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Furusawa H, Waki T. A description of a new species of the genus Brachydistomum (Trematode, Dicrocoeliidae) from the Eurasian Tree Sparrow Passer montanus (Linnaeus) (Passeriformes) in Japan, with a report on the first intermediate host. Syst Parasitol 2024; 101:22. [PMID: 38374415 DOI: 10.1007/s11230-024-10148-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
The trematode Brachydistomum suzume n. sp. (Dicrocoeliidae) was detected in the Eurasian Tree Sparrow Passer montanus, and described as a new species in Japan. This new species can be distinguished from the other members of the genus on the basis of morphological characters of suckers and reproductive organs. A partial sequence of adult mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) was used as a DNA barcode, and dicrocoeliid sporocysts and cercariae detected from four camaenid land snail species, Bradybaena pellucida, Brad. similaris, Acusta sieboldiana and Euhadra brandtii, were molecularly identified as the new species. Phylogenetic trees of nuclear 28S ribosomal DNA and COI also showed the new species to be distinct from the other trematode species, including Brachydistomum spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruki Furusawa
- Faculty of Science, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8510, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Waki
- Faculty of Science, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8510, Japan.
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Hidaka M, Uraguchi K, Matsuyama H, Kouguchi H. The first record of Brachylaima ezohelicis (Trematoda: Brachylaimidae) in the red fox (Vulpes vulpes schrencki). Parasitol Int 2024; 98:102826. [PMID: 37984790 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2023.102826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Brachylaima spp. are trematodes that have a unique life cycle as they exclusively use land snails as the intermediate host. Although their intermediate host has been well studied, very little information is available about their definitive host, partly as isolation of its adult stage from wild animals is rare. We found three trematodes in the small intestine of a red fox (Vulpes vulpes schrencki) in Hokkaido, the northernmost island of Japan. The trematodes were identified as Brachylaima ezohelicis based on morphological features and genetic analysis, which is believed to have a definitive avian host. The morphological features of the isolated trematodes were consistent with B. ezohelicis samples grown in the definitive host except for body length. Our study suggests that B. ezohelicis uses mammals as definitive hosts as well as birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahito Hidaka
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, Kita 19, Nishi 12, Kitaku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan.
| | - Kohji Uraguchi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, Kita 19, Nishi 12, Kitaku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Matsuyama
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, Kita 19, Nishi 12, Kitaku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kouguchi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, Kita 19, Nishi 12, Kitaku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan
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Furusawa H, Ikezawa H, Tsujimoto SG, Ichikawa-Seki M, Waki T. Introducing the land snail Bradybaena pellucida increased infection risk of the avian parasite Postharmostomum commutatum in the Kanto region of Japan. Parasitol Res 2023; 122:2207-2216. [PMID: 37432462 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-07921-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
The trematode Postharmostomum commutatum is a parasite of the chicken Gallus gallus domesticus. Its heavy infection can cause inflammation and hemorrhage in the cecum of host birds. We found a severe infection of metacercariae of P. commutatum, which was identified based on DNA barcodes with morphology, in the introduced land snail Bradybaena pellucida and its related species in the Kanto region of Japan. Our field survey revealed that metacercariae were detected in 14 of 69 sampling locations in this region. B. pellucida was thought to be the major second intermediate host of metacercariae of the trematode because this snail was most frequently found in the study area and the prevalence and infection intensity were higher than those of the other snail species. The observed increase in metacercariae in introduced populations of B. pellucida can enhance the infection risk of chickens and wild host birds, probably owing to the spillback effect. Our seasonal field study showed that the prevalence and infection intensity of metacercaria seemed to be high in populations of B. pellucida during the summer and early autumn. Therefore, chickens should not be bred outdoors during these seasons to prevent severe infection. Our molecular analysis, based on cytochrome c oxidase subunit I sequences, showed a significantly negative value for Tajima's D in P. commutatum, suggesting an increase in its population size. Thus, P. commutatum distributed in the Kanto region may have increased its population size with the introduction of the host snail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruki Furusawa
- Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8510, Japan
| | - Hiromi Ikezawa
- Ibaraki Nature Museum, 700, Osaki, Bando, Ibaraki, 306-0622, Japan
| | - Shohei G Tsujimoto
- Centre for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Madoka Ichikawa-Seki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, 020-8550, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Waki
- Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8510, Japan.
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Waki T, Nakao M, Sasaki M, Ikezawa H, Inoue K, Ohari Y, Kameda Y, Asada M, Furusawa H, Miyazaki S. Brachylaima phaedusae n. sp. (Trematoda: Brachylaimidae) from door snails in Japan. Parasitol Int 2022; 86:102469. [PMID: 34534656 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2021.102469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The metacercarial infections of door snails (Gastropoda: Clausiliidae) with unknown species of the genus Brachylaima (Trematoda: Brachylaimidae) have recently been reported in eastern Honshu and Kyushu, Japan. A large scale snail survey was carried out to clarify their taxonomic status. From the period of 2015 to 2020, a total of 1239 land snails (768 door snails and 471 others) were collected from 32 localities in Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu. The resulting trematode isolates were identified as Brachylaima sp. by mitochondrial DNA barcoding. The sporocysts were found only a few from Megalophaedusa sublunellata (Clausiliidae), Tauphaedusa subaculus (Clausiliidae), and Aegista trochula (Camaenidae), while the metacercariae were frequently detected from 14 species of Clausiliidae and 2 species of other families. Although Brachylaima sp. showed a broad range of intermediate hosts, door snails seem to be very important to drive the life cycle. The gravid adults of Brachylaima sp. was experimentally raised from metacercariae using immunosuppressed mice. Morphological, phylogenetical, and ecological considerations prompted us to propose Brachylaima phaedusae n. sp. for this unknown species. The definitive hosts of the new species are completely unknown. The wide geographic distribution and high genetic diversity of the new species suggest a possibility that the definitive host is ground-foraging birds, which prefer door snails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Waki
- Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1, Miyama, Funabashi-city, Chiba 274-8510, Japan.
| | - Minoru Nakao
- Department of Parasitology, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Highashi 2-1, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
| | - Mizuki Sasaki
- Department of Parasitology, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Highashi 2-1, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
| | - Hiromi Ikezawa
- Ibaraki Nature Museum, 700 Osaki, Bando, Ibaraki 306-0622, Japan
| | - Ken Inoue
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan; Laboratory of Nematology, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Saga University, 1 Honjo, Saga-city, Saga 840-8502, Japan; Saga Prefectural Meat Sanitary Inspection Station, 4127 Minamitaku, Taku-city, Saga 846-0024, Japan
| | - Yuma Ohari
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kameda
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4-1-1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0005, Japan
| | - Masahito Asada
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 13, Nishi 2 Sen, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Haruki Furusawa
- Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1, Miyama, Funabashi-city, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Miyazaki
- Kyushu Mollusc Study Society, 4-21-17 Konan, Miyazaki, Miyazaki 880-0944, Japan
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Waki T, Ohari Y, Hayashi K, Moribe J, Matsuo K, Takashima Y. The first detection of Dicrocoelium chinensis sporocysts from the land snail Aegista vulgivaga in Gifu Prefecture, Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:957-961. [PMID: 33952762 PMCID: PMC8267190 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Trematodes of the genus Dicrocoelium are one of the most common
parasites in ruminant animals; however, their life cycles in Japan are unclear. To find
the sporocysts of D. chinensis in the natural field, we sampled 269 land
snails (14 species) at a location with high level infection of sika deer in Gifu
Prefecture, Honshu Island, Japan in autumn between 2017 and 2019. During the sampling
period, we found mother sporocysts in the hepatopancreas of Aegista
vulgivaga and Cyclophorus herklotsi. DNA barcoding based on
the sequences of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 showed that the
sporocysts from A. vulgivaga belonged to D. chinensis,
indicating that this snail has potential as the first intermediate host of D.
chinensis at this location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Waki
- Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi-shi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Yuma Ohari
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Kei Hayashi
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoinooka, Imabari-shi, Ehime 794-8555, Japan
| | - Junji Moribe
- Laboratory of Wildlife Resources, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1303, Japan.,School of Social System Management, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1303, Japan
| | - Kayoko Matsuo
- Kumamoto Prefectural Aso Public Health Center, 2402 Miyaji, Ichinomiya-machi, Aso-shi, Kumamoto 869-2612, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Takashima
- Faculty of Applied Biological Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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Gérard C, Ansart A, Decanter N, Martin MC, Dahirel M. Brachylaima spp. (Trematoda) parasitizing Cornu aspersum (Gastropoda) in France with potential risk of human consumption. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 27:15. [PMID: 32167465 PMCID: PMC7069358 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2020012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The edible land snail Cornu aspersum, native to the Mediterranean coastlines of North Africa, is widely distributed on most continents and often invasive in areas where introduction is recent. This species could contribute to the geographic spread of parasites as demonstrated for Brachylaima spp. These cosmopolitan trematodes may represent a threat to human health, like in Australia where Brachylaima cribbi infects humans. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time the occurrence of Brachylaima spp. in two French populations of C. aspersum, Thorigné-Fouillard (Ille-et-Vilaine), and Arçais (Deux-Sèvres), with an overall prevalence of 10.4% (Thorigné-Fouillard) and 73.3% (Arçais), respectively and a metacercarial intensity on average three times higher in Thorigné-Fouillard (37) than in Arçais (11). Cornu aspersum may act as a first and second intermediate host, as demonstrated in Arçais. The morphometrics of metacercariae, particularly the great body length about 2 mm, discriminate our Brachylaima species from those already described in C. aspersum (B. cribbi in Australia, and B. aspersae, B. llobregatensis and B. mascomai in Europe). Molecular analysis, based on 28S and COI, suggests the occurrence of two species in our study, one of which is probably Brachylaima mesostoma, an intestinal parasite of passeriform birds described in Central Europe. We underline the need for further research to identify species of Brachylaima in France and measure the health hazard of consuming field-collected snails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Gérard
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, Évolution) - UMR 6553, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Armelle Ansart
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, Évolution) - UMR 6553, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Nolwenn Decanter
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, Évolution) - UMR 6553, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Marie-Claire Martin
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, Évolution) - UMR 6553, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Maxime Dahirel
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, Évolution) - UMR 6553, 35000 Rennes, France - INRAE, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, ISA (Institut Sophia Agrobiotech), 06903 Sophia-Antipolis, France
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Brachylaima succini sp. nov. (Trematoda: Brachylaimidae) from Succinea lauta, an amber snail in Hokkaido, Japan. Parasitol Int 2020; 77:102104. [PMID: 32169657 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2020.102104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Through a continuous survey of trematodes in land snails of Hokkaido, the northernmost island of Japan, we have discovered four species of the genus Brachylaima (Trematode: Brachylaimidae). Among them, Brachylaima ezohelicis, Brachylaima asakawai, and Brachylaima lignieuhadrae have already been described. Each of the three species is a strict specialist in selecting a particular species of land snail as the first intermediate host. In this report, we propose the fourth species, Brachylaima succini sp. nov., based on ecological, morphological, and phylogenetic considerations. Sporocysts and metacercariae of the new species were found exclusively from Succinea lauta, which is known as an amber snail indigenous to Hokkaido. Phylogenetic trees of nuclear 28S rDNA and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) demonstrated it to be distinct from the other sympatric species. Although metacercariae of the new species possessed unique morphological characters, adult worms experimentally raised from the metacercariae were similar to those of B. ezohelicis and B. lignieuhadrae. Natural definitive hosts of the new species are unknown, but the existence of common cox1 haplotypes from far-distant localities suggests a possibility that birds are involved as the definitive hosts. Findings of amber snails coinfected with both sporocysts of the new species and Leucochloridium perturbatum also support the involvement of birds.
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Ultrastructure and cytochemistry of intrauterine embryonic and larval stages of Ityogonimus lorum (Digenea: Brachylaimidae) involving transitory development of ciliated miracidia. Parasitol Res 2020; 119:1583-1595. [PMID: 32107619 PMCID: PMC7184058 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06629-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Results of the present study provide ultrastructural evidence that miracidial morphogenesis is fully completed within the intrauterine eggs while in the most posterior uterine regions of Ityogonimus lorum, a digenean parasite of an Iberian mole, Talpa occidentalis (Eulipotyphla, Talpidae). Using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the ultrastructural characteristics of diverse cell types and their organelles of these developing embryos and fully formed miracidia within the eggshell were examined. The eggshell and embryonic envelopes are similar to those described previously by many authors for other digeneans. However, the developing miracidia are unique among previously described digeneans in possessing transitory cilia during larvigenesis, but completely lacking cilia in fully formed miracidium larvae. The evidence for completion of miracidial maturation in intrauterine eggs is based on the presence of the following structures: (1) transitional stage of ciliated differentiating miracidial epithelium; (2) apical and lateral glands, characteristic for digenean miracidia; and (3) fully developed germinative cells grouped together in the germinative sac localized in the posterior region of the miracidium. The protonephridial system with its characteristic flame cells and the nervous system with diverse types of neurons and nerve centers, which are characteristic for other digenean species reported until now, are absent from all these developmental stages of I. lorum. Based on these observations, we hypothesize that the life cycle of I. lorum is entirely terrestrial, involving passive transmission by ingestion of eggs containing unciliated miracidia to the first intermediate host.
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