1
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Chen J, Luo J, Su D, Lu N, Zhao J, Luo Z. A Rapid Self-Assembling Peptide Hydrogel for Delivery of TFF3 to Promote Gastric Mucosal Injury Repair. Molecules 2024; 29:1944. [PMID: 38731435 PMCID: PMC11085398 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29091944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Self-assembled peptide-based nanobiomaterials exhibit promising prospects for drug delivery applications owing to their commendable biocompatibility and biodegradability, facile tissue uptake and utilization, and minimal or negligible unexpected toxicity. TFF3 is an active peptide autonomously secreted by gastric mucosal cells, possessing multiple biological functions. It acts on the surface of the gastric mucosa, facilitating the repair process of gastric mucosal damage. However, when used as a drug, TFF3 faces significant challenges, including short retention time in the gastric mucosal cavity and deactivation due to degradation by stomach acid. In response to this challenge, we developed a self-assembled short peptide hydrogel, Rqdl10, designed as a delivery vehicle for TFF3. Our investigation encompasses an assessment of its properties, biocompatibility, controlled release of TFF3, and the mechanism underlying the promotion of gastric mucosal injury repair. Congo red/aniline blue staining revealed that Rqdl10 promptly self-assembled in PBS, forming hydrogels. Circular dichroism spectra indicated the presence of a stable β-sheet secondary structure in the Rqdl10 hydrogel. Cryo-scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy observations demonstrated that the Rqdl10 formed vesicle-like structures in the PBS, which were interconnected to construct a three-dimensional nanostructure. Moreover, the Rqdl10 hydrogel exhibited outstanding biocompatibility and could sustainably and slowly release TFF3. The utilization of the Rqdl10 hydrogel as a carrier for TFF3 substantially augmented its proliferative and migratory capabilities, while concurrently bolstering its anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic attributes following gastric mucosal injury. Our findings underscore the immense potential of the self-assembled peptide hydrogel Rqdl10 for biomedical applications, promising significant contributions to healthcare science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialei Chen
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (J.C.); (D.S.); (N.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China;
| | - Di Su
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (J.C.); (D.S.); (N.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Na Lu
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (J.C.); (D.S.); (N.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jiawei Zhao
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (J.C.); (D.S.); (N.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Zhongli Luo
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (J.C.); (D.S.); (N.L.); (J.Z.)
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2
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Guo M, Wang R, Geng J, Li Z, Liu M, Lu X, Wei J, Liu M. Human TFF2-Fc fusion protein alleviates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in C57BL/6 mice by promoting intestinal epithelial cells repair and inhibiting macrophage inflammation. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:1387-1404. [PMID: 37129719 PMCID: PMC10153040 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01226-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The clinical drugs for ulcerative colitis mainly affect the inflammatory symposiums with limited outcomes and various side effects. Repairing the damaged intestinal mucosa is a promising and alternative strategy to treat ulcerative colitis. Trefoil factor family 2 (TFF2) could repair the intestinal mucosa, however, it has a short half-life in vivo. To improve the stability of TFF2, we have prepared a new fusion protein TFF2-Fc with much stability, investigated the therapeutic effect of TFF2-Fc on ulcerative colitis, and further illustrated the related mechanisms. We found that intrarectally administered TFF2-Fc alleviated the weight loss, the colon shortening, the disease activity index, the intestinal tissue injury, and the lymphocyte infiltration in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice. In vitro, TFF2-Fc inhibited Caco2 cells injury and apoptosis, promoted cellular migration, and increased the expression of Occludin and ZO-1 by activating P-ERK in the presence of H2O2 or inflammatory conditioned medium (LPS-RAW264.7/CM). Moreover, TFF2-Fc could reduce lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of inflammation cytokines and reactive oxygen species in RAW264.7 cells, and also inhibits the polarization of RAW264.7 cells to M1 phenotype by reducing glucose consumption and lactate production. Taken together, in this work, we have prepared a novel fusion protein TFF2-Fc, which could alleviate ulcerative colitis in vivo via promoting intestinal epithelial cells repair and inhibiting macrophage inflammation, and TFF2-Fc might serve as a promising ulcerative colitis therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Rongrong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Jiajia Geng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Jingyuan Biomedicine (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Mingfei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xuxiu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Jianteng Wei
- Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Special Food, Qingdao, 266109, China
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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3
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Steiner CA, Cartwright IM, Taylor CT, Colgan SP. Hypoxia-inducible factor as a bridge between healthy barrier function, wound healing, and fibrosis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C866-C878. [PMID: 35912990 PMCID: PMC9467472 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00227.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The healthy mammalian intestine is lined by a single layer of epithelial cells. These cells provide a selectively permeable barrier to luminal contents and normally do so in an efficient and effective manner. Barrier function in the healthy mucosa is provided via several mechanisms including epithelial junctional complexes, mucus production, as well as mucosal-derived antimicrobial proteins. As tissue metabolism is central to the maintenance of homeostasis in the mucosa, intestinal [Formula: see text] levels are uniquely low due to counter-current blood flow and the presence of the microbiota, resulting in the stabilization of the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). Ongoing studies have revealed that HIF molds normal intestinal metabolism and is central to the coordination of barrier regulation during both homeostasis and active disease. During acute inflammation, HIF is central to controlling the rapid restitution of the epithelium consistent with normal wound healing responses. In contrast, HIF may also contribute to the fibrostenotic response associated with chronic, nonresolving inflammation. As such, HIF may function as a double-edged sword in the overall course of the inflammatory response. Here, we review recent literature on the contribution of HIF to mucosal barrier function, wound healing, and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calen A Steiner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Medicine and the Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Ian M Cartwright
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Medicine and the Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
- Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Cormac T Taylor
- School of Medicine, Conway Institute and Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sean P Colgan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Medicine and the Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
- Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado
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4
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Braga Emidio N, Meli R, Tran HNT, Baik H, Morisset-Lopez S, Elliott AG, Blaskovich MAT, Spiller S, Beck-Sickinger AG, Schroeder CI, Muttenthaler M. Chemical Synthesis of TFF3 Reveals Novel Mechanistic Insights and a Gut-Stable Metabolite. J Med Chem 2021; 64:9484-9495. [PMID: 34142550 PMCID: PMC8273887 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
![]()
TFF3 regulates essential
gastro- and neuroprotective functions,
but its molecular mode of action remains poorly understood. Synthetic
intractability and lack of reliable bioassays and validated receptors
are bottlenecks for mechanistic and structure–activity relationship
studies. Here, we report the chemical synthesis of TFF3 and its homodimer via native chemical ligation followed by oxidative folding.
Correct folding was confirmed by NMR and circular dichroism, and TFF3
and its homodimer were not cytotoxic or hemolytic. TFF3, its homodimer,
and the trefoil domain (TFF310-50) were susceptible
to gastrointestinal degradation, revealing a gut-stable metabolite
(TFF37-54; t1/2 >
24
h) that retained its trefoil structure and antiapoptotic bioactivity.
We tried to validate the putative TFF3 receptors CXCR4 and LINGO2,
but neither TFF3 nor its homodimer displayed any activity up to 10
μM. The discovery of a gut-stable bioactive metabolite and reliable
synthetic accessibility to TFF3 and its analogues are cornerstones
for future molecular probe development and structure–activity
relationship studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayara Braga Emidio
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Rajeshwari Meli
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Hue N T Tran
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Hayeon Baik
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Séverine Morisset-Lopez
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS, Unité Propre de Recherche 4301, Université d'Orléans, Orleans 45071, France
| | - Alysha G Elliott
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Mark A T Blaskovich
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Sabrina Spiller
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | | | - Christina I Schroeder
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.,Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Markus Muttenthaler
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.,Institute of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
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5
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Li S, Ma B, Wang J, Peng H, Zheng M, Dai W, Liu J. Novel Pentapeptide Derived from Chicken by-Product Ameliorates DSS-Induced Colitis by Enhancing Intestinal Barrier Function via AhR-Induced Src Inactivation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:14192-14203. [PMID: 33210912 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Managing patients with refractory inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is a common clinical challenge. Galli Gigeriae Endothelium Corneum (GGEC), a chicken by-product, has been used for centuries in Asian countries as a functional food and supplement for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. In this study, a novel peptide (LNLYP, LP-5) with gastrointestinal stability that can enhance the intestinal barrier function that was first identified in GGEC. Our work demonstrated that aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation by LP-5 could inhibit the Src kinase to increase tight junction protein levels and down-regulate the expression of inflammatory cytokines to protect the intestinal barrier and finally alleviate dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. This study revealed that LP-5 had the potential to develop into a therapeutic agent for the treatment of colitis and provided new high-valued utilization of GGEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| | - Bin Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| | - Jin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| | - Hengying Peng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| | - Meng Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| | - Wenling Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| | - Jihua Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
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6
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Braga Emidio N, Brierley SM, Schroeder CI, Muttenthaler M. Structure, Function, and Therapeutic Potential of the Trefoil Factor Family in the Gastrointestinal Tract. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 3:583-597. [PMID: 32832864 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Trefoil factor family peptides (TFF1, TFF2, and TFF3) are key players in protecting, maintaining, and repairing the gastrointestinal tract. Accordingly, they have the therapeutic potential to treat and prevent a variety of gastrointestinal disorders associated with mucosal damage. TFF peptides share a conserved motif, including three disulfide bonds that stabilize a well-defined three-loop-structure reminiscent of a trefoil. Although multiple functions have been described for TFF peptides, their mechanisms at the molecular level remain poorly understood. This review presents the status quo of TFF research relating to gastrointestinal disorders. Putative TFF receptors and protein partners are described and critically evaluated. The therapeutic potential of these peptides in gastrointestinal disorders where altered mucosal biology plays a crucial role in the underlying etiology is discussed. Finally, areas of investigation that require further research are addressed. Thus, this review provides a comprehensive update on TFF literature as well as guidance toward future research to better understand this peptide family and its therapeutic potential for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayara Braga Emidio
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Stuart M Brierley
- Visceral Pain Research Group, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medicial Research Insittitue (FHMRI), Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia.,Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.,Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Christina I Schroeder
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.,National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Markus Muttenthaler
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.,Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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7
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Knappe D, Schmidt R, Adermann K, Hoffmann R. Continuous Subcutaneous Delivery of Proline-Rich Antimicrobial Peptide Api137 Provides Superior Efficacy to Intravenous Administration in a Mouse Infection Model. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2283. [PMID: 31632382 PMCID: PMC6783563 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Apidaecins are cationic, proline-rich antimicrobial peptides originally isolated from honeybees and exhibit high Gram-negative activity by inhibiting bacterial protein translation. Pharmacokinetics of apidaecin derivative Api137 was studied using single and multiple intravenous or subcutaneous injections as well as continuous subcutaneous infusion and correlated to its efficacy in a lethal murine Escherichia coli infection model. Survival rates of infected CD-1 mice were monitored and Api137 and its metabolites were quantified in plasma of uninfected CD-1 mice and Sprague Dawley rats using reversed-phase chromatography coupled online to mass spectrometry. The highest Api137 plasma levels of 23 mg/L were obtained after a single intravenous injection of 20 mg/kg body weight, which declined fast over the next 120 min (half-life time < 30 min). In contrast, continuous subcutaneous infusion of a similar dose over an hour (19.2 mg/kg/h) lead to stable plasma levels of ∼6 mg/L, which was above the minimal inhibitory concentration against E. coli ATCC 25922 (4 mg/L). The increased exposure by continuous subcutaneous administration of Api137 at 19.2 mg/kg/h over 48 h improved efficacy in the murine intraperitoneal sepsis model with survival rates of 67% over 5 days compared to 33% after intravenous and subcutaneous administration in different dosing schemes. To the best of our knowledge, continuous subcutaneous infusion using osmotic pumps was successfully utilized for delivery of an antimicrobial peptide for the first time. Additionally, the potential of apidaecin analogs as novel antibiotics is demonstrated even in a scenario where the infection site is clearly separated from the route of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Knappe
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.,Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.,AMP-Therapeutics GmbH, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rico Schmidt
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.,Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Ralf Hoffmann
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.,Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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8
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Dubeykovskaya ZA, Duddempudi PK, Deng H, Valenti G, Cuti KL, Nagar K, Tailor Y, Guha C, Kitajewski J, Wang TC. Therapeutic potential of adenovirus-mediated TFF2-CTP-Flag peptide for treatment of colorectal cancer. Cancer Gene Ther 2018; 26:48-57. [PMID: 30042499 PMCID: PMC6760534 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-018-0036-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
TFF2 is a small, secreted protein with anti-inflammatory properties. We previously have shown that TFF2 gene delivery via adenovirus (Ad-Tff2) suppresses colon tumor growth in colitis associated cancer. Therefore, systemic administration of TFF2 peptide could potentially provide a similar benefit. Because TFF2 shows a poor pharmacokinetic, we sought to modify the TFF2 peptide in a manner that would lower its clearance rate but retain bioactivity. Given the absence of a sequence-based prediction of TFF2 functionality, we chose to genetically fuse the C-terminus of TFF2 with the carboxyl-terminal peptide of human chorionic gonadotropin β subunit, and inserted into adenoviral vector that expresses Flag. The resulting Ad-Tff2-CTP-Flag construct translates into a TFF2 fused with two CTP and three Flag motifs. Administered Ad-Tff2-CTP-Flag decreased tumorigenesis and suppressed the expansion of myeloid cells in vivo. The fusion peptide TFF2-CTP-Flag delivered by adenovirus Ad-Tff2-CTP-Flag as well purified recombinant fusion TFF2-CTP-Flag was retained in the blood longer compared with wild-type TFF2 delivered by Ad-Tff2 or recombinant TFF2. Consistently, purified recombinant fusion TFF2-CTP-Flag suppressed expansion of myeloid cells by down-regulating cyclin D1 mRNA in vitro. Here, we demonstrate for the very first time the retained bioactivity and possible pharmacokinetic advantages of TFF2 with a modified C-terminus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinaida A Dubeykovskaya
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Phaneendra Kumar Duddempudi
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461-1602, USA
| | - Huan Deng
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Giovanni Valenti
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Krystle L Cuti
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karan Nagar
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yagnesh Tailor
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chandan Guha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jan Kitajewski
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835S. Wolcott Ave. E-202, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Timothy C Wang
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
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9
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Campos JC, Cunha JD, Ferreira DC, Reis S, Costa PJ. Challenges in the local delivery of peptides and proteins for oral mucositis management. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 128:131-146. [PMID: 29702221 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Oral mucositis, a common inflammatory side effect of oncological treatments, is a disorder of the oral mucosa that can cause painful ulcerations, local motor disabilities, and an increased risk of infections. Due to the discomfort it produces and the associated health risks, it can lead to cancer treatment restrains, such as the need for dose reduction, cycle delays or abandonment. Current mucositis management has low efficiency in prevention and treatment. A topical drug application for a local action can be a more effective approach than systemic routes when addressing oral cavity pathologies. Local delivery of growth factors, antibodies, and anti-inflammatory cytokines have shown promising results. However, due to the peptide and protein nature of these novel agents, and the several anatomic, physiological and environmental challenges of the oral cavity, their local action might be limited when using traditional delivering systems. This review is an awareness of the issues and strategies in the local delivery of macromolecules for the management of oral mucositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- João C Campos
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal(1).
| | - João D Cunha
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal(1)
| | - Domingos C Ferreira
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal(1)
| | - Salette Reis
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal(1)
| | - Paulo J Costa
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal(1)
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10
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Knappe D, Adermann K, Hoffmann R. Oncocin Onc72 is efficacious against antibiotic-susceptible Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 43816 in a murine thigh infection model. Biopolymers 2016; 104:707-11. [PMID: 25968331 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Oncocins and apidaecins are short proline-rich antimicrobial peptides (PrAMPs) representing novel antibiotic drug lead compounds that kill bacteria after internalization and inhibition of intracellular targets (e.g. 70S ribosome and DnaK). Oncocin Onc72 is highly active against Gram-negative bacteria in vitro and in vivo protecting mice in systemic infection models with Escherichia coli and KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. Here we studied its efficacy in a murine thigh infection model using meropenem as antibiotic comparator that had a 44-fold higher molar in vitro activity than Onc72. Male CD1 mice were rendered neutropenic using cyclophosphamide for four days before intramuscular infection with K. pneumoniae ATCC 43816. After 75 min oncocin Onc72 or the antibiotic comparator meropenem were administered subcutaneously with 100 mg (43 µmol) and 25 mg (65 µmol) per kg of body weight, respectively, six times every 75 min. Onc72 and meropenem administered subcutaneously reduced the thigh tissue burden of K. pneumoniae ATCC 43816 in neutropenic mice significantly by 4.14 and 4.65 a log10 cfu/g, respectively. The bacterial counts were ∼0.5 and ∼1 log10 below the pre-treatment burden, respectively, indicating bactericidal effects for both compounds. Thus, Onc72 was as efficacious as meropenem in vivo despite its much lower in vitro activity determined according to CLSI standard antimicrobial activity tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Knappe
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,AMP-Therapeutics GmbH, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Ralf Hoffmann
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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11
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Dubeykovskaya Z, Si Y, Chen X, Worthley DL, Renz BW, Urbanska AM, Hayakawa Y, Xu T, Westphalen CB, Dubeykovskiy A, Chen D, Friedman RA, Asfaha S, Nagar K, Tailor Y, Muthupalani S, Fox JG, Kitajewski J, Wang TC. Neural innervation stimulates splenic TFF2 to arrest myeloid cell expansion and cancer. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10517. [PMID: 26841680 PMCID: PMC4742920 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
CD11b+Gr-1+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) expand in the spleen during cancer and promote progression through suppression of cytotoxic T cells. An anti-inflammatory reflex arc involving the vagus nerve and memory T cells is necessary for resolution of acute inflammation. Failure of this neural circuit could promote procarcinogenic inflammation and altered tumour immunity. Here we show that splenic TFF2, a secreted anti-inflammatory peptide, is released by vagally modulated memory T cells to suppress the expansion of MDSCs through CXCR4. Splenic denervation interrupts the anti-inflammatory neural arc, resulting in the expansion of MDSCs and colorectal cancer. Deletion of Tff2 recapitulates splenic denervation to promote carcinogenesis. Colorectal carcinogenesis could be suppressed through transgenic overexpression of TFF2, adenoviral transfer of TFF2 or transplantation of TFF2-expressing bone marrow. TFF2 is important to the anti-inflammatory reflex arc and plays an essential role in arresting MDSC proliferation. TFF2 offers a potential approach to prevent and to treat cancer. During colorectal inflammation and cancer, myeloid cells accumulate in the spleen and suppress the host immunity response. In this study, the authors use a mouse model of colitis to demonstrate that upon vagus stimulation splenic memory T cells release TFF2, which suppresses the expansion of myeloid cells and cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zina Dubeykovskaya
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Yiling Si
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Xiaowei Chen
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Daniel L Worthley
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Bernhard W Renz
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA.,Department of General, Visceral, Transplantation, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Hospital of the University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Aleksandra M Urbanska
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Yoku Hayakawa
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Ting Xu
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - C Benedikt Westphalen
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Alexander Dubeykovskiy
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Duan Chen
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Pb 8905, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Richard A Friedman
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Samuel Asfaha
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Karan Nagar
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Yagnesh Tailor
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Sureshkumar Muthupalani
- Department of Biological Engineering, Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - James G Fox
- Department of Biological Engineering, Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Jan Kitajewski
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Timothy C Wang
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
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Li J, Luo Y, Zhang R, Shi H, Zhu W, Shi J. Neuropeptide Trefoil Factor 3 Reverses Depressive-Like Behaviors by Activation of BDNF-ERK-CREB Signaling in Olfactory Bulbectomized Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:28386-400. [PMID: 26633367 PMCID: PMC4691052 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The trefoil factors (TFFs) are a family of three polypeptides, among which TFF1 and TFF3 are widely distributed in the central nervous system. Our previous study indicated that TFF3 was a potential rapid-onset antidepressant as it reversed the depressive-like behaviors induced by acute or chronic mild stress. In order to further identify the antidepressant-like effect of TFF3, we applied an olfactory bulbectomy (OB), a classic animal model of depression, in the present study. To elucidate the mechanism underlying the antidepressant-like activity of TFF3, we tested the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK)-cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein (CREB) signaling in the hippocampus in the process. Chronic systemic administration of TFF3 (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.) for seven days not only produced a significant antidepressant-like efficacy in the OB paradigm, but also restored the expression of BDNF, pERK, and pCREB in the hippocampal CA3. Inhibition of BDNF or extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) signaling in CA3 blocked the antidepressant-like activity of TFF3 in OB rats. Our findings further confirmed the therapeutic effect of TFF3 against depression and suggested that the normalization of the BDNF-ERK-CREB pathway was involved in the behavioral response of TFF3 for the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Li
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug Dependence Research, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Yixiao Luo
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Ruoxi Zhang
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug Dependence Research, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Haishui Shi
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Weili Zhu
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug Dependence Research, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Jie Shi
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug Dependence Research, Beijing 100191, China.
- The State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing 100191, China.
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience of the Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Healthy, Beijing 100191, China.
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13
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Qin J, Yang X, Zhang RX, Luo YX, Li JL, Hou J, Zhang C, Li YJ, Shi J, Lu L, Wang JX, Zhu WL. Monocyte mediated brain targeting delivery of macromolecular drug for the therapy of depression. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2015; 11:391-400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2014.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Neuropeptide trefoil factor 3 attenuates naloxone-precipitated withdrawal in morphine-dependent mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2014; 231:4659-68. [PMID: 24825609 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-014-3615-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The persistence of physical dependence and craving in addicts is considered to contribute to relapse. Increasing evidence indicates that neuropeptide systems are associated with several phases of drug addiction, but little is known about whether the neuropeptide trefoil factor affects withdrawal symptoms. OBJECTIVES This study aims to investigate the potential effects of the neuropeptide trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) on naloxone-precipitated withdrawal symptoms in morphine-dependent mice. RESULTS Mice received increasing doses of morphine over 3 days. On day 4, the mice were injected with TFF3 (1.0 mg/kg, i.p.) 30 min after the last dose of morphine. Thirty minutes after TFF3 treatment, naloxone (1 mg/kg, i.p.) was injected, and body weight, jumping behavior, wet-dog shakes, and locomotor activity were assessed 30 min later. Naloxone caused significant weight loss and increased jumping behavior and wet-dog shakes in morphine-dependent mice. TFF3 (1.0 mg/kg) reversed these behavioral symptoms caused by morphine withdrawal, suggesting that TFF3 might ameliorate physical dependence associated with opiate addiction. Furthermore, TFF3 pretreatment significantly reduced morphine withdrawal-induced increases in plasma corticosterone and adrenocorticotropic hormone levels. The glucocorticoid receptor agonist RU486 blocked the behavioral effects of TFF3 on morphine withdrawal symptoms. Finally, Fos expression in the medial prefrontal cortex which was decreased during morphine withdrawal was increased by TFF3 pretreatment. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that TFF3 might be a potential therapeutic candidate for opiate addiction by regulating glucocorticoid secretion and neuronal activation in the prefrontal cortex.
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Qin J, Yang X, Mi J, Wang J, Hou J, Shen T, Li Y, Wang B, Li X, Zhu W. Enhanced antidepressant-like effects of the macromolecule trefoil factor 3 by loading into negatively charged liposomes. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:5247-57. [PMID: 25419129 PMCID: PMC4235500 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s69335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunocytes, mainly neutrophils and monocytes, exhibit an intrinsic homing property, enabling them to migrate to sites of injury and inflammation. They can thus act as Trojan horses carrying concealed drug cargoes while migrating across impermeable barriers to sites of disease, especially the blood–brain barrier (BBB). In this study, to target circulating phagocytic cells, we formulated negatively charged nanosize liposomes and loaded trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) into liposomes by the pH-gradient method. According to the optimized formulation (5:1.5 of lipid to cholesterol, 10:1 of lipid to drug, 10 mg/mL of lipid concentration, and 10 mmol/L of phosphate-buffered saline), 44.47% entrapment efficiency was obtained for TFF3 liposomes with 129.6 nm particle size and −36.6 mV zeta potential. Compared with neutrally charged liposomes, the negatively charged liposomes showed a strong binding capacity with monocytes and were effectively carried by monocytes to cross the BBB in vitro. Furthermore, enhanced antidepressant-like effects were found in the tail-suspension and forced-swim tests in mice, as measured by decreased immobility time, as well as increased swimming time and reduced immobility in rats. These results suggested that negatively charged liposomes could improve the behavioral responses of TFF3, and our study opens up a new way for the development of effective therapies for brain disease by increasing the permeability of the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, People's Republic of China ; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, People's Republic of China ; Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Mi
- Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Hou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, People's Republic of China ; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Teng Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongji Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Wang
- Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuri Li
- Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, People's Republic of China
| | - Weili Zhu
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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16
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Aamann L, Vestergaard EM, Grønbæk H. Trefoil factors in inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:3223-3230. [PMID: 24696606 PMCID: PMC3964394 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i12.3223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which comprises ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, is characterized by inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The trefoil factors 1, 2, and 3 (TFF1-3) are a family of peptides that play important roles in the protection and repair of epithelial surfaces, including the gastrointestinal tract. TFFs may be involved in IBD pathogenesis and are a potential treatment option. In the present review, we describe the TFF family and their potential role in IBD by summarizing the current knowledge of their expression, possible function and pharmacological role in IBD.
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17
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Samson MH. Quantitative measurements of trefoil factor family peptides: possibilities and pitfalls. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2013; 73:193-202. [PMID: 23391285 DOI: 10.3109/00365513.2013.765962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The trefoil factor family (TFF) peptides TFF1, TFF2, and TFF3 are produced and secreted by mucous membranes throughout the body. Their importance for the protection and repair of epithelial surfaces is well established, and the three peptides are present in various amounts in mucosal secretions as well as in the circulation. They have been linked to both inflammatory diseases and to various types of cancer, and serum concentrations of TFF3 show a more than 47-fold increase during pregnancy. Several both commercial and in-house immunoassays exist, but a number of methodological issues remain unresolved. This review describes methodological challenges in the measurement of the peptides in humans, and summarizes current knowledge concerning the occurrence and possible significance of the peptides in human health and disease.
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18
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Kelly CJ, Colgan SP. Targeting Hypoxia to Augment Mucosal Barrier Function. JOURNAL OF EPITHELIAL BIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY 2012; 5:67-76. [PMID: 28824735 PMCID: PMC5560425 DOI: 10.2174/1875044301205010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sites of inflammation are associated with profound changes in tissue metabolism. Studies in vitro and in vivo have shown that the activation of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) serves as an adaptive pathway for the resolution of inflammation associated with various murine disease models. The resolution of disease occurs, at least in part, through transcriptional regulation of non-classical epithelial barrier genes. There is significant recent interest in harnessing hypoxia-inducible pathways, including targeting the HIF and the proyl-hydroxylase (PHD) enzymes that stabilize HIF, to promote mucosal healing. Here, we review the signaling pathways involved and define how hypoxia-associated signaling provides mechanistic insight into augmenting barrier function in mucosal inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb J Kelly
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Sean P Colgan
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO USA
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19
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Qi G, Li J, Wang S, Xin S, Du P, Zhang Q, Zhao X. A chimeric peptide of intestinal trefoil factor containing cholesteryl ester transfer protein B cell epitope significantly inhibits atherosclerosis in rabbits after oral administration. Peptides 2011; 32:790-6. [PMID: 21192999 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2010.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2010] [Revised: 12/19/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination against cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) is proven to be effective for inhibiting atherosclerosis in animal models. In this study, the proteases-resistant intestinal trefoil factor (TFF3) was used as a molecular vehicle to construct chimeric TFF3 (cTFF3) containing CETP B cell epitope and tetanus toxin helper T cell epitope. It was found that cTFF3 still preserved a trefoil structure, and can resist proteases digestion in vitro. After oral immunization with cTFF3, the CETP-specific IgA and IgG could be found in intestine lavage fluid and serum, and the anti-CETP antibodies could inhibit partial CETP activity to increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, decrease low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and inhibit atherosclerosis in animals. Therefore, TFF3 is a potential molecular vehicle for developing oral peptide vaccines. Our research highlights a novel strategy for developing oral peptide vaccines in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaofu Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
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20
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Samson MH, Chaiyarit P, Nortvig H, Vestergaard EM, Ernst E, Nexo E. Trefoil factor family peptides in human saliva and cyclical cervical mucus. Method evaluation and results on healthy individuals. Clin Chem Lab Med 2011; 49:861-8. [PMID: 21275809 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2011.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trefoil peptides are 7-12 kDa molecules, se-creted by a variety of mucin-producing epithelial cells from different tissues and believed to be essential for protection and maintenance of gastrointestinal mucosa. Data on concentrations of trefoil peptides in secretions are limited. METHODS We validated in-house ELISA assays, developed for measurement of trefoil peptide concentrations (TFF1, TFF2 and TFF3) in serum, for use with saliva and cervical mucus. Saliva from healthy individuals (n=30), and cervical mucus as well as blood collected three times during the menstrual cycle from healthy women (n=18) were analyzed. RESULTS Recovery of all trefoil peptides in the initial supernatants of saliva and (cervical mucus) were 86 and (92)% or more. Recovery of exogenously added trefoil peptides was 93 and (95)% or more. Western blotting showed that antibodies used in the TFF3-ELISA assay recognised one molecule of the same size as TFF3 in both saliva and cervical mucus. Median concentrations of TFF1, TFF2 and TFF3 in saliva and (cervical mucus) were 2.7 (2.7), 0.08 (0.58) and 14 (430) nmol/g protein, with a significant decrease in concentrations in cervical mucus after ovulation. Serum concentrations resembled previously measured values in blood donors and showed no cyclic change. CONCLUSIONS Previously established ELISA assays can be employed for measurement of trefoil peptides in saliva and cervical mucus. TFF3 was the predominant trefoil peptide in both saliva and cervical mucus, and TFF3 in cervical mucus represents the highest concentration measured in a biological fluid to date.
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21
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Li J, Zhou R, He WC, Xia B. Effects of recombinant human intestinal trefoil factor on trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid induced colitis in rats. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 38:4787-92. [PMID: 21153768 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0616-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2010] [Accepted: 11/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal trefoil factor (ITF) has been proved to be effective in treatment of ulcerative colitis. However, the mechanisms of it remain unclear. In this study, we observed the effects of combined treatment with 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and recombinant human ITF (rhITF) on the expression of Myeloperoxidase (MPO), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) in trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS) induced colitis in rats. Forty Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats which were induced to distal colitis by the colonic administration of TNBS, were randomly divided into four groups and colonically treated with normal saline (A), 5-ASA (B), rhITF (C), respectively. The macroscopic and histological changes of the colon, activities of MPO, expressions of serum EGF and tissue NF-κB were detected. The results showed that manifestation, colonic damage score and MPO activities of the rats treated with 5-ASA or/and rhITFs were improved, serum EGF production was augmented and expression of tissue NF-κB was down-regulated. Single usage of 5-ASA or rhITF had no significant difference, but combined using of them had more significant and noticeable effects compared to any single treatment. It could be concluded that topical treatment with 5-ASA and rhITF had beneficial effects in treating TNBS-induced colitis of rats and combined treatment was better than single treatment. It was possibly related to suppression of neutrophil infiltration, down-regulation expression of NF-κB and up-regulation expression of EGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Provincial Center of Clinical Study for Intestinal & Colonrectal Disease, Donghu Road 169, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Synthesis and localization of trefoil factor family (TFF) peptides in the human urinary tract and TFF2 excretion into the urine. Cell Tissue Res 2010; 339:639-47. [PMID: 20063012 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-009-0913-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2009] [Accepted: 11/20/2009] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Trefoil factor family (TFF) peptides promote regeneration and repair processes of mucous epithelia. They also probably play a key role in the remarkable regenerative capacity of the urinary tract epithelia. We have localized TFF1, TFF2, and TFF3 expression systematically in surgical specimens from the urinary tract by reverse transcription with the polymerase chain reaction, Western blot analysis, and immunohistochemistry. Urine samples from patients suffering from nephrolithiasis have been investigated and compared with those of healthy controls. TFF synthesis is detectable along the entire urinary tract epithelia. TFF3 synthesis is the most pronounced followed by TFF1, whereas TFF2 synthesis is occasionally detectable but only in trace amounts. In contrast, TFF2 is the predominant TFF peptide excreted into the urine, and significantly increased urinary TFF2 levels (together with occasionally raised TFF3 levels) have been observed in patients suffering from nephrolithiasis. Thus, we consider that TFF3 plays a major part in regeneration and restitution processes in urinary tract epithelia. TFF2 and probably also TFF3 are candidate biomarkers for nephrolithiasis and possibly other inflammatory conditions of the urinary tract.
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23
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Sun Y, Wu W, Zhang Y, Lv S, Wang L, Wang S, Peng X. Stability analysis of recombinant human TFF2 and its therapeutic effect on burn-induced gastric injury in mice. Burns 2009; 35:869-74. [PMID: 19487079 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2008.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2008] [Accepted: 12/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The trefoil factor family 2 (TFF2), a member of the trefoil factor family, plays a critical role in maintaining homeostasis throughout the gastrointestinal tract. In the present study, we expressed recombinant human TFF2 by Escherichia coli expression system with the purity above 95%. In an in vitro simulated gastrointestinal environment, rhTFF2 was shown to exhibit resistance to proteases, heat, acid and alkali. In addition, in mouse burn-induced gastric injury models, rhTFF2 was demonstrated to accelerate the healing of gastric mucosal lesions. This study provides a new way to treat burn-induced gastric injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Sun
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 40038, PR China.
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Dubeykovskaya Z, Dubeykovskiy A, Solal-Cohen J, Wang TC. Secreted trefoil factor 2 activates the CXCR4 receptor in epithelial and lymphocytic cancer cell lines. J Biol Chem 2008; 284:3650-62. [PMID: 19064997 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m804935200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The secreted trefoil factor family 2 (TFF2) protein contributes to the protection of the gastrointestinal mucosa from injury by strengthening and stabilizing mucin gels, stimulating epithelial restitution, and restraining the associated inflammation. Although trefoil factors have been shown to activate signaling pathways, no cell surface receptor has been directly linked to trefoil peptide signaling. Here we demonstrate the ability of TFF2 peptide to activate signaling via the CXCR4 chemokine receptor in cancer cell lines. We found that both mouse and human TFF2 proteins (at approximately 0.5 microm) activate Ca2+ signaling in lymphoblastic Jurkat cells that could be abrogated by receptor desensitization (with SDF-1alpha) or pretreatment with the specific antagonist AMD3100 or an anti-CXCR4 antibody. TFF2 pretreatment of Jurkat cells decreased Ca2+ rise and chemotactic response to SDF-1alpha. In addition, the CXCR4-negative gastric epithelial cell line AGS became highly responsive to TFF2 treatment upon expression of the CXCR4 receptor. TFF2-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases in gastric and pancreatic cancer cells, KATO III and AsPC-1, respectively, was also dependent on the presence of the CXCR4 receptor. Finally we demonstrate a distinct proliferative effect of TFF2 protein on an AGS gastric cancer cell line that expresses CXCR4. Overall these data identify CXCR4 as a bona fide signaling receptor for TFF2 and suggest a mechanism through which TFF2 may modulate immune and tumorigenic responses in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinaida Dubeykovskaya
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
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25
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Vestergaard EM, Nexo E, Wendt A, Guthmann F. Trefoil factors in human milk. Early Hum Dev 2008; 84:631-5. [PMID: 18502057 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2008.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2008] [Revised: 04/07/2008] [Accepted: 04/08/2008] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We measured concentrations of the gastrointestinal protective peptides Trefoil factors in human milk. By the use of in-house ELISA we detected high amounts of TFF3, less TFF1 and virtually no TFF2 in human breast milk obtained from 46 mothers with infants born extremely preterm (24-27 wk gestation), preterm (28-37 wk gestation), and full term (38-42 wk gestation). Samples were collected during the first, second, third to fourth weeks and more than 4 wks postpartum. Median (range) TFF1 [TFF3] concentrations in human milk were 320 (30-34000) [1500 (150-27,000)] pmol/L in wk 1, 120 (30-720) [310 (50-7100)] pmol/L in wk 2, 70 (20-670) [120 (20-650)] pmol/L in wks 3 to 4, and 60 (30-2500) [80 (20-540)] pmol/L in >4 wks after delivery. The lowest concentrations of TFF1 and TFF3 were found later than 2 wks after birth. In conclusion, TFF was present in term and preterm human milk with rapidly declining concentrations during the first weeks post partum. The clinical significance of TFF present in human milk remains to be explored, both regarding development of the fetal gut and protection against necrotizing enterocolitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Else Marie Vestergaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Aarhus, Denmark.
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