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Ye X, Li Y, Zheng Q, Liu Y, Yan S, Lian Q, Lin Y, Chen X, Chen L, Liu T. The Effect of Mindfulness on Death Escape Acceptance in Young People: Emotion Regulation as a Mediator. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2024:302228241228730. [PMID: 38243735 DOI: 10.1177/00302228241228730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Few studies have examined young people's attitudes toward death escape acceptance and its relationship to mindfulness. This study addressed this issue and examined the mediating role of emotion regulation. In Study 1, 61 undergraduate students aged 19-22 years participated in a mindfulness intervention program, and the results showed that increasing young people's levels of mindfulness could improve their attitudes toward death escape acceptance. The Study 2, which recruited 440 young people aged 18-26 years to complete a cross-sectional survey, replicated the main effect and showed that young people's difficulty in emotion regulation fully mediated the coping effect of mindfulness. These findings suggest that individuals with high levels of mindfulness may have low levels of difficulty in emotion regulation and in turn promote healthy attitudes toward death escape acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ye
- School of Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yang Li
- Mental Health Education Center, Huizhou Health Sciences Polytechnic, Huizhou, China
- Faculty of Educational Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qiuyue Zheng
- School of Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Psychology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shizhen Yan
- School of Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qiaoping Lian
- Psychological Center, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yicong Lin
- The Third Hospital of Anxi County, Quanzhou, China
| | - Xiayan Chen
- School of Psychological Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangliang Chen
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Fujian Children's Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tao Liu
- School of Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- School of Management, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- School of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Haijen ECHM, Hurks PPM, Kuypers KPC. Trait mindfulness and personality characteristics in a microdosing ADHD sample: a naturalistic prospective survey study. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1233585. [PMID: 37915796 PMCID: PMC10617390 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1233585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Microdosing (MD), repeatedly taking psychedelics in small, non-hallucinogenic amounts, has been practiced by individuals to relieve attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. Generally, adults diagnosed with ADHD have lower levels of mindfulness and differ in personality structure from non-ADHD adults. How MD affects mindfulness and personality in adults with ADHD remains unexplored. Aim This study aimed to investigate the effects of 4 weeks of MD on mindfulness and personality traits in adults diagnosed with ADHD and those experiencing severe ADHD symptoms. It was expected that mindfulness and the personality traits conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and openness would increase and neuroticism would decrease after 4 weeks of MD compared to baseline. It was explored if using conventional ADHD medication alongside MD and/or having comorbidities influenced MD-induced effects. Methods An online prospective naturalistic design was used to measure participants before MD initiation and 2 and 4 weeks later. Validated self-report measures were used assessing mindfulness (15-item Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire) and personality traits (10-item version of the Big Five Inventory) at three time points. Results The sample included n = 233, n = 66, and n = 44 participants at the three time points, respectively. Trait mindfulness, specifically description and non-judging of inner experience, was increased, and neuroticism was decreased after 4 weeks of MD compared to baseline. The remaining personality traits remained unchanged. Using conventional medication and/or having comorbid diagnoses did not change the MD-induced effects on mindfulness and personality traits after 4 weeks. Conclusion MD induced changes in otherwise stable traits. Future placebo-controlled studies are warranted to confirm whether these changes occur in a controlled setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline C. H. M. Haijen
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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Valachová M, Lisá E. Dispositional mindfulness and BIS/BAS up-close: can the self-regulation of people be seen in the eyes? Front Psychol 2023; 14:1217129. [PMID: 37637927 PMCID: PMC10448391 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1217129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pigmentation in animal models is related to behavioral regulation and development, suggesting that both may belong to the same biological system. However, such models are poorly documented in humans. The current study explored personality and group differences in self-regulation among healthy subjects and their specific eye structures (contraction furrows and pigment spots). Three objectives were proposed: to analyze statistical differences in dispositional mindfulness (DM), behavioral inhibition system (BIS), and behavioral approach system (BAS) among subjects with a specific iris type of contraction furrows and pigment spots. Methods The study sample consisted of 194 university students. One month after taking photographs of their eyes, the students completed the online scales of DM, BIS, and BAS. Results DM was negatively related to pigment spots (rs = -0.193; p < 0.01). Cluster analysis of the iris structures converged at a four-cluster solution. The cluster types 2 (absence of pigment spots and contraction furrows extending 8/10 of iris circle or more) and 3 (one or more pigment spots and contraction furrows extending 8/10 of iris circle or more) significantly differed in DM with a small effect size (F = 3.37; p = 0.021; η2 = 0.051). Participants with contraction furrows (8/10 or more circle extent) and without pigment spots had a significantly higher DM than those with pigment spots. No significant differences existed among the iris types in BIS/BAS. Discussion Future research directions are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Lisá
- Institute of Applied Psychology, Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Erguler H, Ferreira N, Adonis M, Koushiou M. Moderating Impact of Dispositional Mindfulness in the Relationship Between Future Expectancies and Psychological Well-Being. Psychol Rep 2023:332941231175614. [PMID: 37202172 DOI: 10.1177/00332941231175614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mindfulness has been studied under cultivated or dispositional divisions where the latter has strong implications for psychological well-being in meditators and non-meditators alike. In addition, future expectations, or prospections, regarding the occurrence of important events in a person's future have recently been hypothesized to be the main cause behind symptoms of major depression. There is, however, a lack of empirical research looking at possible links between dispositional mindfulness, as understood in its facet structure, and future expectations as understood via perceived risk of occurrence and vividness of mental imagery when prompted to imagine a given list of positive and negative prospective event item lists. Therefore, this research aimed at examining how dispositional mindfulness may be related to probabilistic risk assessments of positive and negative future events (Stage I); and how mental imagery vividness may be moderated by mindfulness facets (Stage II). METHODS Both stages included healthy participants and incorporated the PROCESS macro for moderated regression analysis done with the SPSS software. Stage I included 204 voluntary college students, and Stage II was conducted online with a public sample of 110 adults. RESULTS Although no interaction effect was found in Stage I, nonreactivity to inner experience facet of dispositional mindfulness moderated the relationship between negative imagery vividness and psychological distress in Stage II (F(1,103) = 4.00, R2 change=.018, p <.05). CONCLUSIONS This is a novel finding that could inform a future line of research looking into the relationship between prospection and mindfulness, holding a potential for informing research on mindfulness-based interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Erguler
- The Department of Psychology, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, Cyprus (Northern, via Mersin 10 Turkey)
| | - Nuno Ferreira
- The Department of Psychology, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Marios Adonis
- The Department of Psychology, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Maria Koushiou
- The Department of Psychology, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Shareh H, Bakhshandeh Sajjad A, Hamedani A, Rajabi Gol B. Relationship between personality traits and emotional schema with loneliness in Iranian people with gender dysphoria: the mediating role of mindfulness. SEXUAL AND RELATIONSHIP THERAPY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14681994.2022.2139822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Shareh
- Faculty of Letters & Humanities, Department of Educational Science, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - AmirReza Bakhshandeh Sajjad
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - AmirHossein Hamedani
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bahareh Rajabi Gol
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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Hou L, Chang L, Chen L, Fei J, Zhou R. Exploring the Roles of Dispositional Mindfulness and Cognitive Reappraisal in the Relationship Between Neuroticism and Depression Among Postgraduate Students in China. Int J Public Health 2022; 67:1605074. [PMID: 36090823 PMCID: PMC9452625 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1605074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Previous studies revealed a positive association between neuroticism and depression. This study further extended the previous findings by exploring the psychological processes underlying this association among Chinese postgraduates. Guided by theoretical models and empirical research, we proposed a multiple mediation and moderated mediation model to investigate the roles of dispositional mindfulness and cognitive reappraisal in the relationship between neuroticism and depression.Methods: Using the NEO Five-Factor Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale, and Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, 1103 first-year postgraduates at a comprehensive university in China were surveyed. Path analysis was adopted to test the models.Results: The results showed that dispositional mindfulness mediated the association between neuroticism and depression. Further, this mediating effect was moderated by cognitive reappraisal, with this effect being stronger in individuals with low engagement in cognitive reappraisal.Conclusion: The results support interrelations among neuroticism, depression, dispositional mindfulness, and cognitive reappraisal as moderated mediation rather than multiple mediation. The results enhance our understanding of psychological mechanisms between neuroticism and depression and provide suggestions for interventions to prevent or reduce depression in highly neurotic postgraduates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Hou
- Department of Psychology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Chang
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Lirong Chen
- Department of Psychology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Psychology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Junfeng Fei
- Institute of Education, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Renlai Zhou
- Department of Psychology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Media Convergence and Communication, Communication University of China, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Renlai Zhou,
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Beaulieu DA, Proctor CJ, Gaudet DJ, Canales D, Best LA. What is the mindful personality? Implications for physical and psychological health. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2022; 224:103514. [PMID: 35121346 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the paucity of research examining relationships between mindfulness and specific facets of personality, we conducted detailed analyses to explore associations between personality facets, dispositional mindfulness, and health. Overall, 781 participants completed the Five Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), the Big Five Inventory-2 (BFI-2) to measure personality factors and facets, and the RAND 36-Item Health Survey 1.0 (RAND-36). As expected, BFI-2 factors and facets and FFMQ subscales, except Observing, were consistently correlated. Canonical correlations of BFI-2 facets and FFMQ subscales provided two statistically significant functions. Function 1, Self-Regulation, included FFMQ Acting with Awareness, Non-Judging, and Non-Reacting, as well as BFI-2 Negative Emotionality (Anxiety, Depression, Emotional Volatility), Conscientiousness (Productiveness, Responsibility), and Extraversion (Assertiveness, Energy). Function 2, Self-Awareness, comprised of FFMQ Describing and Observing, and all facets of Open-Mindedness. A latent profile analysis produced three latent profiles: Self-Regulation was defined by higher FFMQ subscales as well as higher Extraversion (all facets), Agreeableness (all facets), Conscientiousness (all facets), and lower Negative Emotionality (all facets); Self-Dysregulation was defined by lower scores on most FFMQ subscales, BFI-2 Extraversion facet scores, Agreeableness (Trust), Conscientiousness (Productiveness), and higher Negative Emotionality facets; and, an Average profile included midrange levels of mindfulness and personality facets. Further, there were statistically significant differences in RAND-36 physical and psychological health based on the latent profiles. The novel findings examining the facet-level relationship between personality and mindfulness contribute to prior inconclusive literature. These results presenting a nuanced understanding of the association between dispositional mindfulness and personality provide preliminary information suggesting that self-regulation can affect health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Derek J Gaudet
- Department of Psychology, University of New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Donaldo Canales
- Department of Psychology, University of New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Lisa A Best
- Department of Psychology, University of New Brunswick, Canada.
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Examining the Relationship between Mindfulness, Personality, and National Culture for Construction Safety. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094998. [PMID: 34066891 PMCID: PMC8125938 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The construction industry still leads the world as one of the sectors with the most work-related injuries and worker fatalities. Considering that one of the barriers to improving construction safety is its stressful working environment, which increases risk of inattentiveness among construction workers, safety managers seek practices to measure and enhance worker focus and reduce stress, such as mindfulness. Considering the important role of mindfulness in curbing frequency and severity of incidents, researchers are interested in understanding the relationship between mindfulness and other common, more static human characteristics. As a result, this study examines the relationship between mindfulness and such variables as personality and national culture in the context of construction safety. Collecting data from 155 participants, this study used elastic net regression to examine the influence of independent (i.e., personality and national culture) variables on the dependent (i.e., mindfulness) variable. To validate the results of the regression, 10-fold cross-validation was conducted. The results reveal that certain personality traits (e.g., conscientiousness, neuroticism, and agreeableness) and national cultural dimensions (e.g., uncertainty avoidance, individualism, and collectivism) can be used as predictors of mindfulness for individuals. Since mindfulness has shown to increase safety and work performance, safety managers can utilize these variables to identify at-risk workers so that additional safety training can be provided to enhance work performance and improve safety outcomes. The results of this study will inform future work into translating personal and mindfulness characteristics into factors that predict specific elements of unsafe human behaviors.
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The mediating role of openness to experience and curiosity in the relationship between mindfulness and meaning in life: evidence from four countries. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01430-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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10
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Ding X, Wang X, Yang Z, Tang R, Tang YY. Relationship Between Trait Mindfulness and Sleep Quality in College Students: A Conditional Process Model. Front Psychol 2020; 11:576319. [PMID: 33132983 PMCID: PMC7550415 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.576319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep quality can affect the physical and mental health, as well as the personal development of college students. Mindfulness practices are known to ameliorate sleep disorder and improve sleep quality. Trait mindfulness, an innate capacity often enhanced by mindfulness training, has been shown to relate to better sleep quality and different aspects of psychological well-being. However, how individual difference factors such as trait mindfulness relate to sleep quality remains largely unclear, which limits the optimization and further application of mindfulness-based intervention schemes targeting the improvement of sleep quality. In this study, we aimed to investigate how negative emotions and neuroticism may influence the relationship between trait mindfulness and sleep quality. A conditional process model was built to examine these relationships in 1,423 Chinese young adults. Specifically, the conditional process model was constructed with trait mindfulness as the independent variable, sleep quality as the dependent variable, negative emotions as the mediating variable, and neuroticism as the moderating variable. Our results showed that negative emotions mediated the link between mindfulness and sleep quality and that neuroticism had a moderating effect on the relationship between mindfulness and sleep quality. Together, these findings suggested a potential mechanism of how trait mindfulness influences sleep quality, provided a therapeutic target for which mindfulness-based interventions may act upon to improve sleep quality, and offered a basis for prediction of different intervention effects among individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Ding
- College of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Xinshu Wang
- College of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Zirong Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Rongxiang Tang
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Yi-Yuan Tang
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
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Ortet G, Pinazo D, Walker D, Gallego S, Mezquita L, Ibáñez MI. Personality and nonjudging make you happier: Contribution of the Five-Factor Model, mindfulness facets and a mindfulness intervention to subjective well-being. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228655. [PMID: 32017791 PMCID: PMC6999907 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mindful individuals are able to acknowledge mind wandering and live in the present moment in a nonjudgmental way. Previous studies have found that both mind wandering and mindfulness are associated with subjective well-being. However, the main predictor of happiness is personality; more specifically, happier people are emotionally stable and extraverted. The present study aimed to explore the contribution of the five factors of personality, dispositional mindfulness facets and a mindfulness intervention to happiness. A sample of 372 university students was assessed with the NEO-Five Factor Inventory, and another sample of 217 community adults answered the Big Five Personality Trait Short Questionnaire. Both samples, 589 participants in all, completed the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire and the Subjective Happiness Scale. Furthermore, 55 participants from the general population sample took a 6-week training course in meditation and developing mindfulness. The regression analyses showed that emotional stability and extraversion traits were the strongest predictors of subjective well-being. Nonetheless, the nonjudging facet, which is nonevaluative/acceptance awareness of thoughts and feelings, still remained a significant predictor of happiness when personality was accounted for. Finally, mindfulness training did not increase subjective well-being. Being nonjudgmental of one's inner thoughts, feelings and sensations contributes to happiness even when personality is taken into account. Accordingly, it seems reasonable that mindfulness training that intends to improve subjective well-being should focus on noticing thoughts without judging them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Generós Ortet
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I,Castelló, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail: (MII); (GO)
| | - Daniel Pinazo
- Department of Developmental, Educational and Social Psychology and Methodology, Universitat Jaume I,Castelló, Spain
| | - Diane Walker
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I,Castelló, Spain
| | - Sígrid Gallego
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I,Castelló, Spain
| | - Laura Mezquita
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I,Castelló, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel I. Ibáñez
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I,Castelló, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail: (MII); (GO)
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Van gelderen M, Kibler E, Kautonen T, Munoz P, Wincent J. Mindfulness and Taking Action to Start a New Business. JOURNAL OF SMALL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jsbm.12499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Elliot AJ, Gallegos AM, Moynihan JA, Chapman BP. Associations of mindfulness with depressive symptoms and well-being in older adults: the moderating role of neuroticism. Aging Ment Health 2019; 23:455-460. [PMID: 29338322 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2017.1423027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether observed interactions of mindfulness with the personality trait neuroticism extend to older adults and to aspects of psychological functioning other than depressive symptoms, and whether effects of mindfulness training in this population depend on levels of neuroticism. METHOD We performed a secondary analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) for community-dwelling older adults. We investigated whether neuroticism moderates associations of dispositional mindfulness with various aspects of psychological and physical functioning at baseline, as well as effects of MBSR on these outcomes. RESULTS Significant two-way interactions showed that greater mindfulness was associated with fewer depressive symptoms and less negative affect at baseline in individuals with average or higher levels of neuroticism. In contrast, mindfulness was associated with greater positive affect and vitality and fewer physical symptoms regardless of the level of neuroticism. There were no effects of MBSR on these outcomes at any level of neuroticism. CONCLUSION Mindfulness may be more protective against psychological ill-being in older adults with higher levels of neuroticism, but conducive to positive psychological and physical well-being regardless of this personality trait. The potential moderating role of neuroticism should be further evaluated in studies of mindfulness-based interventions in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari J Elliot
- a Department of Psychiatry , University of Rochester , Rochester , NY , USA
| | - Autumn M Gallegos
- a Department of Psychiatry , University of Rochester , Rochester , NY , USA
| | - Jan A Moynihan
- a Department of Psychiatry , University of Rochester , Rochester , NY , USA
| | - Benjamin P Chapman
- a Department of Psychiatry , University of Rochester , Rochester , NY , USA
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Zhao D, Wang H, Feng X, Lv G, Li P. Relationship between neuroticism and sleep quality among asthma patients: the mediation effect of mindfulness. Sleep Breath 2019; 23:925-931. [PMID: 30810886 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-019-01814-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence of sleep disturbance; to validate the associations between neuroticism, mindfulness, and sleep quality; and to further examine whether mindfulness mediates the relationship between neuroticism and sleep quality among asthma patients. METHODS This study was conducted with 193 asthma patients from outpatient clinics. They completed questionnaires including the neuroticism subscale of the Big Five Inventory (BFI), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS). Structural equation model was used to analyze the relationships among neuroticism, mindfulness, and sleep quality, with mindfulness as a mediator. RESULTS The mean global PSQI score was 7.57 (SD = 3.25), and 69.9% of asthma patients reported poor sleep quality (cutoff score > 5). Structural equation model analysis showed that neuroticism was significantly associated with global PSQI scores (β = 0.198, P = 0.006), and mindfulness (β = - 0.408, P < 0.001), respectively; mindfulness was associated with global PSQI scores (β = - 0.250, P = 0.006). Furthermore, mindfulness mediated the relationship between neuroticism and global PSQI scores, in which the mediation effect was 0.102 (- 0.408 × - 0.250), and the bootstrapped 95% CI did not include zero (0.032, 0.208, P = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS Sleep disturbance is a serious health concern among asthma patients. This study illuminated the latent mediating mechanism of mindfulness on neuroticism and sleep quality, and implied that intervention and prevention programs on mindfulness might be beneficial in improving sleep quality in asthma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhao
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Huijun Wang
- Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiujuan Feng
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Gaorong Lv
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ping Li
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
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Klein RJ, Robinson MD. Neuroticism as mental noise: Evidence from a continuous tracking task. J Pers 2019; 87:1221-1233. [PMID: 30802956 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prominent theories of Neuroticism emphasize its potential link to threat- or punishment-sensitivity processes. Even in the absence of external threats, though, Neuroticism may predispose people to a sort of "mental noise," or cognitive instability, that creates problems for ongoing efforts after control. If this is the case, cognitive views of Neuroticism might be needed to complement the primarily emotion-related views that currently exist. METHOD In a four study program of research (total N = 541), momentary forms of monitoring and control were assessed using variants of a continuous tracking task. RESULTS As hypothesized, the dimension of Neuroticism was consistently linked to performance deficits, regardless of whether aversive sounds were present or not (Studies 1-3), and the relevant deficits also predicted daily levels of negative affect (Study 4). CONCLUSIONS The results support the idea that momentary self-regulation is noisier in the context of higher levels of Neuroticism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Klein
- Department of Psychology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Michael D Robinson
- Department of Psychology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota
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Kaplan DM, Raison CL, Milek A, Tackman AM, Pace TWW, Mehl MR. Dispositional mindfulness in daily life: A naturalistic observation study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206029. [PMID: 30485267 PMCID: PMC6261408 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mindfulness has seen an extraordinary rise as a scientific construct, yet surprisingly little is known about how it manifests behaviorally in daily life. The present study identifies assumptions regarding how mindfulness relates to behavior and contrasts them against actual behavioral manifestations of trait mindfulness in daily life. Study 1 (N = 427) shows that mindfulness is assumed to relate to emotional positivity, quality social interactions, prosocial orientation and attention to sensory perceptions. In Study 2, 185 participants completed a gold-standard, self-reported mindfulness measure (the FFMQ) and underwent naturalistic observation sampling to assess their daily behaviors. Trait mindfulness was robustly related to a heightened perceptual focus in conversations. However, it was not related to behavioral and speech markers of emotional positivity, quality social interactions, or prosocial orientation. These findings suggest that the subjective and self-reported experience of being mindful in daily life is expressed primarily through sharpened perceptual attention, rather than through other behavioral or social differences. This highlights the need for ecological models of how dispositional mindfulness "works" in daily life, and raises questions about the measurement of mindfulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna M. Kaplan
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Charles L. Raison
- School of Human Ecology and School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Anne Milek
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Allison M. Tackman
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Thaddeus W. W. Pace
- College of Nursing, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Matthias R. Mehl
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
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Fang Y, Kang X, Feng X, Zhao D, Song D, Li P. Conditional effects of mindfulness on sleep quality among clinical nurses: the moderating roles of extraversion and neuroticism. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2018; 24:481-492. [DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2018.1492731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yueyan Fang
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofei Kang
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xiujuan Feng
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Di Zhao
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Donghua Song
- Operating Room, Shandong Tumor Hospital and Institute, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Ping Li
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
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Abstract
Dispositional mindfulness (DM), or the tendency to attend to present moment experience, may have important implications for the structure of human personality. However, relationships between DM and the Big Five Model of Personality (BF) have not been definitively established. Therefore, the purpose of this meta-analysis was to extend previous investigations of the relationship between DM and the BF, utilizing a larger sample of studies, attending to relational inconsistencies potentially associated with alternative methods of operationalizing DM, conducting the first meta-analysis of the DM subdomains in relation to the BF, and situating the results in a cybernetic model. Results indicate that neuroticism evidenced the strongest, negative relationship with DM and conscientiousness evidenced the strongest, positive relationship with DM, suggesting the mindful personality may be characterized principally by emotional stability and conscientious self-regulation - potentially reflective of an inclination towards the personality metatrait stability. Measurement differences were also observed, with the mindful personality arrived at through the FFMQ differing to some extent from the mindful personality emerging from the MAAS. Broadly, the mindful personality associated with the FFMQ appears to reflect greater personality complexity, with the FFMQ evidencing associations with all five personality factors while the MAAS appears primarily linked with only three personality factors (Neuroticism, Conscientiousness and Agreeableness). Examination of the relationships between the BF and DM at the facet level also suggest unique patterns of association between the DM facets and each of the personality factors.
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Xiao Q, Yue C, He W, Yu JY. The Mindful Self: A Mindfulness-Enlightened Self-view. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1752. [PMID: 29081754 PMCID: PMC5645519 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper analyzes studies of mindfulness and the self, with the aim of deepening our understanding of the potential benefits of mindfulness and meditation for mental health and well-being. Our review of empirical research reveals that positive changes in attitudes toward the self and others as a result of mindfulness-enabled practices can play an important role in modulating many mental and physical health problems. Accordingly, we introduce a new concept-the "mindful self"-and compare it with related psychological constructs to describe the positive changes in self-attitude associated with mindfulness meditation practices or interventions. The mindful self is conceptualized as a mindfulness-enlightened self-view and attitude developed by internalizing and integrating the essence of Buddhist psychology into one's self-system. We further posit that the mindful self will be an important intermediary between mindfulness intervention and mental health problems, and an important moderator in promoting well-being. More generally, we suggest that the mindful self may also be an applicable concept with which to describe and predict the higher level of self-development of those who grow up in the culture of Buddhism or regularly engage in meditation over a long period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianguo Xiao
- Laboratory of Emotion and Mental Health, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China
- School of Education, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, China
| | - Caizhen Yue
- Laboratory of Emotion and Mental Health, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Weijie He
- Laboratory of Emotion and Mental Health, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Jia-yuan Yu
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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Spinhoven P, Huijbers MJ, Zheng Y, Ormel J, Speckens AE. Mindfulness facets and Big Five personality facets in persons with recurrent depression in remission. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2017.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine potentially moderating effects of personality characteristics regarding changes in anxious and depressed mood associated with Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR), controlling for socio-demographic factors. Meditation-naïve participants from the general population self-presenting with psychological stress complaints (n = 167 participants, 70% women, mean age 45.8 ± 9.3 years) were assessed in a longitudinal investigation of change in mood before and after the intervention and at a 3-month follow-up. Participants initially scoring high on neuroticism showed stronger decreases in both anxious and depressed mood (both p < 0.001). However, when controlled for baseline mood, only the time by neuroticism interaction effect on anxiety remained significant (p = 0.001), reflecting a smaller decrease in anxiety between pre- and post-intervention but a larger decrease in anxiety between post-intervention and follow-up in those with higher baseline neuroticism scores. Most personality factors did not show moderating effects, when controlled for baseline mood. Only neuroticism showed to be associated with delayed benefit. Results are discussed in the context of findings from similar research using more traditional cognitive-behavioral interventions.
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