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Guo J, Wang X, Wang W, Jia L, Guo W, Wu G. Protective effects of pretreatment with Fe 2+, Cu 2+, and Rb + on phoxim poisoning in silkworm, Bombyx mori. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 68:126844. [PMID: 34425455 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phoxim is a widely used organophosphorus pesticide in agriculture. People are paying more and more attention to its toxicity. At present, there is no appropriate way to solve the phoxim poisoning of silkworm, which severely affected the development of sericulture. Fe2+, Cu2+, Rb+ exerted their biological effects through various forms in vivo. METHODS To evaluate the effect of Fe2+/Cu2+/Rb+ on phoxim poisoning in silkworm, Bombyx mori were treated with fresh mulberry leaves soaked in 2.5 mg/L phoxim for 2 min with 50 mg/L FeCl2, 150 mg/L CuCl2, or 0.5 mg/L RbCl from 5 days of the fifth-instar silkworm. RESULTS Fe2+, Cu2+, and Rb+ pretreatments significantly inhibited the phoxim-induced reduction of survival rate and alleviated the phoxim-induced poisoning symptoms. The protective effects of Fe2+, Cu2+, and Rb+ on phoxim poisoning might be due to their enhancement of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and carboxylesterase (CarE) in the hemolymph and fat body of silkworm. This enhancement might reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and oxidative stress (OS) caused by phoxim poisoning. Thereby it reduced the damage to silkworm tissues and cells. CONCLUSIONS These results showed that Fe2+, Cu2+, and Rb+ treatments protected the silkworm from phoxim poisoning by directly enhancing the activity of SOD, CAT, and CarE enzymes and reducing oxidative stress, but not dependent on the high expression of CYP genes. The use of Fe2+, Cu2+, and Rb+ to enhance the activity of SOD, CAT, and CarE enzymes may be an underlying effective way to solve phoxim poisoning in the silkworm industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Guo
- College of Biotechnology and Sericultural Research Institute, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212018, PR China; College of Agriculture, Anshun University, Anshun, 561000, PR China
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Sericultural Research Institute, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212018, PR China
| | - Wenrong Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Sericultural Research Institute, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212018, PR China
| | - Lingling Jia
- College of Biotechnology and Sericultural Research Institute, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212018, PR China
| | - Wei Guo
- College of Biotechnology and Sericultural Research Institute, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212018, PR China
| | - Guohua Wu
- College of Biotechnology and Sericultural Research Institute, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212018, PR China.
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Shao Y, Xin XD, Liu ZX, Wang J, Zhang R, Gui ZZ. Transcriptional response of detoxifying enzyme genes in Bombyx mori under chlorfenapyr exposure. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 177:104899. [PMID: 34301361 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The silkworm, Bombyx mori (B. mori) is an important economic insect which ingests mulberry leaves and products the silk in industry. Chlorfenapyr is a new halogenated pyrrole insecticide which has been promoted for the control of mulberry insect pests in China. However, the detoxification mechanism of the silkworm to chlorfenapyr has not been investigated yet. In the present study, we first estimated the LC30 dose of chlorfenapyr for 3rd instar B. mori larvae, and then, in order to characterise the chlorfenapyr detoxification mechanism, the transcriptomes of chlorfenapyr-treated and untreated 3rd instar B. mori larvae were compared using RNA-sequencing. In total, 146, 533, 126 and 148, 957, 676 clean reads were obtained from insecticide-treated and control silkworm larvae, respectively, and these reads generated 10, 954 genes. The transcriptional profile of silkworm larvae was significantly influenced by chlorfenapyr treatment. A total of 1196 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in insecticide-treated and control B. mori larvae, in which 644 genes were upregulated and 552 genes were downregulated. Results showed that multiple DEGs were enriched in detoxication-related gene ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. Eleven detoxifying enzyme genes which differentially expressed were screened, and their expression patterns were validated by qRT-PCR. Furthermore, we successfully knocked down all differentially upregulated detoxifying enzyme genes, and a bioassay showed that the mortality of chlorfenapyr-treated silkworm larvae was significantly higher after silencing these genes than in groups injected with dsGFP. The present study reveals the molecular basis of silkworm detoxification to chlorfenapyr exposure, and provides new insights into the management of insecticide damage in the silkworm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shao
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, PR China; Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, PR China
| | - Xiang-Dong Xin
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, PR China; Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, PR China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Liu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, PR China
| | - Jiao Wang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, PR China
| | - Ran Zhang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, PR China; Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, PR China
| | - Zhong-Zheng Gui
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, PR China; Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, PR China.
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Zhao G, Guo H, Zhang H, Zhang X, Qian H, Li G, Xu A. Effects of pyriproxyfen exposure on immune signaling pathway and transcription of detoxification enzyme genes in fat body of silkworm, Bombyx mori. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 168:104621. [PMID: 32711761 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2020.104621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sericulture is a very important and flourishing industry in developing countries. Bombyx mori is a kind of important and well-studied economic insects in the whole world. In China, applying of pyriproxyfen pesticide often resulted in non-cocooning and silk yield reduction. However, the effects of pyriproxyfen exposure on immune signaling pathway in fat body of silkworm has not been reported yet now. In the present study, we found that the growth and development of silkworm were significantly affected by pyriproxyfen exposure and the fat body tissues were injured after treatment. It was also showed that the expressions of key genes of PI3K/Akt and CncC/Keap1 pathway can be elevated at 24-96 h after pyriproxyfen exposure. Furtherly, the relative expression levels of detoxification enzyme genes and the activities of detoxification enzymes were both increased by pyriproxyfen exposure. These results provided comprehensive view of fat body injury and gene expression changes in silkworm after pyriproxyfen exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Zhao
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China; Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China
| | - Huimin Guo
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China
| | - Heying Qian
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China; Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China
| | - Gang Li
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China; Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China
| | - Anying Xu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China; Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China.
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Cheng X, Hu J, Li J, Chen J, Wang H, Mao T, Xue B, Li B. The silk gland damage and the transcriptional response to detoxifying enzymes-related genes of Bombyx mori under phoxim exposure. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 209:964-971. [PMID: 30114747 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.06.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Silk gland is a major organ of Bombyx mori for the synthesis and secretion of silk protein. Phoxim exposure can be toxic to B. mori and causes a decrease of fibroin synthesis, finally affecting the silk production in industry. To study the mechanism of metabolism and detoxification of silk gland under phoxim exposure, we measured the residual quantity of phoxim in silk gland and hemolymph after phoxim exposure, and the detoxifying enzymes-related genes and enzyme activity were also investigated. Results indicated that the residual amount of phoxim existed up to 24 h in silk gland compared with that in hemolymph, suggesting that phoxim can accumulate in the silk glands within a certain time course. The transcriptional levels of PI3K/Akt genes, including Akt, Tor1, p70s6k and 4e-bp, were up-regulated by 6.919, 1.358, 10.766 and 7.708-fold, respectively. The expression of two downstream genes (CncC and Keap1) was up-regulated by 1.939 and 3.373-fold, respectively. In addition, the transcriptional levels of detoxification-related genes including CYP6AB, CYP306A, CarE2, GST1 and GSTd1 were up-regulated by 1.731, 1.221, 1.366, 1.376 and 6.591-fold, respectively. The enzymatic activity of CYP450, CarE and GST were increased over time. These results provided possible insights into the injury of silk gland and the transcriptional response to detoxifying enzymes-related genes in silkworm after phoxim exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Cheng
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Jiahuan Hu
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Jinxin Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Jian Chen
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Tingting Mao
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Bin Xue
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China.
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Chen M, Zhai J, Liu Y, Xue B, Hu J, Cheng X, Li J, Hu J, Li B. Molecular cloning and characterization of C1 tetrahydrofolate (C1-THF) synthase in Bombyx mori, silkworm. Gene 2018; 663:25-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Hu JH, Cheng XY, Li JX, Xue B, Tian JH, Hu JS, Li B. Apoptosis of posterior silk gland of Bombyx mori during spinning period and the role of PI3K/Akt pathway. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 98:e21450. [PMID: 29400415 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Bombyx mori is an economic insect of the Lepidoptera. Its posterior silk gland (PSG) is an important organ for fibroin synthesis. In order to study the occurrence of apoptosis in PSG and the role of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway during spinning period, changes in morphology of silk gland, expressions of fibroin components Fib-H, Fib-L and P25 and Akt, TOR2, P70S6K and S6 in PI3K/Akt pathway, expressions of apoptosis related genes caspase-3, caspase-9 and activity of caspase-3 were explored. The results showed that the morphology of silk gland dramatically degenerated; transcription of Fib-H, Fib-L, and P25 gradually declined with time; and Fib-L protein level reduced by 0.6-fold at 72 h. Moreover, the transcription levels of Akt, TOR2, P70S6K, and S6 also decreased by 0.3-, 0.8-, 0.7-, and 0.1-fold, respectively, indicating that the downregulation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway could lead to reduction in fibroin synthesis. In addition, the transcription levels of caspase-3 and caspase-9 increased by 1.3- and 3.6-fold, respectively, and the enzyme activity of caspase-3 grew at a maximum of 1.6-fold. The results showed the occurrence of apoptosis in PSG during spinning period. In conclusion, the present study indicated that both the decline in fibroin components and the increase in apoptosis-related genes were regulated by PI3K/Akt signaling pathway during spinning period, which shed new light on the functions of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Huan Hu
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yu Cheng
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Xin Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Bin Xue
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Jiang-Hai Tian
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Sheng Hu
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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7
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Clone and functional analysis of Seryl-tRNA synthetase and Tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase from silkworm, Bombyx mori. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41563. [PMID: 28134300 PMCID: PMC5278501 DOI: 10.1038/srep41563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are the key enzymes for protein synthesis. Glycine, alanine, serine and tyrosine are the major amino acids composing fibroin of silkworm. Among them, the genes of alanyl-tRNA synthetase (AlaRS) and glycyl-tRNA synthetase (GlyRS) have been cloned. In this study, the seryl-tRNA synthetase (SerRS) and tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (TyrRS) genes from silkworm were cloned. Their full length are 1709 bp and 1868 bp and contain open reading frame (ORF) of 1485 bp and 1575 bp, respectively. RT-PCR examination showed that the transcription levels of SerRS, TyrRS, AlaRS and GlyRS are significantly higher in silk gland than in other tissues. In addition, their transcription levels are much higher in middle and posterior silk gland than in anterior silk gland. Moreover, treatment of silkworms with phoxim, an inhibitor of silk protein synthesis, but not TiO2 NP, an enhancer of silk protein synthesis, significantly reduced the transcription levels of aaRS and content of free amino acids in posterior silk gland, therefore affecting silk protein synthesis, which may be the mechanism of phoxim-silking disorders. Furthermore, low concentration of TiO2 NPs showed no effect on the transcription of aaRS and content of free amino acids, suggesting that TiO2 NPs promotes silk protein synthesis possibly by increasing the activity of fibroin synthase in silkworm.
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Li F, Xu K, Ni M, Wang B, Gu Z, Shen W, Li B. Effect of oxidative phosphorylation signaling pathway on silkworm midgut following exposure to phoxim. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:167-175. [PMID: 26608777 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate pesticides are applied widely in the world for agricultural purposes, and their exposures often resulted in non-cocooning of Bombyx mori in China. Silkworm midgut is the major organ for digestion and nutrient absorption, importantly it is also a barrier against foreign substances and chemical pesticides. The purpose of this study was to determine the mechanism of oxidative injury in silkworm midgut with phoxim induction. The results showed that the transcription level of oxidative phosphorylation signaling pathway genes of midgut under phoxim stress. Digital gene expression (DGE) analysis revealed that 24 electron transport chain (ETC)-related genes were upregulated. Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction results indicated that the ETC the genes encoding NADH-CoQ1, Succinic-Q, cyt c reductase-S, cyt c oxidase-S, cytochrome c oxidase polypeptide IV, ATP synthase, and vacuolar H+ ATP synthase were all significantly up-regulated by 1.50-, 1.31-, 1.42-, 1.44-, 1.70-, 2.03- and 1.43-fold, respectively. Phoxim induction enhanced the activity of ETC complex in mitochondria, and induced the accumulation of ROS in midgut. These results indicated that trace phoxim enhanced respiration in midgut, and the imbalance between the activity changes of ETC may led to reactive oxygen species accumulation. The ETC of mitochondria may be potential biomarkers of midgut toxicity in B. mori caused by phoxim exposure. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 167-175, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanchi Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaizun Xu
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Ni
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Binbin Wang
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiya Gu
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Weide Shen
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, People's Republic of China
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Li F, Hu J, Tian J, Xu K, Ni M, Wang B, Shen W, Li B. Effects of phoxim on nutrient metabolism and insulin signaling pathway in silkworm midgut. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 146:478-485. [PMID: 26741554 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Silkworm (Bombyx mori) is an important economic insect. Each year, poisoning caused by phoxim pesticide leads to huge economic losses in sericulture in China. Silkworm midgut is the major organ for food digestion and nutrient absorption. In this study, we found that the activity and expression of nutrition metabolism-related enzymes were dysregulated in midgut by phoxim exposure. DGE analysis revealed that 40 nutrition metabolism-related genes were differentially expressed. qRT-PCR results indicated that the expression levels of insulin/insulin growth factor signaling (IIS) pathway genes Akt, PI3K, PI3K60, PI3K110, IRS and PDK were reduced, whereas PTEN's expression was significantly increased in the midgut at 24 h after phoxim treatment. However, the transcription levels of Akt, PI3K60, PI3K110, IRS, InR and PDK were elevated and reached the peaks at 48 h, which were 1.48-, 1.35-, 1.21-, 2.24-, 2.89-, and 1.44-fold of those of the control, respectively. At 72 h, the transcription of these genes was reduced. Akt phosphorylation level was increasing along with the growth of silkworms in the control group. However, phoxim treatment led to increased Akt phosphorylation that surged at 24 h but gradually decreased at 48 h and 72 h. The results indicated that phoxim dysregulated the expression of IIS pathway genes and induced abnormal nutrient metabolism in silkworm midgut, which may be the reason of the slow growth of silkworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanchi Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Jingsheng Hu
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Jianghai Tian
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Kaizun Xu
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Min Ni
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Binbin Wang
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Weide Shen
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China.
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Yu RX, Wang YH, Hu XQ, Wu SG, Cai LM, Zhao XP. Individual and Joint Acute Toxicities of Selected Insecticides Against Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 109:327-33. [PMID: 26546487 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tov316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
As widely used pesticides, organophosphate, pyrethroid, and neonicotinoid insecticides have different modes of action. In the present study, we evaluated individual and joint acute toxicities of two organophosphates, two pyrethroids, and two neonicotinoids against the second-instar silkworm by feeding silkworm with the insecticide-treated mulberry leaves. The 96-h lethal concentration 50 (LC(50)) values of chlorpyrifos, acephate, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, cypermethrin, and deltamethrin against silkworm were 3.45 (2.95-4.31), 44.45 (39.34-48.56), 1.27 (1.19-1.35), 2.38 (2.19-2.54), 0.36 (0.30-0.43), and 0.037 (0.033-0.041) mg/liter, respectively. Moreover, the 96-h LC(50) values of 50:50 binary mixtures of insecticides against silkworm ranged from 0.048 (0.043-0.054) to 3.52 (2.09-4.51) mg/liter. In addition, the combination coefficient (Q) values of all tested mixtures ranged from 0.36 to 3.37. According to the obtained Q values, the binary mixture of deltamethrin-chlorpyrifos showed antagonistic effects at 96-h interval, while the other binary mixtures had additive effects. Taken together, our results provided valuable guidelines in assessing the ecological risk of these insecticide mixtures against silkworm.
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Affiliation(s)
- R X Yu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control / Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198 Shiqiao Rd., Hangzhou 310021, China (; ; ; ; ; )
| | - Y H Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control / Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198 Shiqiao Rd., Hangzhou 310021, China (; ; ; ; ; )
| | - X Q Hu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control / Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198 Shiqiao Rd., Hangzhou 310021, China (; ; ; ; ; )
| | - S G Wu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control / Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198 Shiqiao Rd., Hangzhou 310021, China (; ; ; ; ; )
| | - L M Cai
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control / Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198 Shiqiao Rd., Hangzhou 310021, China (; ; ; ; ; )
| | - X P Zhao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control / Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198 Shiqiao Rd., Hangzhou 310021, China (; ; ; ; ; )
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Li F, Ni M, Zhang H, Wang B, Xu K, Tian J, Hu J, Shen W, Li B. Expression profile analysis of silkworm P450 family genes after phoxim induction. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 122:103-109. [PMID: 26071814 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2014.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Silkworm (Bombyx mori) is an important economic insect and a model species for Lepidopteran. Each year, O,O-diethyl O-(alpha-cyanobenzylideneamino) phosphorothioate (phoxim) pesticide poisoning in China results in huge economic losses in sericulture. Silkworm fat body is the main organ for nutrient storage, energy supply, intermediary metabolism, and detoxification. Microarray analysis of silkworm Cytochrome P450 detoxification enzyme genes revealed that all tested P450 4 (CYP4) family genes are expressed in the fat body. Quantitative Real-time PCR (QRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of CYP4 family genes in silkworm fat body 0, 24, 48, and 72 h after phoxim exposure. The expression levels of silkworm molting hormone synthesis-related genes started to change 24 h after phoxim exposure, with those of CYP302A1, CYP306A1, and CYP314A1 being elevated by 1.38-, 1.33-, and 2.10-fold, respectively. The CYP18A1 gene that participates in steroid hormone inactivation and the CYP15C1 gene that participates in the epoxidation during the synthesis of juvenile hormone (JH) from methyl farnesoate (MF) were increased by 3.85- and 7.82-fold, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that these endogenous hormone metabolism-related genes belong to CYP mito clan and clan 2, and that phoxim exposure may affect silkworm development and metamorphosis. The CYP4, CYP6, and CYP9 families all showed some degrees of increases in gene expression; among them, CYP49A1, CYP4L6, CYP6AB4, CYP9G3, CYP9A19, and CYP9A22's transcription levels were significantly upregulated to 12.77-, 2.64-, 2.42-, 4.06-, 3.32-, and 2.98-fold, respectively, of the control levels. In the fat body, CYP49A1, CYP6AB4, CYP9A19, and CYP9A22 were constantly expressed at high levels after 24, 48, and 72 h of phoxim treatments; according to phylogenetic analysis, these genes belong to detoxification-related clan 3 and clan 4 CYP families. These genes may participate in the metabolism of phoxim in silkworm fat body. The results obtained in this study provide a basis for future in-depth investigations of insect P450 family genes in metabolic detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanchi Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Min Ni
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Binbin Wang
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Kaizun Xu
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Jianghai Tian
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Jingsheng Hu
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Weide Shen
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
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