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Hu T, Malek Mohammadi M, Ebach F, Hesse M, Kotlikoff MI, Fleischmann BK. Right ventricular cardiomyocyte expansion accompanies cardiac regeneration in newborn mice after large left ventricular infarcts. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e176281. [PMID: 38319719 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.176281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Cauterization of the root of the left coronary artery (LCA) in the neonatal heart on postnatal day 1 (P1) resulted in large, reproducible lesions of the left ventricle (LV), and an attendant marked adaptive response in the right ventricle (RV). The response of both chambers to LV myocardial infarction involved enhanced cardiomyocyte (CM) division and binucleation, as well as LV revascularization, leading to restored heart function within 7 days post surgery (7 dps). By contrast, infarction of P3 mice resulted in cardiac scarring without a significant regenerative and adaptive response of the LV and the RV, leading to subsequent heart failure and death within 7 dps. The prominent RV myocyte expansion in P1 mice involved an acute increase in pulmonary arterial pressure and a unique gene regulatory response, leading to an increase in RV mass and preserved heart function. Thus, distinct adaptive mechanisms in the RV, such as CM proliferation and RV expansion, enable marked cardiac regeneration of the infarcted LV at P1 and full functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyuan Hu
- Institute of Physiology I, Life and Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Mona Malek Mohammadi
- Institute of Physiology I, Life and Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Fabian Ebach
- Institute of Physiology I, Life and Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Hesse
- Institute of Physiology I, Life and Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael I Kotlikoff
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Bernd K Fleischmann
- Institute of Physiology I, Life and Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Germany
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2
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Ren L, Thai PN, Gopireddy RR, Timofeyev V, Ledford HA, Woltz RL, Park S, Puglisi JL, Moreno CM, Santana LF, Conti AC, Kotlikoff MI, Xiang YK, Yarov-Yarovoy V, Zaccolo M, Zhang XD, Yamoah EN, Navedo MF, Chiamvimonvat N. Adenylyl cyclase isoform 1 contributes to sinoatrial node automaticity via functional microdomains. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e162602. [PMID: 36509290 PMCID: PMC9746826 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.162602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sinoatrial node (SAN) cells are the heart's primary pacemaker. Their activity is tightly regulated by β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) signaling. Adenylyl cyclase (AC) is a key enzyme in the β-AR pathway that catalyzes the production of cAMP. There are current gaps in our knowledge regarding the dominant AC isoforms and the specific roles of Ca2+-activated ACs in the SAN. The current study tests the hypothesis that distinct AC isoforms are preferentially expressed in the SAN and compartmentalize within microdomains to orchestrate heart rate regulation during β-AR signaling. In contrast to atrial and ventricular myocytes, SAN cells express a diverse repertoire of ACs, with ACI as the predominant Ca2+-activated isoform. Although ACI-KO (ACI-/-) mice exhibit normal cardiac systolic or diastolic function, they experience SAN dysfunction. Similarly, SAN-specific CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene silencing of ACI results in sinus node dysfunction. Mechanistically, hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated 4 (HCN4) channels form functional microdomains almost exclusively with ACI, while ryanodine receptor and L-type Ca2+ channels likely compartmentalize with ACI and other AC isoforms. In contrast, there were no significant differences in T-type Ca2+ and Na+ currents at baseline or after β-AR stimulation between WT and ACI-/- SAN cells. Due to its central characteristic feature as a Ca2+-activated isoform, ACI plays a unique role in sustaining the rise of local cAMP and heart rates during β-AR stimulation. The findings provide insights into the critical roles of the Ca2+-activated isoform of AC in sustaining SAN automaticity that is distinct from contractile cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Ren
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, UCD, Davis, California, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Phung N. Thai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, UCD, Davis, California, USA
- Department of Veteran Affairs, Northern California Health Care System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | | | - Valeriy Timofeyev
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, UCD, Davis, California, USA
| | - Hannah A. Ledford
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, UCD, Davis, California, USA
| | - Ryan L. Woltz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, UCD, Davis, California, USA
- Department of Veteran Affairs, Northern California Health Care System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Seojin Park
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA
- Prestige Biopharma Korea, Myongjigukje 7-ro, Gangseo-gu, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jose L. Puglisi
- College of Medicine. California North State University, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Claudia M. Moreno
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, UCD, Davis, California, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Alana C. Conti
- Research & Development Service, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, and
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Yang Kevin Xiang
- Department of Veteran Affairs, Northern California Health Care System, Sacramento, California, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, UCD, Davis, California, USA
| | | | - Manuela Zaccolo
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, UCD, Davis, California, USA
- Department of Veteran Affairs, Northern California Health Care System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Ebenezer N. Yamoah
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | | | - Nipavan Chiamvimonvat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, UCD, Davis, California, USA
- Department of Veteran Affairs, Northern California Health Care System, Sacramento, California, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, UCD, Davis, California, USA
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3
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Lee FK, Lee JC, Shui B, Reining S, Jibilian M, Small DM, Jones JS, Allan-Rahill NH, Lamont MR, Rizzo MA, Tajada S, Navedo MF, Santana LF, Nishimura N, Kotlikoff MI. Genetically engineered mice for combinatorial cardiovascular optobiology. eLife 2021; 10:67858. [PMID: 34711305 PMCID: PMC8555989 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Optogenetic effectors and sensors provide a novel real-time window into complex physiological processes, enabling determination of molecular signaling processes within functioning cellular networks. However, the combination of these optical tools in mice is made practical by construction of genetic lines that are optically compatible and genetically tractable. We present a new toolbox of 21 mouse lines with lineage-specific expression of optogenetic effectors and sensors for direct biallelic combination, avoiding the multiallelic requirement of Cre recombinase -mediated DNA recombination, focusing on models relevant for cardiovascular biology. Optogenetic effectors (11 lines) or Ca2+ sensors (10 lines) were selectively expressed in cardiac pacemaker cells, cardiomyocytes, vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells, alveolar epithelial cells, lymphocytes, glia, and other cell types. Optogenetic effector and sensor function was demonstrated in numerous tissues. Arterial/arteriolar tone was modulated by optical activation of the second messengers InsP3 (optoα1AR) and cAMP (optoß2AR), or Ca2+-permeant membrane channels (CatCh2) in smooth muscle (Acta2) and endothelium (Cdh5). Cardiac activation was separately controlled through activation of nodal/conducting cells or cardiac myocytes. We demonstrate combined effector and sensor function in biallelic mouse crosses: optical cardiac pacing and simultaneous cardiomyocyte Ca2+ imaging in Hcn4BAC-CatCh2/Myh6-GCaMP8 crosses. These experiments highlight the potential of these mice to explore cellular signaling in vivo, in complex tissue networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank K Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Jane C Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Bo Shui
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Shaun Reining
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Megan Jibilian
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - David M Small
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Jason S Jones
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | | | - Michael Re Lamont
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Megan A Rizzo
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Sendoa Tajada
- Departments of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, United States
| | - Manuel F Navedo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, United States
| | - Luis Fernando Santana
- Departments of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, United States
| | - Nozomi Nishimura
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Michael I Kotlikoff
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
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Longden TA, Mughal A, Hennig GW, Harraz OF, Shui B, Lee FK, Lee JC, Reining S, Kotlikoff MI, König GM, Kostenis E, Hill-Eubanks D, Nelson MT. Local IP 3 receptor-mediated Ca 2+ signals compound to direct blood flow in brain capillaries. Sci Adv 2021; 7:eabh0101. [PMID: 34290098 PMCID: PMC8294755 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abh0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Healthy brain function depends on the finely tuned spatial and temporal delivery of blood-borne nutrients to active neurons via the vast, dense capillary network. Here, using in vivo imaging in anesthetized mice, we reveal that brain capillary endothelial cells control blood flow through a hierarchy of IP3 receptor-mediated Ca2+ events, ranging from small, subsecond protoevents, reflecting Ca2+ release through a small number of channels, to high-amplitude, sustained (up to ~1 min) compound events mediated by large clusters of channels. These frequent (~5000 events/s per microliter of cortex) Ca2+ signals are driven by neuronal activity, which engages Gq protein-coupled receptor signaling, and are enhanced by Ca2+ entry through TRPV4 channels. The resulting Ca2+-dependent synthesis of nitric oxide increases local blood flow selectively through affected capillary branches, providing a mechanism for high-resolution control of blood flow to small clusters of neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Longden
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amreen Mughal
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Grant W Hennig
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Vermont Center for Cardiovascular and Brain Health, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Osama F Harraz
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Bo Shui
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Frank K Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jane C Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Shaun Reining
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Michael I Kotlikoff
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Gabriele M König
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Evi Kostenis
- Molecular, Cellular, and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Mark T Nelson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
- Vermont Center for Cardiovascular and Brain Health, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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5
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Chen YL, Baker TM, Lee F, Shui B, Lee JC, Tvrdik P, Kotlikoff MI, Sonkusare SK. Calcium Signal Profiles in Vascular Endothelium from Cdh5-GCaMP8 and Cx40-GCaMP2 Mice. J Vasc Res 2021; 58:159-171. [PMID: 33706307 PMCID: PMC8102377 DOI: 10.1159/000514210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Studies in Cx40-GCaMP2 mice, which express calcium biosensor GCaMP2 in the endothelium under connexin 40 promoter, have identified the unique properties of endothelial calcium signals. However, Cx40-GCaMP2 mouse is associated with a narrow dynamic range and lack of signal in the venous endothelium. Recent studies have proposed many GCaMPs (GCaMP5/6/7/8) with improved properties although their performance in endothelium-specific calcium studies is not known. METHODS We characterized a newly developed mouse line that constitutively expresses GCaMP8 in the endothelium under the VE-cadherin (Cdh5-GCaMP8) promoter. Calcium signals through endothelial IP3 receptors and TRP vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) ion channels were recorded in mesenteric arteries (MAs) and veins from Cdh5-GCaMP8 and Cx40-GCaMP2 mice. RESULTS Cdh5-GCaMP8 mice showed lower baseline fluorescence intensity, higher dynamic range, and higher amplitudes of individual calcium signals than Cx40-GCaMP2 mice. Importantly, Cdh5-GCaMP8 mice enabled the first recordings of discrete calcium signals in the intact venous endothelium and revealed striking differences in IP3 receptor and TRPV4 channel calcium signals between MAs and mesenteric veins. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that Cdh5-GCaMP8 mice represent significant improvements in dynamic range, sensitivity for low-intensity signals, and the ability to record calcium signals in venous endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen Lin Chen
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Thomas M Baker
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Frank Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Bo Shui
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Jane C Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Petr Tvrdik
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Neuroscience and Bioengineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Michael I Kotlikoff
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Swapnil K Sonkusare
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA,
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA,
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6
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Liu B, Henry AP, Azimi S, Miller S, Lee FK, Lee JC, Probert K, Kotlikoff MI, Sayers I, Hall IP. Exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) reduces contractile response of small airways from GSTCD-/- mice. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221899. [PMID: 31513609 PMCID: PMC6742219 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Genome-Wide Association Studies suggest glutathione S transferase C terminal domain (GSTCD) may play a role in development of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. We aimed to define the potential role of GSTCD in airway inflammation and contraction using precision cut lung slice (PCLS) from wild-type (GSTCD+/+) and GSTCD knockout mice (GSTCD-/-). Methods PCLS from age and gender matched GSTCD+/+ and GSTCD-/- mice were prepared using a microtome. Contraction was studied after applying either a single dose of Methacholine (Mch) (1 μM) or different doses of Mch (0.001 to 100 μM). Each slice was then treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or vehicle (PBS) for 24 hours. PCLS contraction in the same airway was repeated before and after stimulation. Levels of TNFα production was also measured. Results There were no differences in contraction of PCLS from GSTCD+/+ and GSTCD-/- mice in response to Mch (EC50 of GSTCD+/+ vs GSTCD-/- animals: 100.0±20.7 vs 107.7±24.5 nM, p = 0.855, n = 6 animals/group). However, after LPS treatment, there was a 31.6% reduction in contraction in the GSTCD-/- group (p = 0.023, n = 6 animals). There was no significant difference between PBS and LPS treatment groups in GSTCD+/+ animals. We observed a significant increase in TNFα production induced by LPS in GSTCD-/- lung slices compared to the GSTCD+/+ LPS treated slices. Conclusion GSTCD knockout mice showed an increased responsiveness to LPS (as determined by TNFα production) that was accompanied by a reduced contraction of small airways in PCLS. These data highlight an unrecognised potential function of GSTCD in mediating inflammatory signals that affect airway responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, & National Institute for Health Medicine, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda P. Henry
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, & National Institute for Health Medicine, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Sheyda Azimi
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, & National Institute for Health Medicine, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England, United Kingdom
| | - Suzanne Miller
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, & National Institute for Health Medicine, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England, United Kingdom
| | - Frank K. Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Jane C. Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Kelly Probert
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, & National Institute for Health Medicine, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England, United Kingdom
| | - Michael I. Kotlikoff
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Ian Sayers
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, & National Institute for Health Medicine, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England, United Kingdom
| | - Ian P. Hall
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, & National Institute for Health Medicine, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England, United Kingdom
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Collier DM, Villalba N, Sackheim A, Bonev AD, Miller ZD, Moore JS, Shui B, Lee JC, Lee FK, Reining S, Kotlikoff MI, Nelson MT, Freeman K. Extracellular histones induce calcium signals in the endothelium of resistance-sized mesenteric arteries and cause loss of endothelium-dependent dilation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 316:H1309-H1322. [PMID: 30848676 PMCID: PMC6620684 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00655.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Histone proteins are elevated in the circulation after traumatic injury owing to cellular lysis and release from neutrophils. Elevated circulating histones in trauma contribute to coagulopathy and mortality through a mechanism suspected to involve endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction. However, the functional consequences of histone exposure on intact blood vessels are unknown. Here, we sought to understand the effects of clinically relevant concentrations of histones on the endothelium in intact, resistance-sized, mesenteric arteries (MAs). EC Ca2+ was measured with high spatial and temporal resolution in MAs from mice selectively expressing the EC-specific, genetically encoded ratiometric Ca2+ indicator, Cx40-GCaMP-GR, and vessel diameter was measured by edge detection. Application of purified histone protein directly to the endothelium of en face mouse and human MA preparations produced large Ca2+ signals that spread within and between ECs. Surprisingly, luminal application of histones had no effect on the diameter of pressurized arteries. Instead, after prolonged exposure (30 min), it reduced dilations to endothelium-dependent vasodilators and ultimately caused death of ~25% of ECs, as evidenced by markedly elevated cytosolic Ca2+ levels (793 ± 75 nM) and uptake of propidium iodide. Removal of extracellular Ca2+ but not depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores prevented histone-induced Ca2+ signals. Histone-induced signals were not suppressed by transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channel inhibition (100 nM GSK2193874) or genetic ablation of TRPV4 channels or Toll-like receptor receptors. These data demonstrate that histones are robust activators of noncanonical EC Ca2+ signaling, which cause vascular dysfunction through loss of endothelium-dependent dilation in resistance-sized MAs. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We describe the first use of the endothelial cell (EC)-specific, ratiometric, genetically encoded Ca2+ indicator, Cx40-GCaMP-GR, to study the effect of histone proteins on EC Ca2+ signaling. We found that histones induce an influx of Ca2+ in ECs that does not cause vasodilation but instead causes Ca2+ overload, EC death, and vascular dysfunction in the form of lost endothelium-dependent dilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Collier
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine , Burlington, Vermont
| | - Nuria Villalba
- Department of Surgery, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine , Burlington, Vermont
| | - Adrian Sackheim
- Department of Surgery, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine , Burlington, Vermont
| | - Adrian D Bonev
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine , Burlington, Vermont
| | - Zachary D Miller
- Department of Surgery, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine , Burlington, Vermont
| | - Jesse S Moore
- Department of Surgery, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine , Burlington, Vermont
| | - Bo Shui
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York
| | - Jane C Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York
| | - Frank K Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York
| | - Shaun Reining
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York
| | - Michael I Kotlikoff
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York
| | - Mark T Nelson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine , Burlington, Vermont
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester , Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kalev Freeman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine , Burlington, Vermont
- Department of Surgery, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine , Burlington, Vermont
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8
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Sun C, Shui B, Zhao W, Liu H, Li W, Lee JC, Doran R, Lee FK, Sun T, Shen QS, Wang X, Reining S, Kotlikoff MI, Zhang Z, Cheng H. Central role of IP 3R2-mediated Ca 2+ oscillation in self-renewal of liver cancer stem cells elucidated by high-signal ER sensor. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:396. [PMID: 31113961 PMCID: PMC6529459 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1613-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+ oscillation is a system-level property of the cellular Ca2+-handling machinery and encodes diverse physiological and pathological signals. The present study tests the hypothesis that Ca2+ oscillations play a vital role in maintaining the stemness of liver cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are postulated to be responsible for cancer initiation and progression. We found that niche factor-stimulated Ca2+ oscillation is a signature feature of CSC-enriched Hep-12 cells and purified α2δ1+ CSC fractions from hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. In Hep-12 cells, the Ca2+ oscillation frequency positively correlated with the self-renewal potential. Using a newly developed high signal, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) localized Ca2+ sensor GCaMP-ER2, we demonstrated CSC-distinctive oscillatory ER Ca2+ release controlled by the type 2 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R2). Knockdown of IP3R2 severely suppressed the self-renewal capacity of liver CSCs. We propose that targeting the IP3R2-mediated Ca2+ oscillation in CSCs might afford a novel, physiologically inspired anti-tumor strategy for liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiwei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Bo Shui
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Wenwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jane C Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Robert Doran
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Frank K Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Tao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Qing Sunny Shen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xianhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shaun Reining
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Michael I Kotlikoff
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Zhiqian Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, 100142, China.
| | - Heping Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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9
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Marziano C, Hong K, Cope EL, Kotlikoff MI, Isakson BE, Sonkusare SK. Nitric Oxide-Dependent Feedback Loop Regulates Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) Channel Cooperativity and Endothelial Function in Small Pulmonary Arteries. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.117.007157. [PMID: 29275372 PMCID: PMC5779028 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.007157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies demonstrate that spatially restricted, local Ca2+ signals are key regulators of endothelium-dependent vasodilation in systemic circulation. There are drastic functional differences between pulmonary arteries (PAs) and systemic arteries, but the local Ca2+ signals that control endothelium-dependent vasodilation of PAs are not known. Localized, unitary Ca2+ influx events through transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channels, termed TRPV4 sparklets, regulate endothelium-dependent vasodilation in resistance-sized mesenteric arteries via activation of Ca2+-dependent K+ channels. The objective of this study was to determine the unique functional roles, signaling targets, and endogenous regulators of TRPV4 sparklets in resistance-sized PAs. METHODS AND RESULTS Using confocal imaging, custom image analysis, and pressure myography in fourth-order PAs in conjunction with knockout mouse models, we report a novel Ca2+ signaling mechanism that regulates endothelium-dependent vasodilation in resistance-sized PAs. TRPV4 sparklets exhibit distinct spatial localization in PAs when compared with mesenteric arteries, and preferentially activate endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Nitric oxide released by TRPV4-endothelial nitric oxide synthase signaling not only promotes vasodilation, but also initiates a guanylyl cyclase-protein kinase G-dependent negative feedback loop that inhibits cooperative openings of TRPV4 channels, thus limiting sparklet activity. Moreover, we discovered that adenosine triphosphate dilates PAs through a P2 purinergic receptor-dependent activation of TRPV4 sparklets. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal a spatially distinct TRPV4-endothelial nitric oxide synthase signaling mechanism and its novel endogenous regulators in resistance-sized PAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Marziano
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA.,Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Kwangseok Hong
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Eric L Cope
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Michael I Kotlikoff
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Brant E Isakson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA.,Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Swapnil K Sonkusare
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA .,Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
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10
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Chen L, Song H, Wang Y, Lee JC, Kotlikoff MI, Pritchard TJ, Paul RJ, Zhang J, Blaustein MP. Arterial α2-Na+ pump expression influences blood pressure: lessons from novel, genetically engineered smooth muscle-specific α2 mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015. [PMID: 26209057 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00430.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Arterial myocytes express α1-catalytic subunit isoform Na(+) pumps (75-80% of total), which are ouabain resistant in rodents, and high ouabain affinity α2-Na(+) pumps. Mice with globally reduced α2-pumps (but not α1-pumps), mice with mutant ouabain-resistant α2-pumps, and mice with a smooth muscle (SM)-specific α2-transgene (α2 (SM-Tg)) that induces overexpression all have altered blood pressure (BP) phenotypes. We generated α2 (SM-DN) mice with SM-specific α2 (not α1) reduction (>50%) using nonfunctional dominant negative (DN) α2. We compared α2 (SM-DN) and α2 (SM-Tg) mice to controls to determine how arterial SM α2-pumps affect vasoconstriction and BP. α2 (SM-DN) mice had elevated basal mean BP (mean BP by telemetry: 117 ± 4 vs. 106 ± 1 mmHg, n = 7/7, P < 0.01) and enhanced BP responses to chronic ANG II infusion (240 ng·kg(-1)·min(-1)) and high (6%) NaCl. Several arterial Ca(2+) transporters, including Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger 1 (NCX1) and sarcoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane Ca(2+) pumps [sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase 2 (SERCA2) and plasma membrane Ca(2+)-ATPase 1 (PMCA1)], were also reduced (>50%). α2 (SM-DN) mouse isolated small arteries had reduced myogenic reactivity, perhaps because of reduced Ca(2+) transporter expression. In contrast, α2 (SM-Tg) mouse aortas overexpressed α2 (>2-fold), NCX1, SERCA2, and PMCA1 (43). α2 (SM-Tg) mice had reduced basal mean BP (104 ± 1 vs. 109 ± 2 mmHg, n = 15/9, P < 0.02) and attenuated BP responses to chronic ANG II (300-400 ng·kg(-1)·min(-1)) with or without 2% NaCl but normal myogenic reactivity. NCX1 expression was inversely related to basal BP in SM-α2 engineered mice but was directly related in SM-NCX1 engineered mice. NCX1, which usually mediates arterial Ca(2+) entry, and α2-Na(+) pumps colocalize at plasma membrane-sarcoplasmic reticulum junctions and functionally couple via the local Na(+) gradient to help regulate cell Ca(2+). Altered Ca(2+) transporter expression in SM-α2 engineered mice apparently compensates to minimize Ca(2+) overload (α2 (SM-DN)) or depletion (α2 (SM-Tg)) and attenuate BP changes. In contrast, Ca(2+) transporter upregulation, observed in many rodent hypertension models, should enhance Ca(2+) entry and signaling and contribute significantly to BP elevation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hong Song
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Youhua Wang
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jane C Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Michael I Kotlikoff
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Tracy J Pritchard
- College of Nursing, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; and
| | - Richard J Paul
- Department of Molecular and Cell Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mordecai P Blaustein
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland;
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11
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Kotlikoff MI. Public trust in the accreditation process. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2015; 246:835-836. [PMID: 26011950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael I Kotlikoff
- Austin O. Hooey Dean, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
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13
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Shui B, Lee JC, Reining S, Lee FK, Kotlikoff MI. Optogenetic sensors and effectors: CHROMus-the Cornell Heart Lung Blood Institute Resource for Optogenetic Mouse Signaling. Front Physiol 2014; 5:428. [PMID: 25414670 PMCID: PMC4222331 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant progress has been made in the last decade in the development of optogenetic effectors and sensors that can be deployed to understand complex biological signaling in mammals at a molecular level, without disrupting the distributed, lineage specific signaling circuits that comprise nuanced physiological responses. A major barrier to the widespread exploitation of these imaging tools, however, is the lack of readily available genetic reagents that can be easily combined to probe complex biological processes. Ideally, one could envision purpose–produced mouse lines expressing optically compatible sensors and effectors, sensor pairs in distinct lineages, or sensor pairs in discrete subcellular compartments, such that they could be crossed to enable in vivo imaging studies of unprecedented scientific power. Such lines could also be combined with mice to determine the alteration in signaling accompanying targeted gene deletion or addition. In order to address this lack, the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute has recently funded an optogenetic resource designed to create optically compatible, combinatorial mouse lines that will advance NHLBI research. Here we review recent advances in optogenetic sensor and effectors and describe the rationale and goals for the establishment of the Cornell/National Heart Lung Blood Resource for Optogenetic Mouse Signaling (CHROMus).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Shui
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veteirnary Medicine, Cornell University Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jane C Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veteirnary Medicine, Cornell University Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Shaun Reining
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veteirnary Medicine, Cornell University Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Frank K Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veteirnary Medicine, Cornell University Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Michael I Kotlikoff
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veteirnary Medicine, Cornell University Ithaca, NY, USA
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14
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Tallini YN, Greene KS, Shui B, Russell CW, Lee JC, Doran RM, Nakai J, Kotlikoff MI. Genetically encoded probes provide a window on embryonic arrhythmia. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1092:195-219. [PMID: 24318822 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60327-292-6_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Supraventricular tachycardias are the most prevalent group of arrhythmias observed in the fetus and infant and their incidence increases through early childhood. The molecular pathogenesis of embryonic cardiac dysfunction is poorly understood, due in part to the absence of imaging techniques that provide functional information at the cellular and molecular levels in the developing mammalian heart, particularly during early heart formation. The combination of protein engineering, genetic specification, and high-resolution optical imaging enables new insights into cardiac function and dysfunction during cardiac development. Here we describe the use of GCaMP2, a genetically encoded Ca(2+) indicator (GECI), to determine the processes of cardiac electrical activation during cardiac organogenesis. Transgenic specification of GCaMP2 in mice allows sufficient expression for Ca(2+) imaging as early as embryonic day (e.d.) 9.5, just after the heart begins to function at e.d. 8.5. Crosses with knockout lines in which lethality occurs due to cardiac dysfunction will enable precise determination of the conduction or excitation-contraction coupling phenotypes and thereby improve the understanding of the genetic basis of heart development and the consequence of gene mutations. Moreover, lineage-specific targeting of these sensors of cell signaling provides a new window on the molecular specification of the heart conduction system. We describe mouse lines and imaging methods used to examine conduction in the pre-septated heart (e.d. 10.5), which occurs through dramatically slowed atrioventricular (AV) canal conduction, producing a delay between atrial and ventricular activation prior to the development of the AV node. Genetic constructs including single and bi-allelic minimal promoter systems, and single allele BAC transgenes, enable general or lineage-specific targeting of GCaMP2. High-resolution imaging of embryonic heart conduction provides a new window on one of the most complex events in the mammalian body plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Norine Tallini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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15
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Sonkusare SK, Dalsgaard T, Bonev AD, Hill-Eubanks DC, Kotlikoff MI, Scott JD, Santana LF, Nelson MT. AKAP150-dependent cooperative TRPV4 channel gating is central to endothelium-dependent vasodilation and is disrupted in hypertension. Sci Signal 2014; 7:ra66. [PMID: 25005230 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2005052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cell dysfunction, characterized by a diminished response to endothelial cell-dependent vasodilators, is a hallmark of hypertension. TRPV4 channels play a major role in endothelial-dependent vasodilation, a function mediated by local Ca(2+) influx through clusters of functionally coupled TRPV4 channels rather than by a global increase in endothelial cell Ca(2+). We showed that stimulation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors on endothelial cells of mouse arteries exclusively activated TRPV4 channels that were localized at myoendothelial projections (MEPs), specialized regions of endothelial cells that contact smooth muscle cells. Muscarinic receptor-mediated activation of TRPV4 depended on protein kinase C (PKC) and the PKC-anchoring protein AKAP150, which was concentrated at MEPs. Cooperative opening of clustered TRPV4 channels specifically amplified Ca(2+) influx at MEPs. Cooperativity of TRPV4 channels at non-MEP sites was much lower, and cooperativity at MEPs was greatly reduced by chelation of intracellular Ca(2+) or AKAP150 knockout, suggesting that Ca(2+) entering through adjacent channels underlies the AKAP150-dependent potentiation of TRPV4 activity. In a mouse model of angiotensin II-induced hypertension, MEP localization of AKAP150 was disrupted, muscarinic receptor stimulation did not activate TRPV4 channels, cooperativity among TRPV4 channels at MEPs was weaker, and vasodilation in response to muscarinic receptor stimulation was reduced. Thus, endothelial-dependent dilation of resistance arteries is enabled by MEP-localized AKAP150, which ensures the proximity of PKC to TRPV4 channels and the coupled channel gating necessary for efficient communication from endothelial to smooth muscle cells in arteries. Disruption of this molecular assembly may contribute to altered blood flow in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil K Sonkusare
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05403, USA
| | - Thomas Dalsgaard
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05403, USA
| | - Adrian D Bonev
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05403, USA
| | - David C Hill-Eubanks
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05403, USA
| | - Michael I Kotlikoff
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - John D Scott
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Luis F Santana
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Mark T Nelson
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05403, USA. Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK.
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16
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Kaestner L, Scholz A, Tian Q, Ruppenthal S, Tabellion W, Wiesen K, Katus HA, Müller OJ, Kotlikoff MI, Lipp P. Genetically encoded Ca2+ indicators in cardiac myocytes. Circ Res 2014; 114:1623-39. [PMID: 24812351 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.114.303475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Genetically encoded Ca(2+) indicators constitute a powerful set of tools to investigate functional aspects of Ca(2+) signaling in isolated cardiomyocytes, cardiac tissue, and whole hearts. Here, we provide an overview of the concepts, experiences, state of the art, and ongoing developments in the use of genetically encoded Ca(2+) indicators for cardiac cells and heart tissue. This review is supplemented with in vivo viral gene transfer experiments and comparisons of available genetically encoded Ca(2+) indicators with each other and with the small molecule dye Fura-2. In the context of cardiac myocytes, we provide guidelines for selecting a genetically encoded Ca(2+) indicator. For future developments, we discuss improvements of a broad range of properties, including photophysical properties such as spectral spread and biocompatibility, as well as cellular and in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Kaestner
- From the Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Research Center for Molecular Imaging and Screening, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg-Saar, Germany (L.K., A.S., Q.T., S.R., W.T., K.W., P.L.); Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (H.A.K., O.J.M.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany (H.A.K., O.J.M.); and Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (M.I.K.)
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17
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Hesse M, Fleischmann BK, Kotlikoff MI. Concise Review: The Role of C-kit Expressing Cells in Heart Repair at the Neonatal and Adult Stage. Stem Cells 2014; 32:1701-12. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.1696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hesse
- Institute of Physiology 1, Life and Brain Center; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - Bernd K. Fleischmann
- Institute of Physiology 1, Life and Brain Center; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - Michael I. Kotlikoff
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
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18
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Abstract
RATIONALE Intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]i) is regulated and signals differently in various subcellular microdomains, which greatly enhances its second messenger versatility. In the heart, sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) release and signaling are controlled by local [Ca(2+)]i in the junctional cleft ([Ca(2+)]Cleft), the small space between sarcolemma and junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum. However, methods to measure [Ca(2+)]Cleft directly are needed. OBJECTIVE To construct novel sensors that allow direct measurement of [Ca(2+)]Cleft. METHODS AND RESULTS We constructed cleft-targeted [Ca(2+)] sensors by fusing Ca(2+)-sensor GCaMP2.2 and a new lower Ca(2+)-affinity variant GCaMP2.2Low to FKBP12.6, which binds with high affinity and selectivity to ryanodine receptors. The fluorescence pattern, affinity for ryanodine receptors, and competition by untagged FKBP12.6 demonstrated that FKBP12.6-tagged sensors are positioned to measure local [Ca(2+)]Cleft in adult rat myocytes. Using GCaMP2.2Low-FKBP12.6, we showed that [Ca(2+)]Cleft reaches higher levels with faster kinetics than global [Ca(2+)]i during excitation-contraction coupling. Diastolic sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) leak or sarcolemmal Ca(2+) entry may raise local [Ca(2+)]Cleft above bulk cytosolic [Ca(2+)]i ([Ca(2+)]Bulk), an effect that may contribute to triggered arrhythmias and even transcriptional regulation. We measured this diastolic standing [Ca(2+)]Cleft-[Ca(2+)]Bulk gradient with GCaMP2.2-FKBP12.6 versus GCaMP2.2, using [Ca(2+)] measured without gradients as a reference point. This diastolic difference ([Ca(2+)]Cleft=194 nmol/L versus [Ca(2+)]Bulk=100 nmol/L) is dictated mainly by the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) leak rather than sarcolemmal Ca(2+) flux. CONCLUSIONS We have developed junctional cleft-targeted sensors to measure [Ca(2+)]Cleft versus [Ca(2+)]Bulk and demonstrated dynamic differences during electric excitation and a standing diastolic [Ca(2+)]i gradient, which could influence local Ca(2+)-dependent signaling within the junctional cleft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanda Despa
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis (S.D., J.B., D.L., D.M.B.); Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington (S.D.); and Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (B.S., M.I.K.).
| | - Bo Shui
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis (S.D., J.B., D.L., D.M.B.); Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington (S.D.); and Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (B.S., M.I.K.)
| | - Julie Bossuyt
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis (S.D., J.B., D.L., D.M.B.); Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington (S.D.); and Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (B.S., M.I.K.)
| | - Di Lang
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis (S.D., J.B., D.L., D.M.B.); Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington (S.D.); and Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (B.S., M.I.K.)
| | - Michael I Kotlikoff
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis (S.D., J.B., D.L., D.M.B.); Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington (S.D.); and Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (B.S., M.I.K.)
| | - Donald M Bers
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis (S.D., J.B., D.L., D.M.B.); Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington (S.D.); and Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (B.S., M.I.K.).
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael I Kotlikoff
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, S2-005 Schurman Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401, USA
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20
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Chen L, Song H, Kotlikoff MI, Lee J, Pritchard TJ, Paul RJ, Li M, Blaustein MP. Abstract 19: Blood Pressure Correlates Directly with the Expression Level of High Ouabain Affinity a2 Na+ Pumps in Arterial Smooth Muscle. Hypertension 2013. [DOI: 10.1161/hyp.62.suppl_1.a19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
High ouabain affinity α2 Na
+
pumps are expressed in arterial smooth muscle (ASM). They help regulate blood pressure (BP) in several forms of hypertension, but their influence on basal BP is controversial. We determined basal BP (telemetry), and the effects of subcutaneous (sc) angiotensin II (Ang II) and dietary salt on BP in: 1) α2
SM/Tg
mice, which express an α2 transgene controlled by an α-actin smooth muscle (SM) promoter; 2) α2
SM/DN
mice, which express a truncated α2 gene, dominant negative for native α2 Na
+
pumps, controlled by the SM myosin heavy chain promoter. Expression (immunoblots) of α2 was significantly up- and down-regulated in SM from α2
SM/Tg
and α2
SM/DN
mice, respectively.
Basal 24 hr mean BP (MBP) was reduced in α2
SM/Tg
mice: 103±1 (
n
=15) vs 110±2 mm Hg (
n
=9) in WT controls;
P
<0.01. Ang II, 400 ng/kg/min sc x 2 wks, increased MBP in both WT and transgenic mice (
n
=5 each;
P
<0.01), but the increase (Δ) was smaller in α2
SM/Tg
, Δ=20.3±3.3, than in WT mice, Δ=30.9±6.4 mm Hg . Also, a high (2% x 2 wks) NaCl diet, along with a sc 300 ng/kg/min (low dose) Ang II infusion, elevated systolic BP (SBP) in the WT mice (Δ=12.6±1.8 mm Hg;
n
=4;
P
<0.05), but not in the α2
SM/Tg
mice (Δ=7.2±2.0 mm Hg;
n
=9; NS=not significant).
In contrast, in α2
SM/DN
mice, basal SBP was elevated: 128±4 mm Hg (
n
=11) vs 109±4 mm Hg (
n
=10) in WT;
P
<0.01. Furthermore, both high NaCl (HS, 6% x 10 days), and low dose sc Ang II infusion (240 ng/kg/min x 8 days), individually induced significantly greater increases in MBP in α2
SM/DN
than in WT mice. In α2
SM/DN
mice, the HS diet raised MBP by Δ=6.8±0.7 mm Hg (
n
=5;
P
<0.01); Ang II elevated MBP by Δ=17.1±3.7 mm Hg (
n
=5;
P
<0.05). In WT mice, however, HS did not elevate MBP (Δ=2.6±1.4;
n
=5; NS), and Ang II elevated MBP by only Δ=6.9±4.0 mm Hg;
n
=5;
P
<0.05).
Conclusion:
ASM α2 Na
+
pumps help regulate basal BP and vascular reactivity. Reduced α2 expression raises basal BP and augments arterial responses to salt and Ang II; increased ASM α2 expression has the opposite effects. The α2 Na
+
pumps co-localize with Na/Ca exchangers in plasma membrane (PM) microdomains at MP-sarcoplasmic reticulum junctions; they are a crucial link between circulating endogenous ouabain and the control of ASM Ca
2+
homeostasis, arterial contraction and tone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- Univ of Maryland Sch of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Hong Song
- Univ of Maryland Sch of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Jane Lee
- Cornell Veterinary College, Ithaca, NY
| | | | | | - Meng Li
- Univ of Maryland Sch of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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21
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Nelson MT, Bonev AD, Dalsgaard T, Santana LF, Scott J, Kotlikoff MI, Sonkusare SK. Elementary Ca2+signals through endothelial TRPV4 channels regulate vascular function. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2013. [PMCID: PMC3765507 DOI: 10.1186/2050-6511-14-s1-o23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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22
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Nadworny AS, Guruju MR, Poor D, Doran RM, Sharma RV, Kotlikoff MI, Davisson RL. Nox2 and Nox4 influence neonatal c-kit(+) cardiac precursor cell status and differentiation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 305:H829-42. [PMID: 23832701 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00761.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Redox status has emerged as critical in modulating stemness and lineage commitment in several precursor cell types. However, a role for redox genes, specifically NADPH oxidases (Nox), in cardiac precursor cells (CPCs) has not been established. We tested whether CPCs marked by type III receptor tyrosine kinase c-kit (c-kit(+)) exhibit a unique NADPH oxidase signature that confers precursor status and whether alterations in this profile are functionally linked to changes in lineage specification. Dihydroethidium (DHE) microfluorography indicated reduced basal reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation within early postnatal c-kit(+) CPCs. Real-time quantitative PCR revealed downregulation of ROS generator Nox2 and its subunit p67(phox) in c-kit(+) CPCs under basal conditions but upregulation of Nox2 and Nox4 over the course of differentiation. Adenoviral silencing of Nox2 and Nox4 increased expression of CPC markers c-kit and Flk-1 and blunted smooth and cardiac muscle differentiation, respectively, while overexpression of Nox2 and Nox4 significantly reduced c-kit expression. These changes were accompanied by altered expression of transcription factors regulating cardiac lineage commitment, Gata6 and Gata4, and cytokine transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. Similar to other precursor cell types, RT(2)Profiler PCR Arrays revealed that c-kit(+) CPCs also exhibit enhanced antioxidant capacity at the mRNA level. In conclusion, we report that c-kit(+) CPCs demonstrate reduced Nox2 expression and ROS levels and that increases in Nox2 and Nox4 influence their differentiation into mature cells. We speculate that ROS generators Nox2 and Nox4, along with the antioxidant genes identified by PCR Arrays, may be novel targets in CPCs that could prove useful in cell-based therapy of the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyson S Nadworny
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York; and
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23
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Sonkusare SK, Bonev AD, Dalsgaard T, Santana LF, Kotlikoff MI, Nelson MT. TRPV4 Ca
2+
sparklets in myoendothelial projections (MEPs) regulate vascular function. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.916.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Luis F Santana
- Physiology & BiophysicsUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA
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24
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Sonkusare SK, Bonev AD, Dalsgaard T, Santana LF, Kotlikoff MI, Nelson MT. Disruption of TRPV4 Ca
2+
signaling at myoendothelial projections (MEPs) contributes to endothelial dysfunction in Ang II hypertension. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.876.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Luis F Santana
- Physiology & BiophysicsUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA
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25
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Krasteva G, Hartmann P, Wessels L, Canning BJ, Papadakis T, Kotlikoff MI, Weihe E, Schütz B, Ibanez-Tallon I, Kummer W. Cholinergic chemosensory cells in the respiratory epithelium sense the luminal microenvironment. Pneumologie 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1315552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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26
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Risebro CA, Petchey LK, Smart N, Gomes J, Clark J, Vieira JM, Yanni J, Dobrzynski H, Davidson S, Zuberi Z, Tinker A, Shui B, Tallini YI, Kotlikoff MI, Miquerol L, Schwartz RJ, Riley PR. Epistatic rescue of Nkx2.5 adult cardiac conduction disease phenotypes by prospero-related homeobox protein 1 and HDAC3. Circ Res 2012; 111:e19-31. [PMID: 22647876 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.111.260695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Nkx2.5 is one of the most widely studied cardiac-specific transcription factors, conserved from flies to man, with multiple essential roles in both the developing and adult heart. Specific dominant mutations in NKX2.5 have been identified in adult congenital heart disease patients presenting with conduction system anomalies and recent genome-wide association studies implicate the NKX2.5 locus, as causative for lethal arrhythmias ("sudden cardiac death") that occur at a frequency in the population of 1 in 1000 per annum worldwide. Haploinsufficiency for Nkx2.5 in the mouse phenocopies human conduction disease pathology yet the phenotypes, described in both mouse and man, are highly pleiotropic, implicit of unknown modifiers and/or factors acting in epistasis with Nkx2.5/NKX2.5. OBJECTIVE To identify bone fide upstream genetic modifier(s) of Nkx2.5/NKX2.5 function and to determine epistatic effects relevant to the manifestation of NKX2.5-dependent adult congenital heart disease. METHODS AND RESULTS A study of cardiac function in prospero-related homeobox protein 1 (Prox1) heterozygous mice, using pressure-volume loop and micromannometry, revealed rescue of hemodynamic parameters in Nkx2.5(Cre/+); Prox1(loxP/+) animals versus Nkx2.5(Cre/+) controls. Anatomic studies, on a Cx40(EGFP) background, revealed Cre-mediated knock-down of Prox1 restored the anatomy of the atrioventricular node and His-Purkinje network both of which were severely hypoplastic in Nkx2.5(Cre/+) littermates. Steady state surface electrocardiography recordings and high-speed multiphoton imaging, to assess Ca(2+) handling, revealed atrioventricular conduction and excitation-contraction were also normalized by Prox1 haploinsufficiency, as was expression of conduction genes thought to act downstream of Nkx2.5. Chromatin immunoprecipitation on adult hearts, in combination with both gain and loss-of-function reporter assays in vitro, revealed that Prox1 recruits the corepressor HDAC3 to directly repress Nkx2.5 via a proximal upstream enhancer as a mechanism for regulating Nkx2.5 function in adult cardiac conduction. CONCLUSIONS Here we identify Prox1 as a direct upstream modifier of Nkx2.5 in the maintenance of the adult conduction system and rescue of Nkx2.5 conduction disease phenotypes. This study is the first example of rescue of Nkx2.5 function and establishes a model for ensuring electrophysiological function within the adult heart alongside insight into a novel Prox1-HDAC3-Nkx2.5 signaling pathway for therapeutic targeting in conduction disease.
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27
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Sonkusare SK, Bonev AD, Ledoux J, Liedtke W, Kotlikoff MI, Heppner TJ, Hill-Eubanks DC, Nelson MT. Elementary Ca2+ signals through endothelial TRPV4 channels regulate vascular function. Science 2012; 336:597-601. [PMID: 22556255 DOI: 10.1126/science.1216283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 417] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Major features of the transcellular signaling mechanism responsible for endothelium-dependent regulation of vascular smooth muscle tone are unresolved. We identified local calcium (Ca(2+)) signals ("sparklets") in the vascular endothelium of resistance arteries that represent Ca(2+) influx through single TRPV4 cation channels. Gating of individual TRPV4 channels within a four-channel cluster was cooperative, with activation of as few as three channels per cell causing maximal dilation through activation of endothelial cell intermediate (IK)- and small (SK)-conductance, Ca(2+)-sensitive potassium (K(+)) channels. Endothelial-dependent muscarinic receptor signaling also acted largely through TRPV4 sparklet-mediated stimulation of IK and SK channels to promote vasodilation. These results support the concept that Ca(2+) influx through single TRPV4 channels is leveraged by the amplifier effect of cooperative channel gating and the high Ca(2+) sensitivity of IK and SK channels to cause vasodilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil K Sonkusare
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
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28
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Abstract
Through directed differentiation of embryonic stem cells, it has been demonstrated that mesodermal lineages in the mammalian heart (smooth muscle, endothelial, and cardiac) develop from a common, multipotent cardiovascular precursor (Dev Biol 265:262-275, 2004; Cell 127:1137-1150, 2006; Dev Cell 11:723-732, 2006). Identification of cardiovascular precursor cells at various stages of lineage commitment has been determined by expression of multiple markers, including the stem cell factor receptor c-kit. Utilizing a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) transgenic mouse model in which EGFP expression is placed under control of the c-kit promoter (c-kit(BAC)-EGFP), work from our laboratory indicates that c-kit expression identifies a multipotent cardiovascular precursor cell population within the early postnatal heart that can be isolated, expanded, and differentiated in vitro into all three cell lineages that specify the heart (Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106:1808-1813, 2009).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Craven
- Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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29
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Chen L, Song H, Kotlikoff MI, Lee JC, Li M, Blaustein MP. Reduced α2 Na
+
pump expression in arterial smooth muscle elevates blood pressure: lessons from smooth muscle‐specific α2‐dominant negative (α2
smDN
) mice. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.lb613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- MedicineU. Maryland Med. Sch.BaltimoreMD
- PhysiologyU. Maryland Med. Sch.BaltimoreMD
| | - Hong Song
- PhysiologyU. Maryland Med. Sch.BaltimoreMD
| | | | | | - Meng Li
- PhysiologyU. Maryland Med. Sch.BaltimoreMD
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30
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Sonkusare S, Bonev AD, Kotlikoff MI, Nelson MT. TRPV4 sparklets‐Elementary Ca
2+
signals underlying endothelial‐dependent vascular function. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.670.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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31
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Nausch LWM, Bonev AD, Heppner TJ, Tallini Y, Kotlikoff MI, Nelson MT. Sympathetic nerve stimulation induces local endothelial Ca2+ signals to oppose vasoconstriction of mouse mesenteric arteries. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2012; 302:H594-602. [PMID: 22140050 PMCID: PMC3353782 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00773.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
It is generally accepted that the endothelium regulates vascular tone independent of the activity of the sympathetic nervous system. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the activation of sympathetic nerves engages the endothelium to oppose vasoconstriction. Local inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP(3))-mediated Ca(2+) signals ("pulsars") in or near endothelial projections to vascular smooth muscle (VSM) were measured in an en face mouse mesenteric artery preparation. Electrical field stimulation of sympathetic nerves induced an increase in endothelial cell (EC) Ca(2+) pulsars, recruiting new pulsar sites without affecting activity at existing sites. This increase in Ca(2+) pulsars was blocked by bath application of the α-adrenergic receptor antagonist prazosin or by TTX but was unaffected by directly picospritzing the α-adrenergic receptor agonist phenylephrine onto the vascular endothelium, indicating that nerve-derived norepinephrine acted through α-adrenergic receptors on smooth muscle cells. Moreover, EC Ca(2+) signaling was not blocked by inhibitors of purinergic receptors, ryanodine receptors, or voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels, suggesting a role for IP(3), rather than Ca(2+), in VSM-to-endothelium communication. Block of intermediate-conductance Ca(2+)-sensitive K(+) channels, which have been shown to colocalize with IP(3) receptors in endothelial projections to VSM, enhanced nerve-evoked constriction. Collectively, our results support the concept of a transcellular negative feedback module whereby sympathetic nerve stimulation elevates EC Ca(2+) signals to oppose vasoconstriction.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Calcium/metabolism
- Calcium Signaling/physiology
- Connexins/genetics
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Feedback, Physiological/physiology
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors/metabolism
- Intermediate-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels/metabolism
- Mesenteric Arteries/innervation
- Mesenteric Arteries/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha/metabolism
- Sympathetic Nervous System/physiology
- Vasoconstriction/physiology
- Gap Junction alpha-5 Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia W M Nausch
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT05405, USA.
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32
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Shui B, Ozer A, Zipfel W, Sahu N, Singh A, Lis JT, Shi H, Kotlikoff MI. RNA aptamers that functionally interact with green fluorescent protein and its derivatives. Nucleic Acids Res 2011; 40:e39. [PMID: 22189104 PMCID: PMC3300005 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkr1264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) and related fluorescent proteins (FPs) have been widely used to tag proteins, allowing their expression and subcellular localization to be examined in real time in living cells and animals. Similar fluorescent methods are highly desirable to detect and track RNA and other biological molecules in living cells. For this purpose, we have developed a group of RNA aptamers that bind GFP and related proteins, which we term Fluorescent Protein-Binding Aptamers (FPBA). These aptamers bind GFP, YFP and CFP with low nanomolar affinity and binding decreases GFP fluorescence, whereas slightly augmenting YFP and CFP brightness. Aptamer binding results in an increase in the pKa of EGFP, decreasing the 475 nm excited green fluorescence at a given pH. We report the secondary structure of FPBA and the ability to synthesize functional multivalent dendrimers. FPBA expressed in live cells decreased GFP fluorescence in a valency-dependent manner, indicating that the RNA aptamers function within cells. The development of aptamers that bind fluorescent proteins with high affinity and alter their function, markedly expands their use in the study of biological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Shui
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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33
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Krasteva G, Canning B, Hartmann P, Veres T, Papadakis T, Mühlfeld C, Schliecker K, Braun A, Weihe E, Schutz B, Ibanez-Tallon I, Kotlikoff MI, Kummer W. Cholinerge chemosensorische Bürstenzellen sind Wächterzellen der Atemwege. Pneumologie 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1296122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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34
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Wang Q, Byrnes LJ, Shui B, Röhrig UF, Singh A, Chudakov DM, Lukyanov S, Zipfel WR, Kotlikoff MI, Sondermann H. Molecular mechanism of a green-shifted, pH-dependent red fluorescent protein mKate variant. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23513. [PMID: 21887263 PMCID: PMC3161743 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent proteins that can switch between distinct colors have contributed significantly to modern biomedical imaging technologies and molecular cell biology. Here we report the identification and biochemical analysis of a green-shifted red fluorescent protein variant GmKate, produced by the introduction of two mutations into mKate. Although the mutations decrease the overall brightness of the protein, GmKate is subject to pH-dependent, reversible green-to-red color conversion. At physiological pH, GmKate absorbs blue light (445 nm) and emits green fluorescence (525 nm). At pH above 9.0, GmKate absorbs 598 nm light and emits 646 nm, far-red fluorescence, similar to its sequence homolog mNeptune. Based on optical spectra and crystal structures of GmKate in its green and red states, the reversible color transition is attributed to the different protonation states of the cis-chromophore, an interpretation that was confirmed by quantum chemical calculations. Crystal structures reveal potential hydrogen bond networks around the chromophore that may facilitate the protonation switch, and indicate a molecular basis for the unusual bathochromic shift observed at high pH. This study provides mechanistic insights into the color tuning of mKate variants, which may aid the development of green-to-red color-convertible fluorescent sensors, and suggests GmKate as a prototype of genetically encoded pH sensors for biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Laura J. Byrnes
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Bo Shui
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Ute F. Röhrig
- Molecular Modeling Group, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Avtar Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Dmitriy M. Chudakov
- Shemiakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
- Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Sergey Lukyanov
- Shemiakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
- Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Warren R. Zipfel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Michael I. Kotlikoff
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Holger Sondermann
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
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35
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Shui B, Wang Q, Lee F, Byrnes LJ, Chudakov DM, Lukyanov SA, Sondermann H, Kotlikoff MI. Circular permutation of red fluorescent proteins. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20505. [PMID: 21647365 PMCID: PMC3103546 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2010] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular permutation of fluorescent proteins provides a substrate for the design of molecular sensors. Here we describe a systematic exploration of permutation sites for mCherry and mKate using a tandem fusion template approach. Circular permutants retaining more than 60% (mCherry) and 90% (mKate) brightness of the parent molecules are reported, as well as a quantitative evaluation of the fluorescence from neighboring mutations. Truncations of circular permutants indicated essential N- and C-terminal segments and substantial flexibility in the use of these molecules. Structural evaluation of two cp-mKate variants indicated no major conformational changes from the previously reported wild-type structure, and cis conformation of the chromophores. Four cp-mKates were identified with over 80% of native fluorescence, providing important new building blocks for sensor and complementation experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Shui
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Frank Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Laura J. Byrnes
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Dmitry M. Chudakov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey A. Lukyanov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Holger Sondermann
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Michael I. Kotlikoff
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
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36
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Sonkusare SK, Bonev AD, Tallini YN, Kotlikoff MI, Nelson MT. Elementary TRPV4 Ca
2+
events in intact vascular endothelium. FASEB J 2011. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.25.1_supplement.1082.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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37
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Ashrafian H, O'Flaherty L, Adam J, Steeples V, Chung YL, East P, Vanharanta S, Lehtonen H, Nye E, Hatipoglu E, Miranda M, Howarth K, Shukla D, Troy H, Griffiths J, Spencer-Dene B, Yusuf M, Volpi E, Maxwell PH, Stamp G, Poulsom R, Pugh CW, Costa B, Bardella C, Di Renzo MF, Kotlikoff MI, Launonen V, Aaltonen L, El-Bahrawy M, Tomlinson I, Pollard PJ. Expression profiling in progressive stages of fumarate-hydratase deficiency: the contribution of metabolic changes to tumorigenesis. Cancer Res 2010; 70:9153-65. [PMID: 20978192 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-1949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma (HLRCC) is caused by mutations in the Krebs cycle enzyme fumarate hydratase (FH). It has been proposed that "pseudohypoxic" stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor-α (HIF-α) by fumarate accumulation contributes to tumorigenesis in HLRCC. We hypothesized that an additional direct consequence of FH deficiency is the establishment of a biosynthetic milieu. To investigate this hypothesis, we isolated primary mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) lines from Fh1-deficient mice. As predicted, these MEFs upregulated Hif-1α and HIF target genes directly as a result of FH deficiency. In addition, detailed metabolic assessment of these MEFs confirmed their dependence on glycolysis, and an elevated rate of lactate efflux, associated with the upregulation of glycolytic enzymes known to be associated with tumorigenesis. Correspondingly, Fh1-deficient benign murine renal cysts and an advanced human HLRCC-related renal cell carcinoma manifested a prominent and progressive increase in the expression of HIF-α target genes and in genes known to be relevant to tumorigenesis and metastasis. In accord with our hypothesis, in a variety of different FH-deficient tissues, including a novel murine model of Fh1-deficient smooth muscle, we show a striking and progressive upregulation of a tumorigenic metabolic profile, as manifested by increased PKM2 and LDHA protein. Based on the models assessed herein, we infer that that FH deficiency compels cells to adopt an early, reversible, and progressive protumorigenic metabolic milieu that is reminiscent of that driving the Warburg effect. Targets identified in these novel and diverse FH-deficient models represent excellent potential candidates for further mechanistic investigation and therapeutic metabolic manipulation in tumors.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/pathology
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Embryo, Mammalian/cytology
- Female
- Fibroblasts/cytology
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Fumarate Hydratase/deficiency
- Fumarate Hydratase/genetics
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
- Glycolysis
- Humans
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/genetics
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Kidney Neoplasms/genetics
- Kidney Neoplasms/metabolism
- Kidney Neoplasms/pathology
- Leiomyomatosis/genetics
- Leiomyomatosis/metabolism
- Leiomyomatosis/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Smooth/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth/pathology
- Neoplasms/genetics
- Neoplasms/metabolism
- Neoplasms/pathology
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Spectral Karyotyping
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Affiliation(s)
- Houman Ashrafian
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, United Kingdom
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38
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Liu P, Ge Q, Chen B, Salkoff L, Kotlikoff MI, Wang ZW. Genetic dissection of ion currents underlying all-or-none action potentials in C. elegans body-wall muscle cells. J Physiol 2010; 589:101-17. [PMID: 21059759 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2010.200683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the neuromuscular system of C. elegans has been studied intensively, little is known about the properties of muscle action potentials (APs). By combining mutant analyses with in vivo electrophysiological recording techniques and Ca2+ imaging, we have established the fundamental properties and molecular determinants of body-wall muscle APs. We show that, unlike mammalian skeletal muscle APs, C. elegans muscle APs occur in spontaneous trains, do not require the function of postsynaptic receptors, and are all-or-none overshooting events, rather than graded potentials as has been previously reported. Furthermore, we show that muscle APs depend on Ca2+ entry through the L-type Ca2+ channel EGL-19 with a contribution from the T-type Ca2+ channel CCA-1. Both the Shaker K+ channel SHK-1 and the Ca2+/Cl−-gated K+ channel SLO-2 play important roles in controlling the speed of membrane repolarization, the amplitude of afterhyperpolarization (AHP) and the pattern of AP firing; SLO-2 is also important in setting the resting membrane potential. Finally, AP-elicited elevations of [Ca2+]i require both EGL-19 and the ryanodine receptor UNC-68. Thus, like mammalian skeletal muscle, C. elegans body-wall myocytes generate all-or-none APs, which evoke Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), although the specific ion channels used for AP upstroke and repolarization differ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030-3401, USA
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39
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Mulder J, Spence L, Tortoriello G, Dinieri JA, Uhlén M, Shui B, Kotlikoff MI, Yanagawa Y, Aujard F, Hökfelt T, Hurd YL, Harkany T. Secretagogin is a Ca2+-binding protein identifying prospective extended amygdala neurons in the developing mammalian telencephalon. Eur J Neurosci 2010; 31:2166-77. [PMID: 20529129 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.07275.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The Ca(2+)-binding proteins (CBPs) calbindin D28k, calretinin and parvalbumin are phenotypic markers of functionally diverse subclasses of neurons in the adult brain. The developmental dynamics of CBP expression are precisely timed: calbindin and calretinin are present in prospective cortical interneurons from mid-gestation, while parvalbumin only becomes expressed during the early postnatal period in rodents. Secretagogin (scgn) is a CBP cloned from pancreatic beta and neuroendocrine cells. We hypothesized that scgn may be expressed by particular neuronal contingents during prenatal development of the mammalian telencephalon. We find that scgn is expressed in neurons transiting in the subpallial differentiation zone by embryonic day (E)11 in mouse. From E12, scgn(+) cells commute towards the extended amygdala and colonize the bed nucleus of stria terminalis, the interstitial nucleus of the posterior limb of the anterior commissure, the dorsal substantia innominata (SI) and the central and medial amygdaloid nuclei. Scgn(+) neurons can acquire a cholinergic phenotype in the SI or differentiate into GABA cells in the central amygdala. We also uncover phylogenetic differences in scgn expression as this CBP defines not only neurons destined to the extended amygdala but also cholinergic projection cells and cortical pyramidal cells in the fetal nonhuman primate and human brains, respectively. Overall, our findings emphasize the developmentally shared origins of neurons populating the extended amygdala, and suggest that secretagogin can be relevant to the generation of functional modalities in specific neuronal circuitries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Mulder
- European Neuroscience Institute at Aberdeen, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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40
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Nausch LWM, Bonev AD, Tallini Y, Kotlikoff MI, Nelson MT. Nerve‐induced smooth muscle to endothelium signaling in small resistance arteries. FASEB J 2010. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.24.1_supplement.598.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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41
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Sonkusare SK, Heppner TJ, Bonev AD, Hannah RM, Talline Y, Kotlikoff MI, Nelson MT. High intravascular pressure decreases endothelial Ca
2+
pulsars and impairs endothelium‐dependent vasodilation in mouse mesenteric arteries. FASEB J 2010. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.24.1_supplement.956.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yvonne Talline
- Department of Biomedical SciencesCornell UniversityIthacaNY
| | | | - Mark T. Nelson
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVT
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42
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Song H, Chen L, Lee JC, Kotlikoff MI, Lederer WJ, Frederick CA, Karaashima E, Randall WC, Blaustein MP. N‐Terminal α2 Na
+
Pump Constructs are Dominant Negative for Native α2 Na
+
Pumps in Smooth, but not Cardiac Muscles, and Increase Salt Sensitivity. FASEB J 2010. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.24.1_supplement.607.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jane C Lee
- Biomedical SciencesCornell University College of Veterinary MedicineIthacaNY
| | - Michael I Kotlikoff
- Biomedical SciencesCornell University College of Veterinary MedicineIthacaNY
| | - W Jonathan Lederer
- Physiology
- Medical Biotechnology CenterUniversity of Maryland Biotechnology InstituteBaltimoreMD
| | - Cecilia A Frederick
- Medical Biotechnology CenterUniversity of Maryland Biotechnology InstituteBaltimoreMD
| | | | | | - Mordecai P Blaustein
- Physiology
- Medical Biotechnology CenterUniversity of Maryland Biotechnology InstituteBaltimoreMD
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43
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Spealman AK, Guruju M, Poor D, Sharma RV, Kotlikoff MI, Davisson RL. C‐kit+ cardiac precursor cells exhibit a unique oxidant and antioxidant gene expression profile. FASEB J 2010. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.24.1_supplement.175.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alyson Korry Spealman
- Cell and Developmental BiologyWeill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNY
- Biomedical SciencesCornell UniversityIthacaNY
| | - Mallik Guruju
- Cell and Developmental BiologyWeill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNY
| | - Daniel Poor
- Cell and Developmental BiologyWeill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNY
| | - Ram V. Sharma
- Cell and Developmental BiologyWeill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNY
- Biomedical SciencesCornell UniversityIthacaNY
| | | | - Robin L. Davisson
- Cell and Developmental BiologyWeill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNY
- Biomedical SciencesCornell UniversityIthacaNY
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44
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Zhang J, Ren C, Chen L, Navedo MF, Antos LK, Kinsey SP, Iwamoto T, Philipson KD, Kotlikoff MI, Santana LF, Wier WG, Matteson DR, Blaustein MP. Knockout of Na+/Ca2+ exchanger in smooth muscle attenuates vasoconstriction and L-type Ca2+ channel current and lowers blood pressure. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2010; 298:H1472-83. [PMID: 20173044 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00964.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mice with smooth muscle (SM)-specific knockout of Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger type-1 (NCX1(SM-/-)) and the NCX inhibitor, SEA0400, were used to study the physiological role of NCX1 in mouse mesenteric arteries. NCX1 protein expression was greatly reduced in arteries from NCX1(SM-/-) mice generated with Cre recombinase. Mean blood pressure (BP) was 6-10 mmHg lower in NCX1(SM-/-) mice than in wild-type (WT) controls. Vasoconstriction was studied in isolated, pressurized mesenteric small arteries from WT and NCX1(SM-/-) mice and in heterozygotes with a global null mutation (NCX1(Fx/-)). Reduced NCX1 activity was manifested by a marked attenuation of responses to low extracellular Na(+) concentration, nanomolar ouabain, and SEA0400. Myogenic tone (MT, 70 mmHg) was reduced by approximately 15% in NCX1(SM-/-) arteries and, to a similar extent, by SEA0400 in WT arteries. MT was normal in arteries from NCX1(Fx/-) mice, which had normal BP. Vasoconstrictions to phenylephrine and elevated extracellular K(+) concentration were significantly reduced in NCX1(SM-/-) arteries. Because a high extracellular K(+) concentration-induced vasoconstriction involves the activation of L-type voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels (LVGCs), we measured LVGC-mediated currents and Ca(2+) sparklets in isolated mesenteric artery myocytes. Both the currents and the sparklets were significantly reduced in NCX1(SM-/-) (vs. WT or NCX1(Fx/-)) myocytes, but the voltage-dependent inactivation of LVGCs was not augmented. An acute application of SEA0400 in WT myocytes had no effect on LVGC current. The LVGC agonist, Bay K 8644, eliminated the differences in LVGC currents and Ca(2+) sparklets between NCX1(SM-/-) and control myocytes, suggesting that LVGC expression was normal in NCX1(SM-/-) myocytes. Bay K 8644 did not, however, eliminate the difference in myogenic constriction between WT and NCX1(SM-/-) arteries. We conclude that, under physiological conditions, NCX1-mediated Ca(2+) entry contributes significantly to the maintenance of MT. In NCX1(SM-/-) mouse artery myocytes, the reduced Ca(2+) entry via NCX1 may lower cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration and thereby reduce MT and BP. The reduced LVGC activity may be the consequence of a low cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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45
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Ren C, Zhang J, Philipson KD, Kotlikoff MI, Blaustein MP, Matteson DR. Activation of L-type Ca2+ channels by protein kinase C is reduced in smooth muscle-specific Na+/Ca2+ exchanger knockout mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2010; 298:H1484-91. [PMID: 20081108 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00965.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
L-type voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels (LVGCs) are functionally downregulated in arterial smooth muscle (SM) cells (ASMCs) of mice with SM-specific knockout of Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger type-1 (NCX1(SM-/-)) (32). Here, using activators and inhibitors of protein kinase C (PKC), we explore the regulation of these channels by a PKC-dependent mechanism. In both wild-type (WT) and NCX1(SM-/-) myocytes, the PKC activator phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu) increases LVGC conductance, decreases channel closing rate, and shifts the voltage dependence of channel opening to more negative potentials. Three different PKC inhibitors, bisindolylmaleimide, Ro-31-8220, and PKC 19-31, all decrease LVGC currents in WT myocytes and prevent the PDBu-induced increase in LVGC current. Dialysis of WT ASMCs with activated PKC increases LVGC current and decreases channel closing rate. These results demonstrate that PKC activates LVGCs in ASMCs. The phosphatase inhibitor calyculin A increases LVGC conductance by over 50%, indicating that the level of LVGC activation is a balance between phosphatase and PKC activities. PDBu causes a larger increase in LVGC conductance and a larger shift in voltage dependence in NCX1(SM-/-) myocytes than in WT myocytes. The inhibition of PKC with PKC 19-31 decreased LVGC conductance by 65% in WT myocytes but by only 37% in NCX1(SM-/-) myocytes. These results suggest that LVGCs are in a state of low PKC-induced phosphorylation in NCX1(SM-/-) myocytes. We conclude that in NCX1(SM-/-) myocytes, reduced Ca(2+) entry via NCX1 lowers cytosolic [Ca(2+)], thereby reducing PKC activation that lowers LVGC activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongyu Ren
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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46
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Chen Z, Li Z, Wei B, Yin W, Xu T, Kotlikoff MI, Ji G. FKBP12.6-knockout mice display hyperinsulinemia and resistance to high-fat diet-induced hyperglycemia. FASEB J 2009; 24:357-63. [PMID: 19805579 DOI: 10.1096/fj.09-138446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
FK506 binding protein 12.6 kDa (FKBP12.6), a protein that regulates ryanodine Ca(2+) release channels, may act as an important regulator of insulin secretion. In this study, the role of FKBP12.6 in the control of insulin secretion and blood glucose is clarified using FKBP12.6(-/-) mice. FKBP12.6(-/-) mice showed significant fed hyperinsulinemia but exhibited normoglycemia, fasting normoinsulinemia, and normal body weight compared with wild-type (WT) littermate control mice. Deletion of FKBP12.6 resulted in enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) both in vivo and in vitro, a result that is due to enhanced glucose-induced islet Ca(2+) elevation. After a high-fat dietary challenge (HF diet) for 3 mo, FKBP12.6(-/-) mice displayed higher body weight, hyperinsulinemia, and lower fed blood glucose concentrations compared with WT mice. FKBP12.6(-/-) mice displayed hyperinsulinemia, and resistance to HF diet-induced hyperglycemia, suggesting that FKBP12.6 plays an important role in insulin secretion and blood glucose control, and raising the possibility that it may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Chen
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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47
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Zhang X, Tallini YN, Chen Z, Gan L, Wei B, Doran R, Miao L, Xin HB, Kotlikoff MI, Ji G. Dissociation of FKBP12.6 from ryanodine receptor type 2 is regulated by cyclic ADP-ribose but not beta-adrenergic stimulation in mouse cardiomyocytes. Cardiovasc Res 2009; 84:253-62. [PMID: 19578067 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvp212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Beta-adrenergic augmentation of Ca(2+) sparks and cardiac contractility has been functionally linked to phosphorylation-dependent dissociation of FK506 binding protein 12.6 (FKBP12.6) regulatory proteins from ryanodine receptors subtype 2 (RYR2). We used FKBP12.6 null mice to test the extent to which the dissociation of FKBP12.6 affects Ca(2+) sparks and mediates the inotropic action of isoproterenol (ISO), and to investigate the underlying mechanisms of cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) regulation of Ca(2+) sparks. METHODS AND RESULTS Ca(2+) sparks and contractility were measured in cardiomyocytes and papillary muscle segments from FKBP12.6 null mice, and western blot analysis was carried out on sarcoplasmic reticulum microsomes prepared from mouse heart. Exposure to ISO resulted in a three- and two-fold increase in Ca(2+) spark frequency in wild-type (WT) and FKBP12.6 knockout (KO) myocytes, respectively, and Ca(2+) spark kinetics were also significantly altered in both types of cells. The effects of ISO on Ca(2+) spark properties in KO cells were inhibited by pre-treatment with thapsigargin or phospholamban inhibitory antibody, 2D12. Moreover, twitch force magnitude and the rate of force development were not significantly different in papillary muscles from WT and KO mice. Unlike beta-adrenergic stimulation, cADPR stimulation increased Ca(2+) spark frequency (2.8-fold) and altered spark kinetics only in WT but not in KO mice. The effect of cADPR on spark properties was not entirely blocked by pre-treatment with thapsigargin or 2D12. In voltage-clamped cells, cADPR increased the peak Ca(2+) of the spark without altering the decay time. We also noticed that basal Ca(2+) spark properties in KO mice were markedly altered compared with those in WT mice. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that dissociation of FKBP12.6 from the RYR2 complex does not play a significant role in beta-adrenergic-stimulated Ca(2+) release in heart cells, whereas this mechanism does underlie the action of cADPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
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48
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Li Y, Takeshita K, Liu PY, Satoh M, Oyama N, Mukai Y, Chin MT, Krebs L, Kotlikoff MI, Radtke F, Gridley T, Liao JK. Smooth muscle Notch1 mediates neointimal formation after vascular injury. Circulation 2009; 119:2686-92. [PMID: 19433762 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.108.790485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Notch1 regulates binary cell fate determination and is critical for angiogenesis and cardiovascular development. However, the pathophysiological role of Notch1 in the postnatal period is not known. We hypothesize that Notch1 signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) may contribute to neointimal formation after vascular injury. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed carotid artery ligation in wild-type, control (SMC-specific Cre recombinase transgenic [smCre-Tg]), general Notch1 heterozygous deficient (N1+/-), SMC-specific Notch1 heterozygous deficient (smN1+/-), and general Notch3 homozygous deficient (N3-/-) mice. Compared with wild-type or control mice, N1+/- and smN1+/- mice showed a 70% decrease in neointimal formation after carotid artery ligation. However, neointimal formation was similar between wild-type and N3-/- mice. Indeed, SMCs derived from explanted aortas of either N1(+/-)- or smN1+/- mice showed decreased chemotaxis and proliferation and increased apoptosis compared with control or N3-/- mice. This correlated with decreased staining of proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive cells and increased staining of cleaved caspase-3 in the intima of N1(+/-)- or smN1+/- mice. In SMCs derived from CHF1/Hey2-/- mice, activation of Notch signaling did not lead to increased SMC proliferation or migration. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that Notch1, rather than Notch3, mediates SMC proliferation and neointimal formation after vascular injury through CHF1/Hey2 and suggest that therapies that target Notch1/CHF1/Hey2 in SMCs may be beneficial in preventing vascular proliferative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Li
- Vascular Medicine Research, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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49
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Spealman AK, Poor DA, Sharma RV, Kotlikoff MI, Davisson RL. C‐kit cardiac precursor cells exhibit a unique Nox isoform profile which may influence their survival, proliferation, and differentiation in the infarcted heart. FASEB J 2009. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.23.1_supplement.1030.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alyson Korry Spealman
- Biomedical SciencesCornell UniversityIthacaNY
- Cell and Developmental BiologyWeill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNY
| | - Daniel A. Poor
- Cell and Developmental BiologyWeill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNY
| | - Ram V. Sharma
- Biomedical SciencesCornell UniversityIthacaNY
- Cell and Developmental BiologyWeill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNY
| | | | - Robin L. Davisson
- Biomedical SciencesCornell UniversityIthacaNY
- Cell and Developmental BiologyWeill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNY
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50
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Chen Z, Li Z, Peng G, Chen X, Yin W, Kotlikoff MI, Yuan ZQ, Ji G. Extracellular ATP-induced nuclear Ca2+ transient is mediated by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors in mouse pancreatic beta-cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 382:381-4. [PMID: 19285037 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2009] [Accepted: 03/06/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular ATP (eATP) induces an intracellular Ca(2+) transient by activating phospholipase C (PLC)-associated P2X4 purinergic receptors, leading to production of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) and subsequent Ca(2+) release from intracellular stores in mouse pancreatic beta-cells. Using laser scanning confocal microscopy, Ca(2+) indicator fluo-4 AM, and the cell permeable nuclear indicator Hoechst 33342, we examined the properties of eATP-induced Ca(2+) release in pancreatic beta-cell nuclei. eATP induced a higher nuclear Ca(2+) transient in pancreatic beta-cell nuclei than in the cytosol. After pretreatment with thapsigargin (TG), an inhibitor of sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA) pumps, the amplitude of eATP-induced Ca(2+) transients in the nucleus was still much higher than those in the cytosol. This effect of eATP was not altered by inhibition of either the plasma membrane Ca(2+)-ATPase (PMCA) or the plasma membrane Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX) by LaCl(3) or by replacement of Na(+) with N-Methyl-Glucosamine. eATP-induced nuclear Ca(2+) transients were abolished by a cell-permeable IP3R inhibitor, 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB), but were not blocked by the ryanodine receptor (RyR) antagonist ryanodine. Immunofluorescence studies showed that IP3Rs are expressed on the nuclear envelope of pancreatic beta-cells. These results indicate that eATP triggers nuclear Ca(2+) transients by mobilizing a nuclear Ca(2+) store via nuclear IP3Rs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Chen
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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