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Edwardson TGW, Levasseur MD, Tetter S, Steinauer A, Hori M, Hilvert D. Protein Cages: From Fundamentals to Advanced Applications. Chem Rev 2022; 122:9145-9197. [PMID: 35394752 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Proteins that self-assemble into polyhedral shell-like structures are useful molecular containers both in nature and in the laboratory. Here we review efforts to repurpose diverse protein cages, including viral capsids, ferritins, bacterial microcompartments, and designed capsules, as vaccines, drug delivery vehicles, targeted imaging agents, nanoreactors, templates for controlled materials synthesis, building blocks for higher-order architectures, and more. A deep understanding of the principles underlying the construction, function, and evolution of natural systems has been key to tailoring selective cargo encapsulation and interactions with both biological systems and synthetic materials through protein engineering and directed evolution. The ability to adapt and design increasingly sophisticated capsid structures and functions stands to benefit the fields of catalysis, materials science, and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stephan Tetter
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Angela Steinauer
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mao Hori
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Donald Hilvert
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Ji HX, Zou YL, Duan JJ, Jia ZR, Li XJ, Wang Z, Li L, Li YW, Liu GY, Tong MQ, Li XY, Zhang GH, Dai XR, He L, Li ZY, Cao C, Yang Y. The synthetic melanocortin (CKPV)2 exerts anti-fungal and anti-inflammatory effects against Candida albicans vaginitis via inducing macrophage M2 polarization. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56004. [PMID: 23457491 PMCID: PMC3573073 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined anti-fungal and anti-inflammatory effects of the synthetic melanocortin peptide (Ac-Cys-Lys-Pro-Val-NH2)2 or (CKPV)2 against Candida albicans vaginitis. Our in vitro results showed that (CKPV)2 dose-dependently inhibited Candida albicans colonies formation. In a rat Candida albicans vaginitis model, (CKPV)2 significantly inhibited vaginal Candida albicans survival and macrophages sub-epithelial mucosa infiltration. For mechanisms study, we observed that (CKPV)2 inhibited macrophages phagocytosis of Candida albicans. Meanwhile, (CKPV)2 administration inhibited macrophage pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) release, while increasing the arginase activity and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 production, suggesting macrophages M1 to M2 polarization. Cyclic AMP (cAMP) production was also induced by (CKPV)2 administration in macrophages. These above effects on macrophages by (CKPV)2 were almost reversed by melanocortin receptor-1(MC1R) siRNA knockdown, indicating the requirement of MC1R in the process. Altogether, our results suggest that (CKPV)2 exerted anti-fungal and anti-inflammatory activities against Candida albicans vaginitis probably through inducing macrophages M1 to M2 polarization and MC1R activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-xia Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Academic Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-lian Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Academic Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing-jing Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Academic Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-rong Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Academic Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xian-jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Academic Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Academic Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Physiology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong-wen Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Physiology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gen-yan Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming-Qing Tong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-yi Li
- Hefei Zhaoke Pharmaceutical, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guo-hui Zhang
- Hefei Zhaoke Pharmaceutical, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang-rong Dai
- Hefei Zhaoke Pharmaceutical, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling He
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Academic Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Academic Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (YY); (CC); (ZL)
| | - Cong Cao
- Neuroscience Institute, Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (YY); (CC); (ZL)
| | - Yong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Academic Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (YY); (CC); (ZL)
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Peptide phage display as a tool for drug discovery: targeting membrane receptors. Molecules 2011; 16:857-87. [PMID: 21258295 PMCID: PMC6259427 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16010857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligands selected from phage-displayed random peptide libraries tend to be directed to biologically relevant sites on the surface of the target protein. Consequently, peptides derived from library screenings often modulate the target protein’s activity in vitro and in vivo and can be used as lead compounds in drug design and as alternatives to antibodies for target validation in both genomics and drug discovery. This review discusses the use of phage display to identify membrane receptor modulators with agonistic or antagonistic activities. Because isolating or producing recombinant membrane proteins for use as target molecules in library screening is often impossible, innovative selection strategies such as panning against whole cells or tissues, recombinant receptor ectodomains, or neutralizing antibodies to endogenous binding partners were devised. Prominent examples from a two-decade history of peptide phage display will be presented, focusing on the design of affinity selection experiments, methods for improving the initial hits, and applications of the identified peptides.
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Pande J, Szewczyk MM, Grover AK. Phage display: concept, innovations, applications and future. Biotechnol Adv 2010; 28:849-58. [PMID: 20659548 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2010.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2010] [Revised: 06/27/2010] [Accepted: 07/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Phage display is the technology that allows expression of exogenous (poly)peptides on the surface of phage particles. The concept is simple in principle: a library of phage particles expressing a wide diversity of peptides is used to select those that bind the desired target. The filamentous phage M13 is the most commonly used vector to create random peptide display libraries. Several methods including recombinant techniques have been developed to increase the diversity of the library. On the other extreme, libraries with various biases can be created for specific purposes. For instance, when the sequence of the peptide that binds the target is known, its affinity and selectivity can be increased by screening libraries created with limited mutagenesis of the peptide. Phage libraries are screened for binding to synthetic or native targets. The initial screening of library by basic biopanning has been extended to column chromatography including negative screening and competition between selected phage clones to identify high affinity ligands with greater target specificity. The rapid isolation of specific ligands by phage display is advantageous in many applications including selection of inhibitors for the active and allosteric sites of the enzymes, receptor agonists and antagonists, and G-protein binding modulatory peptides. Phage display has been used in epitope mapping and analysis of protein-protein interactions. The specific ligands isolated from phage libraries can be used in therapeutic target validation, drug design and vaccine development. Phage display can also be used in conjunction with other methods. The past innovations and those to come promise a bright future for this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Pande
- Department of Medicine, HSC 4N41 McMaster Univ, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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