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Chu ESM, Wu RWK, Huang Z. Potential therapeutic efficacy of photodynamic therapy on female hormonal-dependent cancers in a hormonal simulated microenvironment. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 45:103998. [PMID: 38316340 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.103998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is a clinically approved cancer treatment. Sex hormones, the key drivers for the development of female hormonal dependent cancers, might affect cancer treatment. There are seldom studies to evaluate the effect of sex hormones mimicked the menstrual cycle on the PDT mediated by prodrug 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and its ester derivatives to the hormonal dependent cancers. AIMS To evaluate the efficacy of sex hormones on Hexyl-ALA-PDT in hormonal dependent cancers and the effect of the sex hormones on heme biosynthetic pathway. METHODS Cell culture system that mimicked the fluctuation of sex hormones 17β-estradiol (E2) and progesterone (PG) in the menstrual cycle was developed. Two pairs of hormonal-independent and hormonal dependent uterine sarcoma and breast cancer cell lines were used as cell models. Hexyl-ALA induced PpIX production and intracellular localization were examined. Key enzymes for PpIX synthesis were analysed. Hexyl-ALA-PDT mediated phototoxicity was evaluated. RESULTS The PpIX generation was increased in the hormonal-dependent cells (28-50 %) when cultured in the hormonal microenvironment with long incubation of Hexyl-ALA for 15 and 24 h compared to that cultured without hormones; whereas only slight difference in PpIX generation in their hormonal-independent counterpart. The PpIX generation was in a time-dependent manner. The CPOX, PPOX and FECH expressions were significantly enhanced by Hexyl-ALA-PDT in uterine sarcoma cells in hormonal microenvironment. Hexyl-ALA-PDT triggered significant increase of PPOX expression in breast cancer cells in hormonal microenvironment. The Hexyl-ALA-PDT phototoxicity was enhanced by 18-40 % in cells cultured in the hormonal system in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION The PpIX generation and the efficacy of Hexyl-ALA-PDT in both uterine sarcoma and breast cancer cells was significantly enhanced by the sex hormones via cultured in the hormonal microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ricky Wing-Kei Wu
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Zheng Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Photonics Science and Technology for Medicine, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
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2
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Wu R, Yuen J, Cheung E, Huang Z, Chu E. Review of three-dimensional spheroid culture models of gynecological cancers for photodynamic therapy research. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 45:103975. [PMID: 38237651 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.103975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a specific cancer treatment with minimal side effects. However, it remains challenging to apply PDT clinically, partially due to the difficulty of translating research findings to clinical settings as the conventional 2D cell models used for in vitro research are accepted as less physiologically relevant to a solid tumour. 3D spheroids offer a better model for testing PDT mechanisms and efficacy, particularly on photosensitizer uptake, cellular and subcellular distribution and interaction with cellular oxygen consumption. 3D spheroids are usually generated by scaffold-free and scaffold-based methods and are accepted as physiologically relevant models for PDT anticancer research. Scaffold-free methods offer researchers advantages including high efficiency, reproducible, and controlled microenvironment. While the scaffold-based methods offer an extracellular matrix-like 3D scaffold with the necessary architecture and chemical mediators to support the spheroid formation, the natural scaffold used may limit its usage because of low reproducibility due to patch-to-patch variation. Many studies show that the 3D spheroids do offer advantages to gynceologcial cancer PDT investigation. This article will provide a review of the applications of 3D spheroid culture models for the PDT research of gynaecological cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rwk Wu
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
| | - Jwm Yuen
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Eyw Cheung
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Tung Wah College, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Z Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Photonics Science and Technology for Medicine, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Esm Chu
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Tung Wah College, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
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3
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Luan Y, Li L, Xun X, Wang Y, Wei X, Zheng Y, Fan Z, Sun X. A Microfluidic System for Detecting Tumor Cells Based on Biomarker Hexaminolevulinate (HAL): Applications in Pleural Effusion. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:771. [PMID: 37421004 DOI: 10.3390/mi14040771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Malignant pleural effusion is a common clinical problem, which often occurs in cases of malignant tumors, especially in lung cancer. In this paper, a pleural effusion detection system based on a microfluidic chip, combined with specific tumor biomarker, hexaminolevulinate (HAL), used to concentrate and identify tumor cells in pleural effusion was reported. The lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 and mesothelial cell line Met-5A were cultured as the tumor cells and non-tumor cells, respectively. The optimum enrichment effect was achieved in the microfluidic chip when the flow rates of cell suspension and phosphate-buffered saline achieved 2 mL/h and 4 mL/h, respectively. At the optimal flow rate, the proportion of A549 increased from 28.04% to 70.01% due to the concentration effect of the chip, indicating that tumor cells could be enriched by a factor of 2.5 times. In addition, HAL staining results revealed that HAL can be used to identify tumor cells and non-tumor cells in chip and clinical samples. Additionally, the tumor cells obtained from the patients diagnosed with lung cancer were confirmed to be captured in the microfluidic chip, proving the validity of the microfluidic detection system. This study preliminarily demonstrates the microfluidic system is a promising method with which to assist clinical detection in pleural effusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Luan
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, China
| | - Xiaoyi Xun
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, China
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, China
| | - Xinyue Wei
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, China
| | - Yuqun Zheng
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, China
| | - Zhijuan Fan
- Department of Laboratory, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin 300170, China
| | - Xuguo Sun
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, China
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4
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You Y, Niu Y, Zhang J, Huang S, Ding P, Sun F, Wang X. U0126: Not only a MAPK kinase inhibitor. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:927083. [PMID: 36091807 PMCID: PMC9452634 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.927083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
U0126, as an inhibitor of the MAPK signaling pathway, is closely related to various biological processes, such as differentiation, cell growth, autophagy, apoptosis, and stress responses. It makes U0126 play an essential role in balancing cellular homeostasis. Although U0126 has been suggested to inhibit various cancers, its complete mechanisms have not been clarified in cancers. This review summarized the most recent and relevant research on the many applications of U0126 and described its role and mechanisms in different cancer cell types. Moreover, some acknowledged functions of U0126 researched in the laboratory were listed in our review. We discussed the probability of using U0126 to restain cancers or suppress the MAPK pathway as a novel way of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie You
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital Chongming Branch, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunlian Niu
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Chongming Branch, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital Chongming Branch, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital Chongming Branch, Shanghai, China
| | - Peiyuan Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital Chongming Branch, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengbing Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital Chongming Branch, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Fengbing Sun, ; Xuhui Wang,
| | - Xuhui Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital Chongming Branch, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, The Cranial Nerve Disease Center of Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Fengbing Sun, ; Xuhui Wang,
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5
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Fang S, Wu Y, Zhang H, Zeng Q, Wang P, Zhang L, Yan G, Zhang G, Wang X. Molecular characterization of gene expression changes in murine cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma after 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 39:102907. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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6
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Liu H, Xu Y, Wang Y, Liu C, Chen J, Fan S, Xie L, Dong Y, Chen S, Zhou W, Li Y. Study on endocrine disruption effect of paclobutrazol and uniconazole on the thyroid of male and female rats based on lipidomics. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 234:113386. [PMID: 35286959 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of paclobutrazol and uniconazole on thyroid endocrine system in rats. Lipidomic analysis was performed to obtain the biomarkers of thyroid endocrine disruption induced by paclobutrazol and uniconazole. Network pharmacology was further used to discover potential targets of biomarkers related to drugs and diseases. After paclobutrazol and uniconazole administration, seven and four common biomarkers related to thyroid endocrine disruption for female and male rats were obtained, respectively. Paclobutrazol and uniconazole significantly increased the biomarker levels of PG (12:0/15:0), PS (14:0/16:0), PA (20:1/15:0) and PG (13:0/17:0) in both sexes of rats. Exposure to paclobutrazol additionally caused a significant decrease of PG (22:6/20:2), PE (24:1/18:1) and PE (24:0/18:0) in female rats, while an increase in male rats. Changes of the common biomarkers for paclobutrazol and uniconazole revealed similar endocrine disruption effect, which was higher in the females. Network pharmacology and KEGG pathway analysis indicated that the thyroid endocrine disrupting effects of paclobutrazol and uniconazole may be related to V-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog (Akts), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), IGF-IR and V-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF). The results demonstrated that paclobutrazol and uniconazole could cause thyroid endocrine disorders in male and female rats, which were sex-specific, thus highlighting the importance of safe and effective application of these plant growth regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10, Poyang Lake Road, West Zone, Tuanbo New City, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yanyan Xu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10, Poyang Lake Road, West Zone, Tuanbo New City, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yuming Wang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10, Poyang Lake Road, West Zone, Tuanbo New City, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Chunyang Liu
- National Aquatic Germplasm Resources Conservation Area Management Office in Qinhuangdao, Daihe Fishing Port, West Beach Road, Beidaihe District, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066000, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Animal Health Supervision Office in Qinhuangdao, No. 52, Guancheng South Road, Shanhaiguan District, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066000, China
| | - Simiao Fan
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10, Poyang Lake Road, West Zone, Tuanbo New City, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Lijuan Xie
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10, Poyang Lake Road, West Zone, Tuanbo New City, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yaqian Dong
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10, Poyang Lake Road, West Zone, Tuanbo New City, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10, Poyang Lake Road, West Zone, Tuanbo New City, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Wenjie Zhou
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10, Poyang Lake Road, West Zone, Tuanbo New City, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yubo Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10, Poyang Lake Road, West Zone, Tuanbo New City, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China.
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7
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Frant MP, Trytek M, Paduch R. Assessing the In Vitro Activity of Selected Porphyrins in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27062006. [PMID: 35335367 PMCID: PMC8955395 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27062006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Standard in vitro analyses determining the activity of different compounds included in the chemotherapy of colon cancer are currently insufficient. New ideas, such as photodynamic therapy (PDT), may bring tangible benefits. The aim of this study was to show that the biological activity of selected free-base and manganese (III) metallated porphyrins differs in the limitation of colon cancer cell growth in vitro. White light irradiation was also hypothesized to initiate a photodynamic effect on tested porphyrins. Manganese porphyrin (>1 μM) significantly decreased the viability of the colon tumor and normal colon epithelial cells, both in light/lack of light conditions, while decreasing a free-base porphyrin after only 3 min of white light irradiation. Both porphyrins interacted with cytostatics in an antagonistic manner. The manganese porphyrin mainly induced apoptosis and necrosis in the tumor, and apoptosis in the normal cells, regardless of light exposure conditions. The free-base porphyrin conducted mainly apoptosis and autophagy. Normal and tumor cells released low levels of IL-1β and IL-10. Tumor cells released a low level of IL-6. Light conditions and porphyrins were influenced at the cytokine level. Tested manganese (III) metallated and free-base porphyrins differ in their activity against human colon cancer cells. The first showed no photodynamic, but a toxic activity, whereas the second expressed high photodynamic action. White light use may induce a photodynamic effect associated with porphyrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Piotr Frant
- Department of Swine Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantów 57, 24-100 Puławy, Poland;
| | - Mariusz Trytek
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-033 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Roman Paduch
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
- Department of General and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, Chmielna 1, 20-079 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: or
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8
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de Klerk DJ, de Keijzer MJ, Dias LM, Heemskerk J, de Haan LR, Kleijn TG, Franchi LP, Heger M. Strategies for Improving Photodynamic Therapy Through Pharmacological Modulation of the Immediate Early Stress Response. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2451:405-480. [PMID: 35505025 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2099-1_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally to noninvasive treatment modality that has emerged as a promising alternative to conventional cancer treatments. PDT induces hyperoxidative stress and disrupts cellular homeostasis in photosensitized cancer cells, resulting in cell death and ultimately removal of the tumor. However, various survival pathways can be activated in sublethally afflicted cancer cells following PDT. The acute stress response is one of the known survival pathways in PDT, which is activated by reactive oxygen species and signals via ASK-1 (directly) or via TNFR (indirectly). The acute stress response can activate various other survival pathways that may entail antioxidant, pro-inflammatory, angiogenic, and proteotoxic stress responses that culminate in the cancer cell's ability to cope with redox stress and oxidative damage. This review provides an overview of the immediate early stress response in the context of PDT, mechanisms of activation by PDT, and molecular intervention strategies aimed at inhibiting survival signaling and improving PDT outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J de Klerk
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark J de Keijzer
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lionel M Dias
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde (FCS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Jordi Heemskerk
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianne R de Haan
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tony G Kleijn
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leonardo P Franchi
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB) 2, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
- Faculty of Philosophy, Department of Chemistry, Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering-Photobiology and Photomedicine Research Group, Sciences, and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michal Heger
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Dhanalekshmi KI, Magesan P, Umapathy MJ, Zhang X, Srinivasan N, Jayamoorthy K. Enhanced photocatalytic and photodynamic activity of chitosan and garlic loaded CdO-TiO 2 hybrid bionanomaterials. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20790. [PMID: 34675259 PMCID: PMC8531292 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00242-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, the work addresses the synthesis of biomaterials (chitosan and garlic) loaded CdO-TiO2 hybrid nanocomposites for photocatalytic water treatment and photodynamic cancer therapeutic applications that were reported the first time. CdO-TiO2 (CT) nanocomposites were synthesized and loaded with the biomaterials such as chitosan and garlic by simple sol-gel method. The nanomaterials were characterized and the photodegradation of three model pollutants, Methylene blue (MB), Methyl orange (MO) and Rhodamine B (Rh-B) was opted to investigate the efficiency of the synthesized photocatalyst under the solar light. From the results, the garlic-loaded CdO-TiO2 (AS-CT) hybrid nanocomposites exhibit a superior photocatalytic activity than the chitosan-loaded CdO-TiO2 (CS-CT) and CdO-TiO2 (CT) nanocomposites under the irradiation of solar light. Additionally, the cell viability of the synthesized nanocomposites was carried out in HeLa cell lines under different concentrations, light doses and incubation periods using an LED light source. Compared to the CS-CT and CT nanocomposites, an efficient photodynamic activity was achieved in the case of AS-CT hybrid nanocomposites. Actually, the end-use properties required for both processes in AS-CT nanocomposites appear similar due to the presence of organo sulphurus compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. I. Dhanalekshmi
- grid.43555.320000 0000 8841 6246School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100 081 China
| | - P. Magesan
- grid.444347.40000 0004 1796 3866Department of Chemistry, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Bharath University, Chennai, 600 073 Tamilnadu India
| | - M. J. Umapathy
- grid.252262.30000 0001 0613 6919Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering Guindy, Anna University, Chennai, 600 025 Tamilnadu India
| | - Xiang Zhang
- grid.43555.320000 0000 8841 6246School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100 081 China
| | - N. Srinivasan
- Department of Chemistry, Pachiyappa’s College for Men, Kanchipuram, 631 501 Tamilnadu India
| | - K. Jayamoorthy
- grid.252262.30000 0001 0613 6919Department of Chemistry, St. Joseph’s College of Engineering, Chennai, 600 119 Tamilnadu India
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Xu Y, Huang Y, Chen Y, Cao K, Liu Z, Wan Z, Liao Z, Li B, Cui J, Yang Y, Xu X, Cai J, Gao F. Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins play the roles of radioprotection on Normal Lung and radiosensitization on Lung Cancer via differential regulation of the MAPK Signaling Pathway. J Cancer 2021; 12:2844-2854. [PMID: 33854585 PMCID: PMC8040900 DOI: 10.7150/jca.49987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) is a common serious complication and dose-limiting factor caused by radiotherapy for lung cancer. This study was to investigate radioprotective effects of grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSP) on normal lung as well as radiosensitizing effects on lung cancer. In vitro, we demonstrated radioprotective effects of GSP on normal alveolar epithelial cells (MLE-12 and BEAS/2B) and radiosensitizing effects on lung cancer cells (LLC and A549). In vivo, we confirmed these two-way effects in tumor-bearing mice. The results showed that GSP inhibited tumor growth, and played a synergistic killing effect with radiotherapy on lung cancer. Meanwhile, GSP reduced radiation damage to normal lung tissues. The two-way effects related to the differential regulation of the MAPK signaling pathway by GSP on normal lung and lung cancer. Moreover, GSP regulated secretion of cytokines IL-6 and IFN-γ and expression of p53 and Ki67 on normal lung and lung cancer. Our findings suggest that GSP is expected to be an ideal radioprotective drug for lung cancer patients who are treated with radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai, China, 200433.,Department of Radiology, Xizang Military General Hospital, 66 Niangre North Road, Lhasa City, Tibet, China, 850000
| | - Yijuan Huang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai, China, 200433.,Department of Radiology, First Hospital of Jiaxing, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, 1882 Zhonghuan South Road, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314000
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai, China, 200433
| | - Kun Cao
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai, China, 200433
| | - Zhe Liu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai, China, 200433
| | - Zhijie Wan
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai, China, 200433
| | - Zebin Liao
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai, China, 200433
| | - Bailong Li
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai, China, 200433
| | - Jianguo Cui
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai, China, 200433
| | - Yanyong Yang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai, China, 200433
| | - Xiaohua Xu
- Department of Nuclear Radiation, Tongji University Affiliated Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, China, 200433
| | - Jianming Cai
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai, China, 200433
| | - Fu Gao
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai, China, 200433
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11
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Wu RWK, Chu ESM, Yow CMN. Evaluation of the effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid hexyl ester (H-ALA) PDT on EBV LMP1 protein expression in human nasopharyngeal cells. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 30:101801. [PMID: 32360854 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is of high prevalence in Hong Kong and southern China. The pathogenesis of NPC is closely associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection via regulation of viral oncoprotein latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1). The conventional treatment for NPC is chemo-radiotherapy, but the prognosis remains poor for advanced stage, recurrent and metastatic NPC. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a therapeutic approach to combat tumors. PDT effectiveness depends on the interaction of photosensitizers, light and molecular oxygen. 5- aminolevulinic acid hexyl derivative (H-ALA) is one of the photosensitizers derived from 5-ALA. H-ALA with improved lipophilic properties by adding a long lipophilic chain (hexyl group) to 5-ALA, resulted in better penetration into cell cytoplasm. In this study, the effect of H-ALA-PDT on NPC cells (EBV positive C666-1 and EBV negative CNE2) was investigated. The H-ALA mediated cellular uptake and cytotoxicity was revealed via flow cytometry analysis and MTT assay respectively. H-ALA PDT mediated protein modulation was analysed by western blot analysis. Our finding reported that the cellular uptake of H-ALA in C666-1 and CNE2 cells was in a time dependent manner. H-ALA PDT was effective to C666-1 and CNE2 cells. EBV LMP1 proteins was expressed in C666-1 cells only and its expression was responsive to H-ALA PDT in a dose dependent manner. This work revealed the potential of H-ALA PDT as a treatment regiment for EBV positive NPC cells. Understanding the mechanism of H-ALA mediated PDT could develop improved strategies for the treatment of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W K Wu
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Tung Wah College, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Medical Laboratory Science, Department of Health Technology & Informatics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - E S M Chu
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Tung Wah College, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - C M N Yow
- Medical Laboratory Science, Department of Health Technology & Informatics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
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12
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Shanei A, Akbari-Zadeh H, Attaran N, Salamat MR, Baradaran-Ghahfarokhi M. Effect of targeted gold nanoparticles size on acoustic cavitation: An in vitro study on melanoma cells. ULTRASONICS 2020; 102:106061. [PMID: 31948804 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2019.106061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
When a liquid is irradiated with high intensities of ultrasound irradiation, acoustic cavitation occurs. Since cavitation can be fatal to cells, it is utilized to destroy cancer tumors. Considering cavitation onset and bubbles collapse, the required ultrasonic intensity threshold can be significantly decreased in the presence of nanoparticles in a liquid. The effects of gold nanoparticles size on acoustic cavitation were investigated in this in vitro study. For this purpose, ultrasonic waves were used at intensities of 0.5, 1 and 2 W/cm2 and frequency of 1 MHz in the presence of F-Cys-GNPs with 15, 23 and 79 nm sizes and different concentrations (0.2, 1 and 5 µg/ml) in order to determine their effects on the viability of melanoma cells. This was performed at different incubation times 12, 24 and 36 h. The viability of melanoma cells decreased at higher concentrations and sizes of F-Cys-GNPs. The lowest viability of melanoma cells was seen in those containing 79, 23, and 15 nm F-Cys-GNPs. This finding could be explained from the concept that the nucleation sites on the surface of GNPs increase with an increase in size of GNPs, which results in an increase in the number of cavitation bubbles. Acoustic cavitation in the presence of gold nanoparticles can be used as a way for improving therapeutic effects on the tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Shanei
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hadi Akbari-Zadeh
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Neda Attaran
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Applied Biophotonics Research Center, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Salamat
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Milad Baradaran-Ghahfarokhi
- Department of Medical Radiation Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Sciences & Technologies, Isfahan University, Isfahan, Iran
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13
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Shi L, Pohla H, Buchner A, Zhang L, Pongratz T, Rühm A, Zimmermann W, Gederaas OA, Wang X, Stepp H, Sroka R. MOP-dependent enhancement of methadone on the effectiveness of ALA-PDT for A172 cells by upregulating phosphorylated JNK and BCL2. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 30:101657. [PMID: 31945545 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methadone, as a long-acting opioid analgesic, shows an ability to sensitize the treatment of ALA-PDT for glioblastoma cells (A172) in vitro by promoting apoptosis. However, the mechanisms how methadone enhances the effectiveness of ALA-PDT for tumor cells remains to be clarified. METHODS The expression of mu opioid receptor (MOP), apoptosis, phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and phosphorylated apoptosis regulator B cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) were measured by flow cytometry. Cytotoxicity was determined using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). A MOP antagonist, naloxone, was used to evaluate the role of MOP in the above process. RESULTS It was found that A172 cells show the expression of MOP and that naloxone inhibits the enhancement of the methadone effect on apoptosis following ALA-PDT (p < 0.05). Phosphorylated JNK and BCL2 induced by ALA-PDT were promoted in the presence of methadone (p < 0.05). These methadone effects were also inhibited by naloxone (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that apoptosis induced by ALA-PDT is enhanced by methadone, mostly MOP-mediated, through the upregulation of accumulation of phosphorylated JNK and BCL2, leading to a promotion of cytotoxicity of ALA-PDT for A172 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- Laser-Forschungslabor, LIFE Center, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Baode Road 1278, Shanghai, 200443, PR China
| | - Heike Pohla
- Labor für Tumorimmunologie, LIFE Center, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Buchner
- Labor für Tumorimmunologie, LIFE Center, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Linglin Zhang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Baode Road 1278, Shanghai, 200443, PR China
| | - Thomas Pongratz
- Laser-Forschungslabor, LIFE Center, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Adrian Rühm
- Laser-Forschungslabor, LIFE Center, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Zimmermann
- Labor für Tumorimmunologie, LIFE Center, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Odrun Arna Gederaas
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Xiuli Wang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Baode Road 1278, Shanghai, 200443, PR China
| | - Herbert Stepp
- Laser-Forschungslabor, LIFE Center, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Ronald Sroka
- Laser-Forschungslabor, LIFE Center, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Baode Road 1278, Shanghai, 200443, PR China; Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
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Dhanalekshmi KI, Magesan P, Sangeetha K, Zhang X, Jayamoorthy K, Srinivasan N. Preparation and characterization of core-shell type Ag@SiO 2 nanoparticles for photodynamic cancer therapy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 28:324-329. [PMID: 31600577 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
With recent scientific developments, Photodynamic therapy (PDT) offers the promisie to become incorporated into the mainstream of cancer therapy. Noble metal based nano-PDT is increasing due to its advantages in the field of biomedicine. In this study, noble metal based Ag@SiO2 core-shell nanoparticles were synthesized and to confirm the core-shell structure they were characterized by UV-vis, XRD, FTIR, TEM, and EDX. Our data confirm that core-shell type Ag@SiO2 nanoparticles maintain its ability to kill cancer cells upon light irradiation. This shows that SiO2 shell may not only prevent aggregation but it also may enhance the photodynamic activity of Ag nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- K I Dhanalekshmi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - P Magesan
- Dept. of Chemistry, Bharath Institute of Higher Education & Research, Bharath University, Chennai, 600 073, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Sangeetha
- Dept. of IBT, Bharath Institute of Higher Education & Research, Bharath University, Chennai, 600 073, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Xiang Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - K Jayamoorthy
- Dept. of Chemistry, St. Joseph's College of Engineering, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Srinivasan
- Dept. of Chemistry, Pachiyappa's College for Men, Kanchipuram, 631501, Tamil Nadu, India
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15
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Dhanalekshmi KI, Sangeetha K, Meena KS, Magesan P, Manikandan A, Jayamoorthy K. Photodynamic activity and DNA binding studies of Pd@SiO 2 core-shell nanoparticles in vitro. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 26:79-84. [PMID: 30862470 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Metal-semiconductor core-shell type Pd@SiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) were successfully synthesized by Stober's method and the product was characterized by UV-vis, XRD, FT-IR, SEM, HR-TEM and EDX techniques. In vitro Photodynamic activity and DNA binding studies of Pd@SiO2 core shell nanoparticles were studied. Cell viability of the core-shell nanoparticles against HeLa cell line was screened by MTT assay after exposing at different light doses. The outcome of the present study indicates that the core-shell Pd@SiO2 NPs are highly stable and exhibited strong photodynamic efficiency under LED light illumination in HeLa cells. The results indicated that SiO2 supported on the surface of Pd NPs not only prevented the aggregation in addition exhibited remarkable photodynamic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- K I Dhanalekshmi
- Dept. of Chemistry, Bharath Institute of Higher Education & Research, Bharath University, Chennai 600 073, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - K Sangeetha
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Bharath Institute of Higher Education & Research, Bharath University, Chennai 600 073, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K S Meena
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Bharath Institute of Higher Education & Research, Bharath University, Chennai 600 073, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Magesan
- Dept. of Chemistry, Bharath Institute of Higher Education & Research, Bharath University, Chennai 600 073, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Manikandan
- Dept. of Chemistry, Bharath Institute of Higher Education & Research, Bharath University, Chennai 600 073, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Jayamoorthy
- Dept. of Chemistry, St. Joseph's College of Engineering, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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16
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Salva KA, Kim YH, Rahbar Z, Wood GS. Epigenetically Enhanced PDT Induces Significantly Higher Levels of Multiple Extrinsic Pathway Apoptotic Factors than Standard PDT, Resulting in Greater Extrinsic and Overall Apoptosis of Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma. Photochem Photobiol 2018; 94:1058-1065. [PMID: 29675945 DOI: 10.1111/php.12925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Aminolevulinate-based photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) selectively eliminates diseased tissues primarily through the induction of intrinsic apoptotic pathway. ALA-PDT is a first-line therapy for actinic keratosis, however, it is less effective for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). We have previously demonstrated that the resistance of CTCL to apoptosis correlates with decreased expression of death receptors such as FAS, and that methotrexate functions as an epigenetic regulator that reestablishes the susceptibility of CTCL to extrinsic pathway apoptosis. We showed previously that MTX augments the effectiveness of PDT by sensitizing cells to apoptosis by induction of apoptotic factors, a process we call "epigenetically enhanced" PDT (ePDT). Here, in CTCL cell lines, leukemic CTCL cells, and normal blood T cells, we analyzed multiple components of the FAS, TRAIL, and TNF families using multispectral imaging of immunostained cytopreparations, a quantitative technique with five-fold greater sensitivity than standard immunocytology. ePDT induced significantly greater FAS, FASL, TRAIL-R1 & -R2, and TNFα levels than standard PDT. This correlated with significantly greater induction of extrinsic pathway apoptosis and/or overall apoptosis in all CTCL samples. There was no appreciable effect on normal T cells. These data set the stage for clinical trials of ePDT as a novel localized treatment of CTCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin A Salva
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Youn H Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Ziba Rahbar
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Gary S Wood
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI.,VA Medical Center, Madison, WI
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17
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Zhang X, Liu X, Kang S, Liu C, Hao Y. Resveratrol enhances the effects of ALA-PDT on skin squamous cells A431 through p38/ MAPK signaling pathway. Cancer Biomark 2018; 21:797-803. [PMID: 29286920 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-170495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia, China
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohehot 010000, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia, China
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohehot 010000, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Shuxia Kang
- Department of Dermatology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia, China
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohehot 010000, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Caiyun Liu
- Hunan Youcheng Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Changsha 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Yuqin Hao
- Department of Dermatology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia, China
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18
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Chen L, Lu J, Huang T, Cai YD. A computational method for the identification of candidate drugs for non-small cell lung cancer. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183411. [PMID: 28820893 PMCID: PMC5562320 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer causes a large number of deaths per year. Until now, a cure for this disease has not been found or developed. Finding an effective drug through traditional experimental methods invariably costs millions of dollars and takes several years. It is imperative that computational methods be developed to integrate several types of existing information to identify candidate drugs for further study, which could reduce the cost and time of development. In this study, we tried to advance this effort by proposing a computational method to identify candidate drugs for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a major type of lung cancer. The method used three steps: (1) preliminary screening, (2) screening compounds by an association test and a permutation test, (3) screening compounds using an EM clustering algorithm. In the first step, based on the chemical-chemical interaction information reported in STITCH, a well-known database that reports interactions between chemicals and proteins, and approved NSCLC drugs, compounds that can interact with at least one approved NSCLC drug were picked. In the second step, the association test selected compounds that can interact with at least one NSCLC-related chemical and at least one NSCLC-related gene, and subsequently, the permutation test was used to discard nonspecific compounds from the remaining compounds. In the final step, core compounds were selected using a powerful clustering algorithm, the EM algorithm. Six putative compounds, protoporphyrin IX, hematoporphyrin, canertinib, lapatinib, pelitinib, and dacomitinib, were identified by this method. Previously published data show that all of the selected compounds have been reported to possess anti-NSCLC activity, indicating high probabilities of these compounds being novel candidate drugs for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- College of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Huang
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Dong Cai
- College of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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19
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Wang X, Chen Q, Huang X, Zou F, Fu Z, Chen Y, Li Y, Wang Z, Liu L. Effects of 17β-estradiol and tamoxifen on gastric cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis and ER-α36 expression. Oncol Lett 2016; 13:57-62. [PMID: 28123522 PMCID: PMC5244966 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of 17β-estradiol and tamoxifen, an agonist and inhibitor of the estrogen receptor (ER), respectively, on the proliferation and apoptosis of gastric cancer cells, as well as the messenger (m)RNA expression levels of ER-α36. Nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) confirmed that ER-α36 was expressed in the BGC823, MKN45 and SGC7901 human gastric cancer cell lines. Subsequently, the BGC823 cell line was stimulated with various concentrations of 17β-estradiol or tamoxifen for 24 or 48 h, and the proliferation, apoptosis and mRNA expression levels of ER-α36 were determined by water-soluble tetrazolium (WST)-1 assay, flow cytometry and RT-quantitative PCR, respectively. The activity of BGC823 cells was significantly increased following treatment with 10−12 mol/l 17β-estradiol for 24 h (P=0.013), as compared with the control, and reached a peak at 48 h (P=0.002). Notably, the activity of BGC823 cells was decreased with increasing concentrations of 17β-estradiol, although it remained higher compared with that of the control. In the tamoxifen-treated groups, the cell activity decreased as the drug concentration increased. The apoptosis rate was markedly reduced in the 17β-estradiol group after 24 h (10−12 mol/l, P=0.013; 10−11 mol/l, P=0.023; and 10−10 mol/l, P=0.017) and after 48 h (10−12 mol/l, P=0.002; 10−11 mol/l, P=0.011; and 10−10 mol/l, P=0.033), whereas the rate of apoptosis increased as the tamoxifen concentration increased (24 h: 5×10−6 mol/l, P=0.002; and 10−5 mol/l, P=0.001; and 48 h: 5×10−6 mol/l, P=0.014 and 10−5 mol/l, P=0.0021), as compared with the control group. The mRNA expression levels of ER-α36 were significantly increased after 24 h of treatment with 10−12 mol/l (P=0.024), 10−11 mol/l (P=0.0113) and 10−10 mol/l (P=0.0037) 17β-estradiol compared with the control group when the concentration of 17β-estradiol was low, and the same was observed after 48 h of treatment 10−12 mol/l (P=0.0164), 10−11 mol/l (P=0.0342) and 10−10 mol/l (P=0.0198) 17β-estradiol. The mRNA expression levels of ER-α36 were significantly decreased with increasing concentrations of tamoxifen after 24 h (5×10−6 mol/l, P=0.0233; and 10−5 mol/l, P=0.007) and after 48 h (5×10−6 mol/l, P=0.001; and 10−5 mol/l, P=0.0153). In addition, the ability of tamoxifen to inhibit the growth of gastric cancer cells was concentration-dependent. The results of the present study suggested that gastric cancer cells were sensitive to the effects of 17β-estradiol and tamoxifen, and that tamoxifen is able to induce gastric cancer cell apoptosis. The expression levels of ER-α36 were upregulated, and the growth of gastric cancer cells was increased, following treatment with 17β-estradiol, thus suggesting that gastric cancer tumors are stimulated by estrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuming Wang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430056, P.R. China; Department of Pathology, Jiangda Pathology Institute, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430056, P.R. China
| | - Qiuyue Chen
- Department of Pathology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Huang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430056, P.R. China; Department of Pathology, Jiangda Pathology Institute, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430056, P.R. China
| | - Feng Zou
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430056, P.R. China; Department of Pathology, Jiangda Pathology Institute, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430056, P.R. China
| | - Zhengqi Fu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430056, P.R. China; Department of Pathology, Jiangda Pathology Institute, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430056, P.R. China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430056, P.R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430056, P.R. China; Department of Pathology, Jiangda Pathology Institute, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430056, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoyi Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University Medical School, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Lijiang Liu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430056, P.R. China; Department of Pathology, Jiangda Pathology Institute, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430056, P.R. China
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Treatment of lip florid papillomatosis with topical ALA-PDT combined with curettage: Outcome and safety. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2016; 15:83-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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21
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Meena KS, Dhanalekshmi KI, Jayamoorthy K. Study of photodynamic activity of Au@SiO2 core-shell nanoparticles in vitro. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 63:317-22. [PMID: 27040225 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Metal-semiconductor core-shell type Au@SiO2 nanoparticles were prepared by Stober's method. They were characterized by absorption, XRD, HR-TEM and EDAX techniques. The resulting modified core-shell nanoparticles shows that the formation of singlet oxygen, which was confirmed by ESR technique. The photohemolysis studies were carried out under two different experimental conditions. It is observed that the photohemolysis increases with concentration as well as light dose. Cell viability of the core-shell nanoparticles against HeLa cell lines were studied by MTT assay method. The outcomes of the present study indicate that, the Au@SiO2 core-shell nanoparticles are extremely stable with a very high photodynamic efficiency under visible light illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Meena
- PG & Research Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary's College, Chennai 600 004, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - K I Dhanalekshmi
- PG & Research Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary's College, Chennai 600 004, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - K Jayamoorthy
- Department of Chemistry, St. Joseph's College of Engineering, Chennai 600119, Tamil Nadu, India
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Salva KA, Wood GS. Epigenetically Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy (ePDT) is Superior to Conventional Photodynamic Therapy for Inducing Apoptosis in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma. Photochem Photobiol 2015; 91:1444-51. [PMID: 26302991 DOI: 10.1111/php.12521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Conventional photodynamic therapy with aminolevulinate (ALA-PDT) selectively induces apoptosis in diseased cells and is highly effective for treating actinic keratoses. However, similar results are achieved only in a subset of patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). Our previous work shows that the apoptotic resistance of CTCL correlates with low expression of death receptors like Fas cell surface death receptor (FAS), and that methotrexate upregulates FAS by inhibiting the methylation of its promoter, acting as an epigenetic derepressor that restores the susceptibility of FAS-low CTCL to caspase-8-mediated apoptosis. Here, we demonstrate that methotrexate increases the response of CTCL to ALA-PDT, a concept we refer to as epigenetically enhanced PDT (ePDT). Multiple CTCL cell lines were subjected to conventional PDT versus ePDT. Apoptotic biomarkers were analyzed in situ with multispectral imaging analysis of immunostained cells, a method that is quantitative and 5× more sensitive than standard immunohistology for antigen detection. Compared to conventional PDT or methotrexate alone, ePDT led to significantly greater cell death in all CTCL cell lines tested by inducing greater activation of caspase-8-mediated extrinsic apoptosis. Upregulation of FAS and/or tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand pathway components was observed in different CTCL cell lines. These findings provide a rationale for clinical trials of ePDT for CTCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Agnes Salva
- Department of Dermatology, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Gary S Wood
- Department of Dermatology, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI.,VA Medical Center, Madison, WI
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Al-Majmaie R, Kennedy E, Al-Rubeai M, Rice JH, Zerulla D. AFM-based bivariate morphological discrimination of apoptosis induced by photodynamic therapy using photosensitizer-functionalized gold nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra15479k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Typical examples of the morphology of one viable and one apoptotic cell together with the statistical analysis of a larger cell ensemble subsequent to photodynamic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasoul Al-Majmaie
- School of Physics
- University College Dublin
- Dublin
- Ireland
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering
| | | | - Mohamed Al-Rubeai
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering
- University College Dublin
- Ireland
| | - James H. Rice
- School of Physics
- University College Dublin
- Dublin
- Ireland
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Lu YG, Wang YY, Yang YD, Zhang XC, Gao Y, Yang Y, Zhang JB, Li GL. Efficacy of topical ALA-PDT combined with excision in the treatment of skin malignant tumor. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2014; 11:122-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 12/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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25
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Yoon HE, Oh SH, Kim SA, Yoon JH, Ahn SG. Pheophorbide a-mediated photodynamic therapy induces autophagy and apoptosis via the activation of MAPKs in human skin cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2013; 31:137-44. [PMID: 24253565 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pheophorbide a (Pa), a chlorophyll derivative, is a photosensitizer that can induce significant antitumor effects in several types of tumor cells. The present study investigated the mechanism of Pa-mediated photodynamic therapy (Pa-PDT) in the human skin cancer cell lines A431 and G361. PDT significantly inhibited the cell growth in a Pa-concentration-dependent manner. We observed increased expression of Beclin-1, LC3B and ATG5, which are markers of autophagy, after PDT treatment in A431 cells but not in G361 cells. In G361 cells, Pa-PDT strongly induced PARP cleavage and subsequent apoptosis, which was confirmed using Annexin V/Propidium iodide double staining. Pa-PDT predominantly exhibited its antitumor effects via activation of ERK1/2 and p38 in A431 and G361 cells, respectively. An in vivo study using the CAM xenograft model demonstrated that Pa-PDT strongly induced autophagy and apoptosis in A431-transplanted tumors and/or apoptosis in G361-transplanted tumors. These results may provide a basis for understanding the underlying mechanisms of Pa-PDT and for developing Pa-PDT as a therapy for skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Eun Yoon
- Department of Pathology, College of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
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26
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Eshghi H, Sazgarnia A, Rahimizadeh M, Attaran N, Bakavoli M, Soudmand S. Protoporphyrin IX–gold nanoparticle conjugates as an efficient photosensitizer in cervical cancer therapy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2013; 10:304-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Immunocytochemical studies on the nuclear ubiquitous casein and cyclin-dependent kinases substrate following 5-aminolevulinicacid-mediated photodynamic therapy on MCF-7 cells. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2013; 10:518-25. [PMID: 24284105 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2013.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent data indicates that nuclear ubiquitous casein and cyclin-dependent kinases substrate (NUCKS) may play role in tumor growth. In present study authors examined whether photodynamic therapy with 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) induces NUCKS expression in breast cancer cell line, MCF-7. METHODS In the experiment concentration of 5-ALA was 6.5mM. Excitation wavelength was 630 ± 20 nm, total light dose of light 5 or 10 J/cm(2) and irradiance 60 mW/cm(2) was used. Cells were collected at established time points and Western blot and immunocytochemical studies were performed using antibody against NUCKS. RESULTS Studies proved strong cytotoxic effects in cells following PDT with 6.5mM of precursor and 10 J/cm(2). Western blot analysis revealed the strongest expression of NUCKS at 7h after PDT. At next time points, 18 and 24h, expression of NUCKS decreased and became similar to that of control group. Further immunocytochemical studies showed very strong expression of NUCKS following PDT with 5-ALA and light irradiation of 5 J/cm(2). Early, at 0 h, that expression was predominantly seen in nuclei, while at 7h expression of NUCKS was observed in disseminated manner within entire cells in both nuclei and cytoplasm, with prevalence of cytoplasmic staining. CONCLUSIONS Authors suggest that NUCKS is involved in cellular responses following PDT, and since parallel induction of NUCKS and proapoptotic marker Bax and inhibition of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 was observed, this protein might also be involved in induction of apoptosis following PDT.
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Liu Z, Su YJ, Gu PQ, Ji ZY, Wang XG, Gao LJ. The role of the globular heads of C1q receptor (gC1qR) gene in regulating apoptosis of human cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Physiol Biochem 2012; 30:1181-90. [PMID: 23052251 DOI: 10.1159/000343308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The globular heads of the human C1q receptor (gC1qR) are multi-compartmental and multi-functional cellular proteins. The list of biological responses mediated by the gC1qR includes growth perturbation and morphological abnormalities, along with the initiation of apoptosis. However, the effects of the gC1qR on the apoptosis of cervical squamous carcinoma cells (C33a and SiHa) have not been demonstrated. METHODS Here, human cervical tissues were examined for the expression of the gC1qR using real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. Apoptotic death of C33a and SiHa cells was assessed by flow cytometric analysis to detect the subG1 population. Viability, migration and proliferation of C33a and SiHa cells were detected via the water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1) assay, the Transwell assay and the (3)H-thymidine incorporation into DNA assay ((3)H-TdR), respectively. RESULTS These data showed that expression of the gC1qR protein was significantly decreased in human cervical squamous cell carcinoma tissues relative to normal cervix tissues. C33a and SiHa cells transfected with a GFP-gC1qR vector resulted in the up-regulation of cellular apoptosis and an apparent increase in the expression of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK). Further, the changes in C33a and SiHa cells viability, migration and proliferation observed upon overexpression of gC1qR could be abrogated using the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB202190. CONCLUSION These data indicate that gC1qR inhibits viability, migration and proliferation of cervical squamous cells carcinoma via the p38 MAPK signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Liu
- Clinical Laboratory, Huangdao District of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, China
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Gallagher-Colombo SM, Maas AL, Yuan M, Busch TM. Photodynamic therapy-induced angiogenic signaling: consequences and solutions to improve therapeutic response. Isr J Chem 2012; 52:681-690. [PMID: 26109742 DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201200011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) can be a highly effective treatment for diseases ranging from actinic keratosis to cancer. While use of this therapy shows great promise in preclinical and clinical studies, understanding the molecular consequences of PDT is critical to designing better treatment protocols. A number of publications have documented alteration in angiogenic factors and growth factor receptors following PDT, which could abrogate treatment effect by inducing angiogenesis and re-establishment of the tumor vasculature. In response to these findings, work over the past decade has examined the efficacy of combining PDT with molecular targeting drugs, such as anti-angiogenic compounds, in an effort to combat these PDT-induced molecular changes. These combinatorial approaches increase rates of apoptosis, impair pro-tumorigenic signaling, and enhance tumor response. This report will examine the current understanding of PDT-induced angiogenic signaling and address molecular-based approaches to abrogate this signaling or its consequences thereby enhancing PDT efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon M Gallagher-Colombo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3620 Hamilton Walk, B13 Anatomy Chemistry Bldg., Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Amanda L Maas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3620 Hamilton Walk, B13 Anatomy Chemistry Bldg., Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Min Yuan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3620 Hamilton Walk, B13 Anatomy Chemistry Bldg., Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Theresa M Busch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3620 Hamilton Walk, B13 Anatomy Chemistry Bldg., Philadelphia, PA 19104
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Jiang Y, Xia X, Leung AW, Xiang J, Xu C. Apoptosis of breast cancer cells induced by hypocrellin B under light-emitting diode irradiation. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2012. [PMID: 23200015 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2012.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Breast cancer is a common disease which threatens the life of women. To explore an alternative modality for combating breast cancer, a light-emitting diode (LED) that activates hypocrellin B was used in the present study to investigate apoptosis induction in breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Photocytotoxicity was investigated 24h after photodynamic treatment of hypocrellin B using MTT reduction assay and light microscopy. Apoptosis was observed 6h after photodynamic treatment using flow cytometry with Annexin V/PI staining as well as fluorescent microscopy with Hoechst33258 staining. The ultrastructure of the treated cells was observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). RESULTS Hypocrellin B-induced photocytotoxicity in MDA-MB-231 cells exhibited a dose-dependent manner. The amount of MDA-MB-231 cells attached to the bottom of well decreased significantly after photodynamic treatment of hypocrellin B. Flow cytometry showed that the early and late apoptotic rate of MDA-MB-231 cells increased remarkably up to 17.46% and 32.80%, respectively, after treatment of LED-activated hypocrellin B. In addition, nuclear condensation, fragmentation and chromatin margination, and topical apoptotic body in the treated cells were observed by nuclear staining and TEM. CONCLUSION Photodynamic action of hypocrellin B irradiated by light-emitting diodes could significantly kill breast cancer cells and induce apoptotic cell death, which suggests LED-activated hypocrellin B is a promising strategy for combating breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Jiang
- Department of Photodynamic and Sonodynamic Therapy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Moserova I, Kralova J. Role of ER stress response in photodynamic therapy: ROS generated in different subcellular compartments trigger diverse cell death pathways. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32972. [PMID: 22403731 PMCID: PMC3293927 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We have analyzed the molecular mechanisms of photoinduced cell death using porphyrins with similar structure differing only in the position of the ethylene glycol (EG) chain on the phenyl ring. Meta- and para-positioned EG chains targeted porphyrins to different subcellular compartments. After photoactivation, both types of derivatives induced death of tumor cells via reactive oxygen species (ROS). Para derivatives pTPP(EG)4 and pTPPF(EG)4 primarily accumulated in lysosomes activated the p38 MAP kinase cascade, which in turn induced the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. In contrast, meta porphyrin derivative mTPP(EG)4 localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) induced dramatic changes in Ca(2+) homeostasis manifested by Ca(2+) rise in the cytoplasm, activation of calpains and stress caspase-12 or caspase-4. ER stress developed into unfolded protein response. Immediately after irradiation the PERK pathway was activated through phosphorylation of PERK, eIF2α and induction of transcription factors ATF4 and CHOP, which regulate stress response genes. PERK knockdown and PERK deficiency protected cells against mTPP(EG)4-mediated apoptosis, confirming the causative role of the PERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Moserova
- Department of Molecular Virology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jarmila Kralova
- Department of Molecular Virology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
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Chu ESM, Yow CMN. Modulation of telomerase and signal transduction proteins by hexyl-ALA-photodynamic therapy (PDT) in human doxorubicin resistant cancer cell models. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2012; 9:243-55. [PMID: 22959804 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2011.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Revised: 12/04/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study employed a doxorubicin resistant (MES-SA-Dx5) human uterine sarcoma cell line and its counterpart (MES-SA), to elucidate the efficacy of aminolevulinic acid-hexylester (hexyl-ALA) mediated PDT at molecular and transcriptional levels. METHODS Hexyl-ALA generated protoporphyrin IX in both cells were determined by molecular probes using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy. The hexyl-ALA-PDT induced signal transduction proteins and mode of cell death were quantitated by CASE ELISA assays and DAPI staining. The modulation of hTERT mRNA expression and telomerase activity were investigated by TaqMan real-time PCR and ELISA respectively. Hexyl-ALA-PDT mediated cell migratory effect was determined by wound-healing assay. RESULTS The results demonstrated that mitochondria were the major target of hexyl-ALA. At LD(30), hexyl-ALA-PDT significantly provoked an up-regulation of phosphorylated p38MAPK and JNK proteins in both cells. Hexyl-ALA-PDT down-regulated hTERT (a catalytic subunit of telomerase) mRNA expression and showed a strong correlation with diminished telomerase activity in both cells (MES-SA: r(2) = 0.9932; MES-SA-Dx5: r(2) = 0.9775). The suppression of cell migratory effect in both cells was obtained after hexyl-ALA-PDT. Further, 50% and 30% of apoptotic cells were attained at LD(50), for wild-type and drug resistant cells respectively. Unlike the wild-type, a higher PDT dose was crucial to induce apoptosis in the drug resistant cells. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides the first evidence that p38MAPK and JNK kinases played a vital role in triggering hexyl-ALA-PDT-induced apoptosis, down-regulated hTERT mRNA expression and telomerase activity in both proposed cells. In vivo studies are worth examining for the benefit of clinical applications in drug resistant cancers and PDT development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellie S M Chu
- Medical Laboratory Science Section, Department of Health Technology & Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Kowloon
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