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Tao N, Cheng B, Chai H, Cui X, Ma Y, Yan J, Zhao Y, Chen W. A Putative Guanosine Triphosphate Cyclohydrolase I Named CaGCH1 Is Involved in Hyphal Branching and Fruiting Development in Cyclocybe aegerita. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:870658. [PMID: 35535251 PMCID: PMC9076582 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.870658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Guanosine triphosphate (GTP) cyclohydrolase I (GCH1) is the limiting enzyme of the tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) synthesis pathway. The disruption of gch1 gene may cause conditional lethality due to folic acid auxotrophy in microorganisms, although the function of gch1 in basidiomycetes has not been deciphered so far. In the present study, gch1 expression in Cyclocybe aegerita (cagch1) was downregulated using the RNAi method, which resulted in growth retardation in both solid and liquid medium, with the hyphal tips exhibiting increased branching compared to that in the wild strain. The development of fruiting bodies in the mutant strains was significantly blocked, and there were short and bottle-shaped stipes. The transcriptional profile revealed that the genes of the MAPK pathway may be involved in the regulation of these effects caused by cagch1 knockdown, which provided an opportunity to study the role of gch1 in the development process of basidiomycetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Tao
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Provincial Key Lab of Agricultural Biotechnology, Kunming, China.,Key Lab of Southwestern Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming, China
| | - Bopu Cheng
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China.,College of Life Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Hongmei Chai
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Provincial Key Lab of Agricultural Biotechnology, Kunming, China.,Key Lab of Southwestern Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming, China
| | - Xianghua Cui
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Provincial Key Lab of Agricultural Biotechnology, Kunming, China.,Key Lab of Southwestern Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming, China
| | - Yuanhao Ma
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Provincial Key Lab of Agricultural Biotechnology, Kunming, China.,Key Lab of Southwestern Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming, China
| | - Jinping Yan
- Life Science and Technology College, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yongchang Zhao
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Provincial Key Lab of Agricultural Biotechnology, Kunming, China.,Key Lab of Southwestern Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming, China
| | - Weimin Chen
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Provincial Key Lab of Agricultural Biotechnology, Kunming, China.,Key Lab of Southwestern Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming, China
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Bodnar J, Fitch S, Sanchez J, Lesser M, Baston DS, Zhong J. GTP cyclohydrolase I activity from Rickettsia monacensis strain Humboldt, a rickettsial endosymbiont of Ixodes pacificus. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2020; 11:101434. [PMID: 32417295 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2020.101434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The complete folate biosynthesis pathway exists in the genome of a rickettsial endosymbiont of Ixodes pacificus, Rickettsia monacensis strain Humboldt (formerly known as Rickettsia species phylotype G021). Recently, our lab demonstrated that the folA gene of strain Humboldt, the final gene in the folate biosynthesis pathway, encodes a functional dihydrofolate reductase enzyme. In this study, we report R. monacensis strain Humboldt has a functional GTP cyclohydrolase I (GCH1), an enzyme required for the hydrolysis of GTP to form 7,8-dihydroneopterin triphosphate in the folate biosynthesis pathway. The GCH1 gene of R. monacensis, folE, share homology with the folE gene of R. monacensis strain IrR/Munich, with a nucleotide sequence identity of 99%. Amino acid alignment and comparative protein structure modeling have shown that the FolE protein of R. monacensis has a conserved core subunit of GCH1 from the T-fold structural superfamily. All amino acid residues, including conserved GTP binding sites and zinc binding sites, are preserved in the FolE protein of R. monacensis. A recombinant GST-FolE protein from R. monacensis was overexpressed in Escherichia coli, purified by affinity chromatography, and assayed for enzyme activity in vitro. The in vitro enzymatic assay described in this study accorded the recombinant GCH1 enzyme of R. monacensis with a specific activity of 0.81 U/mg. Our data suggest folate genes of R. monacensis strain Humboldt have the potential to produce biochemically active enzymes for de novo folate synthesis, addressing the physioecological underpinnings behind tick-Rickettsia symbioses.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Bodnar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Humboldt State University, 1 Harpst Street, Arcata, CA 95521, USA.
| | - Sergio Fitch
- Department of Biological Sciences, Humboldt State University, 1 Harpst Street, Arcata, CA 95521, USA.
| | - Jessica Sanchez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Humboldt State University, 1 Harpst Street, Arcata, CA 95521, USA.
| | - Molly Lesser
- Department of Biological Sciences, Humboldt State University, 1 Harpst Street, Arcata, CA 95521, USA.
| | - David S Baston
- Department of Biological Sciences, Humboldt State University, 1 Harpst Street, Arcata, CA 95521, USA.
| | - Jianmin Zhong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Humboldt State University, 1 Harpst Street, Arcata, CA 95521, USA.
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Guan G, Moreau E, Liu J, Ma M, Rogniaux H, Liu A, Niu Q, Li Y, Ren Q, Luo J, Chauvin A, Yin H. BQP35 is a novel member of the intrinsically unstructured protein (IUP) family which is a potential antigen for the sero-diagnosis of Babesia sp. BQ1 (Lintan) infection. Vet Parasitol 2012; 187:421-30. [PMID: 22317784 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Revised: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A new gene of Babesia sp. BQ1 (Lintan) (BQP35) was cloned by screening a merozoite cDNA expression library with infected sheep serum and using rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The nucleotide sequence of the cDNA was 1140bp with an open reading frame (ORF) of 936bp encoding a 35-kDa predicted polypeptide with 311 amino acid residues. Comparison of BQP35 cDNA and genomic DNA sequences showed that BQP35 does not possess an intron. Recombinant BQP35 (rBQP35), expressed in a prokaryotic expression system, showed abnormally slow migration on SDS-PAGE. Gel shifting, amino acid sequence and in silico disorder region prediction indicated that BQP35 protein has characteristics of intrinsically unstructured proteins (IUPs). This is the first description of such proteins in the Babesia genus. BQP35 induced antibodies production as early as one week after Babesia sp. BQ1 (Lintan) infection in sheep. No cross-reaction was observed with sera from sheep infected with other ovine piroplasms dominant in China, except with Babesia sp. Tianzhu. The interest of BQP35 as a diagnostic antigen is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiquan Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, PR China
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Wang H, Yang B, Hao G, Feng Y, Chen H, Feng L, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen YQ, Wang L, Chen W. Biochemical characterization of the tetrahydrobiopterin synthesis pathway in the oleaginous fungus Mortierella alpina. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2011; 157:3059-3070. [PMID: 21852350 PMCID: PMC4811656 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.051847-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Revised: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We characterized the de novo biosynthetic pathway of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH₄) in the lipid-producing fungus Mortierella alpina. The BH₄ cofactor is essential for various cell processes, and is probably present in every cell or tissue of higher organisms. Genes encoding two copies of GTP cyclohydrolase I (GTPCH-1 and GTPCH-2) for the conversion of GTP to dihydroneopterin triphosphate (H₂-NTP), 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase (PTPS) for the conversion of H₂-NTP to 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin (PPH₄), and sepiapterin reductase (SR) for the conversion of PPH₄ to BH₄, were expressed heterologously in Escherichia coli. The recombinant enzymes were produced as His-tagged fusion proteins and were purified to homogeneity to investigate their enzymic activities. Enzyme products were analysed by HPLC and electrospray ionization-MS. Kinetic parameters and other properties of GTPCH, PTPS and SR were investigated. Physiological roles of BH₄ in M. alpina are discussed, and comparative analyses between GTPCH, PTPS and SR proteins and other homologous proteins were performed. The presence of two functional GTPCH enzymes has, as far as we are aware, not been reported previously, reflecting the unique ability of this fungus to synthesize both BH₄ and folate, using the GTPCH product as a common substrate. To our knowledge, this study is the first to report the comprehensive characterization of a BH₄ biosynthesis pathway in a fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Guangfei Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Yun Feng
- TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Haiqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Lu Feng
- TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Yong Q. Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Lei Wang
- TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
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Stephens LL, Shonhai A, Blatch GL. Co-expression of the Plasmodium falciparum molecular chaperone, PfHsp70, improves the heterologous production of the antimalarial drug target GTP cyclohydrolase I, PfGCHI. Protein Expr Purif 2011; 77:159-65. [PMID: 21262365 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2011.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Revised: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Molecular chaperones have been used for the improved expression of target proteins within heterologous systems; however, the chaperone and target protein have seldom been matched in terms of origin. We have developed a heterologous co-expression system that allows independent expression of the plasmodial chaperone, PfHsp70, and a plasmodial target protein. In this study, the target was Plasmodium falciparum GTP cyclohydrolase I (PfGCHI), the first enzyme in the plasmodial folate pathway. The sequential expression of the molecular chaperone followed by the target protein increased the expression of soluble functional PfGCHI. His-tagged PfGCHI was successfully purified using nickel affinity chromatography, and the specific activity was determined by high performance liquid chromatography with spectrofluorometeric detection to be 5.93nmol/h/mg. This is the first report of a heterologous co-expression system in which a plasmodial chaperone is harnessed for the improved production and purification of a plasmodial target protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda L Stephens
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rhodes University, South Africa
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Lamm AS, Khare A, Conville P, Lau PCK, Bergeron H, Rosazza JPN. Nocardia iowensis sp. nov., an organism rich in biocatalytically important enzymes and nitric oxide synthase. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2009; 59:2408-14. [PMID: 19622667 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.007427-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nocardia strain NRRL 5646, isolated from a garden soil sample in Osceola, Iowa, USA, was initially of interest as an antibiotic producer. It contained biocatalytically important enzymes and represented the first described nitric oxide synthase enzyme system in bacteria. The present polyphasic taxonomic study was undertaken to differentiate strain NRRL 5646(T) from related species of the genus Nocardia. Chemotaxonomic analyses included determinations of the fatty acid methyl ester profile (C(16 : 1)omega6c/C(16 : 1)omega7c, C(16 : 0), C(18 : 1)omega9c and C(18 : 0) 10-methyl as major components), quinone [cyclo MK-8(H(4)) as the major component], polar lipid (diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside as major components) and mycolic acid. These results supported its placement within the genus Nocardia. Biochemical testing and 16S rRNA, 65-kDa heat-shock protein (hsp65) and preprotein translocase (secA1) gene sequence analyses differentiated strain NRRL 5646(T) from recognized Nocardia species. Previous studies have demonstrated that other genetic sequences (carboxylic acid reductase, Nocardia phosphopantetheinyl transferase and GTP cyclohydrolase I) from strain NRRL 5646(T) can also be used to substantiate its uniqueness. The level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain NRRL 5646(T) and the type strains of Nocardia tenerifensis and Nocardia brasiliensis was 98.8 %. However, strain NRRL 5646(T) could be clearly distinguished from these Nocardia species based on DNA-DNA hybridization data. Consequently, strain NRRL 5646(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Nocardia, for which the name Nocardia iowensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NRRL 5646(T) (=UI 122540(T)=NRRL B-24671(T)=DSM 45197(T)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Lamm
- Center for Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing, 2501 Crosspark Road, Suite C100 Oakdale Research Park, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-5000, USA
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Lee S, Bergeron H, Lau PCK, Rosazza JPN. Thiols in nitric oxide synthase-containing Nocardia sp. strain NRRL 5646. Appl Environ Microbiol 2007; 73:3095-7. [PMID: 17337559 PMCID: PMC1892879 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02809-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycothiol (MSH) [1-D-myo-inosityl-2-(N-acetyl-l-cysteinyl)amido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside], isolated as the bimane derivative, was established to be the major thiol in Nocardia sp. strain NRRL 5646, a species most closely related to Nocardia brasiliensis strain DSM 43758(T). Thiol formation and detection of MSH-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase activity in cell extracts are relevant to the possible modulation of nitric oxide toxicity generated by strain NRRL 5646.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungwon Lee
- Division of Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, and Center for Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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