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Solomou G, Finch A, Asghar A, Bardella C. Mutant IDH in Gliomas: Role in Cancer and Treatment Options. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15112883. [PMID: 37296846 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15112883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered metabolism is a common feature of many cancers and, in some cases, is a consequence of mutation in metabolic genes, such as the ones involved in the TCA cycle. Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) is mutated in many gliomas and other cancers. Physiologically, IDH converts isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate (α-KG), but when mutated, IDH reduces α-KG to D2-hydroxyglutarate (D2-HG). D2-HG accumulates at elevated levels in IDH mutant tumours, and in the last decade, a massive effort has been made to develop small inhibitors targeting mutant IDH. In this review, we summarise the current knowledge about the cellular and molecular consequences of IDH mutations and the therapeutic approaches developed to target IDH mutant tumours, focusing on gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Solomou
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Division of Academic Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Alina Finch
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Asim Asghar
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Chiara Bardella
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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2
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Reinbold R, Hvinden IC, Rabe P, Herold RA, Finch A, Wood J, Morgan M, Staudt M, Clifton IJ, Armstrong FA, McCullagh JSO, Redmond J, Bardella C, Abboud MI, Schofield CJ. Resistance to the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 mutant inhibitor ivosidenib can be overcome by alternative dimer-interface binding inhibitors. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4785. [PMID: 35970853 PMCID: PMC9378673 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32436-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ivosidenib, an inhibitor of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) R132C and R132H variants, is approved for the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Resistance to ivosidenib due to a second site mutation of IDH1 R132C, leading to IDH1 R132C/S280F, has emerged. We describe biochemical, crystallographic, and cellular studies on the IDH1 R132C/S280F and R132H/S280F variants that inform on the mechanism of second-site resistance, which involves both modulation of inhibitor binding at the IDH1 dimer-interface and alteration of kinetic properties, which enable more efficient 2-HG production relative to IDH1 R132C and IDH1 R132H. Importantly, the biochemical and cellular results demonstrate that it should be possible to overcome S280F mediated resistance in AML patients by using alternative inhibitors, including some presently in phase 2 clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Reinbold
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Ingvild C Hvinden
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Patrick Rabe
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Ryan A Herold
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Alina Finch
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - James Wood
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Melissa Morgan
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Maximillian Staudt
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ian J Clifton
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | | | - James S O McCullagh
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Jo Redmond
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Rd, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Chiara Bardella
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Martine I Abboud
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos/Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Christopher J Schofield
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
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Adam J, Finch A, Sepulveda C, Ducker M, Torroba MB, Krell D, Kriaucionis S, Szele F, Ratcliffe P, Soga T, Kranc K, Tomlinson I, Bardella C. Elevated 2HG does not cause features of tumorigenesis. Neuro Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab195.000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aims
Gliomas are the most frequent brain tumours, representing 75% of all primary malignant brain tumours in adults. IDH1 (and IDH2) driver mutations occur in >80% of low grade gliomas and secondary GBMs, in <10% of primary GBMs and other cancers. How IDH1/2 mutations contribute to tumorigenesis is mostly unknown. IDH1/2 convert isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate, but when mutated possess a novel enzymatic function that reduces α-ketoglutarate to D2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG). Indeed 2HG accumulates in IDH1/2-mutant tumours, and this discovery suggested that 2HG may have a role in IDH1/2-mutant tumours onset and progression, possibly by causing dysregulations of various enzymes in the cells. Studies are undergoing to clarify the causative role of 2HG in IDH1/2-mutant tumours, but it is still not clear whether 2HG is the driver/oncometabolite. Our aim is to understand the role of 2HG in developing and adult mouse tissues and whether its accumulation might cause features of gliomagenesis.
Method
A constitutive D2hgdh Knock-out mouse (D2hgdh KO) was generated and the relative molecular and cellular analysis were performed.
Results
Brains dissected from D2hgdh KO mice appeared to be histologically normal. No differences were found in the proliferation and labelling retaining capacity of neural stem and progenitors cells (NSC/NPC) of the D2hgdh KO mice compared to controls. A comprehensive metabolites analysis showed that D2hgdh KO mouse accumulated 2HG in various organs and tissues, included total brains and in the NSC/NPC microdissected from the subventricular zone, the site of origin of many human gliomas. The DNA amount of 5mC and 5hmC extracted from brains of D2hgdh KO mice was similar to controls. A normal number of haematopoietic progenitors was also found.
Conclusion
Although D2hgdh KO mice accumulated 2HG in all tissues analysed, they did not develop any abnormalities and remained completely asymptomatic. This suggests that a mere increment of 2HG in developing and adult tissues may be not sufficient to cause tumorigenesis (and gliomagenesis), leading some doubts on the oncogenic roles of the 2HG in IDH1/2-mutant tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Adam
- Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford
| | - Alina Finch
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham
| | | | - Martin Ducker
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford
| | | | - Daniel Krell
- The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford
| | | | - Francis Szele
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford
| | | | | | - Kamil Kranc
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, University of London
| | | | - Chiara Bardella
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham
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Wykes V, Finch A, Blakeway D, Bardella C, Pohl U, Beggs A, Watts C. BRAIN Surgical Tissue for Advanced Tumour models in Precision medicine: Developing the BRAIN-STAT pathway. Neuro Oncol 2021. [PMCID: PMC8524648 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab195.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aims
There are approximately four thousand neuro-oncology procedures in the UK per annum. Many of these result in tissue and biofluid specimens that are surplus to diagnostic requirement and can be collected as standard of clinical care. However, developing technologies and treatments for precision medicine require access to a range of individualised biospecimens paired with deep clinical phenotyping data. Here, we present Brain Surgical Tissue for Advanced Tumour Models (BRAINSTAT) programme, an infrastructure that has been established between Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham and the University of Birmingham, to collect, structure and store these resources and also maximise their value for research over the long-term. Using this approach our aim is to provide high-quality, annotated resources to help develop novel treatments for patients with brain tumours.
Method
BRAINSTAT infrastructure allows:
Prospective consent
Biospecimens, including tumour tissue (brain and other primary in the case of metastasis), cyst fluid, dura, skin, CSF, blood (matched “germ-line” and for circulating cell free tumour DNA analysis), urine and saliva can be collected. Consent for long term follow-up, is either via clinic or NHS digital. More limited consent for non-oncological neurosurgical cohorts (e.g. epilepsy or vascular) and healthy volunteers allow healthy access-tissue and biofluids to be collected.
B. Rapid transfer of fresh surgical tissue samples:
Strong collaborative links and close physical proximity between operating theatre and laboratory allows rapid transfer of biospecimens minimising transit time.
C. Standardised annotation across disciplines
The RedCAP database system allows granular control over data-access, and each specialist research team is provided access only to the sub-sections relevant to them. All users must have Good Clinical Practice certification and GDPR training, prior to access of the BRAINSTAT database.
Results
Between 25/11/2019-16/03/2020 and 27/07/2020-16/11/2020, 65 patients were consented for BRAINSTAT at the weekly neurosurgical oncology clinic. (Recruitment gaps due to the SARS-COVID 19 pandemic). Pathological diagnosis of surplus tissue collected included: 37 high grade glioma, 3 low grade glioma and 16 brain metastasis including: (6 lung, 6 breast, 2 colorectal, 1 oesophageal, 1 endometrial). Meningioma (5 WHO I; 1 WHO III) 1 patient undergoing anterior temporal lobectomy for hippocampal sclerosis contributed access tissue from the lateral neocortex. 1 patient had a non- neoplastic, non-diagnostic sample. All patients had matched “germ-line” blood samples.
Median time from resection to arrival in the laboratory was 10 minutes (range 4-31). Standardised operating protocols to optimise this have been developed.
Glioblastoma and breast-brain metastasis tumourspheres and cerebral organoids are currently being validated.
Conclusion
Despite the challenges of the pandemic we have established a viable tissue pipeline from neurosurgical operating theatre to our university laboratories. We are developing clinically annotated human brain tumour cell lines, stem cells and 3D organoid models, principally for commonly encountered brain tumours such as glioma and metastasis.
The research sets the foundation for a multitude of downstream applications including:
- Building more complex organoid cultures e.g. by including other cell types such as healthy brain cells and endothelial cells allowing future experiments to more accurately model tumour growth.
- Developing high-throughput, patient-specific drug screens of novel drugs and drug combinations using these 3D tumour models aiming to more effectively treat tumour proliferation and spread. These patient avatars will help inform and test more “stratified” personal medical treatments and will provide opportunities to allow earlier intervention with the aim of improving survival, coupled with a better quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Wykes
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham
| | - Alina Finch
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham
| | - Daniel Blakeway
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham
| | - Chiara Bardella
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham
| | - Ute Pohl
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham
| | - Andrew Beggs
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham
| | - Colin Watts
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham
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5
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Finch A, Solomou G, Wykes V, Pohl U, Bardella C, Watts C. Advances in Research of Adult Gliomas. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020924. [PMID: 33477674 PMCID: PMC7831916 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffuse gliomas are the most frequent brain tumours, representing 75% of all primary malignant brain tumours in adults. Because of their locally aggressive behaviour and the fact that they cannot be cured by current therapies, they represent one of the most devastating cancers. The present review summarises recent advances in our understanding of glioma development and progression by use of various in vitro and in vivo models, as well as more complex techniques including cultures of 3D organoids and organotypic slices. We discuss the progress that has been made in understanding glioma heterogeneity, alteration in gene expression and DNA methylation, as well as advances in various in silico models. Lastly current treatment options and future clinical trials, which aim to improve early diagnosis and disease monitoring, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Finch
- Institute of Cancer Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (A.F.); (G.S.); (V.W.)
| | - Georgios Solomou
- Institute of Cancer Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (A.F.); (G.S.); (V.W.)
- School of Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5NL, UK
| | - Victoria Wykes
- Institute of Cancer Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (A.F.); (G.S.); (V.W.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2WB, UK
| | - Ute Pohl
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2WB, UK;
| | - Chiara Bardella
- Institute of Cancer Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (A.F.); (G.S.); (V.W.)
- Correspondence: (C.B.); (C.W.)
| | - Colin Watts
- Institute of Cancer Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (A.F.); (G.S.); (V.W.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2WB, UK
- Correspondence: (C.B.); (C.W.)
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6
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Walsby-Tickle J, Gannon J, Hvinden I, Bardella C, Abboud MI, Nazeer A, Hauton D, Pires E, Cadoux-Hudson T, Schofield CJ, McCullagh JSO. Anion-exchange chromatography mass spectrometry provides extensive coverage of primary metabolic pathways revealing altered metabolism in IDH1 mutant cells. Commun Biol 2020; 3:247. [PMID: 32433536 PMCID: PMC7239943 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0957-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered central carbon metabolism is a hallmark of many diseases including diabetes, obesity, heart disease and cancer. Identifying metabolic changes will open opportunities for better understanding aetiological processes and identifying new diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic targets. Comprehensive and robust analysis of primary metabolic pathways in cells, tissues and bio-fluids, remains technically challenging. We report on the development and validation of a highly reproducible and robust untargeted method using anion-exchange tandem mass spectrometry (IC-MS) that enables analysis of 431 metabolites, providing detailed coverage of central carbon metabolism. We apply the method in an untargeted, discovery-driven workflow to investigate the metabolic effects of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutations in glioblastoma cells. IC-MS provides comprehensive coverage of central metabolic pathways revealing significant elevation of 2-hydroxyglutarate and depletion of 2-oxoglutarate. Further analysis of the data reveals depletion in additional metabolites including previously unrecognised changes in lysine and tryptophan metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Walsby-Tickle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Joan Gannon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Ingvild Hvinden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Chiara Bardella
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Martine I Abboud
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Areesha Nazeer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - David Hauton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Elisabete Pires
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Tom Cadoux-Hudson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | | | - James S O McCullagh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
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7
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Lee LYW, Woolley C, Starkey T, Biswas S, Mirshahi T, Bardella C, Segditsas S, Irshad S, Tomlinson I. Serum- and Glucocorticoid-induced Kinase Sgk1 Directly Promotes the Differentiation of Colorectal Cancer Cells and Restrains Metastasis. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:629-640. [PMID: 30322876 PMCID: PMC6339518 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-1033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The molecular events that determine intestinal cell differentiation are poorly understood and it is unclear whether it is primarily a passive event or an active process. It is clinically important to gain a greater understanding of the process, because in colorectal cancer, the degree of differentiation of a tumor is associated with patient survival. SGK1 has previously been identified as a gene that is principally expressed in differentiated intestinal cells. In colorectal cancer, there is marked downregulation of SGK1 compared with normal tissue.Experimental Design: An inducible SGK1 viral overexpression system was utilized to induce reexpression of SGK1 in colorectal cancer cell lines. Transcriptomic and phenotypic analyses of these colorectal cancer lines was performed and validation in mouse and human cohorts was performed. RESULTS We demonstrate that SGK1 is upregulated in response to, and an important controller of, intestinal cell differentiation. Reexpression of SGK1 in colorectal cancer cell lines results in features of differentiation, decreased migration rates, and inhibition of metastasis in an orthotopic xenograft model. These effects may be mediated, in part, by SGK1-induced PKP3 expression and increased degradation of MYC. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that SGK1 is an important mediator of differentiation of colorectal cells and may inhibit colorectal cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennard Y W Lee
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
| | - Connor Woolley
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Starkey
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sujata Biswas
- Cancer Cell Biology Group, Oxford Centre for Cancer Gene Research, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tia Mirshahi
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Chiara Bardella
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Stefania Segditsas
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Shazia Irshad
- Molecular Mechanisms of Colorectal Cancer Group, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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8
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Bardella C, Al-Shammari AR, Soares L, Tomlinson I, O'Neill E, Szele FG. The role of inflammation in subventricular zone cancer. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 170:37-52. [PMID: 29654835 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The adult subventricular zone (SVZ) stem cell niche has proven vital for discovering neurodevelopmental mechanisms and holds great potential in medicine for neurodegenerative diseases. Yet the SVZ holds a dark side - it can become tumorigenic. Glioblastomas can arise from the SVZ via cancer stem cells (CSCs). Glioblastoma and other brain cancers often have dismal prognoses since they are resistant to treatment. In this review we argue that the SVZ is susceptible to cancer because it contains stem cells, migratory progenitors and unusual inflammation. Theoretically, SVZ stem cells can convert to CSCs more readily than can postmitotic neural cells. Additionally, the robust long-distance migration of SVZ progenitors can be subverted upon tumorigenesis to an infiltrative phenotype. There is evidence that the SVZ, even in health, exhibits chronic low-grade cellular and molecular inflammation. Its inflammatory response to brain injuries and disease differs from that of other brain regions. We hypothesize that the SVZ inflammatory environment can predispose cells to novel mutations and exacerbate cancer phenotypes. This can be studied in animal models in which human mutations related to cancer are knocked into the SVZ to induce tumorigenesis and the CSC immune interactions that precede full-blown cancer. Importantly inflammation can be pharmacologically modulated providing an avenue to brain cancer management and treatment. The SVZ is accessible by virtue of its location surrounding the lateral ventricles and CSCs in the SVZ can be targeted with a variety of pharmacotherapies. Thus, the SVZ can yield aggressive tumors but can be targeted via several strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bardella
- Institute of Cancer and Genomics Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Abeer R Al-Shammari
- Research and Development, Qatar Research Leadership Program, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Luana Soares
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Institute of Cancer and Genomics Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Eric O'Neill
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Francis G Szele
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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9
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Hollinshead KER, Munford H, Eales KL, Bardella C, Li C, Escribano-Gonzalez C, Thakker A, Nonnenmacher Y, Kluckova K, Jeeves M, Murren R, Cuozzo F, Ye D, Laurenti G, Zhu W, Hiller K, Hodson DJ, Hua W, Tomlinson IP, Ludwig C, Mao Y, Tennant DA. Oncogenic IDH1 Mutations Promote Enhanced Proline Synthesis through PYCR1 to Support the Maintenance of Mitochondrial Redox Homeostasis. Cell Rep 2018; 22:3107-3114. [PMID: 29562167 PMCID: PMC5883319 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.02.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) in gliomas and other tumors, significant efforts have been made to gain a deeper understanding of the consequences of this oncogenic mutation. One aspect of the neomorphic function of the IDH1 R132H enzyme that has received less attention is the perturbation of cellular redox homeostasis. Here, we describe a biosynthetic pathway exhibited by cells expressing mutant IDH1. By virtue of a change in cellular redox homeostasis, IDH1-mutated cells synthesize excess glutamine-derived proline through enhanced activity of pyrroline 5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1), coupled to NADH oxidation. Enhanced proline biosynthesis partially uncouples the electron transport chain from tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle activity through the maintenance of a lower NADH/NAD+ ratio and subsequent reduction in oxygen consumption. Thus, we have uncovered a mechanism by which tumor cell survival may be promoted in conditions associated with perturbed redox homeostasis, as occurs in IDH1-mutated glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate E R Hollinshead
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Haydn Munford
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Katherine L Eales
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Chiara Bardella
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Molecular & Population Genetics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Chunjie Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, #12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, #131 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | | | - Alpesh Thakker
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Yannic Nonnenmacher
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Katarina Kluckova
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Mark Jeeves
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Robert Murren
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Federica Cuozzo
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Dan Ye
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, #131 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Giulio Laurenti
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, #12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Karsten Hiller
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - David J Hodson
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, UK
| | - Wei Hua
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, #12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Ian P Tomlinson
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Christian Ludwig
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Ying Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, #12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, #131 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200040, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Daniel A Tennant
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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10
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Irshad S, Bansal M, Guarnieri P, Davis H, Al Haj Zen A, Baran B, Pinna CMA, Rahman H, Biswas S, Bardella C, Jeffery R, Wang LM, East JE, Tomlinson I, Lewis A, Leedham SJ. Bone morphogenetic protein and Notch signalling crosstalk in poor-prognosis, mesenchymal-subtype colorectal cancer. J Pathol 2017; 242:178-192. [PMID: 28299802 PMCID: PMC5488238 DOI: 10.1002/path.4891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The functional role of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling in colorectal cancer (CRC) is poorly defined, with contradictory results in cancer cell line models reflecting the inherent difficulties of assessing a signalling pathway that is context-dependent and subject to genetic constraints. By assessing the transcriptional response of a diploid human colonic epithelial cell line to BMP ligand stimulation, we generated a prognostic BMP signalling signature, which was applied to multiple CRC datasets to investigate BMP heterogeneity across CRC molecular subtypes. We linked BMP and Notch signalling pathway activity and function in human colonic epithelial cells, and normal and neoplastic tissue. BMP induced Notch through a γ-secretase-independent interaction, regulated by the SMAD proteins. In homeostasis, BMP/Notch co-localization was restricted to cells at the top of the intestinal crypt, with more widespread interaction in some human CRC samples. BMP signalling was downregulated in the majority of CRCs, but was conserved specifically in mesenchymal-subtype tumours, where it interacts with Notch to induce an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype. In intestinal homeostasis, BMP-Notch pathway crosstalk is restricted to differentiating cells through stringent pathway segregation. Conserved BMP activity and loss of signalling stringency in mesenchymal-subtype tumours promotes a synergistic BMP-Notch interaction, and this correlates with poor patient prognosis. BMP signalling heterogeneity across CRC subtypes and cell lines can account for previous experimental contradictions. Crosstalk between the BMP and Notch pathways will render mesenchymal-subtype CRC insensitive to γ-secretase inhibition unless BMP activation is concomitantly addressed. © 2017 The Authors. Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazia Irshad
- Gastrointestinal Stem‐cell Biology Laboratory, Oxford Centre for Cancer Gene Research, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Mukesh Bansal
- Department of Systems BiologyColumbia University Medical CenterNew YorkNYUSA
- PsychoGenics Inc., 765 Old Saw Mill River RoadTarrytownNYUSA
| | - Paolo Guarnieri
- Department of Systems BiologyColumbia University Medical CenterNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Hayley Davis
- Gastrointestinal Stem‐cell Biology Laboratory, Oxford Centre for Cancer Gene Research, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Ayman Al Haj Zen
- Wellcome Trust Centre For Human Genetics, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Brygida Baran
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental ProtectionUniversity of SilesiaKatowicePoland
| | - Claudia Maria Assunta Pinna
- Gastrointestinal Stem‐cell Biology Laboratory, Oxford Centre for Cancer Gene Research, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and GastroenterologyUniversity Hospital PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Haseeb Rahman
- Department of Biological and Medical SciencesOxford Brookes UniversityOxfordUK
| | - Sujata Biswas
- Gastrointestinal Stem‐cell Biology Laboratory, Oxford Centre for Cancer Gene Research, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Chiara Bardella
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory, Oxford Centre for Cancer Gene Research, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Rosemary Jeffery
- Colorectal Cancer Genetics, Centre for Digestive Diseases, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and DentistryLondonUK
| | - Lai Mun Wang
- Cellular Pathology, Level 1John Radcliffe HospitalOxfordUK
| | - James Edward East
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Experimental Medicine Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical MedicineJohn Radcliffe HospitalOxfordUK
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory, Oxford Centre for Cancer Gene Research, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Annabelle Lewis
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory, Oxford Centre for Cancer Gene Research, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Simon John Leedham
- Gastrointestinal Stem‐cell Biology Laboratory, Oxford Centre for Cancer Gene Research, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Experimental Medicine Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical MedicineJohn Radcliffe HospitalOxfordUK
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11
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Bardella C, Al-Dalahmah O, Krell D, Brazauskas P, Al-Qahtani K, Tomkova M, Adam J, Serres S, Lockstone H, Freeman-Mills L, Pfeffer I, Sibson N, Goldin R, Schuster-Böeckler B, Pollard PJ, Soga T, McCullagh JS, Schofield CJ, Mulholland P, Ansorge O, Kriaucionis S, Ratcliffe PJ, Szele FG, Tomlinson I. Expression of Idh1 R132H in the Murine Subventricular Zone Stem Cell Niche Recapitulates Features of Early Gliomagenesis. Cancer Cell 2016; 30:578-594. [PMID: 27693047 PMCID: PMC5064912 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 mutations drive human gliomagenesis, probably through neomorphic enzyme activity that produces D-2-hydroxyglutarate. To model this disease, we conditionally expressed Idh1R132H in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the adult mouse brain. The mice developed hydrocephalus and grossly dilated lateral ventricles, with accumulation of 2-hydroxyglutarate and reduced α-ketoglutarate. Stem and transit amplifying/progenitor cell populations were expanded, and proliferation increased. Cells expressing SVZ markers infiltrated surrounding brain regions. SVZ cells also gave rise to proliferative subventricular nodules. DNA methylation was globally increased, while hydroxymethylation was decreased. Mutant SVZ cells overexpressed Wnt, cell-cycle and stem cell genes, and shared an expression signature with human gliomas. Idh1R132H mutation in the major adult neurogenic stem cell niche causes a phenotype resembling gliomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bardella
- Molecular & Population Genetics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Osama Al-Dalahmah
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Daniel Krell
- Molecular & Population Genetics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Pijus Brazauskas
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Khalid Al-Qahtani
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Marketa Tomkova
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Julie Adam
- Hypoxia Biology Laboratory, Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, OCDEM, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - Sébastien Serres
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research UK and MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK; School of Life Sciences, The Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Helen Lockstone
- Bioinformatics, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Luke Freeman-Mills
- Molecular & Population Genetics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Inga Pfeffer
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Nicola Sibson
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research UK and MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Robert Goldin
- Centre for Pathology, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College, London W2 1NY, UK
| | - Benjamin Schuster-Böeckler
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Patrick J Pollard
- Hypoxia Biology Laboratory, Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - James S McCullagh
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | | | - Paul Mulholland
- Department of Oncology, University College London Hospital, London NW1 2BU, UK
| | - Olaf Ansorge
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Neuropathology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Skirmantas Kriaucionis
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Peter J Ratcliffe
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK; Hypoxia Biology Laboratory, Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Francis G Szele
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK.
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Molecular & Population Genetics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.
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12
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Kovac M, Navas C, Horswell S, Salm M, Bardella C, Rowan A, Stares M, Castro-Giner F, Fisher R, de Bruin EC, Kovacova M, Gorman M, Makino S, Williams J, Jaeger E, Jones A, Howarth K, Larkin J, Pickering L, Gore M, Nicol DL, Hazell S, Stamp G, O’Brien T, Challacombe B, Matthews N, Phillimore B, Begum S, Rabinowitz A, Varela I, Chandra A, Horsfield C, Polson A, Tran M, Bhatt R, Terracciano L, Eppenberger-Castori S, Protheroe A, Maher E, El Bahrawy M, Fleming S, Ratcliffe P, Heinimann K, Swanton C, Tomlinson I. Recurrent chromosomal gains and heterogeneous driver mutations characterise papillary renal cancer evolution. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6336. [PMID: 25790038 PMCID: PMC4383019 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) is an important subtype of kidney cancer with a problematic pathological classification and highly variable clinical behaviour. Here we sequence the genomes or exomes of 31 pRCCs, and in four tumours, multi-region sequencing is undertaken. We identify BAP1, SETD2, ARID2 and Nrf2 pathway genes (KEAP1, NHE2L2 and CUL3) as probable drivers, together with at least eight other possible drivers. However, only ~10% of tumours harbour detectable pathogenic changes in any one driver gene, and where present, the mutations are often predicted to be present within cancer sub-clones. We specifically detect parallel evolution of multiple SETD2 mutations within different sub-regions of the same tumour. By contrast, large copy number gains of chromosomes 7, 12, 16 and 17 are usually early, monoclonal changes in pRCC evolution. The predominance of large copy number variants as the major drivers for pRCC highlights an unusual mode of tumorigenesis that may challenge precision medicine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Kovac
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Department of Biomedicine, Research Group Human Genomics, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carolina Navas
- Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, 44, Lincoln’s Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Stuart Horswell
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, 44, Lincoln’s Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Max Salm
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, 44, Lincoln’s Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Chiara Bardella
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Andrew Rowan
- Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, 44, Lincoln’s Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Mark Stares
- Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, 44, Lincoln’s Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Francesc Castro-Giner
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Rosalie Fisher
- Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, 44, Lincoln’s Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Elza C. de Bruin
- University College London Cancer Institute and Hospitals, Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Monika Kovacova
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Mathematics and Physics, Slovak University of Technology, Namestie slobody 17, 812 31 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Maggie Gorman
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Seiko Makino
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Jennet Williams
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Emma Jaeger
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Angela Jones
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Kimberley Howarth
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - James Larkin
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, 203 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Lisa Pickering
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, 203 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Martin Gore
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, 203 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - David L. Nicol
- Department of Urology, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, 203 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JJ, UK
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Steven Hazell
- Department of Histopathology, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, 203 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Gordon Stamp
- Experimental Histopathology, London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, 44, Lincoln’s Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Tim O’Brien
- Urology Centre, Guy’s and St Thomas’s Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Ben Challacombe
- Urology Centre, Guy’s and St Thomas’s Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Nik Matthews
- Advanced Sequencing Laboratory, London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, 44, Lincoln’s Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Benjamin Phillimore
- Advanced Sequencing Laboratory, London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, 44, Lincoln’s Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Sharmin Begum
- Advanced Sequencing Laboratory, London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, 44, Lincoln’s Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Adam Rabinowitz
- Advanced Sequencing Laboratory, London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, 44, Lincoln’s Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Ignacio Varela
- Genomic analysis of tumour development, Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (CSIC-UC-Sodercan), Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Ashish Chandra
- Department of Histopathology, Guy’s and St Thomas’s Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Catherine Horsfield
- Department of Histopathology, Guy’s and St Thomas’s Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Alexander Polson
- Department of Histopathology, Guy’s and St Thomas’s Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Maxine Tran
- Department of Oncology, Uro-Oncology Research Group, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Rupesh Bhatt
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK
| | - Luigi Terracciano
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 40, 4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Andrew Protheroe
- Department of Oncology, Cancer and Haematology Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - Eamonn Maher
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Mona El Bahrawy
- Department of Histopathology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0HS, UK
| | - Stewart Fleming
- Department of Histopathology, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee Medical School, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Peter Ratcliffe
- Hypoxia Biology Laboratory, Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Karl Heinimann
- Department of Biomedicine, Research Group Human Genomics, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Charles Swanton
- Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, 44, Lincoln’s Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
- University College London Cancer Institute and Hospitals, Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
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13
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Davis H, Irshad S, Bansal M, Rafferty H, Boitsova T, Bardella C, Jaeger E, Lewis A, Freeman-Mills L, Giner FC, Rodenas-Cuadrado P, Mallappa S, Clark S, Thomas H, Jeffery R, Poulsom R, Rodriguez-Justo M, Novelli M, Chetty R, Silver A, Sansom OJ, Greten FR, Wang LM, East JE, Tomlinson I, Leedham SJ. Aberrant epithelial GREM1 expression initiates colonic tumorigenesis from cells outside the stem cell niche. Nat Med 2015; 21:62-70. [PMID: 25419707 PMCID: PMC4594755 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary mixed polyposis syndrome (HMPS) is characterized by the development of mixed-morphology colorectal tumors and is caused by a 40-kb genetic duplication that results in aberrant epithelial expression of the gene encoding mesenchymal bone morphogenetic protein antagonist, GREM1. Here we use HMPS tissue and a mouse model of the disease to show that epithelial GREM1 disrupts homeostatic intestinal morphogen gradients, altering cell fate that is normally determined by position along the vertical epithelial axis. This promotes the persistence and/or reacquisition of stem cell properties in Lgr5-negative progenitor cells that have exited the stem cell niche. These cells form ectopic crypts, proliferate, accumulate somatic mutations and can initiate intestinal neoplasia, indicating that the crypt base stem cell is not the sole cell of origin of colorectal cancer. Furthermore, we show that epithelial expression of GREM1 also occurs in traditional serrated adenomas, sporadic premalignant lesions with a hitherto unknown pathogenesis, and these lesions can be considered the sporadic equivalents of HMPS polyps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Davis
- Gastrointestinal Stem cell Biology Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Shazia Irshad
- Gastrointestinal Stem cell Biology Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Mukesh Bansal
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hannah Rafferty
- Gastrointestinal Stem cell Biology Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Tatjana Boitsova
- Gastrointestinal Stem cell Biology Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Colorectal Cancer Genetics, Centre for Digestive Diseases, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, 4 Newark Street, Whitechapel, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Chiara Bardella
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Emma Jaeger
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Annabelle Lewis
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Luke Freeman-Mills
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Francesc Castro Giner
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Pedro Rodenas-Cuadrado
- Gastrointestinal Stem cell Biology Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Sreelakshmi Mallappa
- Polyposis registry, St Mark’s Hospital, Northwick Park, Watford Road, Harrow, HA1 3UJ, UK
| | - Susan Clark
- Polyposis registry, St Mark’s Hospital, Northwick Park, Watford Road, Harrow, HA1 3UJ, UK
| | - Huw Thomas
- Polyposis registry, St Mark’s Hospital, Northwick Park, Watford Road, Harrow, HA1 3UJ, UK
| | - Rosemary Jeffery
- Colorectal Cancer Genetics, Centre for Digestive Diseases, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, 4 Newark Street, Whitechapel, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Richard Poulsom
- Colorectal Cancer Genetics, Centre for Digestive Diseases, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, 4 Newark Street, Whitechapel, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Manuel Rodriguez-Justo
- Histopathology department, University College London Hospital, Rockefeller Building, University Street, London, WC1, UK
| | - Marco Novelli
- Histopathology department, University College London Hospital, Rockefeller Building, University Street, London, WC1, UK
| | - Runjan Chetty
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network and University of Toronto, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Andrew Silver
- Colorectal Cancer Genetics, Centre for Digestive Diseases, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, 4 Newark Street, Whitechapel, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Owen James Sansom
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Florian R Greten
- Georg-Speyer-Haus Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 42-44, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lai Mun Wang
- Cellular Pathology, Level 1, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - James Edward East
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Experimental Medicine Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Oxford NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Simon John Leedham
- Gastrointestinal Stem cell Biology Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Experimental Medicine Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
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14
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Krell D, Mulholland P, Frampton AE, Krell J, Stebbing J, Bardella C. IDH mutations in tumorigenesis and their potential role as novel therapeutic targets. Future Oncol 2014; 9:1923-35. [PMID: 24295421 DOI: 10.2217/fon.13.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenases (IDHs) catalyze the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate (α-KG). Somatic mutations in genes encoding IDH1 and IDH2 were first identified in glioma and subsequently in acute myeloid leukemia and other solid tumors. These heterozygous point mutations occur at the arginine residue of the enzyme's active site and cause both loss of normal enzyme function and gain of function, causing reduction of α-KG to D-2-hydroxyglutarate, which accumulates. D-2-hydroxyglutarate may act as an oncometabolite through the inhibition of various α-KG-dependent enzymes, stimulating angiogenesis, histone modifications and aberrant DNA methylation. Possibly, IDH mutations may also cause oncogenic effects through dysregulation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, or by increasing susceptibility to oxidative stress. Clinically, IDH mutations may be useful diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers, and it is anticipated that a better understanding of the pathogenesis of IDH mutations will enable IDH-directed therapies to be developed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Krell
- Molecular & Population Genetics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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15
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Schödel J, Bardella C, Sciesielski LK, Brown JM, Pugh CW, Buckle V, Tomlinson IP, Ratcliffe PJ, Mole DR. Common genetic variants at the 11q13.3 renal cancer susceptibility locus influence binding of HIF to an enhancer of cyclin D1 expression. Nat Genet 2012; 44:420-5, S1-2. [PMID: 22406644 PMCID: PMC3378637 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Though genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified the existence of numerous population-based cancer susceptibility loci, mechanistic insights remain limited, particularly for intergenic polymorphisms. Here we show that polymorphism at a remote intergenic region on chromosome 11q13.3, recently identified as a susceptibility locus for renal cell carcinoma1, modulates the binding and function of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) at a previously unrecognized, transcriptional enhancer of cyclin D1 specific for renal cancers characterized by pVHL inactivation. The protective haplotype impairs binding of HIF-2 resulting in an allelic imbalance in cyclin D1 expression, thus affecting a link between hypoxia pathways and cell cycle control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Schödel
- Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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16
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Bardella C, Pollard PJ, Tomlinson I. SDH mutations in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta 2011; 1807:1432-43. [PMID: 21771581 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2011.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Revised: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, SDHD genes encode the four subunits of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH; mitochondrial complex II), a mitochondrial enzyme involved in two essential energy-producing metabolic processes of the cell, the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain. Germline loss-of-function mutations in any of the SDH genes or assembly factor (SDHAF2) cause hereditary paraganglioma/phaeochromocytoma syndrome (HPGL/PCC) through a mechanism which is largely unknown. Owing to the central function of SDH in cellular energy metabolism it is important to understand its role in tumor suppression. Here is reported an overview of genetics, clinical and molecular progress recently performed in understanding the basis of HPGL/PCC tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bardella
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
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17
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Bardella C, El-Bahrawy M, Frizzell N, Adam J, Ternette N, Hatipoglu E, Howarth K, O'Flaherty L, Roberts I, Turner G, Taylor J, Giaslakiotis K, Macaulay VM, Harris AL, Chandra A, Lehtonen HJ, Launonen V, Aaltonen LA, Pugh CW, Mihai R, Trudgian D, Kessler B, Baynes JW, Ratcliffe PJ, Tomlinson IP, Pollard PJ. Aberrant succination of proteins in fumarate hydratase-deficient mice and HLRCC patients is a robust biomarker of mutation status. J Pathol 2011; 225:4-11. [DOI: 10.1002/path.2932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Revised: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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18
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Krell D, Assoku M, Galloway M, Mulholland P, Tomlinson I, Bardella C. Screen for IDH1, IDH2, IDH3, D2HGDH and L2HGDH mutations in glioblastoma. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19868. [PMID: 21625441 PMCID: PMC3100313 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenases (IDHs) catalyse oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate (α-KG). IDH1 functions in the cytosol and peroxisomes, whereas IDH2 and IDH3 are both localized in the mitochondria. Heterozygous somatic mutations in IDH1 occur at codon 132 in 70% of grade II–III gliomas and secondary glioblastomas (GBMs), and in 5% of primary GBMs. Mutations in IDH2 at codon 172 are present in grade II–III gliomas at a low frequency. IDH1 and IDH2 mutations cause both loss of normal enzyme function and gain-of-function, causing reduction of α-KG to D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2HG) which accumulates. Excess hydroxyglutarate (2HG) can also be caused by germline mutations in D- and L-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenases (D2HGDH and L2HGDH). If loss of IDH function is critical for tumourigenesis, we might expect some tumours to acquire somatic IDH3 mutations. Alternatively, if 2HG accumulation is critical, some tumours might acquire somatic D2HGDH or L2HGDH mutations. We therefore screened 47 glioblastoma samples looking for changes in these genes. Although IDH1 R132H was identified in 12% of samples, no mutations were identified in any of the other genes. This suggests that mutations in IDH3, D2HGDH and L2HGDH do not occur at an appreciable frequency in GBM. One explanation is simply that mono-allelic IDH1 and IDH2 mutations occur more frequently by chance than the bi-allelic mutations expected at IDH3, D2HGDH and L2HGDH. Alternatively, both loss of IDH function and 2HG accumulation might be required for tumourigenesis, and only IDH1 and IDH2 mutations have these dual effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Krell
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical Oncology, University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mawuelikem Assoku
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical Oncology, University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm Galloway
- Department of Cellular Pathology, The Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Mulholland
- Department of Medical Oncology, University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Chiara Bardella
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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19
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Ashrafian H, O'Flaherty L, Adam J, Steeples V, Chung YL, East P, Vanharanta S, Lehtonen H, Nye E, Hatipoglu E, Miranda M, Howarth K, Shukla D, Troy H, Griffiths J, Spencer-Dene B, Yusuf M, Volpi E, Maxwell PH, Stamp G, Poulsom R, Pugh CW, Costa B, Bardella C, Di Renzo MF, Kotlikoff MI, Launonen V, Aaltonen L, El-Bahrawy M, Tomlinson I, Pollard PJ. Expression profiling in progressive stages of fumarate-hydratase deficiency: the contribution of metabolic changes to tumorigenesis. Cancer Res 2010; 70:9153-65. [PMID: 20978192 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-1949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma (HLRCC) is caused by mutations in the Krebs cycle enzyme fumarate hydratase (FH). It has been proposed that "pseudohypoxic" stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor-α (HIF-α) by fumarate accumulation contributes to tumorigenesis in HLRCC. We hypothesized that an additional direct consequence of FH deficiency is the establishment of a biosynthetic milieu. To investigate this hypothesis, we isolated primary mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) lines from Fh1-deficient mice. As predicted, these MEFs upregulated Hif-1α and HIF target genes directly as a result of FH deficiency. In addition, detailed metabolic assessment of these MEFs confirmed their dependence on glycolysis, and an elevated rate of lactate efflux, associated with the upregulation of glycolytic enzymes known to be associated with tumorigenesis. Correspondingly, Fh1-deficient benign murine renal cysts and an advanced human HLRCC-related renal cell carcinoma manifested a prominent and progressive increase in the expression of HIF-α target genes and in genes known to be relevant to tumorigenesis and metastasis. In accord with our hypothesis, in a variety of different FH-deficient tissues, including a novel murine model of Fh1-deficient smooth muscle, we show a striking and progressive upregulation of a tumorigenic metabolic profile, as manifested by increased PKM2 and LDHA protein. Based on the models assessed herein, we infer that that FH deficiency compels cells to adopt an early, reversible, and progressive protumorigenic metabolic milieu that is reminiscent of that driving the Warburg effect. Targets identified in these novel and diverse FH-deficient models represent excellent potential candidates for further mechanistic investigation and therapeutic metabolic manipulation in tumors.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/pathology
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Embryo, Mammalian/cytology
- Female
- Fibroblasts/cytology
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Fumarate Hydratase/deficiency
- Fumarate Hydratase/genetics
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
- Glycolysis
- Humans
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/genetics
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Kidney Neoplasms/genetics
- Kidney Neoplasms/metabolism
- Kidney Neoplasms/pathology
- Leiomyomatosis/genetics
- Leiomyomatosis/metabolism
- Leiomyomatosis/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Smooth/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth/pathology
- Neoplasms/genetics
- Neoplasms/metabolism
- Neoplasms/pathology
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Spectral Karyotyping
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Affiliation(s)
- Houman Ashrafian
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, United Kingdom
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Costa B, Dettori D, Lorenzato A, Bardella C, Coltella N, Martino C, Cammarata C, Carmeliet P, Olivero M, Di Renzo MF. Fumarase tumor suppressor gene and MET oncogene cooperate in upholding transformation and tumorigenesis. FASEB J 2010; 24:2680-8. [PMID: 20354140 DOI: 10.1096/fj.09-146928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Loss of the fumarate hydratase (FH) tumor suppressor gene results in the development of benign tumors that rarely, but regrettably, progress to very aggressive cancers. Using mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) to model transformation, we found that fh knockdown results in increased expression of the met oncogene-encoded tyrosine kinase receptor through hypoxia-inducible factor (hif) stabilization. MET-increased expression was alone able to stabilize hif, thus establishing a feed forward loop that might enforce tumor progression. The fh-defective MEFs showed increased motility and protection from apoptosis. Motility, but not survival, relied on hif-1alpha and was greatly enhanced by MET ligand hepatocyte growth factor. Met cooperated with a weakly oncogenic ras in making MEFs transformed and tumorigenic, as shown by in vitro and in vivo assays. Loss of fh was not equally effective by itself but enhanced the transformed and tumorigenic phenotype induced by ras and MET. Consistently, the rescue of fumarase expression abrogated the motogenic and transformed phenotype of fh-defective MEFs. In conclusion, the data suggest that the progression of tumors where FH is lost might be boosted by activation of the MET oncogene, which is able to drive cell-autonomous tumor progression and is a strong candidate for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Costa
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Torino School of Medicine, Turin, Italy
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21
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Bardella C, Dettori D, Olivero M, Coltella N, Mazzone M, Di Renzo MF. The therapeutic potential of hepatocyte growth factor to sensitize ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin and paclitaxel in vivo. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 13:2191-8. [PMID: 17404103 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-06-1915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Advanced ovarian cancers are initially responsive to combinatorial chemotherapy with platinum drugs and taxanes but, in most cases, develop drug resistance. We recently showed that, in vitro, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) enhances death of human ovarian cancer cell lines treated with cisplatin (CDDP) and paclitaxel. The present study addresses whether in vivo HGF makes ovarian carcinoma cells more responsive to these chemotherapeutics. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Using Lentiviral vectors carrying the HGF transgene, we transduced SK-OV-3 and NIH:OVCAR-3 ovarian carcinoma cell lines to obtain stable autocrine and paracrine HGF receptor activation. In vitro, we assayed growth, motility, invasiveness, and the response to CDDP and paclitaxel of the HGF-secreting bulk unselected cell populations. In vivo, we tested the cytotoxic effects of the drugs versus s.c. tumors formed by the wild-type and HGF-secreting cells in immunocompromised mice. Tumor-bearing mice were treated with CDDP (i.p.) and paclitaxel (i.v.), combined in different schedules and doses. RESULTS In vitro, HGF-secreting cells did not show altered proliferation rates and survival but were strongly sensitized to the death triggered by CDDP and paclitaxel, alone or in combination. In vivo, we found a therapeutic window in which autocrine/paracrine HGF made tumors sensitive to low doses of the drugs, which were ineffective on their own. CONCLUSIONS These data provide the proof-of-concept that in vivo gene therapy with HGF might be competent in sensitizing ovarian cancer cells to conventional chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bardella
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Division of Molecular Oncology of the Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment, University of Torino School of Medicine, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
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22
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Coltella N, Rasola A, Nano E, Bardella C, Fassetta M, Filigheddu N, Graziani A, Comoglio PM, Di Renzo MF. p38 MAPK turns hepatocyte growth factor to a death signal that commits ovarian cancer cells to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Int J Cancer 2006; 118:2981-90. [PMID: 16395709 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.21766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We recently showed that Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF), known as a survival factor, unexpectedly enhances apoptosis in human ovarian cancer cells treated with the front-line chemotherapeutics cisplatin (CDDP) and paclitaxel (PTX). Here we demonstrate that this effect depends on the p38 mitogen-activated kinase (MAPK). In fact, p38 MAPK activity is stimulated by HGF and further increased by the combined treatment with HGF and either CDDP or PTX. The expression of a dominant negative form of p38 MAPK abrogates apoptosis elicited by drugs, alone or in combination with HGF. HGF and drugs also activate the ERK1/2 MAPKs, the PI3K/AKT and the AKT substrate mTOR. However, activation of these survival pathways does not hinder the ability of HGF to enhance drug-dependent apoptosis. Altogether data show that p38 MAPK is necessary for HGF sensitization of ovarian cancer cells to low-doses of CDDP and PTX and might be sufficient to overcome activation of survival pathways. Therefore, the p38 MAPK pathway might be a suitable target to improve response to conventional chemotherapy in human ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Coltella
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment, University of Turin Medical School, Candiolo, Italy
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23
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Bardella C, Costa B, Maggiora P, Patane' S, Olivero M, Ranzani GN, De Bortoli M, Comoglio PM, Di Renzo MF. Truncated RON tyrosine kinase drives tumor cell progression and abrogates cell-cell adhesion through E-cadherin transcriptional repression. Cancer Res 2004; 64:5154-61. [PMID: 15289319 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-04-0600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RON is a tyrosine kinase receptor that triggers scattering of normal cells and invasive growth of cancer cells on ligand binding. We identified a short RON mRNA, which is expressed in human lung, ovary, tissues of the gastrointestinal tract, and also in several human cancers, including ovarian carcinomas and cell lines from pancreatic carcinomas and leukemias. This transcript encodes a truncated protein (short-form RON; sf-RON), lacking most of the RON receptor extracellular domain but retaining the whole transmembrane and intracellular domains. Sf-RON shows strong intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity and is constitutively phosphorylated. Epithelial cells transduced with sf-RON display an aggressive phenotype; they shift to a nonepithelial morphology, are unable to form aggregates, grow faster in monolayer cultures, show anchorage-independent growth, and become motile. We show that in these cells, E-cadherin expression is lost through a dominant transcriptional repression pathway likely mediated by the transcriptional factor SLUG. Altogether, these data show that expression of a naturally occurring, constitutively active truncated RON kinase results in loss of epithelial phenotype and aggressive behavior and, thus, it might contribute to tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bardella
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment, University of Torino Medical School, 10060 Candiolo, Turin, Italy
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