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Schwarting RKW, Wöhr M, Engler H, Sungur AÖ, Schedlowski M. Behaviorally conditioned effects of psychoactive drugs in experimental animals: What we have learned from nearly a century of research and what remains to be learned. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 162:105721. [PMID: 38754716 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Continuous treatment with drugs is a crucial requirement for managing various clinical conditions, including chronic pain and neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression or schizophrenia. Associative learning processes, i.e. Pavlovian conditioning, can play an important role for the effects of drugs and could open new avenues for optimizing patient treatment. In this narrative literature review, we summarize available data in experimental animals regarding the behaviorally conditioned effects of psychostimulants such as d-amphetamine and cocaine, the dopamine receptor agonist apomorphine, the dopamine receptor antagonist haloperidol, morphine and antidepressant drugs. In each section, the drug under discussion is briefly introduced, followed by a detailed examination of conditioning features, including doses and dosing regimens, characteristics of the conditioning process such as test environments or specific conditioned stimuli, testing and conditioned response characteristics, possible extinction or reconditioning or reversal training, neural mechanisms, and finally, the potential clinical relevance of the research area related to the drug. We focus on key outcomes, delve into methodical issues, identify gaps in current knowledge, and suggest future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer K W Schwarting
- Philipps-University of Marburg, Faculty of Psychology, Experimental and Biological Psychology, Behavioral Neuroscience, Marburg D-35032, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Marburg D-35032, Germany
| | - Markus Wöhr
- Philipps-University of Marburg, Faculty of Psychology, Experimental and Biological Psychology, Behavioral Neuroscience, Marburg D-35032, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Marburg D-35032, Germany; KU Leuven, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Research Unit Brain and Cognition, Laboratory of Biological Psychology, Social and Affective Neuroscience Research Group, Leuven B-3000, Belgium; KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Harald Engler
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, Center for Translational Neuro-, and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen D-45147, Germany
| | - A Özge Sungur
- Philipps-University of Marburg, Faculty of Psychology, Experimental and Biological Psychology, Behavioral Neuroscience, Marburg D-35032, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Marburg D-35032, Germany; KU Leuven, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Research Unit Brain and Cognition, Laboratory of Biological Psychology, Social and Affective Neuroscience Research Group, Leuven B-3000, Belgium; KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Manfred Schedlowski
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, Center for Translational Neuro-, and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen D-45147, Germany; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
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de Oliveira Pacheco C, de Gomes MG, da Silva Neto MR, Parisotto AJM, Dos Santos RB, Maciel TR, Ribeiro ACF, Giacomeli R, Haas SE. Surface-functionalized curcumin-loaded polymeric nanocapsules could block apomorphine-induced behavioral changes in rats. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 74:135-147. [PMID: 34739705 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00331-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surface functionalization enhances the properties and characteristics of polymeric nanocapsules (NCs) mainly due to the surface charge, surfactants, and polymer coating type. Curcumin (CUR) is a bioactive compound with several proven pharmacological properties and low bioavailability. This study aimed to develop anionic (poly-ɛ-caprolactone; PCL) and cationic (Eudragit® RS100 (EUD)) NCs prepared with sorbitan monostearate (Span 60®) or sorbitan monooleate (Span 80®), coated with d-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) and optimized using 23 factorial analysis. Subsequently, the biological activity was evaluated. METHODS A two-level, three-factor design (polymer, Span type, and TPGS concentration) was used. The biological effects of CUR-loaded TPGS-coated cationic and anionic NCs were assessed in apomorphine-induced stereotyped behavior in rats. RESULTS The type of polymer (anionic or cationic) and Span® had a factorial influence on the physical and chemical characteristics of NCs according to the changes in TPGS concentrations. Both cationic and anionic CUR-NCs could block apomorphine-induced behavioral changes. CONCLUSIONS The CUR-loaded TPGS-coated NCs proved to be a promising brain delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila de Oliveira Pacheco
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, BR 472, Km 7, Uruguaiana, RS, 97500-970, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Gomes de Gomes
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, BR 472, Km 7, Uruguaiana, RS, 97500-970, Brazil
| | - Manoel Rodrigues da Silva Neto
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, BR 472, Km 7, Uruguaiana, RS, 97500-970, Brazil
| | - Alcides José Martins Parisotto
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, BR 472, Km 7, Uruguaiana, RS, 97500-970, Brazil
| | - Renata Bem Dos Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, BR 472, Km 7, Uruguaiana, RS, 97500-970, Brazil
| | - Tamara Ramos Maciel
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima no. 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Funguetto Ribeiro
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry, Federal University of Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, BR 472, Km 7, Uruguaiana, RS, 97500-970, Brazil
| | - Renata Giacomeli
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry, Federal University of Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, BR 472, Km 7, Uruguaiana, RS, 97500-970, Brazil
| | - Sandra Elisa Haas
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, BR 472, Km 7, Uruguaiana, RS, 97500-970, Brazil.
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima no. 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry, Federal University of Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, BR 472, Km 7, Uruguaiana, RS, 97500-970, Brazil.
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Cedillo LN, Ruíz-García RI, Jiménez JC, Miranda F. Effect of coadministration of the GABAB agonist baclofen and the 5-HT2C agonist Ro60-0175 on the expression of amphetamine-induced locomotor sensitization. Exp Brain Res 2019; 237:1691-1697. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-019-05540-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Medial prefrontal cortex ERK and conditioning: Evidence for the association of increased medial prefrontal cortex ERK with the presence/absence of apomorphine conditioned behavior using a unique post-trial conditioning/extinction protocol. Behav Brain Res 2019; 365:56-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Oliveira LRD, Santos BGD, de Mello Bastos JM, Samuels RI, Carey RJ, Carrera MP. Morphine administered post-trial can induce potent conditioned morphine effects. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2019; 179:134-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Reversal of morphine conditioned behavior by an anti-dopaminergic post-trial drug treatment during re-consolidation. Behav Brain Res 2019; 359:771-782. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lange M, Froc C, Grunwald H, Norton WH, Bally-Cuif L. Pharmacological analysis of zebrafish lphn3.1 morphant larvae suggests that saturated dopaminergic signaling could underlie the ADHD-like locomotor hyperactivity. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 84:181-189. [PMID: 29496512 PMCID: PMC5912797 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Polymorphisms in the gene coding for the adhesion G-protein coupled receptor LPHN3 are a risk factor for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Transient down-regulation of latrophilin3.1 (lphn3.1), the zebrafish LPHN3 homologue, causes hyperactivity. Zebrafish injected with a lphn3.1-specific morpholino are hyperactive and display an impairment in dopaminergic neuron development. In the present study we used lphn3.1 morphants to further characterize the changes to dopaminergic signaling that trigger hyperactivity. We applied dopamine agonists (Apomorphine, Quinpirole, SKF-38393) and antagonists (Haloperidol, Eticlopride, SCH-23390) to Lphn3.1 morpholino-injected or control-injected animals. The percentage of change in locomotor activity was then determined at three different time periods (10-20 min, 30-40 min and 60-70 min). Our results show that drugs targeting dopamine receptors appear to elicit similar effects on locomotion in zebrafish larvae and mammals. In addition, we observed that lphn3.1 morphants have an overall hyposensitivity to dopamine agonists and antagonists compared to control fish. These results are compatible with a model whereby dopaminergic neurotransmission is saturated in lphn3.1 morphants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merlin Lange
- Paris-Saclay Institute for Neuroscience (Neuro-PSI), UMR 9197, CNRS - Université Paris-Sud, Team Zebrafish Neurogenetics, Avenue de la Terrasse, F-91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Laboratory for Developmental Gene Regulation, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Cynthia Froc
- Paris-Saclay Institute for Neuroscience (Neuro-PSI), UMR 9197, CNRS - Université Paris-Sud, Team Zebrafish Neurogenetics, Avenue de la Terrasse, F-91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Hannah Grunwald
- Paris-Saclay Institute for Neuroscience (Neuro-PSI), UMR 9197, CNRS - Université Paris-Sud, Team Zebrafish Neurogenetics, Avenue de la Terrasse, F-91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - William H.J. Norton
- Paris-Saclay Institute for Neuroscience (Neuro-PSI), UMR 9197, CNRS - Université Paris-Sud, Team Zebrafish Neurogenetics, Avenue de la Terrasse, F-91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France,Dept. Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Laure Bally-Cuif
- Paris-Saclay Institute for Neuroscience (Neuro-PSI), UMR 9197, CNRS - Université Paris-Sud, Team Zebrafish Neurogenetics, Avenue de la Terrasse, F-91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Unit Zebrafish Neurogenetics, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur and CNRS UMR3738, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France.
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Sukhanov I, Dorofeikova M, Dolgorukova A, Dorotenko A, Gainetdinov RR. Trace Amine-Associated Receptor 1 Modulates the Locomotor and Sensitization Effects of Nicotine. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:329. [PMID: 29681856 PMCID: PMC5898227 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) has emerged as a promising target for addiction treatments because it affects dopamine transmission in the mesolimbic pathway. TAAR1 is involved in the effects of addictive drugs, such as amphetamines, cocaine and ethanol, but the impact of TAAR1 on the effects of nicotine, the psychoactive drug responsible for the development and maintenance of tobacco smoking, has not yet been studied. This study was performed to investigate the possible modulatory action of TAAR1 on the effects of nicotine on locomotor behaviors in rats and mice. Pretreatment with the TAAR1 agonist RO5263397 dose-dependently decreased nicotine-induced hyperlocomotion in rats habituated to locomotor boxes, prevented the development of nicotine sensitization and blocked hypermotility in nicotine-sensitized rats at the highest tested dose (10 mg/kg). The lack of TAAR1 failed to affect the effects of nicotine on the locomotion of mutant mice. Based on the results of the present study, TAAR1 activation attenuates the locomotion-stimulating effects of nicotine on rats. These results further support the previously proposed hypothesis that TAAR1 is a promising target for the prevention and treatment of drug addiction. Further studies aimed at analyzing the effects of TAAR1 agonists on animal models of nicotine addiction are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Sukhanov
- Laboratory of Behavioral Pharmacology, Valdman Institute of Pharmacology, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia.,Laboratory of Neurochemical Pharmacology, Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Technologia, Genoa, Italy.,Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mariia Dorofeikova
- Laboratory of Behavioral Pharmacology, Valdman Institute of Pharmacology, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Antonina Dolgorukova
- Laboratory of Behavioral Pharmacology, Valdman Institute of Pharmacology, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Artem Dorotenko
- Laboratory of Behavioral Pharmacology, Valdman Institute of Pharmacology, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Raul R Gainetdinov
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia.,Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo Innovation Center, Moscow, Russia
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Naderi M, Jamwal A, Ferrari MCO, Niyogi S, Chivers DP. Dopamine receptors participate in acquisition and consolidation of latent learning of spatial information in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2016; 67:21-30. [PMID: 26772761 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There is growing appreciation that various aspects of learning and memory are strongly influenced by dopamine neurotransmission, and that zebrafish hold particular promise in the study of neurotransmitter systems. In this study, we sought to investigate the effect of dopamine receptors on acquisition and consolidation of memory in zebrafish using a latent learning paradigm. To this end, fish were subjected to a 30 min training trial each day for 16 days during which fish were allowed to freely explore a complex maze with the left or right path blocked and without the presence of a reward. During 16 days fish were treated with dopaminergic agonists (apomorphine, SKF-38393, and quinpirole) and antagonists (SCH-23390 and eticlopride) before or after training trials. To assess cognitive performance of fish, a subsequent probe trial was performed on day 17 while all paths leading to a reward chamber were open and the maze now contained stimulus fish as a reward. Pre- and post-training exposure to apomorphine, SKF-38393, and quinpirole significantly impaired learning and memory in fish. In contrast, fish exposed to eticlopride before and after training exhibited improved performance in a latent learning task. Administration of SCH-23390 before training did not affect zebrafish learning ability, but produced significant memory enhancement when given after training trials. Taken together, these findings are the first indications that D1 and D2 receptors are critically involved in acquisition and consolidation of latent learning in zebrafish, with a more prominent role for D2 receptors. The current study opens the door to future studies to investigate the involvement of dopamine receptors in various aspects of cognitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Naderi
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada.
| | - Ankur Jamwal
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Maud C O Ferrari
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Som Niyogi
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada; Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Douglas P Chivers
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
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Post-trial dopaminergic modulation of conditioned catalepsy: A single apomorphine induced increase/decrease in dopaminergic activation immediately following a conditioned catalepsy response can reverse/enhance a haloperidol conditioned and sensitized catalepsy response. Behav Brain Res 2016; 311:87-98. [PMID: 27173428 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Haloperidol can induce catalepsy and this drug effect can be conditioned as well as sensitized to contextual cues. We used a paired/unpaired Pavlovian conditioning protocol to establish haloperidol catalepsy conditioned and sensitized responses. Groups of rats were given 10 daily catalepsy tests following administration of vehicle (n=24) or haloperidol (1.0mg/kg) either paired (n=18) or unpaired (n=18) to testing. Subsequently, testing for conditioning was conducted and conditioning and sensitization of catalepsy were observed selectively in the paired group. Immediately following a second test for catalepsy conditioning, the groups were subdivided into 4 vehicle groups, 3 unpaired haloperidol groups and 3 paired haloperidol groups and were given one of three post-trial treatments (vehicle, 0.05mg/kg or 2.0mg/kg apomorphine). One day later the conditioned catalepsy test 3 was carried out and on the next day, a haloperidol challenge test was performed. The post-trial apomorphine treatments had major effects on the paired groups upon both conditioning and the haloperidol challenge test. The low dose apomorphine post-trial treatment enhanced both the conditioned and the haloperidol sensitized catalepsy responses. The high dose apomorphine post-trial treatment eliminated conditioned catalepsy and eliminated the initial acute catalepsy response to haloperidol that was induced in the vehicle control groups. These results demonstrate the sensitivity of conditioned drug cues to modification by increases/decreases in activity of the dopamine system in the immediate post-trial interval after a conditioning trial. This demonstration that post-trial dopaminergic drug treatments can modify conditioned drug behavior has broad implications for conditioned drug effects.
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Carey RJ, Damianopoulos EN. Serotonin and conditioning: focus on Pavlovian psychostimulant drug conditioning. Behav Brain Res 2015; 282:227-36. [PMID: 25446748 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin containing neurons are located in nuclei deep in the brainstem and send axons throughout the central nervous system from the spinal cord to the cerebral cortex. The vast scope of these connections and interactions enable serotonin and serotonin analogs to have profound effects upon sensory/motor processes. In that conditioning represents a neuroplastic process that leads to new sensory/motor connections, it is apparent that the serotonin system has the potential for a critical role in conditioning. In this article we review the basics of conditioning as well as the serotonergic system and point up the number of non-associative ways in which manipulations of serotonin neurotransmission have an impact upon conditioning. We focus upon psychostimulant drug conditioning and review the contribution of drug stimuli in the use of serotonin drugs to investigate drug conditioning and the important impact drug stimuli can have on conditioning by introducing new sensory stimuli that can create or mask a CS. We also review the ways in which experimental manipulations of serotonin can disrupt conditioned behavioral effects but not the associative processes in conditioning. In addition, we propose the use of the recently developed memory re-consolidation model of conditioning as an approach to assess the possible role of serotonin in associative processes without the complexities of performance effects related to serotonin treatment induced alterations in sensory/motor systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Carey
- Research Service and Development (151), VA Medical Center, 800 Irving Avenue, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Graduate School, SUNY Upstate Medical University at Syracuse, Syracuse, NY, USA.
| | - Ernest N Damianopoulos
- Research Service and Development (151), VA Medical Center, Room 326, 800 Irving Avenue, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
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A new proposal for drug conditioning with implications for drug addiction: The Pavlovian two-step from delay to trace conditioning. Behav Brain Res 2014; 275:150-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 08/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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de Mello Bastos JM, Dias FRC, Alves VHN, Carey RJ, Carrera MP. Drug memory substitution during re-consolidation: A single inhibitory autoreceptor apomorphine treatment given during psychostimulant memory re-consolidation replaces psychostimulant conditioning with conditioned inhibition and reverses psychostimulant sensitization. Behav Brain Res 2014; 260:139-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Differential effects of propranolol on conditioned hyperactivity and locomotor sensitization induced by morphine in rats. Sci Rep 2014; 4:3786. [PMID: 24445603 PMCID: PMC3896908 DOI: 10.1038/srep03786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
According to memory reconsolidation theory, when long-term memory is reactivated by relevant clues, the memory traces become labile, which can be altered by pharmacological manipulations. Accumulating evidence reveals that memory related to drug abuse can be erased by disrupting reconsolidation process. We used an animal model that could simultaneously measure conditioned hyperactivity and locomotor sensitization induced by morphine. β-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol or saline were administered following conditioned stimuli (CS) or a small dose of morphine reactivation. The results showed that the conditioned hyperactivity could be disrupted by propranolol treatment following CS reactivation. However, the expression of locomotor sensitization could not be disrupted by propranolol administration following CS or morphine reactivation. Furthermore, morphine injection and propranolol intervention enhanced the locomotor sensitization effect. These data suggest that blocking the reconsolidation process can disrupt the conditioned hyperactivity induced by environmental cues associated with morphine treatment, but not morphine-induced locomotor sensitization.
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Dias FRC, de Mello Bastos JM, de Fátima Dos Santos Sampaio M, Carey RJ, Carrera MP. Opposite effects of typical and atypical anti-psychotic drugs on sensitized dopamine receptors: sub-chronic low dose Olanzapine exposure reverses sensitization but a similar regimen of low dose haloperidol potentiates sensitization effects. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2013; 230:579-88. [PMID: 23846543 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-013-3184-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Both typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs are D2 receptor antagonists but yet appear to have markedly different effects upon the induction of dopamine sensitization. OBJECTIVE This study aims to compare the effects of subchronic regimens of low-dose olanzapine and haloperidol administered to rats previously sensitized to apomorphine. METHODS Initially, rats received apomorphine (2.0 mg/kg) or vehicle treatments for five consecutive days followed by a conditioning test and an apomorphine challenge test. Next, there was an antipsychotic exposure phase in which three vehicle groups and three apomorphine groups received 10 daily injections of either vehicle, haloperidol (0.03 mg/kg) or olanzapine (0.01 mg/kg). In the final phase, all groups were given a second conditioning test and apomorphine challenge test. RESULTS Apomorphine induced sensitization and conditioning effects. Following haloperidol exposure, apomorphine conditioned and sensitization effects were potentiated but, in contrast, olanzapine exposure eliminated apomorphine sensitization effects. In addition, the sensitization induced by apomorphine transformed the low-dose haloperidol treatment into a potent locomotor stimulant treatment. In the vehicle groups, haloperidol and olanzapine exposure effects were equivalent and not different from vehicle treatment. CONCLUSIONS The profound differences observed between typical and atypical antipsychotic exposure in animals with an upregulated dopamine system are consistent with clinical evidence for lower risk of psychomotor disturbances with chronic treatment with atypical antipsychotic. Importantly, the finding that a very low dose of olanzapine reversed sensitization effects suggests that low-dose olanzapine may have clinical utility in a variety of disorders linked to sensitization of the dopamine system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Regina Cruz Dias
- Behavioral Pharmacology Group, Laboratory of Animal Morphology and Pathology Animal, State University of North Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28013-602, RJ, Brazil
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Post-trial apomorphine at an autoreceptor dose level can eliminate apomorphine conditioning and sensitization: Support for the critical role of dopamine in re-consolidation. Behav Brain Res 2013; 236:244-250. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Wang YC, He BH, Chen CC, Huang ACW, Yeh YC. Gender differences in the effects of presynaptic and postsynaptic dopamine agonists on latent inhibition in rats. Neurosci Lett 2012; 513:114-8. [PMID: 22348862 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2012.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2011] [Revised: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated gender differences in the effects of presynaptic and postsynaptic DA agonists on latent inhibition in the passive avoidance paradigm. During the preexposure phase, 32 male and 32 female Wistar rats were exposed to a passive avoidance box (or a different context) and received drug injections in three trials: the control group received an injection of 10% ascorbic acid in a different context. The experimental groups received injections of 10% ascorbic acid (latent inhibition [LI] group), 1mg/kg of the postsynaptic DA D(1)/D(2) agonist apomorphine (APO group), and 1.5mg/kg of the presynaptic DA agonist methamphetamine (METH group) in a passive avoidance box. All experimental groups were placed in the light compartment of the passive avoidance box and were allowed to enter into the dark compartment to receive a footshock (1mA, 2s) in five trials over 5 days. The latency to enter into the dark compartment was recorded in these five trials. The latent inhibition occurred in the female LI group but not in the male LI group. Regardless of gender, the APO group exhibited an increase in latent inhibition. Male rats in the METH group exhibited a decrease in latent inhibition, but female rats in the METH group exhibited an increase in latent inhibition, indicating that the METH group exhibited sexual dimorphism. The gender factor interacted only with the METH group and not the LI or APO group. The present paper discusses whether gender, the postsynaptic DA D(1)/D(2) agonist APO, and presynaptic DA agonist METH may be related to schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chou Wang
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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