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Jiang Y. Photosynthetic Bacteria: Light-Responsive Biomaterials for Anti-Tumor Photodynamic Therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2025; 20:465-482. [PMID: 39811429 PMCID: PMC11730521 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s500314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2024] [Accepted: 12/31/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2025] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising noninvasive tumor treatment modality that relies on generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and requires an adequate oxygen supply to the target tissue. However, hypoxia is a common feature of solid tumors and profoundly restricts the anti-tumor efficacy of PDT. In recent years, scholars have focused on exploring nanomaterial-based strategies for oxygen supplementation and integrating non-oxygen-consuming treatment approaches to overcome the hypoxic limitations of PDT. Some scholars have harnessed the photosynthetic oxygen production of cyanobacteria under light irradiation to overcome tumor hypoxia and engineered them as carriers of photosensitizers instead of inorganic nanomaterials, resulting in photosynthetic bacteria (PSB) attracting significant attention. Recent studies have shown that light-triggered PSB can exhibit additional properties, such as photosynthetic hydrogen production, ROS generation, and photothermal conversion, facilitating their use as promising light-responsive biomaterials for enhancing the anti-tumor efficacy of PDT. Therefore, understanding PSB can provide new insights and ideas for future research. This review mainly introduces the characteristics of PSB and recent research on light-triggered PSB in anti-tumor PDT to enrich our knowledge in this area. Finally, the challenges and prospects of using PSB to enhance the anti-tumor efficacy of PDT were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Jiang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine and The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
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Saberi S, Modiri-Delshad T, Etemad-Moghadam S, Alaeddini M, Jamshidloo R, Ramazani A, Mohammadpour H, Hanna R, Khoobi M, Shahabi S. Efficacy of Synthesized Cubic Spirulina Platensis Photosensitizer in Anticancer Photodynamic Therapy: An in vitro study. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 42:103511. [PMID: 36965756 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is becoming increasingly popular in cancer management. Photosensitizers derived from natural sources can offer additional health benefits and play a crucial role in enhancing the efficacy of PDT in cancer treatment. We herein synthesized a cubic form of spirulina platensis (SP) and compared its anticancer-PDT efficacy with the naturally-occurring microhelical SP (MSP) and phycocyanin (Pc) against a tongue cancer cell-line and fibroblast cells. Cubic SP (CSP) was synthesized and characterized using standard analyses. CAL-27 and HGF cell-lines were incubated at different concentrations with each photosensitizer and were irradiated with 635 nm diode-laser. The viability, cellular-uptake, apoptosis and oxidative stress potential were quantitatively analyzed and statistically compared at P<0.05. Our results demonstrated that all three photosensitizers were non-toxic to normal cells before laser irradiation. In CAL-27, viability significantly decreased after PDT in all photosensitizer groups (P<0.05). Whereas, in HGF, Pc exhibited phototoxicity after laser irradiation (P=0.032). Cell-death was mainly apoptotic in Pc and CSP, but necrotic in MSP. Cellular-uptake was significantly higher in Pc, but was similar in MSP and CSP. Increase in reactive oxygen species was significantly higher in the Pc group compared to both SPs (P<0.05). We concluded that both SPs were safe and efficient photosensitizers for anticancer-PDT. CSP exhibited predominant and significant apoptotic death in CAL-27 and HGF cell-lines, while MSP mainly induced necrotic cell death. Despite the good photosensitizing performance of Pc, its use in higher concentrations should be considered with caution, due to the reduced viability that occurred following its use in PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sogol Saberi
- Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Tayebeh Modiri-Delshad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, 45371-38791 Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Shahroo Etemad-Moghadam
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mojgan Alaeddini
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Rahele Jamshidloo
- Department of Management, Hidaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hidaj, Iran.
| | - Ali Ramazani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, 45371-38791 Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Hadiseh Mohammadpour
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reem Hanna
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy; Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, UCL-Eastman Dental Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rockefeller Building, London, WC1E 6DE, UK; Department of Oral Surgery, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK.
| | - Mehdi Khoobi
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Biomaterials Group, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran.
| | - Sima Shahabi
- Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Campanholi KDSS, da Silva Junior RC, Gonçalves RS, de Oliveira MC, Pozza MSDS, Leite AT, da Silva LH, Malacarne LC, Bruschi ML, Castilha LD, dos Santos TC, Caetano W. Photo-Phytotherapeutic Gel Composed of Copaifera reticulata, Chlorophylls, and k-Carrageenan: A New Perspective for Topical Healing. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122580. [PMID: 36559074 PMCID: PMC9785472 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic wound healing represents an impactful financial burden on healthcare systems. In this context, the use of natural products as an alternative therapy reduces costs and maintains effectiveness. Phytotherapeutic gels applied in photodynamic therapy (PDT) have been developed to act as topical healing medicines and antibiotics. The bioactive system is composed of Spirulina sp. (source of chlorophylls) and Copaifera reticulata oil microdroplets, both incorporated into a polymeric blend constituted by kappa-carrageenan (k-car) and F127 copolymer, constituting a system in which all components are bioactive agents. The flow behavior and viscoelasticity of the formulations were investigated. The photodynamic activity was accessed from studies of the inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, the main pathogen of hospital relevance. Furthermore, in vivo studies were conducted using eighteen rabbits with dermatitis (grade III and IV) in both paws. The gels showed significant antibiotic potential in vitro, eliminating up to 100% of S. aureus colonies in the presence or absence of light. The k-car reduced 41% of the viable cells; however, its benefits were enhanced by adding chlorophyll and copaiba oil. The animals treated with the phytotherapeutic medicine showed a reduction in lesion size, with healing and re-epithelialization verified in the histological analyses. The animals submitted to PDT displayed noticeable improvement, indicating this therapy's viability for ulcerative and infected wounds. This behavior was not observed in the iodine control treatment, which worsened the animals' condition. Therefore, gel formulations were a viable alternative for future pharmaceutical applications, aiming at topical healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katieli da Silva Souza Campanholi
- Chemistry Department, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil
- Correspondence: (K.d.S.S.C.); (W.C.); Tel.: +55-44-3011-5153 (K.d.S.S.C. & W.C.)
| | | | - Renato Sonchini Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Chemistry, Center for Exact Sciences and Technology, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, MA, Brazil
| | - Mariana Carla de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Research and Development of Drug Delivery Systems, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Angela Tiago Leite
- Laboratory of Research and Development of Drug Delivery Systems, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcos Luciano Bruschi
- Laboratory of Research and Development of Drug Delivery Systems, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | - Wilker Caetano
- Chemistry Department, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil
- Correspondence: (K.d.S.S.C.); (W.C.); Tel.: +55-44-3011-5153 (K.d.S.S.C. & W.C.)
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Cui H, Su Y, Wei W, Xu F, Gao J, Zhang W. How Microalgae is Effective in Oxygen Deficiency Aggravated Diseases? A Comprehensive Review of Literature. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:3101-3122. [PMID: 35874112 PMCID: PMC9297331 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s368763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia can aggravate the conditions of many oxygen-deficiency-aggravated diseases (ODAD), such as cancer, ischemic heart disease, and chronic wounds. Photosynthetic microalgae can alleviate the hepatotoxicity of the local microenvironment by producing oxygen. In addition, microalgae extracts have antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant effects. These properties make them attractive candidates for developing methods to treat ODAD. Although researchers have exploited the advantages of microalgae and developed a variety of microalgae-based biomaterials to treat ODAD, a comprehensive review of this topic has not been presented previously. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the development and progress made in the field of developing microalgae-based biomaterials toward the treatment of ODAD. The challenges and prospects of this field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengqing Cui
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yidan Su
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wei
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200052, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Gao
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
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Ebrahimi F, Hosseinimehr SJ. Homomultimer strategy for improvement of radiolabeled peptides and antibody fragments in tumor targeting. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:4923-4957. [PMID: 35450521 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220420131836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A homomultimeric radioligand is composed of multiple identical ligands connected to the linker and radionuclide to detect a variety of overexpressed receptors on cancer cells. Multimer strategy holds great potential for introducing new radiotracers based on peptide and monoclonal antibody (mAb) derivatives in molecular imaging and therapy. It offers a reliable procedure for the preparation of biological-based targeting with diverse affinities and pharmacokinetics. In this context, we provide a useful summary and interpretation of the main results by a comprehensive look at multimeric radiopharmaceuticals in nuclear oncology. Therefore, there will be explanations for the strategy mechanisms and the main variables affecting the biodistribution results. The discussion is followed by highlights of recent work in the targeting of various types of receptors. The consequences are expressed based on comparing some parameters between monomer and multimer counterparts in each relevant section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ebrahimi
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Seyed Jalal Hosseinimehr
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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