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Aitken BC, Taylor L. Uses and Grindifications: Examining the Motivators and Antecedents of Grindr Usage Among GBMSM. J Homosex 2024:1-23. [PMID: 38266178 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2023.2297953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Grindr is a popular geospatial networking application (GSNA) among gay, bisexual, and men who have sex with men (GBMSM); it can be used for variety of goals (e.g. finding dates, making friends, or coordinating a hookup) depending on the user's wants. These needs and wants, however, do not arise in a vacuum. Informed by uses and gratification (U&G) theory, this paper examined individual factors such as race, body image and depression as drivers of the motivations behind Grindr usage In an online cross-sectional survey (N = 102), we explored the antecedents of six different motivations (i.e. friendship, sex, entertainment, romantic partnership, social inclusion, and location-based community) for Grindr use among GBMSM. The results revealed that romance and friendship motives increased Grindr usage compared to the other four motivation categories. Across motivation categories, habitual Grindr usage was a significant driver of continued Grindr use. Individual factors such as race, sociosexuality and self-disclosure also influenced users' motivations to use Grindr. Overall, the results point to individual factors eliciting differing motivations for Grindr use, resulting in either outcome-based or passive usage of the application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C Aitken
- Communication, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Laramie Taylor
- Communication, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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2
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Carus L, Mamaqi-Kapllani X. Managing Accident Prevention in Ski Resorts: Participants' Actual Velocities in Slow Zones. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:5302. [PMID: 37047924 PMCID: PMC10094303 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20075302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Velocity is one of the main factors affecting the kinematic of snow sports' accidents and the severity of resulting injuries. The aims of the present study were to measure the actual maximum velocities attained by a sample of snow sports participants in slow zones, to compare them to the recommended velocity limits and to assess whether their velocities were in any way related to their personal characteristics and to environmental conditions. Data were drawn from a sample of 1023 recreational skiers and snowboarders during the 2021-2022 winter season at four ski resorts located in the Spanish Pyrenees. Maximum velocity measurements were taken by the authors with a radar speed gun whose precision had been previously validated. Bivariate analysis tests were used to compare the influence that personal characteristics and environmental conditions had on the participants' maximum velocities. Furthermore, a multivariate analysis was performed. The binary logistic regression was used to distinguish the categories of personal and environmental factors that have the highest probabilities of impact on different segments of velocity. As generally accepted, probability values were two-tailed, and values of 0.05 or less were regarded as statistically significant. Participants' mean measured maximum velocity (±SD) was 51.61 (±16.14) km/h. A vast majority of the participants in this study traveled in slow zones at actual maximum velocities well over the recommended limits. Multivariate analysis showed that modality and both environmental conditions (visibility and snow quality) were highly significant and can be used to explain the chances of an increase in velocity in slow zones. Further research is needed to investigate causal relationships between skiers and snowboarders' accidents, injuries and disrespect for velocity limits.
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3
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Cocca A, Veulliet N, Drenowatz C, Wirnitzer K, Greier K, Ruedl G. Assessment of a Novel Instrument Measuring Perceived Physical Education Teachers' In-Class Skills. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13. [PMID: 36661614 DOI: 10.3390/bs13010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical Education (PE) teachers' professional and personal skills may not only affect the quality of the teaching-learning processes in PE, but also individuals' future active/inactive behaviors. The aim of this study is to examine the structure of a pool of items developed for measuring individuals' perception of such skills in PE teachers. Exploratory Factorial Analysis and a following structural modeling test on data collected from 660 participants suggest a two-factor structural model for the 10 items considered (χ2 = 191.155; df = 34; CFI = 0.953, and SRMR = 0.0529), with good internal consistency for both factors (factor 1: alpha = 0.879; omega = 0.878; factor 2: alpha = 0.850, and omega = 0.858) and the overall instrument (alpha = 0.892; omega = 0.895). The final "Teachers' Personal and Professional Skills Questionnaire" is a valid instrument that may be used alone or in combination with other instruments for the analysis of the quality of teaching-learning processes in PE environments and its impact on individuals' behaviors regarding physical activity in their adult life.
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4
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Shen J, Han S, Zhou Y, Li S, Gan Y, Huang H, Xu Q, Zhang L. The influence of facial attractiveness and personal characteristics on imitation. J Soc Psychol 2023; 163:94-106. [PMID: 35353648 DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2022.2052002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Imitation plays a crucial role in learning and communication, although a little is known whether individuals imitate each other based on particular personality traits. Facial features and personal characteristics are the major components of personal impressions. This study adopted the color paradigm to explore the effect of the two factors on imitation. Experiment 1 examined the effect of facial attractiveness and face gender on imitation. The results showed that woman who appeared attractive drove imitation more than woman who did not. However, men who appeared attractive and unattractive differed insignificantly. Experiment 2 investigated the effect of facial attractiveness and personal characteristics on imitation. The results of Experiment 1 were verified, stating that positive personal characteristics drove imitation more than negative personal characteristics. The study found that facial attractiveness still affected imitation when characteristics information appeared. Regarding negative personal characteristics, individuals who appeared attractive drove imitation more than individuals who did not. The results indicate that imitation is automated, influenced not only by face types but also by personal characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shen
- Department and Institute of Psychology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Shangfeng Han
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department and Institute of Psychology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department and Institute of Psychology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yetong Gan
- School of Humanities and Social Sciencs, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Hua Huang
- Radiology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Department and Institute of Psychology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department and Institute of Psychology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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5
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Dzandu MD, Theophilus I, Issa D. Exploring the relationship between personal and work characteristics of project managers and psychological safety in virtual teams. Procedia Comput Sci 2023; 219:2067-2074. [PMID: 36968673 PMCID: PMC10030189 DOI: 10.1016/j.procs.2023.01.509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
One of the organisational and employees' responses to the COVID-19 pandemic is a shift to virtual working models including the management of projects and project teams in virtual environments. However, little is known about the effect of personal and work characteristics on the psychological safety of project management professionals. This study explores the relationship between the personal and work characteristics of project managers on their psychological safety in virtual teams. Data for the study is collected from 104 project management professionals in the United Kingdom. SPSS is used to analyse and test a series of hypotheses. The study confirmed the significant relationship between the personal and work characteristics of the project managers and their psychological safety. The study provides an overview of the role of diversity, equality and inclusion on psychological safety among project managers; and proposes future research directions to understand and contribute to the psychological wellbeing of project managers working in virtual teams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Dzandu
- School of Applied Management, Westminster Business School, University of Westminster, 35 Marylebone Road, London, NW1 5LS, UK
| | - Ineala Theophilus
- School of Applied Management, Westminster Business School, University of Westminster, 35 Marylebone Road, London, NW1 5LS, UK
| | - Dania Issa
- School of Applied Management, Westminster Business School, University of Westminster, 35 Marylebone Road, London, NW1 5LS, UK
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6
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Hwang EJ. Analysis of Factors Associated with Subjective Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) among Older Adults Resident in the Community. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:10387. [PMID: 36012018 PMCID: PMC9408365 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the associated factors of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in older adults, focusing on personal characteristics and health promotion activities. The research design of this study was a non-experimental, cross-sectional design. This study used secondary data from the 2019 community health survey conducted by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA). In this study, 20,041 older adults with subjective MCI and 52,587 healthy older adults-a total of 72,628 subjects-were analyzed as the final subjects in this study. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, a chi-square test, an independent t-test, and logistic regression. The results indicate that the probability of experiencing subjective MCI significantly decreased with an increase in monthly income (odds ratio (OR) = 1.71, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.19-2.46); increased with an increase in depressive symptoms (odds ratio (OR) = 1.09, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.04-1.15); and decreased with an increase in the quality of life level (OR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.82-0.99). Through the results of this study, several factors related to MCI in older adults were identified. If these related factors are properly managed, the possibility of MCI in older adults may be reduced. Therefore, MCI in older adults should be addressed as a preventable disease rather than a natural aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jeong Hwang
- Department of Nursing, Sehan University, 1113 Samho-eup, Yeongam-gun 58447, Korea
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Zhou D, Li L. Farming experience, personal characteristics, and entrepreneurial decisions of urban residents: Empirical evidence from China. Front Psychol 2022; 13:859936. [PMID: 35967720 PMCID: PMC9372500 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.859936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Entrepreneurship is an important way to provide solutions for social employment problems. Using data from the 2016 China Labor Force Dynamic Survey (CLDS), we explore the influence of farming experience on urban residents' entrepreneurial decisions at the theoretical and empirical levels. A Probit model with instrumental variables method was used to analyze the influence of farming experience on urban residents' entrepreneurial decisions, while a mediating effect model was used to test its channels of action. The results show that: (1) farming experience can contribute to the entrepreneurial decision of urban residents relative to those without experience in farming. To overcome possible endogeneity issues, an Eprobit model based on the estimation of instrumental variables was used for testing. (2) Heterogeneity tests based on age, city type, and physical capital found that this effect was more significant in urban residents with non-capital cities, middle-aged groups, and high-material capital. (3) Farming experience indirectly drives entrepreneurial decisions through the mediating role of promoting positive personality traits, such as "optimism" and "mutual aid consciousness." Therefore, the farming experience has a positive effect on urban residents' entrepreneurial decisions and helps to understand the deeper influence of micro-individual characteristics on entrepreneurial decisions in the urbanization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deshui Zhou
- School of Finance and Public Management, Anhui University of Finance & Economics, Bengbu, China
| | - Lele Li
- School of Labor and Human Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
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8
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Yu CL, Hsieh SI, Lin LH, Chi SF, Huang TH, Yeh SL, Wang C. Factors Associated with Surgical Smoke Self-Protection Behavior of Operating Room Nurses. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10050965. [PMID: 35628101 PMCID: PMC9141096 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10050965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Surgical smoke has been proven to be harmful and carcinogenic to humans as well as increasing the risk of acquiring infectious diseases. The operating room nurses' willingness to use protective equipment against surgical smoke was low. The factors associated with personal protective behavior in the operating room against surgical smoke were sparsely explored. The purpose of this study is to determine factors associated with surgical smoke self-protection behavior of the operating room nurses. This was a descriptive correlational study using a convenience sample from a medical center in northern Taiwan. The self-designed questionnaires included personal characteristics and perceived attributes. The data were analyzed by descriptive and linear regression. Attendance at in-service education with regard to surgical smoke, the attitude to surgical smoke, and surgical smoke self-protection barriers were significant factors found in multivariate linear regression after controlling the covariates. The overall model was significant and accounted for 14.2% of variances. In summary, attending in-service education, attitude and barriers in executing self-protective behaviors were significant factors. It is important to promote operating room nurses' health through providing correct surgical smoke knowledge, self-protection strategies to improve attitudes toward surgical smoke, improving the hospital's environment by adding surgical smoke evacuation equipment, and standardizing the operating procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Lan Yu
- Department of Nursing, Taoyuan Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City 33378, Taiwan; (C.-L.Y.); (L.-H.L.); (S.-F.C.); (S.-L.Y.)
| | - Suh-Ing Hsieh
- Department of Nursing, Taoyuan Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City 33378, Taiwan; (C.-L.Y.); (L.-H.L.); (S.-F.C.); (S.-L.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-2118999 (ext. 3423)
| | - Li-Hung Lin
- Department of Nursing, Taoyuan Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City 33378, Taiwan; (C.-L.Y.); (L.-H.L.); (S.-F.C.); (S.-L.Y.)
| | - Shu-Fen Chi
- Department of Nursing, Taoyuan Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City 33378, Taiwan; (C.-L.Y.); (L.-H.L.); (S.-F.C.); (S.-L.Y.)
| | - Tzu-Hsin Huang
- Taiwan Union of Nurses Association, Taipei City 103, Taiwan;
| | - Shu-Ling Yeh
- Department of Nursing, Taoyuan Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City 33378, Taiwan; (C.-L.Y.); (L.-H.L.); (S.-F.C.); (S.-L.Y.)
| | - Chi Wang
- Department of Nursing, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, School of Nursing, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33305, Taiwan;
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9
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Zarzycki M, Seddon D, Bei E, Morrison V. Why do they care? A qualitative systematic review and meta-synthesis of personal and relational motivations for providing informal care. Health Psychol Rev 2022; 17:344-376. [PMID: 35383541 DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2022.2058581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Informal caregiving is crucial to the sustainability of health and social care systems globally. With ageing populations and a rising prevalence of acute and chronic health conditions, the need for informal care is growing, making it important to understand what motivates individuals to care and to continue caring. This paper reports findings of a systematic review which examined determinants of motivations and willingness to provide informal care. A systematic search was conducted using six electronic databases and a wide range of additional sources. 105 qualitative studies published before August 2019 were included with 103 of them reporting on personal and relational motivations, and the contextual factors underpinning these. Grounded theory-based, thematic synthesis was applied to synthesise the literature. This meta-synthesis reports on findings from across the world spanning three decades, with data from over 2500 caregivers across a range of health conditions. This paper presents the relational, personal and contextual themes. It highlights the significance of reciprocity, affection, family values and caregiving obligations. Personal characteristics, finding meaning, illness perceptions, situational and temporal aspects of caregiving are also identified as important in shaping motivations and willingness to care and to continue caring. Implications for theory, research, policy and practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikołaj Zarzycki
- School of Human & Behavioural Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Diane Seddon
- School of Medical & Health Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Eva Bei
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Val Morrison
- School of Human & Behavioural Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
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10
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Baker OG. Factors Affecting the Level of Perceived Competence in Disaster Preparedness among Nurses Based on their Personal and Work-related Characteristics: An Explanatory Study. Niger J Clin Pract 2022; 25:27-32. [PMID: 35046191 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_468_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background The disaster situations call upon the effective and speedy response from the nurses. The link to self-perceived competence in disaster preparedness remains unclear, although there is strong support for competence in nursing practice to ensure safe patient care. Aims The study aims to evaluate the self-perceived competence and familiarity of nurses at personal and professional levels concerning disaster preparedness. Cross-sectional exploratory design was employed. A sample of 350 nurses from five government hospitals in Medina was surveyed using an emergency preparedness information questionnaire. Patients and Methods IBM SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) for Windows, Version 21.0, was used for analyzing the data. Results Nurses perceived inadequate preparation for emergencies. The unit area had no impact on their self-perceived competence and familiarity. Conclusions Female nurses, non-Saudi staff, and years of work experience were perceived to increase nurse competence in disaster preparedness. The managers can create activities to enable nurses to learn and view their disaster preparedness concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- O G Baker
- Department of Community, Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, College of Nursing, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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11
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Zhang Y, Wang H, Luo C, Chen S. Ephemerality in Social Media: Unpacking the Personal and Social Characteristics of Time Limit Users on WeChat Moments. Front Psychol 2021; 12:712440. [PMID: 34552534 PMCID: PMC8451155 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.712440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Social media platforms increasingly give users the option of ephemerality through settings that delete or hide posted content after a set period of time. Many individuals apply these settings to manage their posting history and, in turn, reduce concerns about self-presentation. Despite the growing popularity of this feature, few studies have empirically explored it. This study examines the Time Limit setting on WeChat Moments as an example and investigates how users using the Time Limit setting differ from nonusers in terms of personal characteristics (demographics, personality traits, psychological factors, and previous behavioral patterns) and social characteristics (audience size and audience diversity). Compared with nonusers, users using Time Limit setting scored significantly higher on posting frequency and privacy setting use and scored significantly lower on audience size. We also examine how personal and social characteristics vary between user groups with different degrees of ephemerality (i.e., low, medium, or high). Our findings show that users using the Time Limit setting who scored higher on measures of life changes, self-monitoring, posting frequency, and audience size and lower on perceived stress were more likely to opt for the low (i.e., 6months) rather than the medium (i.e., 1month) or high (i.e., 3days) degree of ephemerality. Our work contributes to the understanding of ephemerality settings on social media platforms and provides insights that help practitioners design more effective platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- School of Economic Information and Engineering, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Centre of the Innovation and Regulation of Internet-Based Finance, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- School of Business Administration, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuan Luo
- School of Economic Information and Engineering, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- School of Economic Information and Engineering, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, China
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12
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Solomon T, Esmaeili B. Examining the Relationship between Mindfulness, Personality, and National Culture for Construction Safety. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:4998. [PMID: 34066891 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The construction industry still leads the world as one of the sectors with the most work-related injuries and worker fatalities. Considering that one of the barriers to improving construction safety is its stressful working environment, which increases risk of inattentiveness among construction workers, safety managers seek practices to measure and enhance worker focus and reduce stress, such as mindfulness. Considering the important role of mindfulness in curbing frequency and severity of incidents, researchers are interested in understanding the relationship between mindfulness and other common, more static human characteristics. As a result, this study examines the relationship between mindfulness and such variables as personality and national culture in the context of construction safety. Collecting data from 155 participants, this study used elastic net regression to examine the influence of independent (i.e., personality and national culture) variables on the dependent (i.e., mindfulness) variable. To validate the results of the regression, 10-fold cross-validation was conducted. The results reveal that certain personality traits (e.g., conscientiousness, neuroticism, and agreeableness) and national cultural dimensions (e.g., uncertainty avoidance, individualism, and collectivism) can be used as predictors of mindfulness for individuals. Since mindfulness has shown to increase safety and work performance, safety managers can utilize these variables to identify at-risk workers so that additional safety training can be provided to enhance work performance and improve safety outcomes. The results of this study will inform future work into translating personal and mindfulness characteristics into factors that predict specific elements of unsafe human behaviors.
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13
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Kawabata M, Pavey TG, Coulter TJ. Evolving the validity of a mental toughness measure: Refined versions of the Mental Toughness Questionnaire-48. Stress Health 2021; 37:378-391. [PMID: 33145967 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The Mental Toughness Questionnaire-48 (MTQ48) is a 48-item self-report instrument to measure one's level of mental toughness. Despite its wide popularity in psychological studies, the questionnaire has been criticized due to its factorial validity. The present study aimed to re-assess the factorial validity of the instrument and propose alternative models to provide researchers with theoretically and practically useful instruments to measure mental toughness. Two studies were conducted using large samples of university students (Study 1: n = 2186; Study 2: n = 3209). In Study 1, none of one-, four- and six-factor models with 48 items satisfactorily fit the data set. Instead, two refined 18- and 6-item versions of the questionnaire, covering six aspects of mental toughness, were proposed: the Short MTQ and Very Short MTQ. Both measures demonstrated excellent fit to the data. These results were replicated with a larger independent sample in Study 2. With the Short MTQ, it is possible to represent mental toughness as a multidimensional construct consisting of a global mental toughness factor and six specific factors. The Very Short MTQ is a practical tool for occasions where constraints prevent use of the Short MTQ. The refined questionnaires are promising options to measure and understand individuals' mental toughness with the MTQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Kawabata
- National Institution of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Toby G Pavey
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tristan J Coulter
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
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14
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Alimbaeva MA, Lisova NA, Spiridonova MS, Shilova OI, Shilov SN. [The features of temperament and levels of activation of central nervous system of female students with various condition of reproductive health]. Probl Sotsialnoi Gig Zdravookhranenniiai Istor Med 2021; 29:245-249. [PMID: 33901362 DOI: 10.32687/0869-866x-2021-29-2-245-249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The article demonstrates the relationship between temperamental features and functional state of central nervous system in female students various regimen of reproductive system functioning. The sampling included 115 female students of Krasnoyarsk with different status of menstrual function, including 51 female students with normal gonadotropic and prolactin type of anovulation and 64 female students with ovulatory menstrual cycle. The questionnaire DOTS-R was applied to establish the temperament characteristics. The functional condition of the central nervous system was studied using method of simple and complex visual-motor reaction by means of device "Psychophysiologist". The results of the study demonstrated that girls with "calm" and "rigid" types of temperament have features of functional state of the central nervous system that can condition predisposition to menstrual cycle disorders. The particular features of functional state of the central nervous system in female students with anovulatory cycle were established: decreasing of level of activation of the central nervous system in individuals with "intense" and "unstable" types of temperament and workability of girls of "adequate" type. The application of complex reproductive health evaluation to female students to establish personalty temperamental features will input into forming of risk groups relating to development of menstrual cycle disorders in female students.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Alimbaeva
- V. P. Astafiev Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University, Krasnoyarsk, 660049, Russia
| | - N A Lisova
- V. P. Astafiev Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University, Krasnoyarsk, 660049, Russia,
| | - M S Spiridonova
- V. P. Astafiev Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University, Krasnoyarsk, 660049, Russia
| | - O Iu Shilova
- N. F. Katanov Khakass State University, Abakan, 655000, Russia
| | - S N Shilov
- N. F. Katanov Khakass State University, Abakan, 655000, Russia
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Paul N, Kohara S, Khera GK, Gunawardena R. Integration of Technology in Medical Education on Primary Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Students' Viewpoint. JMIR Med Educ 2020; 6:e22926. [PMID: 33112760 PMCID: PMC7683022 DOI: 10.2196/22926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has forced medical schools and clinicians to transition swiftly to working online, where possible. During this time, final-year medical students at King's College London, England, have received some of their general practice teachings in the form of virtual tutor groups. The predominant feature of such groups is online patient simulations, which provide students a valuable experience to help gain insight into current clinical practice amid the pandemic and inform how their practices as incoming junior doctors would continue. Even in the absence of face-to-face teaching and clinical placements, students have been able to hone their medical knowledge and soft skills through these virtual, simulated consultations. They have been exposed to a new consultation style while in a safe and collaborative learning space. Here, we explore how medical students have benefited from these virtual tutor groups and how similar small-group online teaching opportunities can add value to the medical curriculum in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Paul
- King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sae Kohara
- King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Disasters can cause long-lasting damage to survivors and rescue workers. Some rescue workers suffer negative physical and psychological consequences, while others do not. Thus, it is of value to fully understand the characteristics of rescuers who have not been affected by rescue activities. Resilience refers to the ability or capacity to cope with adversity. The aim of this review is to explore and identify the characteristics of resilience among rescue workers. A systematic literature search was conducted of seven electronic databases from inception to May 2019, using keywords and medical subject heading terms related to the resilience of rescuers. Hand searches and searches of leading authors were also performed. A total of 31 articles were eligible for review. Six domains were identified to characterize the resilience of rescuers namely, demographic and physical characteristics, personality traits, coping strategies, perceived resources, being equipped with special skills for disaster rescue, and having less adverse consequences from exposure to disaster. Researchers and disaster managers can take note of these characteristics to comprehensively understand the 'positive concept' of resilience. This enhanced understanding of 'positive resilience' can in turn be used to develop a framework to assess and establish interventions, and consequently to improve the psychological wellbeing of rescuers after disaster rescue efforts.
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Cullen MJ, Zhang C, Marcus-Blank B, Braman JP, Tiryaki E, Konia M, Hunt MA, Lee MS, Van Heest A, Englander R, Sackett PR, Andrews JS. Improving Our Ability to Predict Resident Applicant Performance: Validity Evidence for a Situational Judgment Test. Teach Learn Med 2020; 32:508-521. [PMID: 32427496 DOI: 10.1080/10401334.2020.1760104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Construct: We investigated whether a situational judgment test (SJT) designed to measure professionalism in physicians predicts residents' performance on (a) Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) competencies and (b) a multisource professionalism assessment (MPA). Background: There is a consensus regarding the importance of assessing professionalism and interpersonal and communication skills in medical students, residents, and practicing physicians. Nonetheless, these noncognitive competencies are not well measured during medical education selection processes. One promising method for measuring these noncognitive competencies is the SJT. In a typical SJT, respondents are presented with written or video-based scenarios and asked to make choices from a set of alternative courses of action. Interpersonally oriented SJTs are commonly used for selection to medical schools in the United Kingdom and Belgium and for postgraduate selection of trainees to medical practice in Belgium, Singapore, Canada, and Australia. However, despite international evidence suggesting that SJTs are useful predictors of in-training performance, end-of-training performance, supervisory ratings of performance, and clinical skills licensing objective structured clinical examinations, the use of interpersonally oriented SJTs in residency settings in the United States has been infrequently investigated. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether residents' performance on an SJT designed to measure professionalism-related competencies-conscientiousness, integrity, accountability, aspiring to excellence, teamwork, stress tolerance, and patient-centered care-predicts both their current and future performance as residents on two important but conceptually distinct criteria: ACGME competencies and the MPA. Approach: We developed an SJT to measure seven dimensions of professionalism. During calendar year 2017, 21 residency programs from 2 institutions administered the SJT. We conducted analyses to determine the validity of SJT and USMLE scores in predicting milestone performance in ACGME core competency domains and the MPA in June 2017 and 3 months later in September 2017 for the MPA and 1 year later, in June 2018, for ACGME domains. Results: At both periods, the SJT score predicted overall ACGME milestone performance (r = .13 and .17, respectively; p < .05) and MPA performance (r = .19 and .21, respectively; p < .05). In addition, the SJT predicted ACGME patient care, systems-based practice, practice-based learning and improvement, interpersonal and communication skills, and professionalism competencies (r = .16, .15, .15, .17, and .16, respectively; p < .05) 1 year later. The SJT score contributed incremental validity over USMLE scores in predicting overall ACGME milestone performance (ΔR = .07) 1 year later and MPA performance (ΔR = .05) 3 months later. Conclusions: SJTs show promise as a method for assessing noncognitive attributes in residency program applicants. The SJT's incremental validity to the USMLE series in this study underscores the importance of moving beyond these standardized tests to a more holistic review of candidates that includes both cognitive and noncognitive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Cullen
- Department of Graduate Medical Education, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Charlene Zhang
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Jonathan P Braman
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ezgi Tiryaki
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mojca Konia
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Matthew A Hunt
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Michael S Lee
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ann Van Heest
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Robert Englander
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Paul R Sackett
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, USA
| | - John S Andrews
- GME Innovations, American Medical Association, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Nguyen L, van den Berg P, Kemperman A, Mohammadi M. Where do People Interact in High-rise Apartment Buildings? Exploring the Influence of Personal and Neighborhood Characteristics. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17134619. [PMID: 32604991 PMCID: PMC7369851 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17134619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Early studies conclude that high-rise apartment buildings present challenges for people’s quality of life, resulting in social isolation, social annoyance and anonymity for residents. Nevertheless, empirical research into factors supporting social interaction in high-rise apartment buildings is still scarce. This study aims to investigate how often and where people in high-rise neighborhoods interact, and how this is affected by personal and neighborhoods characteristics. A mixture of both quantitative and qualitative methods was used including social interaction diaries and questionnaires among 274 residents, in-depth interviews with 45 residents and objective measurement of the physical environments in four high-rise apartment buildings for low in-income people in Hanoi, Vietnam. Results demonstrate that social interaction is influenced by a number of personal and neighborhood characteristics. Furthermore, most social interactions—also gathering and accompanying playing children—take place in the circulation areas of the apartment buildings. However, the use of these spaces for different purposes of interaction is found to have negative impact on people’s privacy, the feeling of safety and cleanliness of the shared spaces. The findings of this study provide information for planners and designers on how to design and improve high-rise apartment buildings that support social interaction.
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Sun H, Ni W, Teh PL, Lo C. The Systematic Impact of Personal Characteristics on Entrepreneurial Intentions of Engineering Students. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1072. [PMID: 32581939 PMCID: PMC7283955 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of personal characteristics on entrepreneurial intention is a classic topic in the field of entrepreneurship research. Previous research mostly used simple linear models, leading to a gap in the study on the interrelationship among personal characteristics and their systematic influence on entrepreneurial intention. This study investigates the interrelationship among the four specific entrepreneurial characteristics (i.e., need for achievement, locus of control, risk-taking propensity, and creativity) and their systematic influence on the entrepreneurial intention of engineering students. The research data is from 210 engineering students via a survey. Logistic regression and path analysis were used for data analysis. The findings suggest that creativity and risk-taking directly influence entrepreneurial intention while the need for achievement and the locus of control influence it indirectly. Implications for entrepreneurship education are finally discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Sun
- Department of Systems Engineering and Engineering Management, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenbin Ni
- School of Business Administration, Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pei-Lee Teh
- School of Business, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Carol Lo
- Occupational Health and Safety Council of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Li HL, Fang J, Zhao LG, Liu DK, Wang J, Han LH, Xiang YB. Personal Characteristics Effects on Validation of Self-reported Type 2 Diabetes From a Cross-sectional Survey Among Chinese Adults. J Epidemiol 2019; 30:516-521. [PMID: 31656244 PMCID: PMC7557172 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20190178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The objective was to evaluate the effects of personal characteristics on the validation of self-reported type 2 diabetes among Chinese adults in urban Shanghai. Methods During 2015 through 2016, 4,322 participants were recruited in this validation study. We considered the criteria of diabetes verification to use the laboratory assays of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), or self-reported use of diabetic medication. Results When taking diabetic medication or FPG ≥7.0 mmol/L was as identified diabetes, the measurements of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and Kappa value of self-reported diabetes were 72.0%, 99.2%, 95.1%, 93.9%, and 0.78, respectively. If an additional HbA1c test was used for 708 subjects (aged <65 years), slightly lower values of sensitivity, NPV, and Kappa were observed. More potential diabetes cases were found compared to only using FPG. Subjects who were female, older, or had a family history of diabetes had sensitivity over 75% and excellent Kappa over 0.8, while the sensitivity and Kappa of opposite groups had poorer values. Specificity, PPV, and NPV were similar among groups with different demographic or disease characteristics. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes was 19.3% in the study (14.1% diagnosed diabetes, 5.2% undiagnosed diabetes). About 26.2% of subjects were pre-diabetic. Additional HbA1c test indicated an increased prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes and pre-diabetes. Conclusions Findings support self-reported diabetes is sufficiently valid to be used in large-scale, population-based epidemiologic studies. Participants with different characteristics may have different indicators in terms of validation, such as age, gender, and family history of diabetes in first-degree relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Lan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine
| | - Jie Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine
| | - Long-Gang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine
| | - Da-Ke Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine
| | - Li-Hua Han
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine
| | - Yong-Bing Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine
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Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to investigate the stress level of university faculty members, the important determinants of faculty members’ stress, and the implications for both faculty members and administrators. Subjects and methods Participants were asked to complete a questionnaire consisting of 24 questions. Reponses from 240 participants at a Chinese university were analyzed using SPSS software. The descriptive statistics showed the participants’ statistical characteristics. Cronbach’s a and varimax rotation were used to assess the reliability and validity of the scale. The main statistical methods used were ANOVA and multifactor line regression. Results University faculty members’ occupational stress is widespread across occupational hierarchies. University faculty members are faced with different levels of teaching and scientific research and personal development pressures. Professional ranking, age, and length of teaching make a difference in the level of faculty members’ occupational stress. The results can help us confirm that scientific research, professional development, and administrative affairs are significant influencing factors of faculty members’ occupational stress. Conclusion University faculty members’ occupational stress is the outcome of structural constraints of university and personal characteristics. On the one hand, the faculty members should recognize the positive impact of occupational stress while striving to eliminate stressors. On the other hand, this empirical study uncovered that the evaluation mechanism based on quantitative performance indicators has greatly increased the occupational pressure on university faculty members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Meng
- Department of Higher Education, College of Education, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China,
| | - Guan Wang
- Department of Higher Education, College of Education, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China,
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Shapiro SB, Kallies KJ, Borgert AJ, O'Heron CT, Jarman BT. Evolution of Characteristics From Letters of Recommendation in General Surgery Residency Applications. J Surg Educ 2018; 75:e23-e30. [PMID: 30093335 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Letters of recommendation (LOR) describe applicants being considered for Surgery Residencies. Although objective measures have been studied, the descriptive language of LOR and changes over time has yet to be evaluated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the descriptions of autonomy, teamwork, and ACGME core competencies in the LOR of applicants over time. DESIGN After IRB approval, LOR of residents who matriculated into our Surgery Residency were evaluated. Residents were grouped into early (1973-1999) vs. late (2000-2016) applications, and generational groups (baby boomers: 1943-1960, generation X: 1961-1980, millennial: 1981-1999), to identify the following themes: autonomy, teamwork, ACGME core competencies, and technical skills. Content analysis was performed using Nvivo 11. SETTING Independent academic medical center. PARTICIPANTS LOR from 76 of 77 residents who matriculated into our Surgery Residency from 1973-2016. RESULTS 255 LOR were available. Autonomy was described 175 times in 43 residents, and teamwork was described 263 times in 51 residents. Teamwork was more common in late vs. early applications (82% vs 53%; p = 0.007), and autonomy was present in 53% vs 61% of early vs late applications (p = 0.490). Teamwork was more commonly noted among millennial versus generation X and baby boomer applicants (92% vs 59% vs 47%; p = 0.006). Core competencies were detected 1445 times, with an increase in systems-based practice, and practice-based learning and improvement in early versus late applications (0 vs 16%, p = 0.001; 37% vs 74%, p = 0.025). Professionalism (68% vs 79%) and medical knowledge (74% vs 79%) were described consistently in early and late applications. Technical skills were described in 58% of early and 71% of late applications (p = 0.230). CONCLUSIONS LOR for surgery residency applicants has evolved over time with increased teamwork concepts. Descriptions of practice-based learning, system-based practice, research, and volunteerism have increased, while professionalism, medical knowledge, and technical skills were consistently described over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen B Shapiro
- Department of General Surgery, Gundersen Health System, La Crosse, Wisconsin.
| | - Kara J Kallies
- Department of Medical Research, Gundersen Medical Foundation, La Crosse, Wisconsin
| | - Andrew J Borgert
- Department of Medical Research, Gundersen Medical Foundation, La Crosse, Wisconsin
| | - Colette T O'Heron
- Department of Medical Education, Gundersen Medical Foundation, La Crosse, Wisconsin
| | - Benjamin T Jarman
- Department of General Surgery, Gundersen Health System, La Crosse, Wisconsin; Department of Medical Education, Gundersen Medical Foundation, La Crosse, Wisconsin
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Critical care nurses work in a complex and stressful environment with diverse norms, values, interactions, and relationships. Therefore, they inevitably experience some levels of ethical conflict. AIM The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship of ethical conflict with personal and organizational characteristics among critical care nurses. METHODS This descriptive-correlational study was conducted in 2017 on a random sample of 216 critical care nurses. Participants were recruited through stratified random sampling. Data collection tools were a demographic and professional characteristics questionnaire, the Ethical Conflict in Nursing Questionnaire-Critical Care Version, and the Organizational and Managerial Factors Questionnaire. The data were analyzed using the SPSS software (v. 22.0). ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS All participants were informed about the study's aim and were assured that participation in and withdrawal from the study would be voluntary. FINDINGS The mean score of exposure to ethical conflict was 201.91 ± 80.38. The highest-scored conflict-inducing clinical situation was "working with professionally incompetent nurses or nurse assistants." Married nurses, nurses with official employment, nurses with master's degree, and nurses with the history of attending ethics education programs had significantly higher exposure to ethical conflict than the other nurses (p < 0.05). The significant predictors of exposure to ethical conflict were marital status, educational status, reward system, organizational culture, manager's conduct, and organizational structure and regulations (p < 0.05). These predictors accounted for 37.2% of the total variance of exposure to ethical conflict. CONCLUSION Critical care nurses experience moderate levels of exposure to ethical conflict. A wide range of personal and organizational factors can contribute to such exposure, the most significant of which is the professional incompetence of nursing colleagues, nurse assistants, and physicians. Therefore, many improvements at personal and organizational levels are needed to reduce critical care nurses' exposure to ethical conflict.
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De Pelsmacker P, Lewi M, Cauberghe V. The Effect of Personal Characteristics, Perceived Threat, Efficacy and Breast Cancer Anxiety on Breast Cancer Screening Activation. Healthcare (Basel) 2017; 5:E65. [PMID: 28953261 PMCID: PMC5746699 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare5040065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to activate women to participate in breast cancer screening programs, a good understanding is needed of the personal characteristics that influence how women can be activated to search for more information, consult friends and doctors, and participate in breast cancer screening programs. In the current study, we investigate the effect of six personal characteristics that have in previous research been identified as important triggers of health behavior on breast cancer screening activation: Health awareness, Need for Cognition, Affect Intensity, Breast cancer knowledge, Topic involvement, and the Perceived breast cancer risk. We test the effect of these factors on four activation variables: intention of future information seeking, forwarding the message to a friend, talking to a doctor, and actual breast cancer screening attendance. Additionally, we try to unravel the process by means of which the antecedents (the six personal characteristics) lead to activation. To that end, we test the mediating role of perceived breast cancer threat, perceived efficacy of screening, and the evoked breast cancer anxiety as mediators in this process. The data were collected by means of a cross-sectional survey in a sample of 700 Flemish (Belgium) women who were invited to the free-of-charge breast cancer population screening. Screening attendance of this sample was provided by the government agency in charge of the organisation of the screening. Health awareness, affects intensity, topic involvement, and perceived risk have the strongest influence on activation. Breast cancer anxiety and perceived breast cancer threat have a substantial mediation effect on these effects. Efficacy perceptions are less important in the activation process. Increased health awareness and a higher level of perceived risk lead to less participation in the free of charge population based breast screening program. Implications for theory and practice are offered. The limitation of the study is that only a standard invitation message was used. In future research, other types of awareness and activation messages should be tested. Additionally, the analysis could be refined by investigating the potentially different activation process in different subgroups of women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick De Pelsmacker
- Department of Marketing, Faculty of Applied Economics, University of Antwerp, Prinsstraat 13, 2000 Antwerpen, Belgium.
| | - Martine Lewi
- Department of Marketing, Faculty of Applied Economics, University of Antwerp, Prinsstraat 13, 2000 Antwerpen, Belgium.
| | - Veroline Cauberghe
- Department of Communication Sciences, Ghent University, Korte Meer 7-11, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
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Khiavi FF, Dashti R, Mokhtari S. Association between Organizational Commitment and Personality Traits of Faculty Members of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences. Electron Physician 2016; 8:2129-35. [PMID: 27123222 PMCID: PMC4844479 DOI: 10.19082/2129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Individual characteristics are important factors influencing organizational commitment. Also, committed human resources can lead organizations to performance improvement as well as personal and organizational achievements. This research aimed to determine the association between organizational commitment and personality traits among faculty members of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences. Methods the research population of this cross-sectional study was the faculty members of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences (Ahvaz, Iran). The sample size was determined to be 83. Data collection instruments were the Allen and Meyer questionnaire for organizational commitment and Neo for characteristics’ features. The data were analyzed through Pearson’s product-moment correlation and the independent samples t-test, ANOVA, and simple linear regression analysis (SLR) by SPSS. Results Continuance commitment showed a significant positive association with neuroticism, extroversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. Normative commitment showed a significant positive association with conscientiousness and a negative association with extroversion (p = 0.001). Openness had a positive association with affective commitment. Openness and agreeableness, among the five characteristics’ features, had the most effect on organizational commitment, as indicated by simple linear regression analysis. Conclusion Faculty members’ characteristics showed a significant association with their organizational commitment. Determining appropriate characteristic criteria for faculty members may lead to employing committed personnel to accomplish the University’s objectives and tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Faraji Khiavi
- Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Department of Health Services Administration, School of Health, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Rezvan Dashti
- M.Sc. in Rehabilitation Administration, School of Rehabilitation, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Mokhtari
- B.Sc. in Health Services Administration, School of Health, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Abbiati M, Baroffio A, Gerbase MW. Personal profile of medical students selected through a knowledge-based exam only: are we missing suitable students? Med Educ Online 2016; 21:29705. [PMID: 27079886 PMCID: PMC4832215 DOI: 10.3402/meo.v21.29705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A consistent body of literature highlights the importance of a broader approach to select medical school candidates both assessing cognitive capacity and individual characteristics. However, selection in a great number of medical schools worldwide is still based on knowledge exams, a procedure that might neglect students with needed personal characteristics for future medical practice. We investigated whether the personal profile of students selected through a knowledge-based exam differed from those not selected. METHODS Students applying for medical school (N=311) completed questionnaires assessing motivations for becoming a doctor, learning approaches, personality traits, empathy, and coping styles. Selection was based on the results of MCQ tests. Principal component analysis was used to draw a profile of the students. Differences between selected and non-selected students were examined by Multivariate ANOVAs, and their impact on selection by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Students demonstrating a profile of diligence with higher conscientiousness, deep learning approach, and task-focused coping were more frequently selected (p=0.01). Other personal characteristics such as motivation, sociability, and empathy did not significantly differ, comparing selected and non-selected students. CONCLUSION Selection through a knowledge-based exam privileged diligent students. It did neither advantage nor preclude candidates with a more humane profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Abbiati
- Faculty of Medicine, Unit of Development and Research in Medical Education, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anne Baroffio
- Faculty of Medicine, Unit of Development and Research in Medical Education, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Margaret W Gerbase
- Faculty of Medicine, Unit of Development and Research in Medical Education, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland;
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Reinwand DA, Schulz DN, Crutzen R, Kremers SP, de Vries H. Who Follows eHealth Interventions as Recommended? A Study of Participants' Personal Characteristics From the Experimental Arm of a Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res 2015; 17:e115. [PMID: 25963607 PMCID: PMC4468602 DOI: 10.2196/jmir.3932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Computer-tailored eHealth interventions to improve health behavior have been demonstrated to be effective and cost-effective if they are used as recommended. However, different subgroups may use the Internet differently, which might also affect intervention use and effectiveness. To date, there is little research available depicting whether adherence to intervention recommendations differs according to personal characteristics. OBJECTIVE The aim was to assess which personal characteristics are associated with using an eHealth intervention as recommended. METHODS A randomized controlled trial was conducted among a sample of the adult Dutch population (N=1638) testing an intervention aimed at improving 5 healthy lifestyle behaviors: increasing fruit and vegetable consumption, increasing physical activity, reducing alcohol intake, and promoting smoking cessation. Participants were asked to participate in those specific online modules for which they did not meet the national guideline(s) for the respective behavior(s). Participants who started with fewer than the recommended number of modules of the intervention were defined as users who did not follow the intervention recommendation. RESULTS The fewer modules recommended to participants, the better participants adhered to the intervention modules. Following the intervention recommendation increased when participants were older (χ(2)1=39.8, P<.001), female (χ(2)1=15.8, P<.001), unemployed (χ(2)1=7.9, P=.003), ill (χ(2)1=4.5, P=.02), or in a relationship (χ(2)1=7.8, P=.003). No significant relevant differences were found between groups with different levels of education, incomes, or quality of life. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that eHealth interventions were used differently by subgroups. The more frequent as-recommended intervention use by unemployed, older, and ill participants may be an indication that these eHealth interventions are attractive to people with a greater need for health care information. Further research is necessary to make intervention use more attractive for people with unhealthy lifestyle patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique A Reinwand
- CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.
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Albrithen A, Yalli N. Hospital social workers in Saudi Arabia: characteristics and functions. Soc Work Health Care 2015; 54:158-176. [PMID: 25674727 DOI: 10.1080/00981389.2014.972532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Social work practitioners are important members of the health care team and the hospital sector has been a traditional employer of social workers. Social work practitioners have become increasingly involved in hospital work as a result of the growing recognition of the important link between the biophysical aspects of health and the surrounding psychosocial circumstances, which require multidisciplinary interventions and demand the involvement of specialized social work personnel to deal with such issues. The article has been carried out in order to contribute to the literature by exploring to see if the characteristics and functions of contemporary professional social workers (who practice in the health sector in western Saudi Arabia) are achieving best practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz Albrithen
- a Department of Social Studies , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
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Conlon P, Hecker K, Sabatini S. What should we be selecting for? A systematic approach for determining which personal characteristics to assess for during admissions. BMC Med Educ 2012; 12:105. [PMID: 23122215 PMCID: PMC3508846 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6920-12-105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Admission committees are responsible for creating fair, defensible, reliable, and valid processes that assess those attributes considered important for professional success. There is evidence for the continuing use of academic ability as a selection criterion for health professional schools; however, there is little evidence for the reliability and validity of measures currently in place to assess personal characteristics. The Ontario Veterinary College (OVC) initiated a review of its admissions criteria in order to implement an evidence-based method to determine which characteristics veterinary stakeholders consider important to assess for admission. METHODS Eleven characteristics were identified by the OVC Admissions Committee and a survey was sent to all licensed veterinarians in Ontario (n=4,068), OVC students (n=450), and OVC faculty, interns and residents (n=192). A paired comparison method was used to identify the relative rank order of the characteristics, and multivariate analysis of variance with post hoc analyses was used to determine between group differences in the returned survey data. RESULTS Surveys were returned from 1,312 participants (27.86% response rate; female 59.70%). The relative rank of the characteristics was reasonably consistent among participant groups, with ethical behaviour, sound judgment, communication, and critical and creative thinking being ranked as the top four. However, the importance of certain characteristics like communication and empathy were perceived differently by groups. For instance, females scored communication (F(1, 1289) = 20.24, p < .001, d = .26) and empathy (F(1, 1289) = 55.41, p < .001, d = 0.42) significantly higher than males, while males scored knowledge of profession (F(1, 1289) = 12.81, p < .001, d = 0.20), leadership (F(1, 1289) = 10.28, p = .001, d = 0.18), and sound judgment (F(1, 1289) = 13.56, p < .001, d = 0.21) significantly higher than females. CONCLUSIONS The data from the paired comparison method provide convergent evidence for the characteristics participant groups identify as most important in determining who should be admitted to a veterinary program. The between group analyses provides important information regarding characteristics most important to various subgroups; this has implications for what characteristics are selected for at admission as well as on who is selecting for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Conlon
- Dean’s Office, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Kent Hecker
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Community Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Education Research Unit, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- G380 Health Sciences Centre, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Susan Sabatini
- Dean’s Office, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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Cohen-Mansfield J, Marx MS, Freedman LS, Murad H, Thein K, Dakheel-Ali M. What affects pleasure in persons with advanced stage dementia? J Psychiatr Res 2012; 46:402-6. [PMID: 22208995 PMCID: PMC3288263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2011.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Revised: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We examined the impact of environmental, person, and stimulus characteristics on pleasure in persons with dementia. Study participants were 193 residents of 7 Maryland nursing homes who were presented with 25 stimuli from these categories: live human social stimuli, live pet social stimuli, simulated social stimuli, inanimate social stimuli, a reading stimulus, manipulative stimuli, a music stimulus, task and work-related stimuli, and two different self-identity stimuli. Systematic observations of pleasure in the natural environment were conducted using Lawton's Modified Behavior Stream. Analysis showed that pleasure is related to stimulus category, personal attributes and environmental conditions. In the multivariate analyses, all types of social stimuli (live and simulated, human and nonhuman), self-identity stimuli, and music were related to significantly higher levels of pleasure than the control condition. Females and persons with higher ADL and communication functional status exhibited more pleasure. Pleasure was most likely to occur in environments with moderate noise levels. These results demonstrate that these nursing home residents are indeed capable of showing pleasure. Caregivers of nursing home residents with dementia should incorporate social, self-identity, and music stimuli into their residents' care plans so that eliciting pleasure from each resident becomes the norm rather than a random occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Havi Murad
- Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, Israel
| | - Khin Thein
- Innovative Aging Research, Silver Spring, MD
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Engagement refers to the act of being occupied or involved with an external stimulus. In dementia, engagement is the antithesis of apathy. OBJECTIVE The Comprehensive Process Model of Engagement was examined, in which environmental, personal, and stimulus characteristics impact the level of engagement. METHODS : Participants were 193 residents of 7 Maryland nursing with a diagnosis of dementia. Stimulus engagement was assessed via the Observational Measure of Engagement, measuring duration, attention, and attitude to the stimulus. Twenty-five stimuli were presented, which were categorized as live human social stimuli, simulated social stimuli, inanimate social stimuli, a reading stimulus, manipulative stimuli, a music stimulus, task and work-related stimuli, and two different self-identity stimuli. RESULTS All stimuli elicited significantly greater engagement in comparison to the control stimulus. In the multivariate model, music significantly increased engagement duration, whereas all other stimuli significantly increased duration, attention, and attitude. Significant environmental variables in the multivariate model that increased engagement were: use of the long introduction with modeling (relative to minimal introduction), any level of sound (especially moderate sound), and the presence of between 2 and 24 people in the room. Significant personal attributes included Mini-Mental State Examination scores, activities of daily living performance and clarity of speech, which were positively associated with higher engagement scores. CONCLUSIONS Results are consistent with the Comprehensive Process Model of Engagement. Personal attributes, environmental factors, and stimulus characteristics all contribute to the level and nature of engagement, with a secondary finding being that exposure to any stimulus elicits engagement in persons with dementia.
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