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Sattler A, Dunn J, Albarran M, Berger C, Calugar A, Carper J, Chirravuri L, Jawad N, Zein M, McGovern M. Asynchronous Versus Synchronous Screening for Depression and Suicidality in a Primary Health Care System: Quality Improvement Study. JMIR Ment Health 2024; 11:e50192. [PMID: 38712997 PMCID: PMC11082433 DOI: 10.2196/50192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Despite being a debilitating, costly, and potentially life-threatening condition, depression is often underdiagnosed and undertreated. Previsit Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) may help primary care health systems identify symptoms of severe depression and prevent suicide through early intervention. Little is known about the impact of previsit web-based PHQ-9 on patient care and safety. Objective We aimed to investigate differences among patient characteristics and provider clinical responses for patients who complete a web-based (asynchronous) versus in-clinic (synchronous) PHQ-9. Methods This quality improvement study was conducted at 33 clinic sites across 2 health systems in Northern California from November 1, 2020, to May 31, 2021, and evaluated 1683 (0.9% of total PHQs completed) records of patients endorsing thoughts that they would be better off dead or of self-harm (question 9 in the PHQ-9) following the implementation of a depression screening program that included automated electronic previsit PHQ-9 distribution. Patient demographics and providers' clinical response (suicide risk assessment, triage nurse connection, medication management, electronic consultation with psychiatrist, and referral to social worker or psychiatrist) were compared for patients with asynchronous versus synchronous PHQ-9 completion. Results Of the 1683 patients (female: n=1071, 63.7%; non-Hispanic: n=1293, 76.8%; White: n=831, 49.4%), Hispanic and Latino patients were 40% less likely to complete a PHQ-9 asynchronously (odds ratio [OR] 0.6, 95% CI 0.45-0.8; P<.001). Patients with Medicare insurance were 36% (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.51-0.79) less likely to complete a PHQ-9 asynchronously than patients with private insurance. Those with moderate to severe depression were 1.61 times more likely (95% CI 1.21-2.15; P=.001) to complete a PHQ-9 asynchronously than those with no or mild symptoms. Patients who completed a PHQ-9 asynchronously were twice as likely to complete a Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (OR 2.41, 95% CI 1.89-3.06; P<.001) and 77% less likely to receive a referral to psychiatry (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.16-0.34; P<.001). Those who endorsed question 9 "more than half the days" (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.06-2.48) and "nearly every day" (OR 2.38, 95% CI 1.38-4.12) were more likely to receive a referral to psychiatry than those who endorsed question 9 "several days" (P=.002). Conclusions Shifting depression screening from in-clinic to previsit led to a dramatic increase in PHQ-9 completion without sacrificing patient safety. Asynchronous PHQ-9 can decrease workload on frontline clinical team members, increase patient self-reporting, and elicit more intentional clinical responses from providers. Observed disparities will inform future improvement efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Sattler
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Julia Dunn
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Marleni Albarran
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Charlotte Berger
- Technology and Digital Solutions, Stanford Health Care, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Ana Calugar
- Department of Quality, Stanford Health Care, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - John Carper
- University Healthcare Alliance, Stanford, CA, United States
| | | | - Nadine Jawad
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Mira Zein
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Mark McGovern
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
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Cooper Z, Cleary S, Stelmach W, Zheng Z. Patient engagement in perioperative settings: A mixed method systematic review. J Clin Nurs 2023; 32:5865-5885. [PMID: 37073113 PMCID: PMC10946744 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.16709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient engagement has emerged as a key focus in the research literature to facilitate patients' recovery. The term is commonly used by researchers, yet without working definitions. This lack of clarity is further complicated by the interchangeable use of a few terms. OBJECTIVES This systematic review aimed at identifying how patient engagement was conceptualised and operationalised in perioperative settings. METHODS MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library were searched for publications in English discussing patient engagement during the perioperative phase. Three reviewers conducted study selection and methodological assessment using Joanna Briggs Institute mixed methods review framework. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyse qualitative data and descriptive analysis for quantitative data. FINDINGS Twenty-nine studies were included with a total sample of 6289. Study types included qualitative (n = 14) and quantitative (n = 15) with different types of surgery. Sample sizes ranged from n = 7 to n = 1315. Only 38% (n = 11) of included studies offered an explicit definition. Four themes associated with operationalisation included provision of information, which was most studied theme, communication, decision-making and action-taking behaviours. All four themes were interconnected and co-dependent on each other. CONCLUSIONS Patient engagement in perioperative settings is a complex and multifaceted concept. The conceptual void in the literature calls for more theoretically informed and comprehensive approaches to researching surgical patient engagement. Future research should aim to better understand the factors that influence patient engagement, as well as the impact of different forms of engagement on patient outcomes through the whole surgical journey of a patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Cooper
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)RMIT UniversityVictoriaBundooraAustralia
| | - Sonja Cleary
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)RMIT UniversityVictoriaBundooraAustralia
| | - Wanda Stelmach
- Department of SurgeryNorthern HealthVictoriaEppingAustralia
| | - Zhen Zheng
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)RMIT UniversityVictoriaBundooraAustralia
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Titlestad SB, Marcussen M, Rasmussen MS, Nørgaard B. Patient involvement in the encounter between general practice and patients with a chronic disease. Results of a scoping review focusing on type 2 diabetes and obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur J Gen Pract 2022; 28:260-269. [PMID: 36503359 DOI: 10.1080/13814788.2022.2153827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Research has shown improved health outcomes when patients are involved in managing their health conditions and when their individual needs are considered. OBJECTIVES This scoping review aimed to map the existing research regarding chronic disease patients' involvement in their encounters with general practice, with a specific focus on patients with Type 2 diabetes (TD2) or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and from the perspectives of both general practitioners and patients. METHODS Studies of any design, date, and language were included. A systematic search was conducted using the following databases: Medline, CINAHL, PsycInfo, Scopus, and EMBASE from August until October 2020 and renewed September 2021. Data were systematically charted by the following study characteristics: bibliographic aims; study aims; setting; area of interest; results; conclusion. RESULTS Eighteen studies were included; they conducted qualitative methods, surveys or mixed methods. From the patients' perspectives, the importance of being more involved in treatment discussions during consultations as well as a friendly environment, was underscored. A good relationship and relational continuity make it easier for patients to be more involved in treatment decisions. From the general practitioner (GP) perspectives, they mentioned their high workload, long-standing relationships, knowledge about the patients and prepared patients as factors influencing their ability to involve patients in treatment discussions. CONCLUSION A good GP-patient relationship was considered an important aspect to providing and facilitating for involvement of patients with COPD or TD2. Scoping review registration: https://osf.io/ynqt2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Marcussen
- Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Birgitte Nørgaard
- Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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4
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Bryant BL, Wang CH, Zinn ME, Rooney K, Henderson C, Monaghan M. Promoting High-Quality Health Communication Between Young Adults With Diabetes and Health Care Providers. Diabetes Spectr 2021; 34:345-356. [PMID: 34866867 PMCID: PMC8603123 DOI: 10.2337/dsi21-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Young adults with diabetes assume increasing responsibility for communicating with their health care providers, and engaging in high-quality health communication is an integral component of overall diabetes self-management. This article provides an overview of the main features of health communication, factors that may influence communication quality, interventions to promote communication skills, and practical strategies for clinicians working with young adults with diabetes. The review concludes with a comprehensive summary of future directions for health communication research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - M. Elizabeth Zinn
- George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC
- George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, DC
| | | | | | - Maureen Monaghan
- Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC
- George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC
- Corresponding author: Maureen Monaghan,
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5
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Kumah-Crystal YA, Stein PM, Chen Q, Lehmann CU, Novak LL, Roth S, Rosenbloom ST. Before-Visit Questionnaire: A Tool to Augment Communication and Decrease Provider Documentation Burden in Pediatric Diabetes. Appl Clin Inform 2021; 12:969-978. [PMID: 34670292 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1736223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop and evaluate an electronic tool that collects interval history and incorporates it into a provider summary note. METHODS A parent-facing online before-visit questionnaire (BVQ) collected information from parents and caregivers of pediatric diabetes patients prior to a clinic encounter. This information was related to interval history and perceived self-management barriers. The BVQ generated a summary note that providers could paste in their own documentation. Parents also completed postvisit experience questionnaires. We assessed the BVQs perceived usefulness to parents and providers and compared provider documentation content and length pre- and post-BVQ rollout. We interviewed providers regarding their experiences with the system-generated note. RESULTS Seventy-three parents of diabetic children were recruited and completed the BVQ. A total of 79% of parents stated that the BVQ helped with visit preparation and 80% said it improved perceived quality of visits. All 16 participating providers reviewed BVQs prior to patient encounters and 100% considered the summary beneficial. Most providers (81%) desired summaries less than 1 week old. A total of 69% of providers preferred the prose version of the summary; however, 75% also viewed the bulleted version as preferable for provider review. Analysis of provider notes revealed that BVQs increased provider documentation of patients' adherence and barriers. We observed a 50% reduction in typing by providers to document interval histories. Providers not using summaries typed an average of 137 words (standard deviation [SD]: 74) to document interval history compared with 68 words [SD 47] typed with BVQ use. DISCUSSION Providers and parents of children with diabetes appreciated the use of previsit, parent-completed BVQs that automatically produced provider documentation. Despite the BVQ redistributing work from providers to parents, its use was acceptable to both groups. CONCLUSION Parent-completed questionnaires on the patient's behalf that generate provider documentation encourage communication between parents and providers regarding disease management and reduce provider workload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaa A Kumah-Crystal
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Preston M Stein
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Qingxia Chen
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.,Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Christoph U Lehmann
- Clinical Informatics Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Laurie L Novak
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Sydney Roth
- College of Arts and Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - S Trent Rosenbloom
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
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BERRY ANDREWB, LIM CATHERINEY, LIANG CALVINA, HARTZLER ANDREAL, HIRSCH TAD, FERGUSON DAWNM, BERMET ZOEA, RALSTON JAMESD. Supporting collaborative reflection on personal values and health. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACM ON HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION 2021; 5:1-39. [PMID: 36644216 PMCID: PMC9837878 DOI: 10.1145/3476040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
People with multiple chronic conditions (MCC) need support to identify and articulate how their personal values relate to their health. We drew on previous research involving people with MCC to develop three prototypes for supporting reflection on relationships between values and health. We tested these prototypes in a qualitative study involving 12 people with MCC. We identified benefits and limitations to building on patients' existing visit-preparation practices; revealed varying levels of comfort with deep, exploratory reflection involving a facilitator; and found that reflection oriented toward the future could elicit hopeful attitudes and plans for change, while reflection on the past elicited strong resistance. We discuss these findings in relation to previous literature on designing for reflection in three areas: shifting between self-guided and facilitator-guided reflection, balancing between outcome-oriented and exploratory reflection, and exploring temporality in reflection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - ZOE A BERMET
- KAISER PERMANENTE WASHINGTON HEALTH RESEARCH INSTITUTE, SEATTLE WA
| | - JAMES D RALSTON
- KAISER PERMANENTE WASHINGTON HEALTH RESEARCH INSTITUTE, SEATTLE WA
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7
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Catapan SDC, Nair U, Gray L, Cristina Marino Calvo M, Bird D, Janda M, Fatehi F, Menon A, Russell A. Same goals, different challenges: A systematic review of perspectives of people with diabetes and healthcare professionals on Type 2 diabetes care. Diabet Med 2021; 38:e14625. [PMID: 34154035 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To identify the views of people with Type 2 diabetes (PWD) and healthcare professionals (HCP) about diabetes care. METHODS A systematic review of qualitative studies reporting both groups' views using thematic synthesis frameworked by the eHealth Enhanced Chronic Care Model was conducted. RESULTS We searched six electronic databases between 2010 and 2020, identified 6999 studies and included 21. Thirty themes were identified with in general complementary views between PWD and HCP. PWD and HCP find lifestyle changes challenging and get frustrated when PWD struggle to achieve it. Good self-management requires a trustful PWD-HCP relationship. Diabetes causes distress and often HCP focus on clinical aspects. They value diabetes education. PWD require broader, tailored, consistent and ongoing information, but HCPs do not have enough time for providing it. There is need for diabetes training for primary HCP. Shared decision making can mitigate PWD's fears. Different sources of social support can influence PWD's ability to self-manage and PWD/HCP suggest online peer groups. PWD/HCP indicate lack of communication and collaboration between HCP. PWD's and HCP's views about quality in diabetes care differ. They believe that comprehensive, multidisciplinary and locally provided care can help to achieve better outcomes. They recognise digital health benefits, with room for personal interaction (PWD) and eHealth literacy improvements (HCP). Evidence-based guidelines are important but can detract from personalised care. CONCLUSION We hypothesise that including PWD's and HCP's complementary views, multidisciplinary teams and digital tools in the redesign of Type 2 diabetes care can help with overcoming some of the challenges and achieving common goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraia de Camargo Catapan
- Public Health Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
- Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Uthara Nair
- Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Len Gray
- Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Dominique Bird
- Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Monika Janda
- Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Farhad Fatehi
- Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anish Menon
- Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Metro South Health, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Anthony Russell
- Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Metro South Health, Brisbane, Australia
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8
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Holdsworth LM, Park C, Asch SM, Lin S. Technology-Enabled and Artificial Intelligence Support for Pre-Visit Planning in Ambulatory Care: Findings From an Environmental Scan. Ann Fam Med 2021; 19:419-426. [PMID: 34546948 PMCID: PMC8437572 DOI: 10.1370/afm.2716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Pre-visit planning (PVP) is believed to improve effectiveness, efficiency, and experience of care, yet numerous implementation barriers exist. There are opportunities for technology-enabled and artificial intelligence (AI) support to augment existing human-driven PVP processes-from appointment reminders and pre-visit questionnaires to pre-visit order sets and care gap closures. This study aimed to explore the current state of PVP, barriers to implementation, evidence of impact, and potential use of non-AI and AI tools to support PVP. METHODS We used an environmental scan approach involving: (1) literature review; (2) key informant interviews with PVP experts in ambulatory care; and (3) a search of the public domain for technology-enabled and AI solutions that support PVP. We then synthesized the findings using a qualitative matrix analysis. RESULTS We found 26 unique PVP implementations in the literature and conducted 16 key informant interviews. Demonstration of impact is typically limited to process outcomes, with improved patient outcomes remaining elusive. Our key informants reported that many PVP barriers are human effort-related and see potential for non-AI and AI technologies to support certain aspects of PVP. We identified 8 examples of commercially available technology-enabled tools that support PVP, some with AI capabilities; however, few of these have been independently evaluated. CONCLUSIONS As health systems transition toward value-based payment models in a world where the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has shifted patient care into the virtual space, PVP activities-driven by humans and supported by technology-may become more important and powerful and should be rigorously evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Holdsworth
- Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Chance Park
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Steven M Asch
- Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,Center for Innovation to Implementation, Veterans Affairs, Menlo Park, California
| | - Steven Lin
- Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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9
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Gholamzadeh M, Abtahi H, Ghazisaeeidi M. Applied techniques for putting pre-visit planning in clinical practice to empower patient-centered care in the pandemic era: a systematic review and framework suggestion. BMC Health Serv Res 2021; 21:458. [PMID: 33985502 PMCID: PMC8116646 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-021-06456-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background One of the main elements of patient-centered care is an enhancement of patient preparedness. Thus, pre-visit planning assessment tools was emerged to prepare and involve patients in their treatment process. Objective The main objective of this article was to review the applied tools and techniques for consideration of putting pre-visit planning into practice. Methods Web of Science, Scopus, IEEE, and PubMed databases were searched using keywords from January 2001 to November 2020. The review was completed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist. Then, qualitative analysis was done to suggest an appropriate framework by mapping the main concepts. Results Out of 385 citations were retrieved in initial database searches, 49 studies from ten countries were included. Applied pre-visit techniques can be classified into eight categories. Our results showed that almost 81% of studies were related to procedures that were done between each visit, while 42% of articles were related to before visits. Accordingly, the main approach of included articles was patient preparedness. While 38 studies reported this approach is effective, three studies reported the effectiveness of such tools as moderate, only two articles believed it had a low effect on improving patient-centered care. Conclusion This survey summarized the characteristics of published studies on pre-visit planning in the proposed framework. This approach could enhance the quality of patient care alongside enhancement patient-provider communication. However, such an approach can also be helpful to control pandemic diseases by reducing unnecessary referrals. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12913-021-06456-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marsa Gholamzadeh
- Health Information Management Department, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 5th Floor, Fardanesh Alley, Qods Ave, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Abtahi
- Pulmonary and Critical care Medicine Department, Thoracic Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Ghazisaeeidi
- Health Information Management Department, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 5th Floor, Fardanesh Alley, Qods Ave, Tehran, Iran.
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10
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Schalet BD, Reise SP, Zulman DM, Lewis ET, Kimerling R. Psychometric evaluation of a patient-reported item bank for healthcare engagement. Qual Life Res 2021; 30:2363-2374. [PMID: 33835412 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-021-02824-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Healthcare engagement is a core measurement target for efforts to improve healthcare systems. This construct is broadly defined as the extent to which healthcare services represent collaborative partnerships with patients. Previous qualitative work operationalized healthcare engagement as generalized self-efficacy in four related subdomains: self-management, collaborative communication, health information use, and healthcare navigation. Building on this work, our objective was to establish a healthcare engagement instrument that is sufficiently unidimensional to yield a single score. METHOD We conducted cognitive interviews followed by a nation-wide mail survey of US Veteran Administration (VA) healthcare users. Data were collected on 49 candidate healthcare engagement items, as well as measures of self-efficacy for managing symptoms, provider communication, and perceived access. Items were subjected to exploratory bifactor, statistical learning, and IRT analyses. RESULTS Cognitive interviews were completed by 56 patients and 9552 VA healthcare users with chronic conditions completed the mail survey. Participants were mostly white and male but with sizable minority participation. Psychometric analyses and content considerations reduced the item pool to 23 items, which demonstrated a strong general factor (OmegaH of .89). IRT analyses revealed a high level of reliability across the trait range and little DIF across groups. Most health information use items were removed during analyses, suggesting a more independent role for this domain. CONCLUSION We provide quantitative evidence for a relatively unidimensional measure of healthcare engagement. Despite developed with VA healthcare users, the measure is intended for general use. Future work includes short-form development and validation with other patient groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Schalet
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA.
| | - Steven P Reise
- Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Donna M Zulman
- Center for Innovation to Implementation, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Menlo Park, USA.,Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA
| | - Eleanor T Lewis
- Center for Innovation to Implementation, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Menlo Park, USA
| | - Rachel Kimerling
- National Center for PTSD, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Menlo Park, USA.,Center for Innovation to Implementation, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Menlo Park, USA
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11
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Lussier MT, Richard C, Binta Diallo F, Boivin N, Hudon C, Boustani É, Witteman H, Jbilou J. I am ready to see you now, Doctor! A mixed-method study of the Let's Discuss Health website implementation in Primary Care. Health Expect 2020; 24:243-256. [PMID: 33285012 PMCID: PMC8077096 DOI: 10.1111/hex.13158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Let's Discuss Health (LDH) is a website that encourages patients to prepare their health‐care encounters by providing communication training, review of topics and questions that are important to them. Objective To describe LDH implementation during primary care (PC) visits for chronic illnesses. Methods Design: Descriptive mixed‐method study. Setting: 6 PC clinics. Participants: 156 patients and 51 health‐care providers (HCP). Intervention: LDH website implementation. Outcome Measures: Perceived quality and usefulness of LDH; perceived quality of HCP‐patient communication; patient activation; LDH integration in routine PC practices and barriers to its use. Results Patients reported a positive perception of the website in that it helped them to adopt an active role in the encounters; recall their visit agenda and reduce encounter‐related stress; feel more confident to ask questions, feel more motivated to prepare their future medical visits and improve their chronic illness management. However, a certain disconnect emerged between HCP and patient perceptions as to the value of LDH in promoting a sense of partnership and collaboration. The main barriers to the use of LDH are HCP lack of interest, limited access to technology, lack of time and language barriers. Conclusion Our findings indicate that it is advantageous for patients to prepare their medical encounters. However, the study needs to be replicated in other medical environments using larger and more diverse samples. Patient and Public Contribution Patient partners were involved in the conduct of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Thérèse Lussier
- Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Laval Integrated Health and Social Services Centre (Centre de santé et des services sociaux de Laval), Groupe de recherche sur les transformations des pratiques cliniques et organisationnelles, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Claude Richard
- Laval Integrated Health and Social Services Centre (Centre de santé et des services sociaux de Laval), Groupe de recherche sur les transformations des pratiques cliniques et organisationnelles, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Fatoumata Binta Diallo
- Laval Integrated Health and Social Services Centre (Centre de santé et des services sociaux de Laval), Groupe de recherche sur les transformations des pratiques cliniques et organisationnelles, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Nathalie Boivin
- École réseau de Science infirmière (ÉRSI), University of Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Catherine Hudon
- Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Élie Boustani
- Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Holly Witteman
- Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine, Laval University, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Jalila Jbilou
- Centre de formation médicale du Nouveau Brunswick, Université de Sherbrooke, École de psychologie, University of Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada
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12
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Guilcher SJT, Everall AC, Patel T, Packer TL, Hitzig SL, Cimino SR, Lofters AK. "The strategies are the same, the problems may be different": a qualitative study exploring the experiences of healthcare and service providers with medication therapy management for individuals with spinal cord injury/dysfunction. BMC Neurol 2020; 20:20. [PMID: 31941437 PMCID: PMC6961330 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-019-1550-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Persons with spinal cord injury/dysfunction (SCI/D) often take multiple medications to treat their secondary complications and chronic conditions (multimorbidity). Multiple healthcare and service providers are often involved in care, which can result in increased risk of fragmentation of care. Optimal medication therapy management (MTM) is essential to ensure therapeutic benefit from medication regimens. However, little is known about the experiences of providers in supporting persons with SCI/D with MTM. Methods Telephone interviews were conducted to explore healthcare and service providers’ experiences with MTM for persons with SCI/D. Participants were recruited through clinical organizations and researchers’ personal contacts. Participants were purposefully selected for diversity in profession and were required to be English speaking and to have provided care to at least one person with SCI/D. The qualitative interviews followed a semi-structured interview guide. Data display matrices were used in a constant comparative process for descriptive and interpretive analysis. Results Thirty-two interviews were conducted from April to December 2018. Each profession had distinct views on their roles in facilitating MTM for persons with SCI/D, which aligned with their respective scopes of practice. Shared provider tasks included tailoring medications, providing education, and exploring medication alternatives. Most participants felt that the care they provided for persons with SCI/D was similar to the care that they provided to other patients, with some differences relating to the physical limitations and medical complexity associated with SCI/D. Five factors were identified that impacted participants’ abilities to provide MTM for persons with SCI/D: patient self-management skills, provider knowledge and confidence, provider-patient relationships, interprofessional collaboration, and provider funding models including the use of technology-supported consultations. Conclusion While participants described commonalities in the barriers and enablers associated with providing MTM to persons with SCI/D and other populations, there were unique considerations identified. These SCI/D-specific considerations resulted in recommendations for improvements in MTM for this population. Future research should include perspectives from persons with SCI/D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara J T Guilcher
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. .,Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. .,Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Amanda C Everall
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tejal Patel
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, Kitchener, Canada.,Department of Family Medicine, DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Tanya L Packer
- Schools of Occupational Therapy and Health Administration, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Sander L Hitzig
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,St. John's Rehab Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Stephanie R Cimino
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,St. John's Rehab Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Aisha K Lofters
- Women's College Hospital, Family Practice Health Centre, Toronto, Canada
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13
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Varni JW, Delamater AM, Hood KK, Driscoll KA, Wong JC, Adi S, Yi-Frazier JP, Grishman EK, Faith MA, Corathers SD, Kichler JC, Miller JL, Raymond JK, Doskey EM, Aguirre V, Heffer RW, Wilson DP. Diabetes management mediating effects between diabetes symptoms and health-related quality of life in adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes 2018; 19:1322-1330. [PMID: 29927039 PMCID: PMC6641859 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The primary objective was to investigate the mediating effects of diabetes management in the relationship between diabetes symptoms and generic health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with type 1 diabetes. The secondary objective explored patient health communication and perceived treatment adherence barriers as mediators in a serial multiple mediator model. METHODS The PedsQL 3.2 Diabetes Module 15-item diabetes symptoms summary score, 18-item diabetes management summary score, and PedsQL 4.0 generic core scales were completed in a 10-site national field test study by 418 AYA aged 13 to 25 years with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes symptoms and diabetes management were tested for bivariate and multivariate linear associations with overall generic HRQOL. Mediational analyses were conducted to test the hypothesized mediating effects of diabetes management as an intervening variable between diabetes symptoms and generic HRQOL. RESULTS The predictive effects of diabetes symptoms on HRQOL were mediated in part by diabetes management. In predictive analytics models utilizing multiple regression analyses, demographic and clinical covariates, diabetes symptoms, and diabetes management significantly accounted for 53% of the variance in generic HRQOL (P < 0.001), demonstrating a large effect size. Patient health communication and perceived treatment adherence barriers were significant mediators in an exploratory serial multiple mediator model. CONCLUSIONS Diabetes management explains in part the effects of diabetes symptoms on HRQOL in AYA with type 1 diabetes. Patient health communication to healthcare providers and perceived treatment adherence barriers further explain the mechanism in the relationship between diabetes symptoms and overall HRQOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Varni
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, College of Architecture, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Alan M Delamater
- Department of Pediatrics, Mailman Center for Child Development, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Korey K Hood
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Kimberly A Driscoll
- Department of Pediatrics, Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado
| | - Jenise C Wong
- The Madison Clinic for Pediatric Diabetes and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Saleh Adi
- The Madison Clinic for Pediatric Diabetes and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Ellen K Grishman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Melissa A Faith
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Sarah D Corathers
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jessica C Kichler
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jennifer L Miller
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jennifer K Raymond
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes, & Metabolism, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Elena M Doskey
- Department of Educational Psychology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Vincent Aguirre
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Robert W Heffer
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Don P Wilson
- Cook Children’s Medical Center, Fort Worth, Texas
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14
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Frequently asked questions of individuals with spinal cord injuries: results of a web-based consultation service in Iran. Spinal Cord Ser Cases 2018; 4:50. [PMID: 29951275 DOI: 10.1038/s41394-018-0085-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Study design Descriptive study of the results of a web-based consultation service for individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). Objectives To review frequently asked questions (FAQ) among individuals with SCI and determine the most important topics. Setting Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Methods A cross-sectional study reviewing questions from patients with SCI that were collected from the Health and Safety Consultant Center (HSCC) between January and December 2015. The HSCC is a web-based medical consultation service that provides patients with information and counseling pertaining to SCI. Results A total of 113 questions were collected from 99 individuals. The mean age was 32.02 ± 13.28 years with a range of 3-70 years. Men accounted for 81.7% of the questions, while women accounted for 18.3%. The most common site of SCI was thoracic (40.6%), followed by lumbar (31.3%), and cervical (28.1%). Recovery potential (38.1%), sexual and reproductive issues (26.5%), urinary (10.6%), and motor (10.6%) problems were among the most commonly reviewed topics. Conclusions FAQ provide insight on areas of concerns for individuals with SCI and help guide providers to determine high-yield topics. Discerning the specific areas of need or concern for patients is instrumental in developing pertinent educational materials and programs, in addition to efficiently counseling patients and caregivers on the aftercare of SCI.
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15
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Effectiveness of joint specialist case conferences for building general practice capacity to enhance diabetes care. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATED CARE 2018. [DOI: 10.1108/jica-09-2017-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
Type 2 diabetes mellitus has become a major concern of Australian healthcare providers. From rates of barely more than 1 percent in the mid-90s, diabetes is now the leading cause of morbidity in the country. To combat the growing diabetes epidemic, Western Sydney Local Health District created the Western Sydney Diabetes (WSD) initiative. One of the key components of the WSD initiative since 2014 has been joint specialist case conferencing (JSCC). The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the JSCC service including both individual- and practice-based changes.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors evaluated the JSCC program by conducting an analysis of patient-level data in addition to a discrete practice-level study. The study aim was to examine both the effect on individual patients and the practice, as well as acceptability of the program for both doctors and their patients. The evaluation included data collection and analysis of primary patient outcomes, as well as a survey of GPs and patients. Patient data on primary outcomes were obtained by accessing and downloading them through GP practice management software by GP practice staff.
Findings
The authors found significant improvements at both the patient levels, with reductions in BMI, HbA1c and blood pressure sustained at three years, and at the practice level with improvements in markers of patient management. The authors also found high acceptability of the program from both patients and GPs.
Originality/value
This paper provides good evidence for the use of a JSCC program to improve diabetes management in primary care through capacity building with GPs.
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16
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Berry ABL, Lim C, Hartzler AL, Hirsch T, Ludman E, Wagner EH, Ralston JD. Eliciting Values of Patients with Multiple Chronic Conditions: Evaluation of a Patient-centered Framework. AMIA ... ANNUAL SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS. AMIA SYMPOSIUM 2018; 2017:430-439. [PMID: 29854107 PMCID: PMC5977727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Patients with multiple chronic conditions often face competing demands for care, and they often do not agree with physicians on priorities for care. Patients ' values shape their healthcare priorities, but existing methods for eliciting values do not necessarily meet patients ' care planning needs. We developed a patient-centered values framework based on a field study with patients and caregivers. In this paper we report on a survey to evaluate how the framework generalizes beyond field study participants, and how well the framework supports values elicitation. We found that respondents frame values in a way that is consistent with the framework, and that domains of the framework can be used to elicit a breadth of potential values individuals with MCC express. These findings demonstrate how a patient-centered perspective on values can expand on the domains considered in values clarification methods andfacilitate patient-provider communication in establishing shared care priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Catherine Lim
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andrea L Hartzler
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tad Hirsch
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Evette Ludman
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Edward H Wagner
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James D Ralston
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
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17
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'The Hand on the Doorknob': Visit Agenda Setting by Complex Patients and Their Primary Care Physicians. J Am Board Fam Med 2018; 31:29-37. [PMID: 29330237 PMCID: PMC5893137 DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2018.01.170167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Choosing which issues to discuss in the limited time available during primary care visits is an important task for complex patients with chronic conditions. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We conducted sequential interviews with complex patients (n = 40) and their primary care physicians (n = 17) from 3 different health systems to investigate how patients and physicians prepare for visits, how visit agendas are determined, and how discussion priorities are established during time-limited visits. KEY RESULTS Visit flow and alignment were enhanced when both patients and physicians were effectively prepared before the visit, when the patient brought up highest-priority items first, the physician and patient worked together at the beginning of the visit to establish the visit agenda, and other team members contributed to agenda setting. A range of factors were identified that undermined the ability of patient and physicians to establish an efficient working agenda: the most prominent were time pressure and short visit lengths, but also included differing visit expectations, patient hesitancy to bring up embarrassing concerns, electronic medical record/documentation requirements, differences balancing current symptoms versus future medical risk, nonactionable items, differing philosophies about medications and lifestyle interventions, and difficulty by patients in prioritizing their top concerns. CONCLUSIONS Primary care patients and their physicians adopt a range of different strategies to address the time constraints during visits. The primary factor that supported well-aligned visits was the ability for patients and physicians to proactively negotiate the visit agenda at the beginning of the visit. Efforts to optimize care within time-constrained systems should focus on helping patients more effectively prepare for visits. Physicians should ask for the patient's agenda early, explain visit parameters, establish a reasonable number of concerns that can be discussed, and collaborate on a plan to deal with concerns that cannot be addressed during the visit.
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18
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Berry ABL, Lim C, Hartzler AL, Hirsch T, Ludman E, Wagner EH, Ralston JD. Creating Conditions for Patients' Values to Emerge in Clinical Conversations: Perspectives of Health Care Team Members. DIS. DESIGNING INTERACTIVE SYSTEMS (CONFERENCE) 2017; 2017:1165-1174. [PMID: 28890950 PMCID: PMC5589444 DOI: 10.1145/3064663.3064669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Eliciting, understanding, and honoring patients' values- the things most important to them in daily life-is a cornerstone of patient-centered care. However, this rarely occurs explicitly as a routine part of clinical practice. This is particularly problematic for individuals with multiple chronic conditions (MCC) because they face difficult choices about how to balance competing demands for self-care in accordance with their values. In this study, we sought to inform the design of interventions to support conversations about patient values between patients with MCC and their health care providers. We conducted a field study that included observations of 21 clinic visits for patients who have MCC, and interviews with 16 care team members involved in those visits. This paper contributes a practice-based account of ways in which providers engage with patient values, and discusses how future work in interactive systems design might extend and enrich these engagements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Catherine Lim
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health, Research Institute, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Andrea L Hartzler
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health, Research Institute, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Tad Hirsch
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Evette Ludman
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health, Research Institute, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Edward H Wagner
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health, Research Institute, Seattle, WA USA
| | - James D Ralston
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health, Research Institute, Seattle, WA USA
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