an attractive oncology target. Previous PYCR1 knockout studies led to a reduction in tumor growth. Accordingly, a small molecule inhibitor of PYCR1 could lead to new treatments for cancer, and a focused screening effort identified pargyline as a fragment-like hit. We report the design and synthesis of the first tool compounds as PYCR1 inhibitors, derived from pargyline, which were assayed to assess their ability to attenuate the production of proline. Structural activity studies have revealed the key determinants of activity, with the most potent compound (4) showing improved activity in vitro in enzyme (IC50 = 8.8 µM) and pathway relevant effects in cell-based assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty Milne
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Thomas Graham Building, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Jianhui Sun
- H5 Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 121 Plesmanlaan, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther A Zaal
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jenna Mowat
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Thomas Graham Building, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick H N Celie
- H5 Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 121 Plesmanlaan, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; NKI Protein Facility, Division of Biochemistry, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 121 Plesmanlaan, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Fish
- H5 Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 121 Plesmanlaan, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; NKI Protein Facility, Division of Biochemistry, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 121 Plesmanlaan, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Celia R Berkers
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Giuseppe Forlani
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fabricio Loayza-Puch
- H5 Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 121 Plesmanlaan, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Craig Jamieson
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Thomas Graham Building, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom.
| | - Reuven Agami
- H5 Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 121 Plesmanlaan, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam University, The Netherlands.
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Sang S, Zhang C, Shan J. Pyrroline-5-Carboxylate Reductase 1 Accelerates the Migration and Invasion of Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer In Vitro. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2019; 34:380-387. [PMID: 30916574 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2019.2782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1) is involved in tumor progression, for instance, breast cancer and prostate cancer. However, its role in tumor metastasis, especially in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), is still elusive. Materials and Methods: The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of PYCR1 between NSCLC and normal lung specimens was compared using Oncomine database. The endogenous PYCR1 expressions in NSCLC cell lines 95C and H1299 were knocked down by lentiviral-mediated delivery of short hairpin RNA (shRNA). Then the effects of PYCR1 on the migration and invasion of NSCLC cells were studied by wound healing assay and transwell assay. Results: PYCR1 mRNA expression was significantly higher in NSCLC specimens than that in normal lung tissues. Depletion of PYCR1 in NSCLC cell significantly repressed the cell migration and invasion. Moreover, depletion of PYCR1 influenced the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition molecules E-cadherin, Vimentin, N-cadherin, and Snail1. Conclusions: Our data suggested that PYCR1 plays a positive role in NSCLC metastasis in vitro and might be a promising target for treating NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senhua Sang
- 1College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- 2Shanghai Linger Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Cuicui Zhang
- 1College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jianwei Shan
- 1College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- 3Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- 4Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Guangzhou, China
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Weijin F, Zhibin X, Shengfeng Z, Xiaoli Y, Qijian D, Jiayi L, Qiumei L, Yilong C, Hua M, Deyun L, Jiwen C. The clinical significance of PYCR1 expression in renal cell carcinoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e16384. [PMID: 31305441 PMCID: PMC6641676 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000016384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1) is an enzyme involved in cell metabolism and is upregulated in cancer. However, the correlations of PYCR1 expression with the clinicopathological features and prognosis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to identify the expression of PYCR1 and its clinical relevance in RCC patients.PYCR1 mRNA expression differences between RCC and the adjacent normal renal tissues were assessed using the Cancer Genome Atlas database (TCGA). Subsequently, the expression of PYCR1 mRNA and protein were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunochemistry using 30 paired frozen samples of RCC and the adjacent normal renal tissues. The protein expression of PYCR1 was evaluated by immunostaining formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of RCC samples from 96 patients who underwent radical nephrectomy, and its relationship with clinical features were analyzed. Nonpaired t tests were used to statistically analyze the differences between the 2 groups. Cox univariable and multivariable analyses of overall survival (OS) among RCC patients were performed.The expression of PYCR1 mRNA was significantly upregulated in RCC tissues compared to adjacent normal renal tissues in the TCGA database (P < .01). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve value was 0.748. The expression of PYCR1 mRNA and protein was significantly upregulated in RCC compared with that in paired normal renal tissues (P < .01). Higher PYCR1 levels were associated with metastasis (P < .01). Kaplan-Meier survival curves indicated that higher PYCR1 expression was correlated with poorer OS. Therefore, PYCR1 may act as a novel prognostic marker and therapeutic target in the diagnosis and treatment of RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Weijin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of GuangXi Medical University, NanNing
| | - Xie Zhibin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of GuangXi Medical University, NanNing
| | - Zheng Shengfeng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of GuangXi Medical University, NanNing
| | - Yang Xiaoli
- Scientific Research Center, GuiLin Medical University, GuiLin
| | - Ding Qijian
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of GuangXi Medical University, NanNing
| | - Liu Jiayi
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guang, Xi Medical University, NanNing, GuangXi, China
| | - Liang Qiumei
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of GuangXi Medical University, NanNing
| | - Chen Yilong
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of GuangXi Medical University, NanNing
| | - Mi Hua
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of GuangXi Medical University, NanNing
| | - Liu Deyun
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of GuangXi Medical University, NanNing
| | - Cheng Jiwen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of GuangXi Medical University, NanNing
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Chen S, Yang X, Yu M, Wang Z, Liu B, Liu M, Liu L, Ren M, Qi H, Zou J, Vucenik I, Zhu WG, Luo J. SIRT3 regulates cancer cell proliferation through deacetylation of PYCR1 in proline metabolism. Neoplasia 2019; 21:665-675. [PMID: 31108370 PMCID: PMC6526305 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
SIRT3 is a major mitochondrial deacetylase, which regulates various metabolic pathways by deacetylation; however, the effect of SIRT3 on proline metabolism is not reported. Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1) participates in proline synthesis process by catalyzing the reduction of P5C to proline with concomitant generation of NAD+ and NADP+. PYCR1 is highly expressed in various cancers, and it can promote the growth of tumor cells. Here, through immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry, we found that PYCR1 is in SIRT3's interacting network. PYCR1 directly binds to SIRT3 both in vivo and in vitro. CBP is the acetyltransferase for PYCR1, whereas SIRT3 deacetylates PYCR1. We further identified that K228 is the major acetylation site for PYCR1. Acetylation of PYCR1 at K228 reduced its enzymatic activity by impairing the formation of the decamer of PYCR1. As a result, acetylation of PYCR1 at K228 inhibits cell proliferation, while deacetylation of PYCR1 mediated by SIRT3 increases PYCR1's activity. Our findings on the regulation of PYCR1 linked proline metabolism with SIRT3, CBP and cell growth, thus providing a potential approach for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaiyi Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Boya Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Minghui Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Mengmeng Ren
- Department of Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hao Qi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Junhua Zou
- Department of Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ivana Vucenik
- Department of Medical and Research Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Wei-Guo Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Jianyuan Luo
- Department of Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
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Wang D, Wang L, Zhang Y, Yan Z, Liu L, Chen G. PYCR1 promotes the progression of non-small-cell lung cancer under the negative regulation of miR-488. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 111:588-595. [PMID: 30605882 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PYCR1 is over-expressed in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its high expression accelerates the progression of NSCLC. However, the underlying mechanisms of PYCR1 in NSCLC progression remain poorly understood. Our study determined the mechanisms of PYCR1 in promotion of the occurrence and development of NSCLC in vitro and in vivo. Firstly, the expression patterns of PYCR1 in NSCLC tissues and cells were determined by RT-PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry. Then, the effects of PYCR1 on cell proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated by CCK-8 and flow cytomery assays. Finally, we explored the up-regulatory microRNAs (miRs) of PYCR1 and determined if MAPK pathway involved in this process. PYCR1 expression was elevated in NSCLC tissue samples and cells, and the high expression of PYCR1 closely associated with patients' advanced clinical process and poor outcome. Up-regulation of PYCR1 significantly increased the expression of p38 and promoted its nuclear accumulation. Besides, PYCR1 expression was negatively regulated by miR-488, and up-regulation of miR-488 significantly inhibited cell proliferation and tumorigenesis and increased cell apoptosis, and decreased p38 expression and its nuclear accumulation, whereas up-regulation of PYCR1 rescued these results induced by miR-488 over-expression. Collectively, these data suggest the mechanism of PYCR1 in promotion of NSCLC progression. PYCR1 is negatively regulated by miR-488 and then promotes the occurrence and development of NSCLC and activates p38 MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongchang Wang
- Department of Respiration, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Lingchan Wang
- Department of Respiration, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Respiration, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Zhenfeng Yan
- Department of Respiration, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Leyuan Liu
- Department of Respiration, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Respiration, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
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Sun T, Song Y, Yu H, Luo X. Identification of lncRNA TRPM2-AS/miR-140-3p/PYCR1 axis's proliferates and anti-apoptotic effect on breast cancer using co-expression network analysis. Cancer Biol Ther 2019; 20:760-773. [PMID: 30810442 PMCID: PMC6605980 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2018.1564563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignancies occurring in women worldwide. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) has not been widely utilized in uncovering the biomarkers which played pivotal roles in BC treatment. This study aimed to verify the proliferative and anti-apoptotic effect of lncRNA TRPM2-AS/miR-140-3p/PYCR1 axis on BC based on WGCNA. WGCNA was applied for determining hub genes using gene expression data gained from breast cancer and adjacent tissues which were downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The correlative curves showed the correlation between OS/DFS of BC patients and TRPM2-AS expression or PYCR1 expression based on the data of survival rate of BC patients obtained from the TCGA database. QRT-PCR was employed in detecting the expression levels of TRPM2-AS, miR-140-3p and PYCR1, and western blot analysis was adopted for determination of protein expression level of PYCR1. Dual luciferase assay was applied to verify the targeting relationship between TRPM2-AS and miR-140-3p, as well as miR-140-3p and PYCR1. The roles of TRPM2-AS, miR-140-3p, and PYCR1 in proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of BC cell were identified by CCK-8 assay, cell migration assay and flow cytometry. Hub genes were also gained from WGCNA test. The prognostic study showed a significant negative correlation between the high expression of PYCR1 and TRPM2-AS and the BC survival. QRT-PCR demonstrated that PYCR1 and TRPM2-AS were both overexpressed, while miR-140-3p was greatly down-regulated in BC cell. In addition, it was validated by dual luciferase assay that miR-140-3p directly targeted both TRPM2-AS and PYCR1. Furthermore, down-regulation of TRPM2-AS and PYCR1 inhibited proliferation yet promoted apoptosis of BC cell, and up-regulation of miR-140-3p in BC cell showed the same tendency. Taken together, TRPM2-AS could promote proliferation and inhibit apoptosis of BC cell through TRPM2-AS/miR-140-3p/PYCR1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Sun
- Department of Breast Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Song
- Department of Breast Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiao Luo
- Department of Breast Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Guo L, Cui C, Zhang K, Wang J, Wang Y, Lu Y, Chen K, Yuan J, Xiao G, Tang B, Sun Y, Wu C. Kindlin-2 links mechano-environment to proline synthesis and tumor growth. Nat Commun 2019; 10:845. [PMID: 30783087 PMCID: PMC6381112 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08772-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell metabolism is strongly influenced by mechano-environment. We show here that a fraction of kindlin-2 localizes to mitochondria and interacts with pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1), a key enzyme for proline synthesis. Extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffening promotes kindlin-2 translocation into mitochondria and its interaction with PYCR1, resulting in elevation of PYCR1 level and consequent increase of proline synthesis and cell proliferation. Depletion of kindlin-2 reduces PYCR1 level, increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis, and abolishes ECM stiffening-induced increase of proline synthesis and cell proliferation. In vivo, both kindlin-2 and PYCR1 levels are markedly increased in lung adenocarcinoma. Ablation of kindlin-2 in lung adenocarcinoma substantially reduces PYCR1 and proline levels, and diminishes fibrosis in vivo, resulting in marked inhibition of tumor growth and reduction of mortality rate. Our findings reveal a mechanoresponsive kindlin-2-PYCR1 complex that links mechano-environment to proline metabolism and signaling, and suggest a strategy to inhibit tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Department of Biology and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Chunhong Cui
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Department of Biology and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Kuo Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Department of Biology and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Department of Biology and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yilin Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Department of Biology and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yixuan Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Department of Biology and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Ka Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, USA
| | - Jifan Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Department of Biology and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Guozhi Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Department of Biology and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
| | - Bin Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Department of Biology and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Department of Biology and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Chuanyue Wu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, USA.
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Onoufriadis A, Nanda A, Sheriff A, Tomita K, Gomaa NS, Simpson MA, McGrath JA. Consanguinity and Double Recessive Gene Pathology: Cutis Laxa (PYCR1) and Nephrotic Syndrome (PLCE1). JAMA Dermatol 2019; 155:257-259. [PMID: 30586144 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2018.4665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Onoufriadis
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, England
| | - Arti Nanda
- As'ad Al-Hamad Dermatology Center, Kuwait
| | - Adam Sheriff
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, England
| | - Kenji Tomita
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, England
| | - Nesrin S Gomaa
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, England
| | - Michael A Simpson
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, England
| | - John A McGrath
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, England
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Lessel D, Ozel AB, Campbell SE, Saadi A, Arlt MF, McSweeney KM, Plaiasu V, Szakszon K, Szőllős A, Rusu C, Rojas AJ, Lopez-Valdez J, Thiele H, Nürnberg P, Nickerson DA, Bamshad MJ, Li JZ, Kubisch C, Glover TW, Gordon LB. Analyses of LMNA-negative juvenile progeroid cases confirms biallelic POLR3A mutations in Wiedemann-Rautenstrauch-like syndrome and expands the phenotypic spectrum of PYCR1 mutations. Hum Genet 2018; 137:921-939. [PMID: 30450527 PMCID: PMC6652186 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-018-1957-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile segmental progeroid syndromes are rare, heterogeneous disorders characterized by signs of premature aging affecting more than one tissue or organ starting in childhood. Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), caused by a recurrent de novo synonymous LMNA mutation resulting in aberrant splicing and generation of a mutant product called progerin, is a prototypical example of such disorders. Here, we performed a joint collaborative study using massively parallel sequencing and targeted Sanger sequencing, aimed at delineating the underlying genetic cause of 14 previously undiagnosed, clinically heterogeneous, non-LMNA-associated juvenile progeroid patients. The molecular diagnosis was achieved in 11 of 14 cases (~ 79%). Furthermore, we firmly establish biallelic mutations in POLR3A as the genetic cause of a recognizable, neonatal, Wiedemann-Rautenstrauch-like progeroid syndrome. Thus, we suggest that POLR3A mutations are causal for a portion of under-diagnosed early-onset segmental progeroid syndromes. We additionally expand the clinical spectrum associated with PYCR1 mutations by showing that they can somewhat resemble HGPS in the first year of life. Moreover, our results lead to clinical reclassification in one single case. Our data emphasize the complex genetic and clinical heterogeneity underlying progeroid disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davor Lessel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Ayse Bilge Ozel
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Susan E Campbell
- Center for Gerontology and Healthcare Research, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Abdelkrim Saadi
- Service de neurologie, CHU Ben Aknoun Alger, 2 route des deux Bassins, BenAknoun,, Algers, Algeria
| | - Martin F Arlt
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Keisha Melodi McSweeney
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 20993, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Vasilica Plaiasu
- Regional Center of Medical Genetics, Alessandrescu-Rusescu INSMC, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Katalin Szakszon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Anna Szőllős
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Cristina Rusu
- Department of Genetics, University Hospital Iasi, Iasi, Romania
| | - Armando J Rojas
- Instituto de Genética Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jaime Lopez-Valdez
- Department of Genetics, Centenario Hospital Miguel Hidalgo, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Holger Thiele
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Nürnberg
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Michael J Bamshad
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Jun Z Li
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Christian Kubisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas W Glover
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Leslie B Gordon
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, Hasbro Children's Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
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Abstract
Interest in how proline contributes to cancer biology is expanding because of the emerging role of a novel proline metabolic cycle in cancer cell survival, proliferation, and metastasis. Proline biosynthesis and degradation involve the shared intermediate Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C), which forms l-glutamate-γ-semialdehyde (GSAL) in a reversible non-enzymatic reaction. Proline is synthesized from glutamate or ornithine through GSAL/P5C, which is reduced to proline by P5C reductase (PYCR) in a NAD(P)H-dependent reaction. The degradation of proline occurs in the mitochondrion and involves two oxidative steps catalyzed by proline dehydrogenase (PRODH) and GSAL dehydrogenase (GSALDH). PRODH is a flavin-dependent enzyme that couples proline oxidation with reduction of membrane-bound quinone, while GSALDH catalyzes the NAD+-dependent oxidation of GSAL to glutamate. PRODH and PYCR form a metabolic relationship known as the proline-P5C cycle, a novel pathway that impacts cellular growth and death pathways. The proline-P5C cycle has been implicated in supporting ATP production, protein and nucleotide synthesis, anaplerosis, and redox homeostasis in cancer cells. This Perspective details the structures and reaction mechanisms of PRODH and PYCR and the role of the proline-P5C cycle in cancer metabolism. A major challenge in the field is to discover inhibitors that specifically target PRODH and PYCR isoforms for use as tools for studying proline metabolism and the functions of the proline-P5C cycle in cancer. These molecular probes could also serve as lead compounds in cancer drug discovery targeting the proline-P5C cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J. Tanner
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Sarah-Maria Fendt
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Donald F. Becker
- Department of Biochemistry, Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
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Hollinshead KER, Munford H, Eales KL, Bardella C, Li C, Escribano-Gonzalez C, Thakker A, Nonnenmacher Y, Kluckova K, Jeeves M, Murren R, Cuozzo F, Ye D, Laurenti G, Zhu W, Hiller K, Hodson DJ, Hua W, Tomlinson IP, Ludwig C, Mao Y, Tennant DA. Oncogenic IDH1 Mutations Promote Enhanced Proline Synthesis through PYCR1 to Support the Maintenance of Mitochondrial Redox Homeostasis. Cell Rep 2018; 22:3107-3114. [PMID: 29562167 PMCID: PMC5883319 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.02.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) in gliomas and other tumors, significant efforts have been made to gain a deeper understanding of the consequences of this oncogenic mutation. One aspect of the neomorphic function of the IDH1 R132H enzyme that has received less attention is the perturbation of cellular redox homeostasis. Here, we describe a biosynthetic pathway exhibited by cells expressing mutant IDH1. By virtue of a change in cellular redox homeostasis, IDH1-mutated cells synthesize excess glutamine-derived proline through enhanced activity of pyrroline 5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1), coupled to NADH oxidation. Enhanced proline biosynthesis partially uncouples the electron transport chain from tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle activity through the maintenance of a lower NADH/NAD+ ratio and subsequent reduction in oxygen consumption. Thus, we have uncovered a mechanism by which tumor cell survival may be promoted in conditions associated with perturbed redox homeostasis, as occurs in IDH1-mutated glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate E R Hollinshead
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Haydn Munford
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Katherine L Eales
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Chiara Bardella
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Molecular & Population Genetics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Chunjie Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, #12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, #131 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | | | - Alpesh Thakker
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Yannic Nonnenmacher
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Katarina Kluckova
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Mark Jeeves
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Robert Murren
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Federica Cuozzo
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Dan Ye
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, #131 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Giulio Laurenti
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, #12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Karsten Hiller
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - David J Hodson
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, UK
| | - Wei Hua
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, #12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Ian P Tomlinson
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Christian Ludwig
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Ying Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, #12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, #131 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200040, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Daniel A Tennant
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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Craze ML, Cheung H, Jewa N, Coimbra NDM, Soria D, El-Ansari R, Aleskandarany MA, Wai Cheng K, Diez-Rodriguez M, Nolan CC, Ellis IO, Rakha EA, Green AR. MYC regulation of glutamine-proline regulatory axis is key in luminal B breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2018; 118:258-265. [PMID: 29169183 PMCID: PMC5785743 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered cellular metabolism is a hallmark of cancer and some are reliant on glutamine for sustained proliferation and survival. We hypothesise that the glutamine-proline regulatory axis has a key role in breast cancer (BC) in the highly proliferative classes. METHODS Glutaminase (GLS), pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (ALDH18A1), and pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1) were assessed at DNA/mRNA/protein levels in large, well-characterised cohorts. RESULTS Gain of PYCR1 copy number and high PYCR1 mRNA was associated with Luminal B tumours. High ALDH18A1 and high GLS protein expression was observed in the oestrogen receptor (ER)+/human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2)- high proliferation class (Luminal B) compared with ER+/HER2- low proliferation class (Luminal A) (P=0.030 and P=0.022 respectively), however this was not observed with mRNA. Cluster analysis of the glutamine-proline regulatory axis genes revealed significant associations with molecular subtypes of BC and patient outcome independent of standard clinicopathological parameters (P=0.012). High protein expression of the glutamine-proline enzymes were all associated with high MYC protein in Luminal B tumours only (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS We provide comprehensive clinical data indicating that the glutamine-proline regulatory axis plays an important role in the aggressive subclass of luminal BC and is therefore a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine L Craze
- Academic Pathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Hayley Cheung
- Academic Pathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Natasha Jewa
- Academic Pathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Nuno D M Coimbra
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto FG, Porto 4200-072, Portugal
| | - Daniele Soria
- Department of Computer Science, University of Westminster, New Cavendish Street, London W1W 6UW, UK
| | - Rokaya El-Ansari
- Academic Pathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Mohammed A Aleskandarany
- Academic Pathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Kiu Wai Cheng
- Academic Pathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Maria Diez-Rodriguez
- Academic Pathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Christopher C Nolan
- Academic Pathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Ian O Ellis
- Academic Pathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Emad A Rakha
- Academic Pathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Andrew R Green
- Academic Pathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
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41
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Ritelli M, Palit A, Giacopuzzi E, Inamadar AC, Dordoni C, Mujja A, Murgude MS, Colombi M. Clinical and molecular characterization of a 13-year-old Indian boy with cutis laxa type 2B: Identification of two novel PYCR1 mutations by amplicon-based semiconductor exome sequencing. J Dermatol Sci 2017; 88:141-143. [PMID: 28499588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ritelli
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprosy, Sri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Center, BLDE University, Vijayapur, Karnataka, India; Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprosy, Sri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Center, BLDE University, Vijayapur, Karnataka, India; Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprosy, Sri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Center, BLDE University, Vijayapur, Karnataka, India; Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Aparna Palit
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprosy, Sri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Center, BLDE University, Vijayapur, Karnataka, India; Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprosy, Sri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Center, BLDE University, Vijayapur, Karnataka, India; Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprosy, Sri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Center, BLDE University, Vijayapur, Karnataka, India; Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Edoardo Giacopuzzi
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprosy, Sri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Center, BLDE University, Vijayapur, Karnataka, India; Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprosy, Sri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Center, BLDE University, Vijayapur, Karnataka, India; Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprosy, Sri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Center, BLDE University, Vijayapur, Karnataka, India; Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Arun C Inamadar
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprosy, Sri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Center, BLDE University, Vijayapur, Karnataka, India; Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprosy, Sri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Center, BLDE University, Vijayapur, Karnataka, India; Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprosy, Sri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Center, BLDE University, Vijayapur, Karnataka, India; Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Chiara Dordoni
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprosy, Sri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Center, BLDE University, Vijayapur, Karnataka, India; Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprosy, Sri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Center, BLDE University, Vijayapur, Karnataka, India; Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprosy, Sri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Center, BLDE University, Vijayapur, Karnataka, India; Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Ajay Mujja
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprosy, Sri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Center, BLDE University, Vijayapur, Karnataka, India; Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprosy, Sri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Center, BLDE University, Vijayapur, Karnataka, India; Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprosy, Sri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Center, BLDE University, Vijayapur, Karnataka, India; Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Meghana S Murgude
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprosy, Sri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Center, BLDE University, Vijayapur, Karnataka, India; Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprosy, Sri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Center, BLDE University, Vijayapur, Karnataka, India; Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprosy, Sri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Center, BLDE University, Vijayapur, Karnataka, India; Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marina Colombi
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprosy, Sri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Center, BLDE University, Vijayapur, Karnataka, India; Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprosy, Sri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Center, BLDE University, Vijayapur, Karnataka, India; Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprosy, Sri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Center, BLDE University, Vijayapur, Karnataka, India; Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
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Hoffmann T, Bleisteiner M, Sappa PK, Steil L, Mäder U, Völker U, Bremer E. Synthesis of the compatible solute proline by Bacillus subtilis: point mutations rendering the osmotically controlled proHJ promoter hyperactive. Environ Microbiol 2017; 19:3700-3720. [PMID: 28752945 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The ProJ and ProH enzymes of Bacillus subtilis catalyse together with ProA (ProJ-ProA-ProH), osmostress-adaptive synthesis of the compatible solute proline. The proA-encoded gamma-glutamyl phosphate reductase is also used for anabolic proline synthesis (ProB-ProA-ProI). Transcription of the proHJ operon is osmotically inducible whereas that of the proBA operon is not. Targeted and quantitative proteome analysis revealed that the amount of ProA is not limiting for the interconnected anabolic and osmostress-responsive proline production routes. A key player for enhanced osmostress-adaptive proline production is the osmotically regulated proHJ promoter. We used site-directed mutagenesis to study the salient features of this stress-responsive promoter. Two important features were identified: (i) deviations of the proHJ promoter from the consensus sequence of SigA-type promoters serve to keep transcription low under non-inducing growth conditions, while still allowing a finely tuned induction of transcriptional activity when the external osmolarity is increased and (ii) a suboptimal spacer length for SigA-type promoters of either 16-bp (the natural proHJ promoter), or 18-bp (a synthetic promoter variant) is strictly required to allow regulation of promoter activity in proportion to the external salinity. Collectively, our data suggest that changes in the local DNA structure at the proHJ promoter are important determinants for osmostress-inducibility of transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Hoffmann
- Department of Biology, Laboratory for Microbiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, Marburg D-35043, Germany
| | - Monika Bleisteiner
- Department of Biology, Laboratory for Microbiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, Marburg D-35043, Germany
| | - Praveen Kumar Sappa
- Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 15, Greifswald D-17475, Germany
| | - Leif Steil
- Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 15, Greifswald D-17475, Germany
| | - Ulrike Mäder
- Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 15, Greifswald D-17475, Germany
| | - Uwe Völker
- Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 15, Greifswald D-17475, Germany
| | - Erhard Bremer
- Department of Biology, Laboratory for Microbiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, Marburg D-35043, Germany
- LOEWE-Center for Synthetic Microbiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerweinstr. 6, Marburg D-35043, Germany
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Li R, Kang C, Song X, Yu L, Liu D, He S, Zhai H, Liu Q. A ζ-carotene desaturase gene, IbZDS, increases β-carotene and lutein contents and enhances salt tolerance in transgenic sweetpotato. Plant Sci 2017; 262:39-51. [PMID: 28716419 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
ζ-Carotene desaturase (ZDS) is one of the key enzymes in carotenoid biosynthesis pathway. However, the ZDS gene has not been applied to carotenoid improvement of plants. Its roles in tolerance to abiotic stresses have not been reported. In this study, the IbZDS gene was isolated from storage roots of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) cv. Nongdafu 14. Its overexpression significantly increased β-carotene and lutein contents and enhanced salt tolerance in transgenic sweetpotato (cv. Kokei No. 14) plants. Significant up-regulation of lycopene β-cyclase (β-LCY) and β-carotene hydroxylase (β-CHY) genes and significant down-regulation of lycopene ε-cyclase (ε-LCY) and ε-carotene hydroxylase (ε-CHY) genes were found in the transgenic plants. Abscisic acid (ABA) and proline contents and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activities were significantly increased, whereas malonaldehyde (MDA) content was significantly decreased in the transgenic plants under salt stress. The salt stress-responsive genes encoding pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (P5CR), SOD, CAT, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and POD were found to be significantly up-regulated in the transgenic plants under salt stress. This study indicates that the IbZDS gene has the potential to be applied for improving β-carotene and lutein contents and salt tolerance in sweetpotato and other plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Li
- Key Laboratory of Sweetpotato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chen Kang
- Key Laboratory of Sweetpotato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuejin Song
- Key Laboratory of Sweetpotato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ling Yu
- Key Laboratory of Sweetpotato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Degao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sweetpotato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shaozhen He
- Key Laboratory of Sweetpotato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hong Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Sweetpotato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Qingchang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sweetpotato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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44
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Sang P, Hu W, Ye YJ, Li LH, Zhang C, Xie YH, Meng ZH. In silico screening, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics studies of SNP-derived human P5CR mutants. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2017; 35:2441-2453. [PMID: 27677826 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2016.1222967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (P5CR) encoded by PYCR1 gene is a housekeeping enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of P5C to proline using NAD(P)H as the cofactor. In this study, we used in silico approaches to examine the role of nonsynonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the PYCR1 gene and their putative functions in the pathogenesis of Cutis Laxa. Among the 348 identified SNPs, 15 were predicted to be potentially damaging by both SIFT and PolyPhen tools; of them two SNP-derived mutations, R119G and G206W, have been previously reported to correlate with Cutis Laxa. These two mutations were therefore selected to be mapped to the wild-type (WT) P5CR structure for further structural and functional analyses. The results of comparative computational analyses using I-Mutant and Autodock reveal reductions in both stability and cofactor binding affinity of these two mutants. Comparative molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to evaluate the changes in dynamic properties of P5CR upon mutations. The results reveal that the two mutations enhance the rigidity of P5CR structure, especially that of cofactor binding site, which could result in decreased kinetics of cofactor entrance and egress. Comparison between the structural properties of the WT and mutants during MD simulations shows that the enhanced rigidity of mutants results most likely from the increased number of inter-atomic interactions and the decreased number of dynamic hydrogen bonds. Our study provides novel insight into the deleterious effects of the R119G and G206W mutations on P5CR, and sheds light on the mechanisms by which these mutations mediate Cutis Laxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Sang
- a Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University , Kunming , P.R. China
| | - Wei Hu
- a Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University , Kunming , P.R. China
| | - Yu-Jia Ye
- a Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University , Kunming , P.R. China
| | - Lin-Hua Li
- a Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University , Kunming , P.R. China
| | - Chao Zhang
- a Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University , Kunming , P.R. China
| | - Yue-Hui Xie
- b Department of Computer Science, The Faculty of Basic Medicine , Kunming Medical University , Kunming , P.R China
| | - Zhao-Hui Meng
- a Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University , Kunming , P.R. China
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Elia I, Broekaert D, Christen S, Boon R, Radaelli E, Orth MF, Verfaillie C, Grünewald TGP, Fendt SM. Proline metabolism supports metastasis formation and could be inhibited to selectively target metastasizing cancer cells. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15267. [PMID: 28492237 PMCID: PMC5437289 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastases are the leading cause of mortality in patients with cancer. Metastasis formation requires cancer cells to adapt their cellular phenotype. However, how metabolism supports this adaptation of cancer cells is poorly defined. We use 2D versus 3D cultivation to induce a shift in the cellular phenotype of breast cancer cells. We discover that proline catabolism via proline dehydrogenase (Prodh) supports growth of breast cancer cells in 3D culture. Subsequently, we link proline catabolism to in vivo metastasis formation. In particular, we find that PRODH expression and proline catabolism is increased in metastases compared to primary breast cancers of patients and mice. Moreover, inhibiting Prodh is sufficient to impair formation of lung metastases in the orthotopic 4T1 and EMT6.5 mouse models, without adverse effects on healthy tissue and organ function. In conclusion, we discover that Prodh is a potential drug target for inhibiting metastasis formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Elia
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Herestraat 49, Leuven 3000, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Herestraat 49, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Dorien Broekaert
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Herestraat 49, Leuven 3000, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Herestraat 49, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Stefan Christen
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Herestraat 49, Leuven 3000, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Herestraat 49, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Ruben Boon
- Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Enrico Radaelli
- Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB Leuven and Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Martin F. Orth
- Max-Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma Biology, Institute of Pathology, LMU Munich, Thalkirchner Strasse 36, Munich 80337, Germany
| | | | - Thomas G. P. Grünewald
- Max-Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma Biology, Institute of Pathology, LMU Munich, Thalkirchner Strasse 36, Munich 80337, Germany
| | - Sarah-Maria Fendt
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Herestraat 49, Leuven 3000, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Herestraat 49, Leuven 3000, Belgium
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Ding J, Kuo ML, Su L, Xue L, Luh F, Zhang H, Wang J, Lin TG, Zhang K, Chu P, Zheng S, Liu X, Yen Y. Human mitochondrial pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 promotes invasiveness and impacts survival in breast cancers. Carcinogenesis 2017; 38:519-531. [PMID: 28379297 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgx022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Human mitochondrial pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (PYCR) is a house-keeping enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate to proline. This enzymatic cycle plays pivotal roles in amino acid metabolism, intracellular redox potential and mitochondrial integrity. Here, we hypothesize that PYCR1 might be a novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for breast cancer. In this study, breast cancer tissue samples were obtained from Zhejiang University (ZJU set). Immunohistochemistry analysis was performed to detect the protein level of PYCR1, and Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional analyses were employed in this outcome study. The prognostic significance and performance of PYCR1 mRNA were validated on 13 worldwide independent microarray data sets, composed of 2500 assessable breast cancer cases. Our findings revealed that both PYCR1 mRNA and protein expression were significantly associated with tumor size, grade and invasive molecular subtypes of breast cancers. Independent and pooled analyses verified that higher PYCR1 mRNA levels were significantly associated with poor survival of breast cancer patients, regardless of estrogen receptor (ER) status. For in vitro studies, inhibition of PYCR1 by small-hairpin RNA significantly reduced the growth and invasion capabilities of the cells, while enhancing the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin in breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 (ER positive) and MDA-MB-231 (ER negative). Further population study also validated that chemotherapy significantly improved survival in early-stage breast cancer patients with low PYCR1 expression levels. Therefore, PYCR1 might serve as a prognostic biomaker for either ER-positive or ER-negative breast cancer subtypes and can also be a potential target for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiefeng Ding
- Shaoxing Women and Children's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Mei-Ling Kuo
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Leila Su
- Ph.D. Program of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Lijun Xue
- Pathology Department, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Frank Luh
- General Medicine Division, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan, ROC
- Sino-American Cancer Foundation, 4978 Santa Anita Ave, Suite #104, Temple City, CA 91780, USA
| | - Hang Zhang
- Cancer Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China and
| | - Jianghai Wang
- Sino-American Cancer Foundation, 4978 Santa Anita Ave, Suite #104, Temple City, CA 91780, USA
| | - Tiffany G Lin
- Sino-American Cancer Foundation, 4978 Santa Anita Ave, Suite #104, Temple City, CA 91780, USA
| | - Keqiang Zhang
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Peiguo Chu
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Shu Zheng
- Cancer Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China and
| | - Xiyong Liu
- Ph.D. Program of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan, ROC
- Sino-American Cancer Foundation, 4978 Santa Anita Ave, Suite #104, Temple City, CA 91780, USA
- California Cancer Institute, Temple City, CA 91007, USA
| | - Yun Yen
- Ph.D. Program of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan, ROC
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Christensen EM, Patel SM, Korasick DA, Campbell AC, Krause KL, Becker DF, Tanner JJ. Resolving the cofactor-binding site in the proline biosynthetic enzyme human pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:7233-7243. [PMID: 28258219 PMCID: PMC5409489 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.780288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (PYCR) is the final enzyme in proline biosynthesis, catalyzing the NAD(P)H-dependent reduction of Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) to proline. Mutations in the PYCR1 gene alter mitochondrial function and cause the connective tissue disorder cutis laxa. Furthermore, PYCR1 is overexpressed in multiple cancers, and the PYCR1 knock-out suppresses tumorigenic growth, suggesting that PYCR1 is a potential cancer target. However, inhibitor development has been stymied by limited mechanistic details for the enzyme, particularly in light of a previous crystallographic study that placed the cofactor-binding site in the C-terminal domain rather than the anticipated Rossmann fold of the N-terminal domain. To fill this gap, we report crystallographic, sedimentation-velocity, and kinetics data for human PYCR1. Structures of binary complexes of PYCR1 with NADPH or proline determined at 1.9 Å resolution provide insight into cofactor and substrate recognition. We see NADPH bound to the Rossmann fold, over 25 Å from the previously proposed site. The 1.85 Å resolution structure of a ternary complex containing NADPH and a P5C/proline analog provides a model of the Michaelis complex formed during hydride transfer. Sedimentation velocity shows that PYCR1 forms a concentration-dependent decamer in solution, consistent with the pentamer-of-dimers assembly seen crystallographically. Kinetic and mutational analysis confirmed several features seen in the crystal structure, including the importance of a hydrogen bond between Thr-238 and the substrate as well as limited cofactor discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sagar M Patel
- the Department of Biochemistry and Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| | | | | | - Kurt L Krause
- the Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand, and
| | - Donald F Becker
- the Department of Biochemistry and Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| | - John J Tanner
- From the Departments of Chemistry and
- Biochemistry University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
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Sang P, Xie YH, Li LH, Ye YJ, Hu W, Wang J, Wan W, Li R, Li LJ, Ma LL, Li Z, Liu SQ, Meng ZH. Effect of the R119G mutation on human P5CR structure and its interactions with NAD: Insights derived from molecular dynamics simulation and free energy analysis. Comput Biol Chem 2017; 67:141-149. [PMID: 28095341 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2016.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (P5CR), an enzyme with conserved housekeeping roles, is involved in the etiology of cutis laxa. While previous work has shown that the R119G point mutation in the P5CR protein is involved, the structural mechanism behind the pathology remains to be elucidated. In order to probe the role of the R119G mutation in cutis laxa, we performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, essential dynamics (ED) analysis, and Molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM-PBSA) binding free energy calculations on wild type (WT) and mutant P5CR-NAD complex. These MD simulations and ED analyses suggest that the R119G mutation decreases the flexibility of P5CR, specifically in the substrate binding pocket, which could decrease the kinetics of the cofactor entrance and egress. Furthermore, the MM-PBSA calculations suggest the R119G mutant has a lower cofactor binding affinity for NAD than WT. Our study provides insight into the possible role of the R119G mutation during interactions between P5CR and NAD, thus bettering our understanding of how the mutation promotes cutis laxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Sang
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology,The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, PR China
| | - Yue-Hui Xie
- Department of Computer Science, The Faculty of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, PR China
| | - Lin-Hua Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology,The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, PR China
| | - Yu-Jia Ye
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology,The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, PR China
| | - Wei Hu
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology,The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology,The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, PR China
| | - Wen Wan
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology,The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, PR China
| | - Rui Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology,The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, PR China
| | - Long-Jun Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology,The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, PR China
| | - Lin-Ling Ma
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology,The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, PR China
| | - Zhi Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology,The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, PR China
| | - Shu-Qun Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology,The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, PR China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, PR China.
| | - Zhao-Hui Meng
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology,The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, PR China.
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Zeng T, Zhu L, Liao M, Zhuo W, Yang S, Wu W, Wang D. Knockdown of PYCR1 inhibits cell proliferation and colony formation via cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in prostate cancer. Med Oncol 2017; 34:27. [PMID: 28078560 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-016-0870-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1) is an enzyme involved in cell metabolism, which has been shown to be up-regulated in cancers. However, the functions of PYCR1 in prostate cancers (PCa) are still largely unknown. In the present study, we found that PYCR1 was highly expressed in prostate cancer tissues and then knocked down PYCR1 in PCa cell lines (DU145, PC-3 and LNCap) via lentivirus-mediated gene delivery and analyzed its biological function. Both qRT-PCR and western blotting indicated that PYCR1 was suppressed efficiently after sh-PYCR1 infection. Further analysis indicated knockdown of PYCR1 significantly inhibited PCa cell growth and colony formation ability. The inhibition effects on growth were likely due to G2/M-phase arrest and enhanced cell apoptosis, as determined by flow cytometer analysis. At last, we verified the expression levels of cell cycle regulatory proteins, including CDK1, CDK2, CDK4 and Cyclin B1 were all downregulated and cell apoptotic-related proteins, including cleaved caspase 3 and cleaved PARP were increased in PCa cells after PYCR1 knockdown. Furthermore, PYCR1 has been shown not to be directly regulated by androgen receptor (AR) levels. These results show the functions of PYCR1 in PCa tumorigenesis for the first time and suggest that PYCR1 might be a good potential therapy approach for treating PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengyue Zeng
- Department of Urology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No.156, Xi'erhuan North Road, Fuzhou, 350025, China
| | - Libing Zhu
- Department of Urology, Lushan Sanatorium of the PLA, Lushan, 332000, China
| | - Min Liao
- Department of Urology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No.156, Xi'erhuan North Road, Fuzhou, 350025, China
| | - Wenli Zhuo
- Department of Urology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No.156, Xi'erhuan North Road, Fuzhou, 350025, China
| | - Shunliang Yang
- Department of Urology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No.156, Xi'erhuan North Road, Fuzhou, 350025, China
| | - Weizhen Wu
- Department of Urology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No.156, Xi'erhuan North Road, Fuzhou, 350025, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Urology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No.156, Xi'erhuan North Road, Fuzhou, 350025, China.
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50
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Vahidnezhad H, Karamzadeh R, Saeidian AH, Youssefian L, Sotoudeh S, Zeinali S, Vasei M, Golnabi F, Baghdadi T, Uitto J. Molecular Dynamics Simulation of the Consequences of a PYCR1 Mutation (p.Ala189Val) in Patients with Complex Connective Tissue Disorder and Severe Intellectual Disability. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:525-528. [PMID: 27756598 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Vahidnezhad
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Razieh Karamzadeh
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Saeidian
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Leila Youssefian
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA; Department of Medical Genetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Sotoudeh
- Department of Dermatology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sirous Zeinali
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Kawsar Human Genetics Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Vasei
- Department of Pathology and Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Taghi Baghdadi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jouni Uitto
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA.
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