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Yang H, Wang Y, Liu S, Zhang S, Chen Y, Ding J, Chen S, Zhu F, Xia B, Luo P, Liu Y. Polysaccharide alleviates neurodegeneration and behavioral deficit by enhancing mitochondrial autophagy in chronic methamphetamine mice. Neurotoxicology 2025; 107:53-61. [PMID: 39954861 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2025.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2024] [Revised: 01/18/2025] [Accepted: 02/13/2025] [Indexed: 02/17/2025]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a psychostimulant drug widely abused because of its addictive properties.Its impact on the central nervous system is a major area of interest due to its unique ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, facilitated by its dual water and lipid solubility. Studies have indicated that oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, neuronal apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction are primary mechanisms of METH-induced neurotoxicity. Mitophagy, a process regulated by the phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) induced kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin signaling pathway, has emerged as a critical mechanism for preserving mitochondrial function. Polysaccharides derived from bamboo fungus have shown potential in mitigating neurotoxicity. However, the role of these polysaccharides in ameliorating methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether polysaccharides could alleviate neurodegeneration in a chronic METH mice model and elucidate the underlying mechanisms and elucidate the mechanisms underlying METH-induced neuronal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550001, China
| | - Yuanhe Wang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550001, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Guiyang City Public Security Bureau Drug Testing Center, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550008, China
| | - Shan Zhang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550001, China
| | - Yuemeng Chen
- Guiyang City Public Security Bureau Drug Testing Center, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550008, China
| | - Jiuyang Ding
- School of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550001, China
| | - Shunqin Chen
- School of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550001, China
| | - Faze Zhu
- School of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550001, China
| | - Bing Xia
- School of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550001, China.
| | - Peng Luo
- School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, China; School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China; Guizhou Provincial Engineering Research Center of Ecological Food Innovation, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550025, China.
| | - Yubo Liu
- School of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550001, China; School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China; Guizhou Provincial Engineering Research Center of Ecological Food Innovation, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550025, China.
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Bjorness TE, Greene RW. Orexin-mediated motivated arousal and reward seeking. Peptides 2024; 180:171280. [PMID: 39159833 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
The neuromodulator orexin has been identified as a key factor for motivated arousal including recent evidence that sleep deprivation-induced enhancement of reward behavior is modulated by orexin. While orexin is not necessary for either reward or arousal behavior, orexin neurons' broad projections, ability to sense the internal state of the animal, and high plasticity of signaling in response to natural rewards and drugs of abuse may underlie heightened drug seeking, particularly in a subset of highly motivated reward seekers. As such, orexin receptor antagonists have gained deserved attention for putative use in addiction treatments. Ongoing and future clinical trials are expected to identify individuals most likely to benefit from orexin receptor antagonist treatment to promote abstinence, such as those with concurrent sleep disorders or high craving, while attention to methodological considerations will aid interpretation of the numerous preclinical studies investigating disparate aspects of the role of orexin in reward and arousal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa E Bjorness
- Research Service, VA North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, TX 75126, USA; Departments of Psychiatry University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9111, USA.
| | - Robert W Greene
- Departments of Psychiatry University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9111, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9111, USA; International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
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Ezzati MR, Ezzati MJ, Fattahi M, Mozafari R, Azizbeigi R, Haghparast A. The role of D1-like dopamine receptors within the ventral tegmental area in the cannabidiol's inhibitory effects on the methamphetamine-induced conditioned place preference in rats. Brain Res Bull 2024; 216:111038. [PMID: 39097033 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.111038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-psychoactive drug extracted from marijuana. It is well established that CBD attenuates the reinforcing effects of drugs of abuse, although its mechanism of action is not fully understood. The current study tries to clarify the role of D1-like dopamine receptors (D1R) in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) in the inhibitory effects of the CBD on the acquisition and expression of methamphetamine (METH)-conditioned place preference (CPP). In the CPP training, adult male Wistar rats were conditioned with subcutaneous administration of METH (1 mg/kg) for five days. Three groups of animals were treated with multiple doses of SCH23390 (as a D1R antagonist; 0.25, 1, and 4 μg/0.3 μl saline) in the VTA, respectively, before intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of CBD (10 μg/5 μl DMSO) in the acquisition phase. In the second experiment of the study, rats received SCH23390 in the VTA before ICV administration of CBD (50 μg/5 μl DMSO) in the expression of METH CPP. Here, the current study demonstrated that CBD inhibits the acquisition and expression of METH CPP, while microinjection of D1R antagonists (1 and 4 μg) into the VTA significantly reduced CBD's suppressive effect on the acquisition and expression of METH place preference. Furthermore, this research demonstrated that either SCH23390 or CBD alone does not lead to place preference in the CPP paradigm. Based on these data, this study suggests that pharmacological manipulations of D1R may alter the CBD's effect on METH-conditioned preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Ezzati
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Ezzati
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojdeh Fattahi
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Mozafari
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ronak Azizbeigi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Abbas Haghparast
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Basic Sciences, Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Moshrefi F, Farrokhi AM, Fattahi M, Azizbeigi R, Haghparast A. The role of orexin receptors within the CA1 area in the acquisition and expression of methamphetamine place preference. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 172:291-299. [PMID: 38428165 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Treatment of Methamphetamine (METH) use disorder has become a crucial public health issue. The orexin system manipulation has provided promising evidence to attenuate addictive-like behaviors. This study explored the role of the orexin 1 receptor and orexin 2 receptor (OX1R and OX2R) in the CA1 area of the hippocampal formation in the acquisition and expression of METH-induced place preference. Animals were subjected to bilateral administration of different dosages (1, 3, 10, and 30 nmol/0.5 μl DMSO per side) of a selective OX1R antagonist, SB334867, or selective OX2R antagonist, TCS OX2 29 into the CA1 area throughout the conditioning phase or once on the post-conditioning phase in separate control and experimental groups. Behavioral data revealed that both OX1R (10 nmol; P < 0.01 and 30 nmol; P < 0.001) and OX2R (10 nmol; P < 0.05 and 30 nmol; P < 0.001) antagonism during the conditioning phase could block the formation of METH place preference dose-dependently. In addition, intra-CA1 microinjection of SB334867 on the post-conditioning phase attenuated the expression of METH place preference in a dose-dependent manner (3 nmol; P < 0.05, 10 nmol; P < 0.01 and 30 nmol; P < 0.001) whereas intra-CA1 administration of TCS OX2 29 only at the highest dosage (30 nmol) declined the expression of METH place preference (P < 0.01). It was also indicated that the suppressive effects of orexin receptor blockade on the METH-seeking behavior in the CA1 area were anatomically specific to this area. These findings support the possibility of targeting the orexin system to develop novel and successful pharmacological options for the treatment of METH dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazel Moshrefi
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Basic Sciences, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Amir Mohammad Farrokhi
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Neurophysiology Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojdeh Fattahi
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ronak Azizbeigi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Abbas Haghparast
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Basic Sciences, Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Chen KT, Huang MC, Lin C, Chang HM, Kao CF. GxE interaction effects of HCRTR2 single nucleotide polymorphism and adverse childhood experiences on methamphetamine use disorder. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2024; 50:84-94. [PMID: 38295363 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2023.2297661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Background: Methamphetamine use disorder (MUD) is a worldwide health concern. The hypothalamic orexin system regulates stress response and addictive behaviors. The genetic variation in the hypocretin receptor 2 (HCRTR2), rs2653349, is associated with substance use disorder.Objectives: We explored the gene-environment (GxE) interaction of rs2653349 and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) associated with MUD susceptibility.Methods: Four hundred and one individuals (336 males, 65 females) with MUD and 348 healthy controls (288 males, 60 females) completed a self-report questionnaire evaluating ACEs, encompassing childhood abuse and household dysfunction categories, and were genotyped for SNP rs2653349. Methamphetamine use variables were collected using the Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies. We used regression analyses to assess the GxE effect on MUD risk.Results: The MUD group had a comparable genotypic distribution for rs2653349 to the control group, albeit with a higher prevalence and number of types of ACEs, correlating with an increased MUD risk (p < .05). No significant genetic impact of rs2653349 on MUD risk was found. However, we observed a GxE interaction effect between the minor allele of rs2653349 and the number of childhood abuse or household dysfunction types, correlating with a reduced MUD risk (OR = -0.71, p = .04, Benjamini-Hochberg adjusted p = .08 and OR = -0.59, p = .045, Benjamini-Hochberg adjusted p = .09, respectively).Conclusion: HCRTR2 SNP rs2653349 has no significant impact on MUD risk, but ACEs may increase this risk. GxE results suggest that rs2653349 could offer protection against developing MUD in individuals experiencing multiple types of ACEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Ting Chen
- Department of General Medicine, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chyi Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Psychiatric Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hu-Ming Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Feng Kao
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Advanced Plant and Food Crop Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Zamanirad F, Eskandari K, Mousavi Z, Haghparast A. Blockade of the orexin-2 receptors within the ventral tegmental area facilitates the extinction and prevents the reinstatement of methamphetamine-seeking behavior. Physiol Behav 2024; 273:114382. [PMID: 37866644 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Repeated use of methamphetamine (METH) causes severe effects on the central nervous system, associated with an increased relapse rate. The orexinergic system is highly implicated in the reward circuitry and may be a promising target for treating psychostimulant dependency. The present study aimed to investigate the involvement of the orexin system, mainly the orexin-2 receptors (OX2R) in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) in the extinction and reinstatement of METH-seeking behavior using a conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm. To this end, animals received METH (1 mg/kg; sc) for a 5-day conditioning period. Then, in the first set of experiments, different groups of rats were given intra-VTA TCS OX2 29 (1, 3, 10, or 30 nmol/0.3 μl DMSO) as an OX2R antagonist over a 10-day extinction period. In another experiment, after the extinction period, a different set of animals received a single dose of TCS OX2 29 (1, 3, 10, or 30 nmol) before the priming dose of METH (0.25 mg/kg; sc) on the reinstatement day. The results revealed that TCS OX2 29 (10 and 30 nmol) remarkably facilitated the extinction of rewarding properties of METH (P < 0.001 for both doses). Furthermore, TCS OX2 29 (3, 10, or 30 nmol) significantly suppressed the METH-induced reinstatement (3 nmol; P < 0.05, 10 nmol; P < 0.01, and 30 nmol; P < 0.001). In conclusion, the current study revealed that the orexinergic system, specifically the VTA OX2R, is involved in METH-seeking behaviors and that manipulation of this system can be considered a potential therapeutics in treating METH dependency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdos Zamanirad
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kiarash Eskandari
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Mousavi
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Haghparast
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Basic Sciences, Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Yates JR. Quantifying conditioned place preference: a review of current analyses and a proposal for a novel approach. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1256764. [PMID: 37693282 PMCID: PMC10484009 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1256764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Conditioned place preference (CPP) is used to measure the conditioned rewarding effects of a stimulus, including food, drugs, and social interaction. Because various analytic approaches can be used to quantify CPP, this can make direct comparisons across studies difficult. Common methods for analyzing CPP involve comparing the time spent in the CS+ compartment (e.g., compartment paired with drug) at posttest to the time spent in the CS+ compartment at pretest or to the CS- compartment (e.g., compartment paired with saline) at posttest. Researchers can analyze the time spent in the compartment(s), or they can calculate a difference score [(CS+post - CS+pre) or (CS+post - CS-post)] or a preference ratio (e.g., CS+post/(CS+post + CS-post)). While each analysis yields results that are, overall, highly correlated, there are situations in which different analyses can lead to discrepant interpretations. The current paper discusses some of the limitations associated with current analytic approaches and proposes a novel method for quantifying CPP, the adjusted CPP score, which can help resolve the limitations associated with current approaches. The adjusted CPP score is applied to both hypothetical and previously published data. Another major topic covered in this paper is methodologies for determining if individual subjects have met criteria for CPP. The paper concludes by highlighting ways in which researchers can increase transparency and replicability in CPP studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin R. Yates
- Department of Psychological Science, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY, United States
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Modaberi S, Amirteymori H, Mesgar S, Eskandari K, Haghparast A. The blockade of orexin receptors within the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus attenuated methamphetamine-induced reward learning during conditioning place preference. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2023; 226:173559. [PMID: 37100179 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Orexins and orexinergic receptors have been shown to play a critical role in reward processing and drug addiction. Previous studies showed that the orexinergic system in the dentate gyrus (DG) region of the hippocampus affects the conditioning (acquisition) and post-conditioning (expression) phases of morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP). The action of each orexin receptor within the DG during conditioning and expression phases for methamphetamine (METH)-induced CPP remains unclear. The present study aimed to determine the role of orexin-1 and -2 receptors in the hippocampal DG in METH CPP acquisition and expression. During the 5-day conditioning phase, rats received an intra-DG microinjection of SB334867, a selective orexin-1 receptor (OX1R) antagonist, or TCS OX2-29, a selective orexin-2 receptor (OX2R) antagonist, before injection of METH (1 mg/kg; sc). In different sets of animals on the expression day, rats received each antagonist before the CPP test. The results showed that SB334867 (3, 10, and 30 nmol) and TCS OX2-29 (3, 10, and 30 nmol) significantly decreased the acquisition of METH CPP during the conditioning phase. Furthermore, administration of SB 334867 (10 and 30 nmol) and TCS OX2-29 (3 and 10 nmol) on the post-conditioning day significantly reduced METH-induced CPP expression. The results also indicated that orexin receptors play a more critical role in the conditioning phase than in the expression phase. In summary, the orexin receptors in the DG play a crucial role in drug learning and memory and are essential for METH reward acquisition and expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaghayegh Modaberi
- Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Haleh Amirteymori
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somaye Mesgar
- Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kiarash Eskandari
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abbas Haghparast
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Basic Sciences, Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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